skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
See https://www.federalreserve.gov/publications/money-and-paymen...

Summary:

> This paper examines the pros and cons of a potential U.S. central bank digital currency, or CBDC, and is the first step in a discussion of whether and how a CBDC could improve the safe and efficient domestic payments system. Money and Payments: The U.S. Dollar in the Age of Digital Transformation (PDF) invites comment from the public. Importantly, the paper does not favor any policy outcome.

> The paper summarizes the current state of the domestic payments system and discusses the different types of digital payment methods and assets that have emerged in recent years, including stablecoins and other cryptocurrencies. It concludes by examining the potential benefits and risks of a CBDC, and identifies specific policy considerations.

> Consumers and businesses have long held and transferred money in digital form, via bank accounts, online transactions, or payment apps. The forms of money used in those transactions are liabilities of private entities, such as commercial banks. Conversely, a CBDC would be a liability of a central bank, like the Federal Reserve.

> While a CBDC could provide a safe, digital payment option for households and businesses as the payments system continues to evolve, and may result in faster payment options between countries, there may also be downsides. They include how to ensure a CBDC would preserve monetary and financial stability as well as complement existing means of payment. Other key policy considerations include how to preserve the privacy of citizens and maintain the ability to combat illicit finance. The paper discusses these and other factors in more detail.
Prompt engineering rather resembles the mentalists' trick of cold reading their subject, turned inside out.
Brute force approaches always hit some wall. ML will be no different. In the decades to come it us quite likely that algorithms will develop in directions orthogonal to current approaches. The idea that you improve performance by throwing gazillions of data into gargantuan models might be even come to be seen as laughable.

Keep in mind (pun) that the only real intelligence here is us, and we are pretty good at figuring out when a tool has exhausted its utility.
Yes, of course there are. You may or may not be able to work remotely on a tourist visa, depending on the country and duration of stay. You may or may not be required to pay taxes where you're working, depending on country. You may or may not be able to do your job there, depending on country (does your job require using data that is regulated in some way? Does your employer have policies regarding data residence?).
It would be improved by a bit of additional editing in The Famous Article.
> working in tech isn't so bad, and that a lot of what I disliked about it could be mitigated from within the profession

Would be nice if you expanded on this. Lots of people glamorize starting fresh, so it'd be refreshing to understand what you did differently.
This is why they’re cutting prices. You’re dead on.

They finally have real competition and they’re having trouble due to weaknesses (even if only perceived) like lack of CarPlay/Android Auto, quality issues, service issues, simple brand loyalty, and being heavily associated with someone many consider toxic. They’re losing their big advantage of being “the” electric car. People are now aware of other options.

If Tesla was as unassailable as some fans claim, they wouldn’t need to cut prices. They could continue to charge the same amount and maintain market share, using the profits to improve things or produce more.

The price cuts signal they’re in real competition. Good. That will improve everyone.
Few-shot learning typically works slightly better than zero-shot learning. Look at tables 3 & 4 in this paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.09210.pdf
Of course, you can do that. It’s the strategy Etsy used, for example. Point still standing, that makes deployments definitely more complex than just „uploading a file“.

And then again, you’ll end up wondering why your servers should waste cycles upon cycles for executing the same bootstrap code over and over again, if they could instead only do that once, keep the app in memory, and only execute the request handling code… and just like that, you’ll end up with Octane, or Swoole, or what-have-you.
I agree! I actually wrote a blogpost about this recently[0], but the TLDR is that ownership is nothing without enforcement, and it has become increasingly difficult to enforce ownership of intellectual property in the modern world — first digital files, then the sharing of those digital files over the Internet, and now generative models that allow people to create high-quality ripoffs of any IP for zero marginal cost. The sheer volume will just be too much to contend with, because you can't sue everyone. In my view, this is a good thing and a long time coming!

[0] https://blog.kaichristensen.com/p/generative-ai-is-the-final...
Agreed. IMO, a naysayer that did their research should have watched the original iPhone intro and would not miss the slide where Steve Jobs says "iPhone runs OS X", with a list of all the features they "got for free". You wouldn't have to know much about Apple to also realize the amount of software they'd already written that could be adapted to a mobile format and the advantage they would have over the competitors (Nokia, Blackberry and Microsoft with their existing Windows Mobile OS).
Please don't post easily refutable lies.

Camry MSRP is $26,220
Model Y is $46,990

I would give you the benefit of the doubt that perhaps you're not using US prices and Camry's might be 76% more expensive where you live, but I doubt it.
The Vowel Space [video]
Sorry, but this is an incredibly ignorant comment. If you can say "the bear is vegetarian", you are most likely able to say "I am vegetarian", too. Everyone of those silly sentences contains words you may or may not need and grammar that you may or may not need. To dismiss those sentences as useless is short-sighted.
If your brain is hurt to that degree on either side, you are unlikely to be able to continue to fight. Evolution doesn’t usually work to offset unusual events like this. It is more about optimizing operations on a daily basis.
> There is still an order of magnitude more organic text.

