skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Doing whatever she wants out of self interest, and damn the consequences to those to who she's responsible for? Story checks out, but that's not much more generous.
Not ELI5 obviously but might help some.

Transformer is a patterning probabilistic machine for a sequence of identities[1]. These identities are fed to the transformer in lanes. The transformer is conditioned to shift lanes one position to the left until they make it to the output, and make a prediction in the right-most lane that got freed up. Attention adds an exponential amount of layer interconnectivity, when we compare it with a simple densely connected layers. The attention mask serves as a high-dimensional dropout, without which it would be extremely easy for the Transformer to simply repeat the inputs (and then fail to generalize when making the prediction). Each layer up until the vertical middle of the Transformer works with a higher contextual representation than the previous one, and this is again being unwound back to lower contexts from the middle layer back to the original identities (integers) on the outputs. This means that you have raw identities on the input and output which span a certain width/window of the input sequence, but in comparison the middle-most layer has a sequence of high level contexts spanning extreme lengths of the original input sequence, knowledge-wise. [1]It's important to know that modification (learning) by the Transformer, of the vector embeddings which represent the input/output identities/integers that the Transformer works with, constitute big portion of the Transformer's power, and the practical implication of that is that it's impractical to try to tell the Transformer that e.g. some of our identities are similar or there's some logical system in their similarity, because all the Transformer really cares about is the occurrence of these identities in the sequence we train the Transformer on, and the Transformer will figure out the similarities or any kind of logic in the sequence by itself.
Bing also uses GPT-4 and it is very fast. Microsoft spends more ok compute.
Perhaps I worded it poorly, but I meant housing as in a place to live regardless of if that's achieved via ownership or renting. Both are getting more expensive compared to median wage as we build less than the increase in population. I didn't think that was a uniquely British phenomenon, but I'd be happy to learn otherwise.
I wonder. won't it take longer?

People pay for decent quality. I hate listening to artificial voices. I loved audiobooks narrated by wil wheaton.

I remember when kindle books first came out and everybody threw their books through OCR and books were full of typos and extra punctuation.

I suspect audiobooks that are read by synthesized voices will go through the same "uncanny-valley" dissatisfaction.
The fact that you have multiple companies each running their own physical network (through the same ducts, no less!) is absolutely wasteful - imagine if we did the same for the electric grid, water or gas.

The physical network should be government-managed and any providers can pay for layer-2 access between any 2 points. This will prevent wasteful, redundant infrastructure.
Exactly the opposite of what should be happening. Homes should be connected with permanent, reliable, high capacity fiber optic networks.

Mobile connectivity plays an important role but it should be complementary, an add-on to the backbone not a substitute.

Given how the costs of digital technology are generally on a collapsing trend this suggests significant dysfunction. Reducing the computing experience of the entire population to mobile phones is a severe downgrade, a sort of digital precariat.
You're criticising proposed changes in regulations in the UK, though, so the availability of such insurance in the UK is surely relevant.
House prices are awful, and with the current mortgage rates it makes it even harder. Last July when we first started looking at what sort of deposit we would need and how much mortgage payments would be it looked like we would be spending an additional £400 a month (which is fine, I wouldn't have to save for a house after all). But since the catastrophic economic policies of our shortest term prime minisiter we would be paying an extra £1000 a month over our current rent.

The house 2 doors down was last sold for £80k about 20 years ago. The house over the road that has just gone up for sale is asking for £300k. I'm lucky that my salary is over the median, but a 3-bed semi detached is like 10x the median salary (£26k). The same sort of property that my parents generation bought for 5x the median salary back in the 90s.
I don't think thats the case.

_good_ audiobooks require the reader to have consistent voices for each character, express the correct emotion for the particular scene, and intone some sort of personality into the book.

A good example is Kobna Holdbrook-Smith (https://www.audible.co.uk/pd/Rivers-of-London-Audiobook/B004... listen to the free sample) He makes the characters different, and the main character PC grant comes alive in his voice.

