skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
You raise good points! Ultimately the technical distinction between a specification and programming language comes down to the existence or not of a compiler. Imagine if Python came out in 1960, but without anybody building a Python interpreter. People would consider it a spec language.

(Also, lots of spec languages are weaker than programming languages, to make verifying them easier. IIRC mcrl2, FDR, and Promela all fall under this category.)

I still think there are practical differences, though, between a language designed for the purposes of specification and one designed for implementing programs. TLA+ has temporal predicates and cross-state nondeterminism because it makes modeling at a high-level easier, even though it makes programmatic implementation harder. That leads to different design decisions through the language.

More importantly to the OP, thinking of them as fundamentally different is useful because they draw on different inspirations. It could be that PLs and SLs converge later, but their origins and lineages are still different. And that's interesting and worth studying.

I don't think talking about ur-languages is as useful as talking about archetypes: "ur-" to me implies "the original", and that's a hard thing to do. TFA has some ur-s like self that aren't the original, but still are useful as archetypes. Off the top of my head, the archetypes of formal speciifcation would be

* Temporal Logic (LTL, CTL, TLA)

* Relational algebra (Z, B, Alloy)

* Guarded Command Language (Promela, SPIN)

* Process Calculi (CSP, FDR)

* Labelled Transition Systems (Petri Nets, mclr2)

* Just drawing a diagram and figuring out the semantics later (UML)

* Abstraction over an existing programming language

This is all real messy, and I see lots of overlapping concepts and unclear cases. Are state machines their own thing, part of LTS, or an implementation detail of the specification approach? Should we be distinguishing between the mathematical formalisms and the languages themselves? What about the vaster world of specifying code and not designs? etc etc etc
IMHO "picking a globally-unique username that will never be taken anywhere unless someone is explicitly trying to steal your identity" is an important little rite of adulthood in the modern world.
I mean, read the article, the author is concerned about that, and wants Google to open source more so it's not just Facebook's lama that gets open source building on it.
How to Use Hex Magic
Kiss of death
I thought this was a good one this week but didn't get popular.

https://huyenchip.com/2023/05/02/rlhf.html
Siemens left nuclear behind mostly because they realised what a money-pit it is when they were partners on the EPR project. The decision to sell off happened before Fukushima and the sale happened 7 days after Fukushima.

Turning on reserve coal power plants for unreliable French nuclear reactors does not help climate either. Germany meets its ambitious goals for expansion of renewables, while France fails the goals for keeping old nuclear reactors running, constructing new nuclear reactors and building out renewables.
To use si units, a small handful of quibbles.
Or to Redmond/Bellevue/Kirkland/Issaquah (suburbs of Seattle).
It's not even that it's not automatable, it's just that it follows a completely different control scheme and path than DNS.

for 99.99% of cases when a domain is pointed at me and I want to serve an SSL certificate for it, I can answer an HTTP-01 challenge. Needing to orchestrate a DNS challenge will always be a more complicated external thing.

HTTP challenge (and TLS-ALPN) are in-band, DNS is out-of-band.
Wow, if they were conscripted that makes the story even worse.

Even so, they had a choice about using the loaded weapons.
I think it’s not so binary. Defaults and friction matter, so the design of platforms shapes the content in fundamental ways where it may be hard to imagine the alternatives.
https://www.moneysavingexpert.com/savings/savings-accounts-b...

Chip app with 3.71%
I don't get your point. The index is mostly non Google companies, and has returns matching Google's share price. Hence the other index components have had share price movements comparable to Google. So judged by share price alone Sundar has had a performance on par with the average CEO of the other companies in that index.
> But like I said: the alternative is both more descriptive and avoids the issue

What issue? Dark is used in the sense that the tactics are hidden. As in, you can't see stuff in the dark.

The real issue here is people automatically conflating every usage of the words dark or black with race. Not everybody sees the world through the lens of race. In fact, you'll find the light vs the dark theme was used in cultures all over the world, not stemming from racism but from the fact that you conceal evil deeds in the night when it's dark outside[0].

[0]: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-and-white_dualism
As somebody with autism and a history of cannabis abuse I'm curious to read more about this. Any pointers on where I could start?
The doc was written a bit ago.
This is often raised as a caveat when a business does something anti-consumer.

Maybe it's worth accepting that businesses will not behave as you expect.
Thank you. I did not know this.
Brian Chesky's mom said, ‘You’re not an entrepreneur, you’re unemployed’
Interesting acceleration of technology.

It's been possible for decades for people to build/buy and fly their own planes.
Nowadays it's possible for an individual to put up a satellite or get a chip made. I wonder if in the future kids will achieve fusion.
Not really: hhttps://leah.is/posts/scaling-the-mastodon/
They just got 6 times the normal requests:
https://chaos.social/@ordnung/110312089838674624
> It's likely they will all be free in time. That's kind of the problem underlying the consternation here.

