skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
If y = f(x, T) when y is a member of T, prove f() doesn’t copy a value from T.

This is possible. For example, many functions f(0) return 0; if we can derive a function g(x) that generates y without access to T (ie. the training data) then we can plausibly assume that f(x, T) might indeed not be copying from T.

…but can we do so?

If so, we must admit that it is possible that f(x, T) = g(x) and no copying is taking place.

So, in the past 50 years of prior work can we come up with an example of a function g(x) that generates the exact code we see coming out of these LLMs?

I’ll grant, it’s not impossible.

For example, if stable diffusion generated sin wave patterns or fractals that exhibited “deep complex structure” and it happens that some artist had written code to do that exact thing, there would (I believe) be a fair case that stable diffusion was not copying the artist, it was simply a parallel implementation of the same generative code.

However, now my scepticism kicks in.

For code written by hand, that was not generated, we are suggesting that a LLM is a parallel equivalent implementation of a human mind, and it can, with purely “learnt patterns” replicate not only the intent and structure of known code, but the exact code itself, repeatedly.

I’ll grant. It’s not impossible, and it’s very difficult to prove, but it seems fabulously, unbelievably, extraordinarily unlikely that a clean room reimplementation would be identical, repeatedly.

We’re entering into the domain of assigning probability and then doing a zero knowledge proof here, but the solution is easy.

Just prove by counter example.

Train a model that generates such code without the code as training data.

You have now won the argument.

…on the bright side, you’ve also solved the 10 million dollar question of “how do I train my LLM when I don’t have enough training data” (because that’s what you just did; train it to do something without training data), so you’re now rich and give zero ducks what I think. Congrats.
That’s one of these programs where I'm thinking: "Why didn’t I build it?". Well, obviously because I don’t have a drone. Kudos, nice tool!

I wonder if there are more such opportunities…
Fabien Sanglard is an ace, his 3dfx posts are legendary. Very enjoyable reading
I am not sure why people are shocked by this, as any company gains market share in a given market the more hostile to their customers / users they become.

This is not new to tech companies, I suspect though many people believed they would somehow be different than other corporations. Maybe because the people heading those corporation seemingly were aligned politically when in the past they were not?

Regardless Google is following the same script that many many many other companies, tech and not, follow
I think you're using fancy language like "general language model" to obscure the facts.

If I created a program to read words from the input and assign weights based on previous words, I could feed in any data. Just like the polaroid example. (I suggested that the polaroid example was abstract enough not to be an ethical/legal problem because I believe it is mostly transformative, unless the colours themselves were copyrighted or a distinct enough work in themselves.)

Now If I only feed in Stephen King books and let it run, suddenly it outputs phrases, wording, place names, character names, adjectives all from Stephen King's repertoire. Is this a 'general language model'? Should this by copyright exempt? I don't think this is transformative enough at all. I've just mangled copyrighted works together, probably not enough to stand-up against a copyright claim.

I think people use AI and ML as buzzwords to try and obfuscate what's actually happening. If we were talking about AI and ML that doesn't need training on any licensed or copyrighted work (including 'public domain') then we can have a different conversation, but at the moment it's obscured copyright theft.
That was before there was a new bird in New York. This changes everything.
> Nothing in American culture today is mythologized more than the startup.

I think sports teams and accomplishments still take this competition by a long shot. There are way more movies, books, time spent mythologizing teams and individuals doing sporting things.
I know sharing ChatGPT/GPT/AI generated text in comments here can be unappealing, but I would like to share this one as I feel that I managed to get ChatGPT-4 to summarize this article using a non-computer analogy pretty well:

"Imagine you work in a library where you store books on shelves. Your primary task is to take new books and put them on the shelves (write-only load). You don't expect to read the books often, so the number of times you need to open and read the books should be minimal.

One day, you notice that several books are being opened and read more often than expected, even though your main task is to put away new books. This is confusing and unexpected, so you start investigating why this is happening.

After some investigation, you find out that the library assistant (the operating system) is trying to be helpful by anticipating which books might be needed next and opening them ahead of time (readahead). This anticipation works well when there is plenty of shelf space (memory) available. However, when the library gets crowded (memory pressure), the assistant starts anticipating the wrong books, causing unnecessary book openings (phantom reads).

To resolve this issue, you tell the library assistant to stop anticipating which books to open (disabling readahead) when you're just putting away new books. This solves the problem and reduces the number of unnecessary book openings. The experience teaches you the importance of understanding how the library assistant works and shows that addressing unexpected issues can lead to improvements in the overall library system."
> Access 300+ flight data points logged every 1/10 of a second

> View over 200 data points collected every 1/10 of a second during the flight

Is there some significance to these numbers (20 seconds and 30 seconds of data) or is that just an attempt at "big numbers sound good"?
It would be petty.