A negative example is https://www.audible.co.uk/pd/Breakfast-of-Champions-Audioboo... where John Malkovich lethargically stumbles his way through, like a bored supply teacher with a cracking hangover and no lesson plan.

Now, you can make very passable recordings of a book using something like amazon's polly. You can make it more bearable when you inject verbal clues using the markup tool. But. It still feels rubbish listening to it.

However its a shit tonne cheaper, so its probably going to seep in because people want profit more than art, but it would have to be made cheaper for it to take off. There is librevox who've been around for years. They have volunteers to read books and they distribute them with permissive licenses. However thats not as popular as audible. Partly because of content, partly performance.
I'd like to add horsetail to that list.

https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendiu...
That's ... a lot of articles. Is there any article in particular worth checking out?
The Zen of Python if why do I prefer Lisp.
> With all the money and equipment being donated I am surprised that they need budget drones

Why risk a decent piece of equipment attriting the enemy's static defences when you can slam a $100 RPG into a tank or APC worth >1 million with a $300 FPV drone.

The cost benefit analysis is off the charts for that. I would be keeping most of my good stuff for an offensive.
> Hangul can be composed from smaller blocks

Not “can be”, “is”. Hangul was designed, it’s alphabetic and morpho-syllabic features were intentional.
I'm on 'mobile broadband' in a city of 1 million in the UK midlands. That's where you pay a monthly fee and get a mains powered router pod that connects itself to the vendor's G4 mobile network. Several companies offer this.

I ditched my landline phone and pay just under £15 a month. Works fine. Easily saturates the wifi card on my old Thinkpad at the same time as her indoors is watching Emmerdale over the same connection.

Happy customer (at the moment, mergers in the pipeline).
Good learning tool if you use it on generated data.

Don't paste actual patient data.
Many managers or higher-up business leaders do not understand the concept of maintenance, which is why it becomes 'technical debt'.

They just expect the existing thing to keep working in the background and more imporantly do the new stuff that is wanted.

It's generally a debt, because engineers are not given time to maintain it properly. Imagine the car never getting to go to a garage to be serviced, because it's needed for driving all the time. There is your debt.
I use a >10 years old X3470 for my college PC, which works surprisingly well for most computing-intensive tasks like compiling, virtualization, and running services in the background. It is however lagging behind horribly in web browsing, because of its poor single thread performance.

When I see posts like these, I become even more afraid of what the web is becoming. I don't want to have any website fetching itself piecemeal, freezing my browser window for ~5 seconds while the browser logic scrambles to reconstitute content from a million pieces.
> I was very taken aback when I first saw this comment, but these days I cherish it.

Maybe that’s how trolls feel.
ChatGPT vs. Google Bard: Which AI Chatbot Is Better?
ChatGPT and Google Bard are popular AI chatbots in the market. They are both trained on massive datasets of text and code, and they can generate text, translate languages, write different kinds of creative content, and answer your questions in an informative way. This article will focus on ChatGPT vs Google Bard to understand which AI chatbot is better and why.
With lora support, it would make for a nice off the grid communication device.
> There is no reason to pay the money I am paying here if I can get better food, climate and general quality of life for the same (or even less!) money elsewhere in Europe.

We very much shot ourselves in the foot in that regard.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hfMGDFIossU
> Britain does very well in lots of software engineering fields: games, fin-tech, web.

How much of this is VC-funded "growth & engagement" crap that has no sustainable business model and will go out of business very soon, if it hasn't already?
> good luck filming corrupt cops in a series in China with the CCP

I don't know about China, but when Poland was communist and there was widespread censorship - it was still OK to talk about corruption, it was just supposed to be shown in a way that makes it clear that corruption is western influence and communism is getting rid of it.

Funnily enough - Polish cinema was probably better artistically during communism, because it had to work hard to work around the censorship. So you had movies that were trying to be universal, say the things that can't be said using symbols, etc.

