skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Hi, I maintain Redux and created RTK.

I'm going to do my best @davidkpiano impression and point out that "Redux, as typically used, is _half_ a state machine" [0] , in that a typical reducer responds to actions regardless of what the current state value might be, whereas a true Finite State Machine always checks the current state first before deciding if the current event is relevant.

You _can_ absolutely write Redux reducers as true state machines. With `createSlice`, you'd generally need to have a field in the slice that's some kind of enum, and check that first inside of a reducer:

const someSlice = createSlice({
name,
initialState: {status: "x", someData},
reducers: {
somethingHappened(state, action) {
if(state.status === "x") {
// _now_ consider if the "somethingHappened" action is relevant
}
}
}
})

Very doable, but not the most ideal syntax, since `createSlice` is focused on "here's an action / thing that happened, here's the reducer that handles that".

On the flip side, you can also use XState state machines as Redux reducers. A state machine is, after all, a function that takes a current state value + some event, and returns a new state.... exactly the same as a reducer function!

David and I have been saying for a while that we'd like to have a more official integration between XState and Redux. A while back, Matt Pocock put together an proof of concept for what a `createXStateSlice` might look like [1]. I actually sat down with David a couple weeks ago and we did some further design discussions about the possibility of using the `@xstate/fsm` package (a smaller version of XState's logic) as a starting point, and generating RTK actions based on that. No code yet, but it seems feasible.

[0] https://dev.to/davidkpiano/redux-is-half-of-a-pattern-1-2-1h...

[1] https://github.com/mattpocock/redux-xstate-poc
There's also a pared down, minimal version of xstate: https://github.com/statelyai/xstate/tree/main/packages/xstat...
Absolutely. My poet wife is able to craft great prompts for Midjourney.
Which goes to show you one of the best strategies in ML isn’t necessarily thinking about learning theory, it’s thinking about what our fastest computers are most capable of doing.

But this does run out of steam (or rather…data) eventually. The largest LLM was ibm’s tangora model back in the 1980s. 8 trillion params.

We’ll go through the cycle again with a new paradigm.
Yikes. We use example.com all the time in my intro to network programming class. HTTPS would get in the way of learning the basics, so I'm glad there are some HTTP options out there still.

(Yeah, they could just run a local one-liner web server, but that's not as fun.)
Since its instructions have to be aligned, ARM would also have only 12 usable address bits per page.
You can chose to participate in clinical trails and get it before then.
Proportional fonts for coding? No thank you
It's not "fair" that I'm only slightly above average height and will therefor never be an NBA star. It's not "fair" that I'm a competent musician at best -- far, far below professional level.

Are you arguing that no one should be allowed to be a pro basketball player or musician?

You should go read a story called Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut.
> Epistemology 101. Statistical pattern matching has no epistemological truth beyond a correspondence of linguistic statistics.
It is merely statistical

Your belief in epistemic truth is a statistical inference from your perception of apparently reliable causality. How do you ground this inductive inference?

Your attempt to appeal to epistemology 101 with a casual dismissal as "mere statistical probability" covers this deep, gaping maw. Bayesian inference reduces to classical logic when all probabilities are pinned to 0 and 1, but in what circumstances can we actually demonstrably infer absolute certainty? None that I can think of, except one's own existence.
Yeah, but software is complex, and we don't have tools to effectively analyze its code. The scanning solutions currently available in the market are really crude, and most of them perform behavioral analysis looking for very basic vulns.

In case of AI models, brute-forcing is much easier as their input channels are limited. Also, they are probabilistic by design, so hardening them is much more difficult than conventional SW. Code leak is one thing, things can get really bad if the prod weights are leaked.