That what I was getting to. Paid only makes sense if you're willing to provide stuff that OSS lacks, which is either "super specialized things not many people want to OSS" or, well good looking UI... (there seem to be massive lack of any UI/UX people vs developers in near anything OSS).

AI is neither so it will be commoditized and mostly run in few OSS projects, and probably for the best, the only thing worse than anyone having access to "near free copywriter bot that will write about anything you tell it to" is only people with money having access and control over it.
> Okta has negative churn (as reported in their earnings)

Churn means they lost customers. So negative churn means that they gained customers? I looked in the last four quarters and it said they gained customers each quarter.

Do you have a source for your claim?

Disclosure: I used to work for Okta, but I don't anymore.
If you bothered to click on the article before commenting, you would know that Mercedes gives customers the option to buy it outright or pay a subscription.
Sure, even that's a luxury, but cars already have a display for audio, and it makes sense to have an in-built nav system (would be great if you could simply select the mapping/nav software from a list like a: goog, b: apple, c: OSM, and have it only do directions). This reduces the need for a 2nd, handheld or mounted device which has the potential for increased distraction. Navigation is a core function of travel, which is the primary purpose of a vehicle.
Population Decline Will Change the World for the Better
Because they all moved to Reddit or Tiktok or Instagram. These are the new drugs in the hood and they kick much harder than boring old Zuck's stuff.
Answer: performance.

Scannerless parser grammars, especially with GLR, are extremely flexible and a pleasure to write. They are the "DWIM" of parsers. But you pay a high price in performance for that flexibility.

Since programming language grammars don't tend to change much, by the time you have a production compiler it's usually worth your time to switch to a split lexer/scanner in order to get that extra performance.
Even worse - if you pay for the subscription and then later sell the car, you don't get anything back and the next owner doesn't get the feature unless they pay as well.

If you pay to have it permanently, you can probably recoup some of the cost when you sell. (Unless Mercedes does something so that the feature is gone once you sell, which I wouldn't put past them)
Enarx/wasmcloud are pretty similar to this, and are being supported by the Linux Foundation. This design also doesn't solve supply chain issues: fundamentally you don't have a way of telling if the bytes you're running in the enclave, even though they were attested to be what was supplied by the developer, are free of supply chain backdoors. You would have attestations that you are running SolarWinds, not that the SolarWinds software you're running is free of vulnerabilities. Transiently hacking machines is also really APTs need for network penetration, since once you do that you achieve network persistence on different boxes or escape the attested services to some priviledged Exchange server on the LAN.
That's because works created by the US Government are public domain (at least within the US).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_t...
> There's a really interesting line of research that suggests Schizophrenia is a spectrum, rather than a binary.

I don't think it was ever considered binary. Rather, previously the variance was explained in terms of discrete subtypes and comorbidities. I guess now the field is moving toward a model that is more fluid and away from a rigid ontology, at least to the extent the ontology deigned to reflect distinct pathogeneses.

I'm tempted to believe that there's an improved appreciation that progression isn't inevitable, and can be halted with management. But whatever assumptions the literature made on that score (and I'm not familiar with the literature), I'd bet most patient clinicians have always appreciated this. Understanding the why's and how's was always and still remains the problem.
We've actually observed the opposite at our company. Moving from a Python 3.8 built-in to Docker based changed our response times from about 40ms to 30ms on average.
It’s a free market they can do what they want.
What about the next 500 easy-to-fix bugs?

Is there a public test suite?
I wrote a whole gist about this exact thing!!!!

https://gist.github.com/Hellisotherpeople/45c619ee22aac6865c...
The original LISP was a language and its implementation. It was also documented - see for example the LISP 1 manual and other publications about it. From that a series of languages evolved, which shared the original core (syntax, data structures, operators, ...) That's what I would consider the core Lisp language family. Most of these languages will have 'Lisp' in its name.
My point was that a ban on content distribution/production via the internet will require heavy handed measures to be effective. The cost of regulating the internet is relatively high. The ban on minors drinking alcohol is illustrative. You must now produce a state issued ID. You must show your ID containing personal information to a stranger. Your data may be recorded as many stores require scanning the ID and for you to input your birthday. Now a profile has been created about what your private purchases are.

Likewise, on the internet, for a ban to be effective, heavy handed measures will have to be implemented. For example, a legal apparatus for effective policing and enforcement will grow in power against citizens, edge nodes of a country's internet border will be monitored, personal information and identity will be stored and tracked, etc. The internet has many uses so even if you do not like porn, I think a porn ban specifically will adversely effect people's free speech rights. That is not necessarily true for other types of bans.
>Does it change your perspective that this was aimed at a private audience?

