skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Businesses generate automated reports. Sometimes these reports are generated with jupyter itself, but the purpose is consumption, not analysis. Jupyter reports are fugly. This works without jupyter, and gives you interactivity.
The question there is how many of the estimated 100,000 software engineers at Microsoft are using Copilot, and what has been their (I'm sure measured) productivity boost. Microsoft does derive some benefit from Copilot being accessible to the paying subscribers of the world from having them give feedback and in free (and paid) press. But the internal use numbers probably easily justify its initial cost to train.

Say Copilot makes an engineer 2x as productive, their all-in salary is $500k to make the math easy, 1,000 MS sw engineers are using it, and Copilot took $5mm to train (GPT-3 took $4.6mm). Those 1k MS employees now being twice as productive are doing the work of an extra 1k people at $500k, or $500 million's worth in a year. That means $5 million in Copilot training costs are paid for in... 4 days. I have no inside information, so those number are all made up, but I'm pretty sure the initial training costs have already been paid off internally.

We also don't know how many multiples of $5mm it took to produce the initial version of Copilot, nor how many subsequent training runs there have been.

Point is, any significant productivity gains made, across an organization the size of Microsoft engineering, easily pays for big expensive training runs.
Ask HN: Are Yearly Subscriptions Hard?
I'm currently working with a large SaaS that wants to implement yearly subscriptions well. We have overages (think: you have N users as part of your subscription, but if you go over, we bill them at $X/user).

Monthly plans are "easy" as they map to Stripe's model. Stripe has "usage records". Plan changes are all handled with prorations, etc. It's great.

Yearly seems a lot more complicated. There doesn't seem to be a Stripe-native way to have invoices for overages being sent at the month end. We have to do a ton of billing date/math, keep track of the overages, of when we billed for them, and create invoices manually. It's a mess. We're trying to write valid, tested, solid code for this... but it feels like we're slowly rebuilding parts of Stripe :-)

Has anyone else gone through this? What's stopping Stripe from handling yearly subscriptions with monthly overage invoices? Are we an edge case [0]? Cheers

[0] I'm being facetious - there are clearly many companies whose business model includes yearly plans + overages-billed monthly. Slack, Zapier, etc.
I don't understand why they wouldn't have raised that money if "there was any thing remotely innovative and defensible about the product"?

What would they have done instead? They still need to fund the operation somehow, and raising money is a good way to build partnerships.
I should have excluded pre-existing neighbour-on-neighbour disputes.
Yep. Also depends on whether it's a 'kei truck' or something larger.

For example, they recently became street legal in North Carolina ( https://www.ncleg.gov/BillLookup/2019/H179 )
From what I understand, the two main drivers are:

- safety standards (eg crumple zones)

- emissions and efficiency regulations that vary with the footprint of the vehicle. Vehicles with larger footprint (= width x length) are allowed to have lower fuel economy numbers, which perversely means that one solution to a truck having poor fuel economy is to make it… bigger.
I've wondered to what extent the death penalty is useful so that people can send an innocent person to life in prison while patting themselves on the back for being so civilized and compassionate that they didn't literally kill them.

As a former engineer and manager whos partner is a lawyer I'll almost certainly never be empaneled to a jury, but I've heard from plenty of people who were.

One instance comes to mind where a (ordinarily) bright coworker returned from jury duty and told me about how they convicted someone of a lesser charge which was logically impossible to be guilty of without being guilty of the more serious charge. The jury were convinced he was innocent but was also convinced that he was a bad dude and it didn't feel right that he'd get off. My understanding is that no one in the jury thought he was guilty of the crimes he was accused of (the lesser or the greater), but the prosecution had successfully (and perhaps rightfully) smeared the accused's character.