Modern Polish cinema is pretty awful, mostly shitty romcoms.

I'm not saying censorship is good, it's evil obviously, but the effect on art can be counterintuitive.
Who wants to be tracked?
"Pay rises are around 0% for most people I know."

Some data:

https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwor...

Growth in employees' average total pay (including bonuses) was 5.8% and growth in regular pay (excluding bonuses) was 6.7% in January to March 2023.

(That appears to be on an annual basis.)
"In Japanese, the name is itadori (虎杖, イタドリ). The kanji expression is from the Chinese meaning 'tiger stick'. One interpretation of the Japanese name is that it comes from 'remove pain' (alluding to its painkilling use), though there are other etymological explanations offered." (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynoutria_japonica)
> That is a good argument against immigration - don't import cultures in quantities you can't assimilate when they are incompatible with the current culture. Also don't lose wars. Bad habit. // How can you compare invasions to inmigration? The argument doesn't hold. Furthemore, I fail to see the need to discuss inmigration at all. I feel you are just pushing your political agenda on a offtopic thread.
The guy is depraved:

> I sent that privately to avoid giving suggestions to the whole fu cking world, you absolute as shat. This is a safety issue!

Trying to hide direct threats to someone's livelihood in the privacy expected from a safety issue crosses multiple lines.

That's up there with threatening your doctor and trying to invoke HIPAA to keep him from reporting it.

This is not a man anyone should be taking ethical direction from.
There's a lot of stuff in various news articles about various forms of imperialism and such, but i would eat my hat if the internal workings of LLMs makes their high jouranlistic cutoff for publishing.

Tokenization strategies will almost certainly play a significant role in language extinction, and as someone with tremendous respect for linguistics and the role that language plays in thought and culture, it pisses me the hell off.

Must we all bow to the anglophone?
If their point was to protest the poor accounting practices, calling attention to the more ridiculous consequences is a good way to do that.

Likewise, if their point was to protest potentially wasteful spending and fraud. Even if they couldn't be certain there was waste or fraud because of the lack of transparency in accounting, it's fair for them to call attention to the accounting practices by pointing out how they appear to imply waste and fraud.
for those who miss Theme Hospital, the recent Two Point Hospital is a (good) spiritual sequel
> Homes should be connected with permanent, reliable, high capacity fiber optic networks.

UK solved that problem by allowing DSL to be sold as "fiber".
Increasing that LabVIEW was created around the same time. I can see some similarities in the visual programming. The 80s were such a fertile time!

vvvv looks cool, it's just a shame they promote the output (views of exhibitions etc) rather than the tool itself. I tried to find information and screenshots of it, but failed and gave up.
Freedom crisis
Hackerstoolkit.co One-Stop Shop for Tool Commands and Code Snippets
Exactly, it's absurd. For a little more detail, this is Stamford Lincs. As well as BT installing FTTP we also have Upp Broadband and LightSpeed Broadband installing their own infrastructure.

https://www.upp.com/

https://www.lightspeed.co.uk/

They have had to make some of the underground junction boxes bigger to fit all the kit in.

My only thought is that they hoped to get their kit in quicker than BT and get brought out. Clearly the aim of these regional companies is to eventually be acquired by larger national ISPs.
Personally i'm not that invested in what NeXT came up for their DE, i don't even think they were that great from a UX perspective (i used Window Maker long before i even learned about NeXTSTEP and once i used one i found its window management way inferior to Window Maker), so i don't mind the systray stuff. I use a dockapp (wmsystray) that "splits" the icons into pages with (IIRC) four icons per page and little arrows below.

The only thing i'd like (and i might do and try to submit a patch at some point since AFAIK it is still being maintained) is for it to put a small frame around the icons like some other dockapps do for their contents as right now it just displays the icons on top of the dock tile background. But that is very minor.
And who is hoovering up those expensive houses? Not the middle class.