Was it? Someone leaked the article to the press. Per the article, someone granted permission to publish the leak. I'm assuming that someone had standing to give said permission, either from Google Research or being the author. I can see a scenario when someone intentionally 'leaks' in order to put something in the public sphere without attribution. Perhaps I'm too uncharitable or too cynical.

Still, I find the underlying argument too simplistic.

At $WORK, we have some $SOFTWARE that certain $CLIENTS run on Windows Server. It would be cheaper if they ran it on Linux. I have good confidence it would work the same, and we could test with the typical deployment patterns. The typical $CLIENT attitude is to not even think about this ("We don't have anyone to manage a Linux deployment, and $$client of $CLIENT wouldn't even hear of Linux, we barely got a current deployment plan approved").

Arguing that Open Source Linux could do everything that Windows Server can or that Linux development speed is higher wouldn't do anything to change their mind - it's based on other factors, and even if we finally got past that there would be ROI to consider (compared to other things that could be done in the same time).
Remote start is extremely popular in cold or very hot climates so that the car feels nice when you get in.
I feel like people miss the point of cars like Mercedes/BMW/Audis

All of those cars are essentially badge cars - i.e you pay more for the badge that shows that you have money and are able to pay more for the cars. Nobody buys those cars because they are better at commuting than other cars. So subscription services is natural for this type of market.
It's not about proving ownership, if it was about proving ownership we would do this via something at the registrar level.

It's about proving /control/. If a domain name is pointed to me (my IP/CNAME) I control it and it is reasonable to allow that person to issue an SSL certificate for a domain (or subdomain) under their control. If you, as the domain owner, want to restrict that, CAA exists as your tool to do so.
They already posses the capability to perform to the implied specifications with or without that $60/mo.
Hence why the new voting ID laws. Under which, to everyone's shock and surprise, Tory-leaning pensioners are exempt.
My father was a mental health social worker. He worked with youths, mainly teens. In his experience the vast majority of teens that ended up in his hospital had some drug fueled episode that led to their mental health crisis.

He told me that he didn't think the drugs caused the mental illness but we're often the trigger. That is these kids already had a mental illness that had not started to present symptoms until it was triggered.

My father was not opposed to drug use. He had a history of recreational drug use and many of his life long friends are heavy marijuana users. So I don't think this observation came from an anti drug bias.
Trams did in fact go to farmland, a century ago.
It depends what wore out.

Brakes and tires? That's on the consumer.

Higher warranty claim rate due to the higher motor output? That's on Mercedes. But only during the warranty period. And if they have any sense they've modeled out that additional wear and now how much it costs (they need it to correctly price a subscription too).

Chances are they've over-engineered the car so there aren't (many) additional warranty clams. So any argument that you get savings passed to the consumer are likely incorrect. The buyer pays for a chassis/brakes/etc that can handle 500hp even if they only want the 300hp version.
How Much Should My Chihuahua Weigh?
Sure, and so did helpful websites are quite old as well, but nothing is quite as prolific and consolidated as stackoverflow and github. The metric seems to be about subjective relevance not originality.
But the point is not to kill commercial software because then OSS will die too because people will have to find other jobs
You think you're paying less? You sweet summer child. You're paying for that hardware, they just charge the other folks twice for it.
Do you have a public test suite so we can see how solid your protocol is?
You asked me to clarify what I felt they were lacking. I was pretty explicit about the fact that this was my opinion based upon my previous experience working at .NET shops and using C#. So no, I am not kidding.

What in your opinion makes .NET so well designed?
> Even people using 2FA are probably storing the passwords on the phone via a password manager.

Yes, but this is the reason that password managers encrypt your other passwords with a master password, rather than a master biometric. The master password is still the "something you know" factor.
GPT-4 is so much better for complex tasks that I wouldn't use anything else. Trying to get 3.5 to do anything complicated is like pulling teeth, and using something worse than 3.5... Oof.

TBH this feels like cope from Google; Bard is embarrassingly bad and they expected to be able to compete with OpenAI. In my experience, despite their graph in the article that puts them ahead of Vicuna-13B, they're actually behind... And you can't even use Bard as a developer, there's no API!

But GPT-4 is so, so much better. It's not clear to me that individual people doing LoRa at home is going to meaningfully close the gap in terms of generalized capability — at least, not faster than OpenAI itself improves its models. Similarly, StableDiffusion's image quality progress has in my experience stalled out, whereas Midjourney continues to dramatically improve every couple months, and easily beats SD. Open source isn't a magic bullet for quality.

Edit: re: the complaints about Midjourney's UI being Discord — sure, that definitely constrains what you can do with it, but OpenAI's interface isn't Discord, it has an API. And you can fine-tune the GPT-3 models programmatically too, and although they haven't opened that up to GPT-4 yet, IME you can't fine-tune your way to GPT-4 quality anyway with anything.