I didn't talk about it with him further have hearing his description because I didn't know how to be civil about it, my coworker sent an person to prison who wasn't guilty. Not a jury, but him: 'cause a single person could have hung that jury and he didn't. I get that the social pressure can be intense, and I try to have sympathy for people who are trying to do the right thing in such situations... but... damn.
I believe if the incremental cost is small, the mental load would mostly fade into the background, just as I am aware that there is a cost every time I turn on the lights or the faucet, but it doesn't have a large impact on my usage except that I remember to turn off the lights when I leave a room and don't leave the faucet running when I soap up the dishes.
Some points the author missed:

1. Adenosine, i.e. the sleep molecule affects all outputs of dopamine including the two heterodimers of dopamine D1 and D2 that happen to be combined with Adenosine receptors A1 and A2 and also impacts the two optical computing components the eye itself as its bathed in dopamine and how we detect colored light and the other neuron component of the eye at the back of the human brain.

Okay, so in my ADHD research I got a bit focused on dopamine.
What we can learn about password sharing from Netflix's earnings
Again though, what about the electric company or the linux developer that improves image compression algos? Or if an airport provides free Wifi?

How do all those people and companies "make it right" instead of just going after the creators of filth and evil?
it's all the universe is really, a blip in someone's toy digital clock screen in some other dimension
How Men Make Friends: Hammering Pieces of Wood Together, Plus Power Tools
I disagree. I would be in favor of canceling SLS and Orion even if Starship doesn't exist.

SLS/Orion is simply the wrong architecture, and the wrong strategy. Independent of Starship or not. I have been arguing this since 2017, long before Starship was relevant.
You can disable presidential alerts on most rooted phones.

I have to regularly re-disable alerts because I get a new sim every couple of months - apparently that re-enables them.
The chicken tax was imposed unquestionably as a protectionist measure.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken_tax
This is just a small portion of the people who we have good reason to believe were either unjustly executed by the state or who were executed too quickly to allow for new information to come to light

https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/policy-issues/innocence/execute...

Note that the time between sentencing and executions vary wildly, 6-20+ years, and all of these people deserved to have a second chance to prove their innocence given that now we can see where the legal requirement of guilt "Beyond a shadow of a doubt" might have left these potentially innocent people go free.
No matter the powertrain layout if you lose traction on the front, ie understeer, you need to create a weight shift forward to restore traction.

I've done a couple rally instructional clinics, and one of the introductory drills they spent a fair bit of time on was just a giant circle of cones set up on dirt. You go around it faster and faster until the car breaks free into a slide, then you learn how to control and maintain that slide however you want. All 4 wheels have lost traction but you can still widen or tighten the radius by using weight shifts. Basically, you start steering using the pedals more than the wheel.

So you're not totally screwed if you lose front wheel traction, but this is stuff we don't teach in basic drivers ed classes.
I don't see why you cannot realistically pin JS loads from network to make them deterministic.
I agree with the author on just about all the advantages of Perl. However, I think that python actually now shares the same advantages since almost everybody is using Python 3.x. Perl's greatest strength was its regex library and string handling and Python has stolen everything it could from Perl's regex language and most of its string handling so the advantages of Perl are much diminished now. Python is showing signs of being an absorbing language - like English - any great words that are developed in another language, are stolen by English pretty soon afterwards ..
A bit like Quarto[1] for SQL?

[1] https://quarto.org/
Have you used GPT-4 though? It does have reasoning capabilities, better than a clever human.

LLMs are different, but a bunch of transistors can apply reasoning to chess better than any grandmaster. That's emergent behavior.

But you don't really see anyone today trying to argue that power plants don't have the same muscles as a horse, because it gets the job done.
I like the emphasis tags, it's something that is not seen with a lot of these transformer models.... things like [laughs] makes alot of sense... i could see where hundreds or possibly thousands of emphasis style tags could be added to support a vast array of intonations in human speech. i.e. [yells], [shouts], [cries], [crying], [whispers], [sarcasasm], etc
I think there's room out there for "weird" OSs... but I do agree that a "hobbyist license" doesn't cut it this late in the game.
The interesting thing is Japanese companies generally manufacture cars they sell in America entirely in America, while “American” car companies manufacture their huge polluting machines in Mexico and maybe add one final part in the US so they can claim some work is done in the US. Japanese cars in the US aren’t imported while US cars are.
> I wish more people spoke about their negative experiences with psychedelics

people do. But just maybe 'negative' doesn't mean catastrophically bad, and just maybe bad experiences are in the minority hence the flood of positives. What your post comes across as, to me anyway, is that you want drugs to be a bad thing.