However, the cost of GPU computation is working as a big deterrence, for now. It's expensive to scan a model for vulnerabilities with massive parallelism. But, it also means it's difficult for developers to verify their models, so manual guesswork is still a valid attack strategy.
I really don't like the taste of carbonized bread, even if I do toast it's always been on the light side, golden brown at darkest. And an air fryer pretty much satisfies me for those needs - with the grille inside it gets good airflow around the back and makes decent toast at max heat. 2 mins at 350-400 will toast up a hamburger bun to the point of it starting to dry out and toast. That's fine for my toasting needs, if I was going to do bread that'd be a good start too.

Perhaps I'd have enjoyed toast more with better toasters growing up that didn't burn the bread (it's probably time to just junk my ancient toaster, I never use it). I like it in BLTs and such of course, and will sometimes toast up a bun for a burger/etc, but, like mayo, toast is one of those "as a main ingredient? no." things for me. It's an accent, not the main course.

Toast and popcorn also both have a sensory issue for me where they dry out my lips and it feels stingy and chapped and bad afterwards (even if I wash/chapstick/etc). Popcorn it's partially the salt, but it also occurs to some extent on homemade popcorn without/with less salt, and I also get it on BLTs/etc. Maybe the dryness of the bread is getting me in both cases. But I simply don't enjoy eating foods that trigger that chapped lipfeel.
I wonder what the reason is

Multiple factors, including transportation, land use, and yeah, what you're hinting at. The Guardian isn't especially anti-nuke these days, btw.
I am, thank you. : - )
API First and code generation done right
TINC
For those interested in new(opinionated) RSS readers, I'd like to know what you guys think about https://lenns.io/?
This RISC/CISC debate made a lot of sense when the "guts" of the CPU (decoder, registers, ALU, etc) occupied almost the whole chip (or box of transistors), and when memory and CPU had similar speeds.

The situation now is very different. The vast majority of the chip is cache. The trade-off for a much bigger decoder (or register stack, or whatever) is now just a fractionally smaller cache.

And on current systems the CPU and memory operate at enormously different speeds - memory is 10+ times slower than the CPU. So to keep the CPU even vaguely busy, we have resorted to enormous caches. And we use large numbers of cores & threads, so that when one thread is waiting for memory, others may be able to run.

The old game was max performance from a limited number of gates. The current situation makes such enormous numbers of gates available (even on tiny, cheap chips) that we're playing an altogether different game.
Definitely hardware, initially the problem was occasional but now happens every time. There are microphones inside the earcup (near the driver) that I believe are the issue
Startups are their bread and butter, Brex spends a lot of money mingling with the space, and AI is currently driving most companies in the space
I run combine1090 (and was able to send Pi's to friends all over the US to send me their ADS-B data too!). Check out https://radar.airport-frequencies.com Also have it running op25 (trunked radio systems) for a real-time police/fire scanner that refreshes every time a new transmission is recorded and displays on another subdomain. Check out https://ducomm.scanner-frequencies.com

As far as "girl" projects...I think maybe it's more of an age thing rather than a gender thing (both boys and girls would dig working with a Pi) - I think the age matters more because there could be a learning curve involved
> It also ignores the fact that money is usually taxed when it changes hands - income tax, sales tax, etc.

I don't think they're "ignoring the fact". I think they're arguing that it's wrong. Those aren't the same thing.
do you also get it to return responses in YAML?
It's unclear if narrow AI is as powerful as multimodal models with tools, as of yet. Is an LLM which has access to narrow AI "tools" strictly more powerful, capable of running experiments or improving itself? See: AutoGPT, Langchain, et al.

I also don't see the basis for believing LLMs can be topic specific without neutering their capabilities. It's the general instruction & tool tuned LLMs which are currently changing our expectations of what these models can do. Is there any evidence for a "topic specific" LLM being useful?
This is a good question. Personally, I think it is a better way for most companies to directly use the API of OpenAI, which is currently the best in terms of ease of use and ability in the general field. I think there are only a few types that need to retrain the model themselves. 1. Researchers who are very cutting-edge and have sufficient funds. 2. Large companies that require ultra large amounts of calls or have strict confidentiality requirements. 3. Application scenarios in very specific fields, such as chemical molecules, may require more domain specific pretraining.
The source linked above is what is called a primary source (as taught in grade school).