Posing this as a thought experiment, agree we still have more data to go. That we are wondering about this suggests that the current approach may be inadequate, i.e. it should not take petabytes of data for a LLM to match the performance of a high school student (for the LLM = AGI folks).

> One "simple" application would be to build a full index of facts in the whole training corpus. Just pass each document to GPT and ask it to extract the facts.

Agree, KG+LLM is a good next step to explore and should address some hallucination issues (see DRAGON from Leskovec and Liang groups). But we're already now talking about architectural changes as I posited.

In any case, where do we get such knowledge graphs (or index of facts)? Some already exist (e.g. Wiki, UMLS) and were created by humans but are clearly inadequate in coverage.

The proposition of using GPT-like models to generate these (i.e. GraphGPT) seems conceptually flawed as GPT does not itself know if a statement is factual or not which is problematic even for humans.

Settled vs controversial is orders of magnitude more complex, how on earth do we do this without human annotation? You can't rely on frequency (i.e. some things were facts for 100 years but all of a sudden they're not anymore and this is not controversial by definition).

The only reason LLMs work as well as they do now is because sheer volume of data (and NTP) makes the noise seem hidden and by definition an autoregressive model should be somewhat impervious to singular factoids (vs a model being grounded by the garbage dump that is CommonCrawl/the internet).

> At least the model won't hallucinate outside the known facts.

Not sure this is a given, even if a model acts as a natural language database of factoids it is probable that it will hallucinate links unless you're strictly grounding output in which case we've just built a colossally over-engineered IR/STS tool.

> One "simple" application

I think what you've posited is actually harder to build than anything that's been achieved thus far with LLMs.
I have the firm opinion that Duolingo is not only worthless for learning a second language, but has negative benefit value. If language learning is measured on a positive scale from 0 (know nothing of it) to n, with Duolingo it is possible to dip into the negative numbers.

I've seen this in my own children. My daughter wants to use it occasionally, because it's like a video game. "Papa, look how long I've had the streak going!" but as that number of days climb into the high double digits, she knows less than what someone would know after their first week of a public school class. And I have no flattering opinions of public school, either.

It's Greek lessons are bizarre. I once saw a multiple choice quiz where it asked what the alpha character (the font made it obvious, just the single glyph) was... and the four possible answers were "alpha", "a", "Aay", and (phrase) "the ah sound in caught" (might be misremembering this, but definitely a phrase).

What sort of nonsense is that meant to be? How is that not more confusing?

What it never did was ever show or teach the Greek alphabet. You never learn the counting numbers. You never learn to conjugate verbs.

Other languages are no better, best I can see. If I had to guess, I would think the app is some sort of CIA-inspired conspiracy to prevent Americans from ever learning a language other than English. It pathologically horrible, impossible to describe without sounding melodramatic.
They filter and clean huge amounts of freshwater.

LOL, good one.
I spent 3 hours today carefully “engineering” a complex prompt. I ran it on a loop, then fed the results back in to my database.

The 3 hours I spent has saved my business ~$15k in costs.
Are compilers a scam as well?

There exists a program every problem you have, you just have to find the code.
>After that, we got to use reinforcement learning (agent GPTs with tools) to generate and self-validate more examples.

How would you "self-validate" against hallucinated facts?

What makes self-validation possible are hard external rules that can be evaluated independently and automatically. Like the rules of Chess or Go.

We don't have anything like that for LLMs and what people want to use them for.
Oh I would second this recommendation. I really really liked logicomix! I hope they make another about computer science!
It’ll be hard for SMIC to do too many crazy things without being able to get ASML machines, though.
We already have both systems running in parallel. Many researchers post PDFs immediately. Then they go through the process of trying to get them into a journal. Both have advantages. While the peer review and typesetting process of publishing in a journal has many issues, the changes generally make the papers better. It's usually easier to read the final published version than an early preprint.

It's not just inertia that keeps scientists using the old journals. Anyone can issue a preprint. The material that ends up in the journal is usually the better material. The filtering helps and so does the editing. The filtering may be flawed, but it's better than nothing.
Which more prosperous country? Are you also comparing median salaries after graduation in that country? How do the numbers shake out 10 years after graduation?

Anyone who went to community college and makes the median wage ($69,717) in America is doing way better financially than someone who went school for free in France and makes median wage (€22,140). There's really no contest on prosperity for college grads even when you include ridiculous student loans (median for US: $22K).
> I say burn all of mosquitos every single one to ashes.