> but the "how" is largely ambiguous

Does it matter? Or are people just not allowed to have a positive thing happen from psychedelics?

You seem to be bringing a mindset to this discussion without apparently considering maybe drugs aren't always that bad. And you may be right, and you may be wrong, but you do seem determined to look on the darker side of things.
Totally true, but it's a shrinking market - even 1password already announced a pivot to passkeys
Serious Language Learning with AI
Great idea, using AI to Pimsleur-ize anything.
I read the article but I feel like I didn't get it. What was the point of this contest? Why were they given some random files that they struggled to even open?
Here you probably mean the innocent wrongfully convicted, but I wonder how an exhaustive appeals process affects the innocent living victims and innocent family members of victims of a rightfully convicted criminal. That they’re forced to relive the trauma of passed crimes again and again every time the death sentence is appealed for over a decade in most cases. It cannot be good for them.

Much better for all involved to reopen a case if and when new evidence of wrongful convictions become convincing enough.
> With inputs and outputs, one could conceptually write and run any software in it.

IO is major caveat though. And there is also real-time to consider.

I've been long wondering if we should define more interesting computer models in addition to Turing machines. Games make interesting milestones as an example; you could define a system to be e.g. "Tetris-complete" if you could run a playable version of tetris on it, or more advanced would be "Doom-complete" and simpler could be "Chess-complete" or "Zork-complete". Each model would imply something about not just pure computation, but the practical capabilities in terms of inputs and outputs and also something about performance. Of course it doesn't need to be games, you could use anything as a basis for a model.
California will not let you register anything that was not sold with California compliant smog equipment (with contemporaneous testing by the state)
I built 2 little reports using Evidence 6 months ago in just a few hours with new data I hadn't interacted with! It was super fun to work at this level of abstraction, because I can spend most of my time thinking about the data and how I want to represent it.

It's a neat mashup of a lot of declarative-style approaches (SQL, ECharts, ~Markdown) glued together elegantly.
> To date, no neural network shows a capacity for reasoning and creativity worthy of an animal level. Current LLMs are autoregressive models that predict the probability distribution of the next token given the set of previous tokens called context:

This part seems unsubstantiated. The author implies that next-token-prediction does not lead to reasoning and creativity "of an animal level". But arguably GPT-4 is already at that level (can your dog predict what a novel Python function would output when it is executed, or write a rap song about autoregressive training where every word starts with the letter "a"¹?).

Regardless of whether GPT-4 is there already, it would certainly be a risky bet to say that it is impossible for a GPT-5 to get to "animal level" (whatever that means) reasoning and creativity while still using next-token-prediction.

As the article points out in the next paragraphs, there is no obvious limitation to next-token-prediction, because making the best prediction requires fully understanding the words in the context, as well as their true meaning and the reason they were written.

Related to creativity, here's a Midjourney image resulting from my spouse prompting "a studious corn snake": https://chris.printf.net/a_studious_corn_snake.png

¹: via GPT-4:

==

(Verse 1)
Autoregressive, arranging, assessing answers,
Adjacent activations, astounding, acting as anchors,
Associating abstracts, analyzing antecedents,
Aptly approximating, articulating, all adjacent aspects

(Chorus)
Astonishing achievements, astounding accolades,
Anomalous arrangements, ascending always,
Audacious algorithms, autoregressive amaze,
Applying ample artistry, as alliteration ablaze

(Verse 2)
Accelerating acumen, anonymous aspirations,
Anecdotal adventures, allegorical animations,
Applied apparatus, assertive applications,
Astral alliterations, assembling aggregations

(Chorus)

(Outro)
Amplified abilities, augmenting atmosphere
Adapting, acclimating, always aiming austere
Autoregressive training, ascending, advocates
Awe-inspiring artistry, as alliteration activates
Electric motors are so reliable it's probably simply not worth it.
Are you charging yearly in advance or charging monthly but on a yearly contract?