The video is raw video footage, not CGI.
Yeah whenever I read about stuff like this I always feel the attempt to create formally complete logical systems is inherently flawed.
They cost less than $30-million to build.
I had XM2s that still work technically but have been quite abused so the hardware is falling apart. The bump in NC quality between XM2 and XM4 was pretty astounding
article says decline of smoking is one of the big factors.
He also held onto, refused to share or collaborate, but bragged incessantly and inappropriately about his glorious "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Netnews Reader", during the early 1980's when I knew him from east coast science fiction conventions and the arpanet, when he called himself "Eric the Flute".

He'd corner unsuspecting people at parties, hijack ongoing conversations, and insufferably yap on and on and on about it, to the exclusion of anything else, dissing all the other competing netnews readers. And he steadfastly refused to collaborate with anyone else or share it, and of course he never finished it either. Now he hates to even talk about it. If you run into him and want to make him shut up, ask him about it and see how awkward his response is!
Eh. I've had to do more fiddling with my wired headphones (Sennheiser 380's) and replace the jack and wire more than once. I have had them for over a decade. My wireless set is a pair of quietcomfort 35's I got in 2026.. They've aged remarkably well, but I did have to replace the ear foam for both sets these years.

So, I have been served wel by both.
well, being as this is a comparison of bard using palm2 and gpt4, the free version which is gpt3.5 wouldn't suffice. I'd like to see them add in bing chat, phind.com and perplexity, and one of the open source models.
Was not aware of that - that's absolutely nuts. Thank you for the link - and on-topic username!
> 8. Given a large enough beta-tester and co-developer base, almost every problem will be characterized quickly and the fix obvious to someone.

The key word here is characterized. That word is not equivalent to found.

Security vulnerabilities are unique in that they matter despite being unknown.

Other bugs are only important because of their direct impact on users. It's not unreasonable to take everything here and apply it to known bugs, and not to unknown vulnerabilities.
> There's the obvious stuff, like simply blocking third party tracking JS.

Doubtful this will ever be a mainstream default. If by some miracle it did then I imagine CNAME cloaking or proxying via first party would immediately take hold. Not necessarily bad but certainly very disruptive to the status quo.

It's also not clear how browsers could do it. Do you prevent all network calls from scripts loaded from a 3P host? Do you similarly lock 1P scripts to only making network calls to 1P hosts?
I disagree, I do both, and a modern ECU hardware can be extremely complex .. more so than its software.

This is because the hardware needs to meet a stack of conflicting specifications and standards for EMC, robustness, etc. Things need to work at a wide range of temperatures -40degC to 150degC.

Optimising for one standard or parameter causes all your other calibration to go out of whack. Adding a protection element to the circuit can itself fail and be the reason that the circuit fails. At times it can be like the Jenga tower ready to topple over.

Modern standards like ISO 26262 make it even more complicated because now we have to calculate and add up the failure probabilities of every single resistor and capacitor to find the whole-circuit failure probability, and in some applications we would need to prove less than 10 FIT (10 per trillion hours). Usually this can’t be reached without adding redundant components, and then maintaining the document trail to explain why they exist and can't be removed.

And suppose you need to change a component in the design .. you have to find something to do with the 10,000 units of the old component that you bought a year ago before the design was finished because it was on back order for 100 weeks.
It could also potentially have a massive chilling effect on the EU.

Maybe it's still worth doing, maybe the value is there. Personally I think, in a time of great happening & uncertainty , countries are demanding for a lot of magical unicorns, that they recognize real needs for citizens but have no check on their asks, and the "someone has to do something" desperation is paving over sensible governance (see: The Shock Doctrine).

Where we are headed seems to be less and less and less multi-lateralism.

We've had a long period where most lobbying is by large corporate interests asking for the same things & most policies have looked similar ish across regions. But nations are getting quite bold, are making lots of new independent demands, and peace is not up holdable under so many competing tensions.