Mao tried exactly the same. It didn't ended exactly according to plan.

But please, don't let your ignorance about biological ecosystems to stop you and try it. I need the laughs.
At the bottom of the page:
> Don’t forget to update your copyright date on New Year’s Day.

Is this intended as a joke? Or does updating a copyright notice on a webpage actually serve some legal purpose?
The point is, if emissions are steady state for a bit more than 20 years, the amount of CH4 remains constant. It will be removed from the atmosphere at the same rate it is added. It takes centuries or more for CO2 to reach equilibrium.

Indeed, this means most of the warming you get from emitting a molecule of CH4 is after it has decayed to the more stable CO2. Of course, sharp increases in methane are of concern for dynamic effects, from things like permafrost thaw.
It seems akin to SEO experts identifying as engineers. Can we just call them experts or wizards if they want to be fantastical.
It’s hard to say because we haven’t seen the glasses. If someone gives me a pair and they’re an order-of-magnitude quality improvement over previous VR sets, maybe they’ll be right. There is certainly some level of AR/VR hardware that would be amazing enough that the space takes off, it’s just that we haven’t seen it yet.

That’s where the iPhone was in 2008: order-of-magnitude improvement over every previous smartphone. The author of this piece recognized that and didn’t even dispute it; they just thought that Windows Phone would somehow be better (for nebulous reasons.) It wasn’t. The reasons for that might be worth discussing.
I hadn’t heard it before, but it’s perfect and I’ll use it henceforth!
There is not much you can do on the client-side either unless everybody is prepared to do a code-audit on every device after every update.
They dont want to figure it out cuz they want to be them.
Or in other words they want attention too.

Which is why telling them don't participate in the attention economy doesn't work very well.

Veblen's Theory of the Leisure Class written hundred years ago makes the distinction between Leisure|Consumption and CONSPICUOUS Leisure|Consumption.

It looks like a total waste, what say the royal family or the high clergy, is upto day in day out. They are constantly signalling to the rest of the chimp troupe - look at my house - look at my clothes - look at my chariot - look at my hobbies etc etc The value of all that lies in - You want to be like me/us then do what we tell you to do. Usually dirty work.

This looks like it doesn't have value but it does, especially when problems groups face, get complex and keeping the group together/working together gets harder and harder. Non attention seekers dont have a great track record of solving such problems.

The attention seekers have a better shot cuz a large chunk of chimps in the troupe want to raise their own status.

To complicate matters Attention Economy quantified Status (thro the Like/Follower count) And minimized the Cost of Broadcasting Status Signals to 0.

These things happened by accident as networks grew and info exploded. The techbros reacted by builing tools to control the explosion (collecting personal data by giving freebies ie reducing cost to broadcast to 0, counting Likes and Clicks to rank and filter info). So waste (unnecessary status signalling when there is no real complex prob being solved by the kardashians) in such a badly system keeps rising.

Veblen said a 100 years ago an ideal economist is someone who is looking for a way to minimize this waste in the system.
Not particularly, but I have used chat GPT to explain grammatical concepts to me that baffled me before, or that baffled someone else and I, as a native speaker, was unable to explain. Works like a charm - provided a suitable prompt. Only tested with GPT4, can't say much about 3.5.
3-month treasuries pay 5%.
That's a losing social strategy. It always has been. It always will be. People don't remember what you say to them, people remember how you make them feel. Show people that you care by taking their feelings into account when choosing how you act, and how you speak, and they will respond in kind.
> Because so far we've never seen an AI improve based on its own output.

Maybe it's because AI is such an overloaded term, but this is pretty commonplace for (semi-)supervised learning algorithms.

Pseudo-labeling [1,2] is an example of this that has been around for decades. When done properly it does improve the performance of the original model, up to a certain limit (far from the singularity).

Moreover, it is apparently possible to improve a model's performance by augmenting it's training set with synthetic examples generated by a second model [3].

Finally, boosting [4] can also be seen as iteratively leveraging the output of a model to train a slightly better model. In fact, a specific type of boosting often yields state of the art performance on tabular data.

[1] https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.06329

[2] https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/364584/why-does-us...

[3] https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.08466

[4] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boosting_(machine_learning)
My understanding is that https://photopea.com (very handy for basic photoshopesque image manipulation) uses it
I think taxpayers have an interest in whether their tax dollars are getting thrown into a hole, and that the government should avoid loans that will predictably lead to losses with no offsetting social benefits. If you want to counter by calling them selfish for doing so, you're free to see how that works out for your side at the ballet box, I guess. I would guess that most people do not see English literature majors as holding together the fabric of society in the same way as access to housing or food does.
It varies by region what you "should" plant and is worth checking with your local organizations.