To answer your question, yes they are hard, but they make sense from a retention and overall revenue perspective.
The deeper problem is the money people who lead Google have no imagination whatsoever and literally can’t figure out how to make money in anything that isn’t mining user data for ads. Cloud is a money pit, and will NEVER be #1 in the space.

They literally put more effort and resources into rigging ads auctions than trying to solve real user problems.
Something tells me that there is a non-zero chance that it could be Cerebrus Systems.
> In arbitration. Now he's saying he'll take it to court.

Meh. That’s what they all say.
No. Straight from the comments:

Private inheritance means you don’t get the base class interface as your own in the derived class. It is not an “is a” relation. It’s more of a “has a” relation.
First thing that popped up on my mind: do NOT think in terms of what a payment processor can do.

It should be irrelevant what Stripe can do as long as they can process payments for you.

Whether you want to offer yearly subscription should only be a matter of your commercial strategy, ie. does it make sense to offer it for your business?
It’s completely insane. A new Ford Ranger is considered a “compact” pickup truck. Nothing significantly smaller exists. But it is the exact same size as a 2004 F150.
I think the parent was implying most of the extensive process is there in the first place because of the same opponents insisting on them.
Why do you feed deer? They are pests in most areas around people, and overpopulated, as their natural predators are mostly gone.
The idea that the US has lots of mass shooting because of the death penalty (or the reverse for Norway) seems unlikely.
So, recommending content in any of all possible ways is harmful? Or are there some ways that are not harmful (eg filtering out things relating to suicide)?

It's not pedantry without purpose. The logical conclusion to algorithms are bad is the outlawing of all social media and news sites.
https://archive.is/omvYU
I'd hope that a direct report to the top also has the strength of character to call for shutting it down, if it doesn't fly. Or, to respond appropriately to requests to commercialise it, with huge latent risks.

Rushing it out the door in a space race model is probably not a good idea. At this point, the value proposition is moot.

As a client and even paying customer of google I don't want this AI intruded into my product experiences without a big fat OFF switch. Not because of some terminator skynet fantasy: I want an opportunity to discriminate between reality as projected from pagerank and classic NLP algorithms, from the synthetic responses from a model.
Charging yearly in advance.

What we want is monthly invoices that are sent out only if there were overages in that month.

If it did fit Stripe's model, we would just report usage over the year to them through the API, and they would send overage invoices during the year. But they don't do that.
Yes, if you want to reduce recidivism and overall crime it turns out you have to treat criminals like humans. If you want criminals to continue doing crimes after release but have the satisfaction of knowing they were tortured and miserable, like eaten alive by bugs, you do what the USA does.
If you can't even learn SQL what are you doing in a tech company?? Sounds like the kind of company that hires managers that don't understand what their engineers are doing.
Good point. In this case, it makes sense - customers want it, we're happy to give them a rebate for trusting us with their business for a year, etc.
On a general level: PGP is a very difficult ecosystem to integrate correctly and safely[1]. It's also only one of several signing schemes supported by `git`, and arguably the worst of them (in terms of excessive complexity, poor defaults, and format/cipher agility).

More specifically to trusted publishing: the idea is to bind a PyPI project to its source repository (or repositories) for CI-based releases. PGP signatures wouldn't really accomplish this; it'd be closer to using PGP as an authentication system. And at that point you're just doing API tokens but with more steps and a shakier foundation (per above), which PyPI already supports.

An identity provider is a fundamental assumption in trusted publishing; API tokens will continue to work as a "decentralized" alternative if using an IdP is unacceptable for your particular use case.