"There's no moat" and "OpenAI is irrelevant" feel like the cries of the company that's losing to OpenAI and wants to save face on the way out. Getting repeated generational improvements without the dataset size and compute scale of a dedicated, well-capitalized company is going to be very tough. As a somewhat similar data+compute problem, I can't think of an open-source project that effectively dethroned Google Search, for example... At least, not by being better at search (you can argue that maybe LLMs are dethroning Google, but on the other hand, it's not the open source models that are the best at that, it's closed-source GPT-4).
> I suspect that's a pretty non-standard/rarely-used feature though. If you learn SQL you likely won't encounter this

Recursive common table expressions are part of the SQL standard (since 1999) and are quite frequently used to traverse hierarchical data (aka "adjacency list").

It is part of basically all (good) SQL tutorials - at least in the "advanced" part.
If you control a domain's DNS entry but I can serve arbitrary content to users from its servers, who really owns the domain?
Sure, here you go: gather the names of all porn providers, publications, studios, actresses, actors, positions, fetishes, etc. Now analyze search trends. My guess is that if kids want to search for porn, they will do focused search and not type "porn" in google (which sounds ridiculous). My guess is that the sum of searches for that set of queries is the far more representative metric than mere 'porn'.
DNS challenge is required for wildcards on LE at the very least.

But the reason for HTTP is pretty simple - it's extremely easy to implement. You only need to tell your ops to redir a subdomain to your app and you're done, you don't need DNS with API that have narrow enough permission to allow that one team in whole company to generate ACME stuff; most providers ACLs on DNS end at "this client have acesss to that domain via API".
is it ok to unlock this in your car without paying?
I'm sure Warren is totally fine with that. He might be wrong but he has a clear and apparent lifelong interest in tangible assets and owning companies – bitcoin isn't this.
> Linux won in servers and supercomputing, but not in end user computing.

It seems just about every computing appliance in my home runs Linux. Then you have Android, ChromeOS, etc. which are also quite popular with end users, the first one especially. It may not have won, but I think it is safe to say that it is dominating.
> Humans are confidently wrong about all kinds of things all the time

there is a qualitative difference: humans may be wrong about facts because they think they are true, ChatGPT is wrong because it does not know what anything means. You cannot fix that, because it's just the way LLMs work.

For example, if asked about a URL for something, a human may remember it wrongly, but will in general say "I don't know, let me check", while ChatGPT will just spew something.
Concurrent self-assembly of RGB microLEDs for next-generation displays
Satellite megaconstellations are threatening astronomy. What can be done?
Markets which require billions of dollars to compete in are not truly competitive. They may be competitive in a regulatory sense, but not in a practical one. And these markets have huge amounts of regulation as well that limits competition on top of the financial limitations on competition.
> slowing down the entire site

This is mind-blowing. Last I checked, the front page of HN sends tens of requests per second to each link. There are humans who can pack envelopes faster than the typical mastodon server can answer GETs. I'd love to see someone benchmark the top servers for a few seconds to see what it takes to break a reasonable latency SLA.
All their actions have been blatantly obvious for decades. I'm pretty sure the threat of retaliation is what's stopping people from killing billionaires, not the lack of AI.
> When Shopify beings hiring again, they are going to be able to hire talent at a fraction of the price.

What I've been told about Shopify is that they were seen as a good place to get "western" experience before jumping ship (often for folks who couldn't pass the higher bar for US immigration) because they were already not very competitive with companies in the valley.
Nice, I'll have to try this. I was under the impression that it had to be done with something rooted and I just never got around to it.
In the early web (circa 2000 and earlier), search engines were awful so most people used human-curated directories (Yahoo, DMOZ), web rings or links pages to find new web sites to visit. The web rings were organized groups of web sites that linked to each other in a circular fashion and it was normal for every web site to have a links page that linked to similar sites much like you'd still see on a college professor's personal site. I'm familiar with this because I heavily used the web of that era as a pre-teen.

Since search engines are now flooded with automatically generated trash, the solution is probably a return to the old ways this problem was solved before Google.
How about have monthly fee but no ID verify?
> Not sure how you could differentiate

Imgur is an example of social media that pulls this off perfectly. Yes it's still a silly place designed for wasting time rather than personal enrichment, but it doesn't -feel- like other social media does.

Here's the trick: No selfies. No profiles. No follows. You post your meme pseudo-anonymously and hope it makes the central stream. Everything else dies in obscurity.

It's a lot like Hacker News in that way, which is also social media but feels different. Because 99% of the time I don't even read the usernames of who I'm talking to. We live and die on the basis of our ideas, not our identities. Even the famous people.
> Why? Because it moves power away from big tech companies and into the hands of diverse voices to build a social platform that meets people’s needs, not shareholders’ needs.

- Big tech company launching a social network
I'm not an Emacs or GNOME user, but how does it work when Ctrl-A means start-of-line in Emacs and select-all in GNOME?