University of Minnesota has developed a low maintenance bee mix that's pretty great - mix of fescue, creeping thyme, self-heal, and clover. https://turf.umn.edu/lawn-info/purchasing-seed/bee-lawn-seed

Ours should pretty much take over this year and choke out the rest of the bluegrass. Last year was dramatically better already and it was only half established.
All systems are like that.
Very interesting thought, but, as flat as this response might sound: half of the joy of Bach's keyboard musicnis the fact that articulation, tempo etc are NOT part of the notated musical work.
Sure there are conventions, best guesses, and musical necessities.

But as far as I can understand, Bach considered most of this as the art of performing, cultural education and creativity.

Mind that there was no "touch sensitivity" in harpsichords (only clavichords, a very quiet instrument not suitable for large public performance).

So without the modern piano, players used timing and ornaments to express themselves.

There also is a lot of keyboardb music by Bach in the form of dances (AABB or ABAB mostly), where the player was expected to improvise at least in the repeated parts.

Even the articulation of melodies and themes central to pieces are mostly left to the player (most prominently staccato vs legato vs portato), same with the tempo of the piece.

Of course there were conventions.

And there also some extremely rare exceptions, where e.g. legato is notated in original (?) scripts.

But, TL;DR: I find your idea very interesting, OTOH I think that Bach and people at his time mostly didn't want to write down such "documented expressions".

I might be wrong, I am not a historian, but this is my takeaway from my love affair with Bachs music.

It's not interesting to search for his "hidden train of thought". Plenty of mystification and speculation already exists. It is more interesting to find the different ways in which his music can be sensibly interpreted.
I didn't realize Wordle stopped using the preset answer list that was distributed with the source since its inception. Looking it up, appears to have changed last November.
As the saying goes, "Concerning."

It's almost as if Tesla is being managed by an executive who is distracted, only working the job part time, at a moment when competitors are deeply engaged and laser-focused.

If a junior officer of the company were found to be moonlighting at several other jobs while drawing a full-time salary, they'd be fired on the spot.
> - You can be professional and proud of your job, but your job is not your identity. There is more to you than what you do for a living.

I see this frequently pointed out, as in not introducing yourself by your profession, etc.

But what are you then?

You introduce yourself as an uncle to somebody or a dad?

Yes there are things outside of working, but its a core part of who a person is.
Or meth
Ask HN: American friends life is falling apart badly. What can I do to help?
I am a German university student. Through a hobby project of mine i got to talk to a trans women from Tennessee. She seemed genuinely interested in my project and made valueable contributions. However her capability to contribute has plummeted so i asked her what's up. From what i gathered she works as an independent contractor and was barely making ends meet, then her hours were cut by 10 hours per week and she is in the red and her savings were non existent. I was shocked she has been contributing from an linux environment on her mobile phone!

She can't afford getting enough to eat (!!!), her only phone has a broken touch screen, barely works, her car is slowly dying and dangerous to drive. She has been building and rebuilding a computer at home from discraded parts and it keeps failing.

I am honestly at a loss. She seems smart, really interested, has projects which i find promising and interesting on her GitHub. She has an technical understanding of things and is able to find root causes for strange problems not in her area of expertise. Due to homeschooling and religious upbringing i think she has been denied a formal education. She seems to deeply care about how things work, isn't afraid to learn obscure skills (which is how we met) and cares about building tools which make resources observable and accessable. I have been trying to help her put a resume together by "pair programming" her resume on my PC and me sharing the screen over discord.

Do you have any resources, know any resources, ... anything i could do to help her?

A working laptop, a used phone, an interview for a remote junior position, damn even a big box of hygene products and food would help her. I as a university student am not in a position to support her financially and i am not local enough to meaningfully help. As far as i can tell this fate is through no fault of her own.

I can be reached at johann-tobias(at)xn--schg-noa.de .
Which enabled a higher level of regional and local tyranny.

Edit: The last example I gave up top illustrates the problem. Every iteration of the US government has had local law enforcement. They've always been able to abuse their power, but greater centralized government power has brought about some limited accountability.

I agree the national government should be shrinked a bit, but increasing the state and local government is the wrong way to go. Sub-national government should be shrinked an order of magnitude more than the national government.
During a college internship, I actually debugged an EEPROM corruption issue on a PLC card all the way back to the power supply the original designer had copy-pasted out of the datasheet. The compensation network they had used was definitely not stable, even though it was exactly the same input and output voltages and circuit elements in their diagram and our application.

I've written my fair share of datasheets now, and while most of us are trying to do a good job and be clear and helpful, sometimes the stuff below the spec tables in the datasheet is, uh... less good than we'd like, for any number of reasons (inexperience, no time, someone left halfway through writing the datasheet, someone forgot to clean up copy-paste from the other datasheet with the slightly different thing, etc). I guess my point is: trust, but verify.