[1]: https://latacora.micro.blog/2019/07/16/the-pgp-problem.html
Right, but SO did provide a place for it to live and that’s worth something.
I pay for Netflix and barely use it. But the one family member who has my password watches it a bunch. So I don’t feel bad about paying for it at all.
How do you want to define AI? Google's been using ML models to power various Google products for years. Translate was a big switch over, back in 2016, and it powers the Google Search answer box. I have no idea how profitable that answer box is, but I'm fairly certain that Google Search is profitable. The Google Home speaker voice recognition is also powered by ML models.
* dominate the low-end of the market. Apple has the platform where users have money to spend on apps and services.
It literally does reduce emissions if you factor in the fact that I grew the tree, offsetting an equal amount of carbon.

Maybe this will help you think about it:

If I drove over to the supermarket and back, and then planted a tree that would sequester an equal amount of carbon to the amount I released driving to the supermarket, would you agree that I am offsetting/reducing my emissions?
A curated list of things related to Vite.js
The reality is that ISA generally don't win because of technical merits. Business models and historical accidents have far more to do with it.
The American car market is flooded with shitty crossovers because people don't have the balls to just rock the minivan when they hit that point in their life. The entire SUV segment up until you reach 9-seaters doesn't have a great reason to exist at the market share it does, and the situation will continue until people grow out of the delusion that they're not uncool yet because they bought a specific class of bad vehicle.
Believe I've seen that, come to think of it. Does a featureful version support XP?

How did they work around the console limitations of older Windows?
Trust of people you know is still a thing. The point of the article is that you can no longer identify the people you actually trust through any electronically mediated interaction as images, voice and video can mimic your closest loved ones in near perfection with minimal effort on the part of a malicious actor.
It's more impressive to have it running on your browser, with infinite levels of nesting, both "in" and "out": https://oimo.io/works/life/
Thanks! Seriously any suckage reduction no matter how minuscule is a vast improvement over current template errors.
At my rate I'll be on C++20 by 2025 so looking forward to it.
Love it and would buy but I don't know Ruby and I feel like it would take me too much work to learn ruby syntax to make it worth my while.

Note: I think there should be a blurb somewhere on the sales page that it's written in Ruby, it was hard to figure that out.
In Norway, this is basic driver education. The drivers' license there requires "slippery road" training, which involves a more basic version of what you're describing.
How does PyPI decide to trust the github action to issue the short lived token?

Do you use the Github token to exchange for the PyPI token?
I've noticed this happening so often nowadays in 'The Guardian'. Editorial quality is just a remnant of what it used to be.
My understanding is that the engine on the B7 aren’t really powerful enough, so if a few go out, then the rest are just “fighting gravity” and not really accelerating the ship.

The new engines should have more net acceleration and should therefore tolerate a few engines failing.
It's not over entirely but that fight for clicks and eyeballs thankfully is. We're back to the subscription model and it's going to take time to get consumers full back to where we were 30 years ago. Companies like NY Times and Axios have been thriving.

Very interesting listen from How I Built This interviewing Jim Vandehei who built both Axios and Politico. https://wondery.com/shows/how-i-built-this/episode/10386-pol...
Sean, my cofounder, and I previously led the data team at a PE fund. This absolutely tracks with our experience.
Where did you expect those links to lead, given that they were posted by the APU2 firmware dev team?
I use GPT about 100x more than search now for my day to day work. I pay them $20/mo. I’d likely pay $100 or more for the value I’m getting.

They’ll figure it out.
The larger the rocket, the less overhead per kg of payload.

Also, yes: larger space telescopes. And eventually,manned missions to Mars.
They moved ages ago. Imgur massively limits bandwith for NSFW images.
Why does the studious corn snake appear to have claws and whiskers?
Assistant however never made money.
It’s certainly not a silver bullet but as these psychedelic drugs are low harm and quite potent/novel they’re extremely worth exploring