Your example would be greedy and petty, and a couple other words.
Ultra Deep look at Messier 81 and 82
I said "arbitrary door to an arbitrary door", not "from a few blocks away from your starting point to a few blocks away from your destination".

> What about the scenario where public transit is actually decent?

I would love to have that world. My comment was making it clear that it's reasonable to not choose public transit while we don't have that world, and that it's reasonable to have high expectations on public transit rather than being willing to make do.

Yes, in a world in which we have public transit that is not any slower to use than cars are today, requires no additional walking, requires no additional hassle, and is clean and comfortable, many people will stop preferring cars.
Go into settings and switch to Flat Earth mode.
Totally. Rasa (https://github.com/RasaHQ/rasa) is an open source chatbot platform.

It allows you to setup "Input Channels" e.g. slack telegram, and has an intents and response pipeline.

It leverages pre-LLM NLU models (NLTK, BERT, etc.) to score intents and based on that intent it will automate a pre-configured response.

My implementation allows you directly route (or fallback to) to GPT-3 or GPT-4 via Langchain document retrieval. So essentially this is an example of a knowledgebase customer support bot.

I hope that makes sense, let me know if not!
OpenMarketplace – first fully open source Multi-Vendor Marketplace engine
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What sets OpenMarketplace apart is its focus on providing a marketplace-focused eCommerce platform, which is becoming increasingly important in the eCommerce world. OpenMarketplace offers developers a flexible environment to build an outstanding marketplace experience with ease. The platform is entirely open-source, which means that developers can customize it to their specific needs, and its compatibility with Sylius and Symfony allows for easy extension of its functionality.

OpenMarketplace is also highly adaptable, making it a perfect fit for businesses of all sizes. It's a great choice for eCommerce businesses seeking to create a marketplace with ease, and it's entirely free to use. Join the OpenMarketplace community on Slack or check out the source code on GitHub to learn more about this exciting platform that's revolutionizing the eCommerce industry.
Screen space reflections that are clipped depending on what is directly visible are at the top of my "hard to unsee" list.
I appreciate your strife, but at the same time this doesn’t really speak to your original assertion, that academic politics are particularly “vicious”. Moreover, you haven’t linked the purported viciousness to the stakes being low. Actually, your post seems to argue the opposite; that academics hold in their hands the lives and futures of students. How are the stakes low?
I’m guessing you are probably the author, so I will engage with you here in the outdated comments incase you look at them from time to time.

In this post I felt that you held back what you are really trying to say to the extent that it rendered the piece meaningless. You just spilled 800 words worth of ink on the same vacuous platitudes you seem to accuse companies of.

So I am curious what the real message here is. What change do you want?

Companies didn’t arrive at the culture of giving workers more perks, independence, respect, etc. for no reason. CEOs don’t wake up and think “You know we should be nicer”. No it was through competition. Companies spent recent years fighting for talent and talent could make choices so they chose companies that best fit their lifestyle, represented them, actualized them, and so on. We get paid very well so salary is not the chief concern, other things are.

Maybe as we enter more austere times we’ll see a shift. Certainly Elon’s behavior hasn’t gone unnoticed. But I think your advocacy for _whatever_ should be clarified so it can be properly critiqued.

That would lead to a more interesting article.
Is bribery legal when the two parties are entirely private entities (not law enforcement, not publicly listed, etc)? Is it still illegal if you own the entity?

Presumably it would often be tax fraud, but an intangible assets maybe not so much?

Aren’t intangible assets and ‘horse trading’ the fundamental underpinnings of politics?
Because HN doesn't have opinions on things. You're reading the opinions of individuals who frequently disagree with each other, and the groups of individuals commenting differ from post to post. Why does this need explaining so often?

FTR I personally think that training commercial ML algorithms on bulk data produced by people that haven't released it to the public domain or licensed it for such use is ethically dubious (regardless of the legality) whether the data consists of code, art, metrics or anything else.
Interesting to see here how different people discover Bruegel... I did so through Michael Frayn's entertaining "Headlong", a caper about an academic unsuited to subterfuge who thinks he's discovered a masterpiece. (Some of the Goodreads reviews are less favourable on the slabs of research which the author provides - I found it interesting but admittedly have forgotten much of it since reading the novel many years ago...)
So many copyleft people writing about their copyrights feels... weird.
Not sure about the M2, but here's one for the M1 Pro/Max: https://www.anandtech.com/show/17024/apple-m1-max-performanc...