Rich folk are investing in housing and renting it out. It's crazy.
Of course we do. However, other people have mentioned people might just be using their phones instead.

As an example:

https://www.voxi.co.uk/for-now - £10/month unlimited calls, texts, data for 6months - then you go onto a £10/month plan but without the unlimited data.

We also have social tariffs for broadband too:

https://www.moneysavingexpert.com/compare-broadband-deals/br...

Seems like a bigger issue is people not knowing about these tariffs.

I'd like to add, I firmly believe everyone should have government provided "basic" internet that's at least 38Mbps or something similar. I really do hate what the government has done to the UK over the last decade so I'm not on their side or anything.
We've been moving back to that. Curbside/instore pickup (and now curbside returns) is a thing at most of the major retailers. It got a big push during pandemic store closures but e.g. Target had been doing it since 2014ish
What you have is already the case - that's "OpenReach", owned by the incumbent and required to provide wholesale access to ISPs for the "last mile". Independent ISPs then provide the Internet connectivity.

But they have to provide nationwide coverage at uniform pricing. So private companies can provide parallel service in dense urban areas for less.
The irony here is that the Finnish internet will probably be less impacted by AI spam as a result. Perhaps in the end internet times it will be nothing but bots and finns. A fitting outcome.
It does seem disingenuous to use a percentage, when the error bars are likely an order of magnitude either side of the stated figure.
FWIW NEXTSPACE isn't just a Window Maker fork but an attempt for a complete NeXTSTEP-like desktop environment based on GNUstep and Window Maker is only for the window management bits.
How does this compare to Lando?
I think you are right on the symptoms, and some of the causes, but let me add some from the other side, as I think left and right both make good points and you have to be intellectually honest if you want to move forward.

There are some multinationals who escape taxation, but even if that were perfectly addressed it wouldn't solve the UK's issues. Tax receipts are already close to 40% of GDP, these are record highs, frankly there are few countries where going over 40% is both possible or sustainable. (The US is at 25% for reference).

House prices are high because for 15 years mortgages were basically at 0% interest. This didn't actually make housing more affordable through cheap mortgages, if just inflated house prices. The endless schemes to help young people buy property just makes this worse, as the schemes are just built into the price.

Lastly, and this is usually hard to hear for people of your persuasion, you just can't add 500k-1m NET people to a country and expect housing to be just as available, and the health service to not be under massive strain. It's a physical impossibility. YES, I know many immigrants work in the NHS. That is not a valid rebuke to the problem. 1m net immigrants last year is 1m more people who need health services. The NHS has received massively more funding since covid and just can't cope.
I'm not against migration, but the sheer numbers need to be talked about. You can't keep a sustainable country at these levels.

Finally, the UK has relied on financial and advisory services for decades as the core of its economy. This seems to be working less and less, tech is taking over. the 80-90s were about finance, since then it's been about tech. Slowly the country is falling behind.

This is a chronic issue in almost all of europe, but at least there there is high end manufacturing, and eastern europe has tonnes of catching up to do which grows the economy.
The choice of tokenizer is arbitrary, and is configured by the people building the LLM. It's not dictated by the data. A simple model would be to simply tokenize the input character-by-character using Unicode as-is. Heck, you could use 256 (8-bit) tokens and just feed the model UTF-8 as a raw byte stream. The AI would "figure it out".

However, it is much more efficient to use a tokenization tuned to the statistics of the input data set. Since most of the Internet is in English, it's more efficient to assign single tokens to entire English words, but not to other languages.
I think the rise in food bank usage over the last decade and a half has been quite alarming[0]. You can find supporting statistics elsewhere too[2][3].

I know that plenty of people are doing alright and, in my opinion, this group is vastly over-represented on HN. The food bank usage stats suggest that the living conditions of people across this country have been getting worse for a while now, and while the pandemic and inflation have exacerbated this problem, they did not create it.