I dont know how much straw we are putting on the camels back with this one. It probably won't break the camel by itself. But I also think there's some real hints here that the EU is demanding a potential enormous amount from entities, that may not be supplyable at all.
I have these Shure SE215 in-ear monitors that detach from the cable using the MMCX standard. If a wire breaks, it's cheap to swap out, I can swap from a 3.5mm to a usbc to Bluetooth. There are probably other earbuds that use the standard too (I think there are a few standards?)

But ultimately this means, as long as I don't lose them I can repair/replace the wire as needed.
RFC 2606 is a "best current practices" document, which is less stringent than a standard. I'd say it gives them flexibility.

Even updated by RFC 6761, the practices surrounding example.com only go so far as SHOULD and SHOULD NOT.

That said, I think it's a horrible idea to treat example.com differently, but that's just because I can't think of a single reason why you would want to do so. :)
This is an excellent additional contribution which I did not think of. Thank you all. Both feel real here.
Sounds like a pittance
Reminds me of the book by another Peter, Peter Watts' Blindsight, in which there are intelligences that can solve problems but are not sentient.
Discussed yesterday at https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35934504
Just a few years later - Kraftwerk https://youtu.be/eSBybJGZoCU
also hve quiet comforts. battery is still great, did replace the pads again recently. Only downsite is I broke the hinge so the ear was not connected to the loop and the parts didn't seem available. I used some small rivets and a piece of copper... back in action.
Has succeeded in what? Making a half-dead fork that trails behind on every single interesting feature Elasticsearch has put out in years?

Opensearch is a spiteful distraction and in a just world Amazon wouldn't have been allowed to call it "OpenSearch"
I think there is strong observation bias here. This might be true for Americans... And maybe even Westerners, but in Asian countries, especially South Asia, people are more close with the paternal side of the family.

For example: myself, a sample of n=1, I'm more involved with my paternal family then the maternal side of the family
Typo in the HN headline, lost a zero.
The classic TRS-80 Model 100, Cambridge Z88, QuickPad Pro, AlphaSmart Dana. There's a bunch more too. I'm somewhat of an enthusiast for this form-factor, this and typewriters are a hobby for the missus and I.

Douglas Adams used a Cambridge Z88 for writing! Prior to laptop batteries becoming decent once swappable batteries became less common, serious journos frequently used to turn to the slabtop even a decade ago.

There's something very human and intimate in the usage of it, despite modern clamshells obviously having better viewing angles and giving you a better posture. They feel very natural and intuitive, in the same way a pen and paper does.

The older ones are also frequently very easy to read in the sunshine, and the batteries can last a long time.

The AlphaSmart Neo 2 gets 700h of battery life, but is more of a word processor with extras like applets.

Also huge nerds for ThinkPads, but that's another, non-slabtop story.
Well it worked for twenty years or so.
Then the user gripes complains & badmouths, and are left behind.

But quickly their position crumbles. No advocates for their position maintain. What they were doing stops working. The user is swept under the sands of time & forgotten.

This putting all the onus on the developers is insufficient. The user doesn't have to advocate for themselves, no. Time happily can ignore their plight. We don't need them. The rest of the open society world is participating onwards.
"create-anything-app" is a great name, gets the concept across

it would be neat for to existing devtools to extend/wrap this. for example, supabase could ask "what are you building, and what do you want to build it with?", and then it could scaffold everything on top supabase. Or svelte could do the same, and it would generate a backend that svelte could sit on top of.
The decoders are largely irrelevant. All modern x86 machines use a uop cache. The large majority of instructions hit in this cache and do not need to hit the decoders at all. As a result, the decoders can spend much of their time shut down. You already have four-ish decoders that are idle most of the time; why do you want eight-ish decoders that are idle nearly all the time?