For whatever reason, it isn't so easy to find real-world memory bandwidth results for consumer stuff; it's a fairly standard benchmark for server hardware, but less so for consumer. Here's one for an old Ryzen 9: https://www.anandtech.com/show/14605/the-and-ryzen-3700x-390..., but couldn't find anything current offhand.
How Capabilities Work in Austral
Main page says trial is 7 days. License page says 14 days. Either way, the option of a trial is nice.

Also I think this software is Windows only.
People share arts because they want to help other humans grow too, not the AI.

Also the code is the end product. Similarly, artists don't share their project file because it’s not the point. This is like saying programmers not sharing their vim macros.
I appreciate the feedback. I didn't realize they were acting on it. Would Rasa-LLM sound as compelling?
Behaving unauthentically is a form of masking that some of is learn to do because we receive the msssage that certain behaviour is not accepted.
It's also at risk of some teenager with a drone making an open source competitor because they are annoyed that there's no Linux version.
I worked on this for the library of Uni Würzburg when I was a student. Pretty cool to see it on HN.

We worked on high quality scans, processing Terabytes of raw image material using Akka (this was around 2012 I think) and also created pipelines for performance OCR at scale on these scans. Doing this on Fraktur and medieval minuscule scripts was tricky and we didn't get really good results during my time there.
Good point.

It both cases the existence of a crime depends on how closely the two actions are related. If you literally gift something to someone with zero expectation of getting anything in return and later that other person happens to do something which benefits you. It's impossible to prove that is bribery. There has to be a strong connection the money and the action.

There is a similar principle with blackmail. There has to be a strong connection between the money and the inaction.

It's interesting to note that in both cases, a transfer of money usually causes harm to external third parties who are not aware of the transaction. It would be better for society if people did not accept bribes and if people did not yield to blackmail (e.g. if they just went to jail instead of continuing whatever they were doing which made them the target of blackmail in the first place).
the preexisting firmware installs the bootloader, unless you mount the memory chips directly to your pc.
There is also an assumption in the paper that the information would be released without the blackmail, and that blackmail is just a commercial-option to 'stop' the information release for the benefit of both parties.

This is wrong for at least two reasons:

1. The information may not have been released because the secret-holder did not have an incentive to release it, however in a 'blackmail-legal' world there is now a new incentive to threaten to release the information.

2. If blackmail is illegal, it also incentivises others to go and find secrets that they can then exploit for money/sex/other.

Paper even resorts to effectively calling Sam a facist at one point because he is against the free market(!). I think the below excerpt of the paper sums up the papers (radical) free-market views:

> Altman asserts that "charging poison victims who face imminent death more for medication than one would charge less desperate purchasers of the same drug exploits their hardships." [however] he doesn't seem to realize that those societies which allow free enterprise [...] are far more likely to have medicines that will save lives than ones which embrace socialism, regulationism, interventionism and [which represent] the fascist model favored by Altman.

I didn't know the idea that you shouldn't charge someone who is poisoned more for antidote was considered fascist or even particularly socialist!
Show HN: Garph – fullstack GraphQL framework for TypeScript
I bought a laptop from Dell and found the Windows install had been tampered with; there were all sorts of adware and trial software installed. Luckily, since the boot loader wasn't locked, I could install my own, clean OS.
> Flight Reader can be installed on any computer running Windows 8.1 (or higher). It can also be run on a Mac with Parallels Desktop or VMware Fusion (free for personal use). You'll need to install Google Earth if you'd like to view the KML files generated by Flight Reader.

Yeah, most people would call that Windows only
Those wondering why it is named so[0]:

> The word anhinga comes from a'ñinga in the Brazilian Tupi language and means "devil bird" or "snake bird".[2] The origin of the name is apparent when swimming: only the neck appears above water so the bird looks like a snake ready to strike.

[0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anhinga
Hey folks,
We just released Garph 0.5

Garph enables you to build end-to-end type-safe GraphQL APIs using TypeScript.
It aims to provide the best possible DX for GraphQL.

Changelog:

- Updated the React-client
- Added GraphQL Subscriptions
- Cursor-based pagination
- Included Relay building blocks (nodes, edges, connections)
- Additional type-safety for resolvers
- Updated Documentation
Having read through it I was disappointed in their decision to barely to engage with the potential solution to the paradox that would result from the development of a legal construct of “criminal coercion”, they touch on coercion a few times but don’t dig in as they’re not focused on suggesting such a thing (it’s certainly not their job to as the authors they are free to decide the remit of their paper after all)

… but I feel the concept of “criminal coercion” is a powerful potential fix to a lot of modern problems. If one party has sufficient power via any means that they can coerce and control their other party, at some point (the hard part is deciding where this point is) the coercive nature switches from being “normal life in a capitalist society under the rule of law” (a phrase I’m using to try and cover all the forms of coercion that we kind of have to live with, eg cops and the law) to being “criminal coercion”.