1. https://www.statista.com/statistics/382695/uk-foodbank-users...

2. https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/food-bank-demand-and-th...

3. https://www.trusselltrust.org/news-and-blog/latest-stats/end...
Here (in France) I hear the nearby church bells announce the time every hour and quarters of an hour.
UK was already creaking at the seems in the 2000's. I left in 2011 and have spent the last 5 years crawling up a sewer pipe of regulations trying to get my post brexit immigration sorted.

Brexit was just a fantasy of better days to come that was actually pretext for a right wing power grab. And what do right wingers ultimately want? A world of red in tooth and claw capitalism with themselves as the permanent winners, right up until they are hit with one of life's unexpected curve balls then they come crying to the state to save them.

Fuck the tories.
> £80k about 20 years ago - asking for £300k.

7% a year assuming they spent £0 (hint: they didnt)
In Europe it is covered by mandatory insurance. When you hit somebody (and it is your fault), your mandatory insurance covers the cost for repair for his car, but not for yours. If somebody hits you, his mandatory insurance covers your damages.

Mandatory insurance is legally mandated to be used by every motorists and it is illegal to drive without it, which makes it pretty cheap.
Sounds oddly like the early days of the London Underground. So many weird station layouts in the modern system are the result of multiple separate systems run by private companies later being combined. There's an excellent YouTube channel about it: https://www.youtube.com/@JagoHazzard
In practice it may well mean the anglophone internet fills up with spam as the ESLs realize their formally dying(or dead) websites and forums and boards are basically free from digital black death and intellectual thought makes a retreat from the world language.
It's definitely harm to the body. But might be the only thing that works for you if you are trying to fight alcoholism or stop using drugs.
De novo evolution of macroscopic multicellularity – Nature
So much this! Smørrebrød, Butterbrot/Wurstbrod

Why would you even bake Bread WITHOUT topping? Just doesn't make much sense, there is only so much gravy you could dunk plain bread in.

Similarly the Pizza-style dishes were continuously re-discovered (if you are baking loafs of bread in a wood-fired oven you need to gauge whether the oven has the right temperature, instead of charcoaling your large loafs of bread, you just use a small, flat piece of dough for that that quickly bakes. Since you don't throw away food, as a baker you'll eat it. And from there, its just a little step to add toppings on top. Cheese in the case of Pizza, Onions / Bacon in the case of Flammkuchen in Alsace, in Swabia similar thing is called dennede, Pide in Turkey, etc.
Apologies for that. We had about 8 keys in rotation, but eventually ran out of phone numbers to create new OpenAI accounts + fresh accounts have super low rate limits for 2 days. We had a rate limit increase now, so this should be less of an issue.

Will release a new level soon as well :-)

PS: in case it wasn’t clear I’m on the Lakera team.
Please tell me the name of this documentary. That sounds insane!
This title is ridiculous
I know what you mean. A lot of this stuff stays in research labs. If it's lucky it might break out. I'm thinking of WIMP/GUI (Xerox PARC), Interface Builder (Inria). IntelligentPad seems to have not managed to have broken out quite so successfully, or at least not had the staying power.

I also find it somewhat frightening how quickly good ideas are jettisoned in the name of "progress" when the new thing is provably worse than the thing it replaces. Apple have done this so many times recently with things in macOS and perhaps even with Swift.
>There should be a law forcing tech companies to sell spare parts at cost + 20% markup.

Why stop there? Maybe force tech companies to sell their products and services at cost + 20% markup. /sarcasm

1. What happens if the company has too many spare parts and wants to sell at 0% markup? Can they do that?

2. What happens if the spare parts factory burns down in an accident? Is the company legally obligated to rebuild the factory? What are the terms for how fast must the company rebuild the factory? Does the company need a backup factory to produce spare parts?

3. How long should the company be obligated to provide spare parts? Should this duration be applied to all electronics?
Tech startups: valuations are even lower than data suggests