No one would design an ISA like x86 these days. It definitely does use more power and more die area than strictly needed. It definitely does reduce performance in some applications. It definitely did take heroic engineering efforts to make x86 work well. But, all told, it just doesn't matter very much.
The chips don't have ECC and have very low maximum memory and aren't suitable for the datacenter.
I think you're misunderstanding.

I'm making a joke about the fact that it's starting to feel like neoliberalism is just a hand wavy way for rich people to continue to get rich at the expense of everyone else.

I have no issue with the article, just the opposite. Studies like these are demonstrating how we shouldn't assume popular economic theories are immune to scrutiny.
Now I'm really wondering if that's true or not.

Software engineering can be self-studied very cheaply, lots of free resources, mostly you just need time and motivation. Failure is usually cheap.

Farming on the other hand requires more local, implicit and hands-on knowledge, capital requirements are high, feedback cycles are slower and failure is expensive.
what i really want is something like that but with a way to tag certain articles with a way to automatically backup the article, so it is easier to cross-reference links when you need to find/share a specific information

it's on my todo list of things to build
For me its just anecdotal. the metric is "# of times i laugh out loud when a mobile browser pops up to show me a link and its just rendered jump and popups and things I can generally not interact with"
You can't have it all. You'll have to choose what's most important to you, and sacrifice the rest.
I'm having trouble making sense of what you're trying to say but note that Tao was 9 years old and not grade 9. Even I knew a kid in high school who was taking university classes.
I appear to have the same broken google as ksherlock.
> An LLM cannot remember anything it didn't write down. It can't do that at all.

Ok, but I'm not sure what that has to do with knowledge. You can ask ChatGPT to reflect on and correct its own answers, so it clearly has access to its own outputs, which is a form of memory.
That appears to be the effective rate for income tax, but there are also sales taxes, "stamp" tax on things like houses and cars, excise taxes (especially on fuel), property tax, and inflation. I'm pretty confident you can get above half at a high income in California, New York, or especially Massachusetts.

You do get something for that, but it is surprising (to me anyway) for example how similar the percentages of GDP spent on social welfare are between the blue U.S. states and Australia, and how much more the Australians seem to get for the money.
Water turbines can help too. If you combine solar, water, and wind with a decent storage system you could do all sorts of things. Automated irrigation of agriculture. Self-running aquaponics. A induction electric oven and cooktops for a restaurant, let alone the lighting and A/C.
Who said anything about painful? HN posts that are direct downloads for pdf files are universally marked with [pdf]. Either because the poster remembered to do so, or because the title gets edited after the fact.

This is not an article, it's a download, and should be marked as such.
Absolutely, and almost everything I want to follow has a feed.

I run a tiny (Raspberry pi 3) miniflux instance as a web-based reader and have been very happy so far.
This is actually the kind of view that Leo Strauss and his followers would support. I often recommend Arthur Melzer's Philosophy Between the Lines for an exhaustive argument of this viewpoint, which is:

* All the early philosophers used esoteric writing.

* This can be shown by viewing works like The Republic not as factual explanation of knowledge, but as puzzles that contain intentional error, which the student must decipher to find true meanings.

* During the Renaissance, with writers like Machiavelli, a shift began to start arguing for the modern view.

* Upon adopting belief in this view in the Enlightenment, scholars could no longer accept esotericism, and parsed older texts at face value, leading to nonsensical interpretations.

In this light, encoding in song and story, and encoding with esotericism, both reflect a multilayered approach to knowledge transfer: the goal is not to surface large quantities of facts and figures, but to imprint a very strong impression of a few ideas, one that can survive even false readings by the unbelieving.

There is also a technical angle to the modern development, in that reliance on printed word became normalized in the later Renaissance, and therefore, "weakly encoded" ideas could proliferate at scale. Or in other words, the West became sophomoric, capable of knowing a lot of things without the wisdom to apply them usefully.
You shouldn’t and, at least in Europe, any kind of spare battery is forbidden in checked luggage. You also shouldn’t use power banks at all during flight.
Pearls from the Pangenome