There’s obviously a massive argument as to what the cut off should be, but the concept is simple and feels morally justified which is a good start.
For laptops, it's a solved issue: https://puri.sm/posts/anti-interdiction-update-six-month-ret....
Well ... that depends a lot on where you want to be hired. There is tons of companies which are not at all that interesting like the latest startup but deliver awesome stuff all the time. IMHO, there is not a correlation between developer technology and delivering awesome stuff. There is a correlation between management style and mental capability to delivering awesome stuff.

I mean obviously we all have to move ourselves from "Fortran boring" to "Java boring" every decade or two, but being un-hirable because of "Java boring" is not a thing.
Just wait until you find out what happens when you try to build something on ‘your land’
> Yes, you need the protection.

You lost me there. This is the fundamental problem with Scrum; this type of paternalism where "programmer" is a synonym for "idiotic code monkey", borderline autistic who isn't capable of dealing with demand from the outside. And all programmers are the same, all organisations are the same and all type of development work is the same. Everywhere. If only we would be doing "Agile" right.
Using 36” gas chainsaw is legal, and performing surgery is legal. Yet I am prosecuted for gross malpractice — how can this be? /s
You look at the problem from principles, while I look for the outcomes.

When to the third point - well, it is up to the author, and I respect that (regardless if I would do the same thing). People have the right to not share it at all, or share it as a copyrighted piece of software, or with any other limitations. Though, all limitations (and copyleft is a limitation) affect its usage.
You might be interested in the library ZagJS, which has components for React, Vue, and Solid. I came across them in my search for a component library for my team. The docs are pretty impressive. React Aria edged it out simply due to the kind of components it had available.

edit: grammar
People do the same with flash drives and hard drives which report more storage space than available.

Scam products will always exist. What makes phones so incredibly different from laptops, desktops, hard drives, cars (where people may claim false mileage numbers), or any other product category with specs which can be faked?

And why is the solution to lock the boot loader, rather than implementing some tamper evidence system? Show a "This phone has been tampered with!" screen on boot if the boot loader has been unlocked, problem solved.
Having read through it I was disappointed in their decision to barely to engage with the potential solution to the paradox that would result from the development of a legal construct of “criminal coercion”, they touch on coercion a few times but don’t dig in as they’re not focused on suggesting such a thing (it’s certainly not their job to as the authors they are free to decide the remit of their paper after all)

… but I feel the concept of “criminal coercion” is a powerful potential fix to a lot of modern problems. If one party has sufficient power via any means that they can coerce and control their other party, at some point (the hard part is deciding where this point is) the coercive nature switches from being “normal life in a capitalist society under the rule of law” (a phrase I’m using to try and cover all the forms of coercion that we kind of have to live with, eg cops and the law) to being “criminal coercion”.

There’s obviously a massive argument as to what the cut off should be, but the concept is simple and feels morally justified which is a good start. It’s not perfect but it’s a good start at least, unlike the “let’s just make blackmail legal because… etc..” attitude that keeps coming up in the paper.
Maybe because the main users of HN are software developers and their work is used to train Copilot while probably a minority is creating images used to train MidJourney / StableDiffusion. A question of whether one's own work is used for this purpose or whether one is only a beneficiary.
I reckon it’s a mistake. Hiding scrollbars dynamically is unpleasant, and the degenerate cases like `position: fixed` seen on this particular page make it very unpleasant.

Embrace what the web exposes. Allowing document scrolling underneath is distinctly the lesser of two evils. With a bit of effort, you can block scrolling underneath in almost all cases, and I reckon that’s good enough and much better than what there is currently. (Also try asking browser makers, “y’know this ‘top layer’ thing you made for <dialog> modal presentation and fullscreen? Wouldn’t it be nice if we could prevent scrolling underneath a ::backdrop?”)
https://www.fantasticfiction.com/j/erica-jong/isadora-wing/
I played this game to death on my megadrive (genesis) and now occasionally plate third strike.

So amazing to see a bit of street fighter history and funny I'd never noticed Ken's jaundiced eyes and teeth!
Yes it sounds better and less confusing.
It's handled pretty well by uBlacklist, and the open source blocklist approach works better in this case.
Parent said “work, data, journal, etc.” should be public domain. I presume “etc.” would mean patents as well.
They charge you out the nose even to do small upgrades. $200 for bumping the SSD from 256GB to 512GB and $200 to go to 16GB RAM. You can easily find brand name good PCIe Gen 4 2TB NVMe drives for less than $200 now.