skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I wanted to give another parallel - we understand what DNA does from a structural level of the building blocks up, but...

We're not close to being able to bio-engineer a 20 point IQ improvement, or the ability to regrow a missing limb, or the ability to grow muscle on demand, or the ability to forgo lipogenesis beyond some amount or or or...

To me the epistemological question on this is not just understanding the parts but being able to reason with some high degree of certainty about cause and effect and be able to simulate things, etc. I do not think it is totally correct to say that since we initiated the training runs on the LLMs and hence made them we understand them. There is a large difference between computers as physical engineered devices and X terabyte matrix weights that are a result of an emergent iterative process wherein we train it on a vast amount of data. The latest estimation for GPT3 training set is 500B tokens.

Unpredictable behavior manifests itself in the size of models demonstrated in that paper, which are quite small. Even with interpretability tools we have a long way to understanding relatively smaller models, as shown in said paper. The state of the art for the size for current models is vastly larger, and the interpretability challenges are larger too. We're not talking about word2vec here but we're talking about neural nets.

Can a large enough neural net with enough layers reproduce the effects of the human brain? Due to speed of neurons firing a lot of actions humans take are akin a few dozens to low hundred layers of a neural net. GPT3 has 96 layers. Yes, there are possibly temporal signals and more complexity in the way the human brain works, but we can solve that with scale. Imagine a model, running on a computer, that is enough to almost perfectly simulate the thinking process a human brain does. Do we know how it works? I don't think we can say we know how human brains work from an information processing capacity.

I think we're defining the problem differently. Understanding the underlying hardware (though frankly, I for example don't know what is running on Intel's Management Engine) and principles of software still do not necessarily scale to understanding, especially when in a relatively short time we will have multi trillion parameter multi terabyte scale LLMs or other NN powered models. Now, let's scale it a few more orders of magnitude...

Thank you for linking the paper on The Surprising Creativity of Digital Evolution.
Just boil some water, add some vinegar and some spices, and pour over the cabbage. That's it. Will it taste the same as kimchi? About 90%.
Isn't "greedflation" just an euphemism for unchecked late-stage capitalism.

So while it might be the "end of capitalism" it is not a mistake, but the final goal
Which isn’t all bad, because the web page I was emailed 20 years ago still loads.
You joke, of course, but if any of those passengers weren't US citizens, they've ended up in the US without a passport stamp and will look like illegal immigrants at later immigration checks.
I was pretty horrified, myself :(
It's nuts. With my own two eyes I once watched this cop in question pull up to a grocery store in her patrol car in broad daylight with a near-toothless old woman in the passenger seat. That old woman proceeded to go into the store and buy a stack of Sudafed, got back in the patrol car and they rolled out. I guessed that she was having supplier issues and needed a fix, so she found a smurf.

I thought about calling the police and getting them to review the footage, but it was a crapshoot who showed up and if I would only get into more trouble.
Tuxedo gives you the option to order their laptops with either the Tuxedo logo, a custom logo, or no logo.
I ordered the InfinityBook Pro 14 Gen7 without any logo and it looks really clean.

I haven't checked Coreboot support before, but now found: https://www.tuxedocomputers.com/en/Infos/Help-Support/Freque...
At the "AI Woodstock" at the San Francisco Exploratorium last Friday, there was, in fact, a gentleman with a handful of real, live llamas in tow. They were shaggy and greasy, with matted wool dangling in oily locks, and they shit massive piles of excrement all over the Embarcadero sidewalk. I never did find out if it was a Meta publicity stunt or just a birthday party entertainer who found the opportunity of a lifetime.
no semver?
You can store a heck of a lot more states if you don't double the storage required with each additional state. That's the actual problem.
Looks great. Is it possible to use css frameworks with it (let's say bootstrap etc). I'm trying to understand where this fits in the overall stack. Is it possible to use react libraries with it.
Very good suggestion, will read it in a moment.

I asked another instance of ChatGPT to count the words in the conversation and I copy pasted the conversation message by message. It successfully counted. Given the ridiculous concurrency of human brain, I assume an orchestra of ChatGPT instances could simulate at least some of that "mind".
This constantly pissed me off, especially since MacOS always seemed to pick the wrong window to jump to.

There's an open source project to fix it though: https://alt-tab-macos.netlify.app/

Together with an app to fix the scroll wheel and a calendar widget, working with MacOS becomes almost bearable.
I hold the generation as highly regarded
One of those passengers posted:

https://old.reddit.com/r/Flights/comments/12cjf5q/i_flew_nor...

"Just got another email from Norse and they are now offering a free flight and Uber reimbursement if you return to jfk"
That's interesting, although one of the comments in this thread mentioned Capitol Records v. MP3Tunes [1], a similar case tried in the same court 10 years later.

MP3Tunes 'won' in principle but they were liable for ignoring DMCA takedown notices and seeding the service with unauthorized copies of music.

> First, it established DMCA safe harbor protection for online locker services, potentially granting them "broad immunity from copyright liability". Second, it endorsed data deduplication, which allows cloud music services to more efficiently allocate storage and reduce the amount of space needed per user.

I would be curious to know why the rulings were different. If anything it seems like MP3.com provided stronger guarantees that their users legally owned the songs by requiring them to insert a CD.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitol_Records,_Inc._v._MP3Tu...
This is great! I've had a bit of a play around and the code examples are nice and easy to follow. Definitely liking it more than the JSX route that a lot of modern frameworks are taking these days - this way is much cleaner and easier to read.
Purchased a copy of this recently. Definitely recommend, although I'm curious how out of date people think the content is, and how a second edition would improve things.
Intelligence leak exposes U.S. spying on adversaries and allies
Pickling is fundamentally different from fermentation. Their only commonalities are being methods of preserving food and having a broadly sour taste. Kimchi is much more complex than simple brined cabbage![0]

"Pickled cabbage with added spices" and "kimchi" are different foods with different flavor profiles, just like Ruby and Python have vaguely similar styles yet entirely different vibes.

[0] https://mykoreankitchen.com/kimchi-recipe/#recipe
Defense always has the weak hand. A malicious group with $5 million to fund hacking will defeat an organization with $500 million in defense. The only reason organizations survive is that there's far fewer hackers than organizations in the world and most hackers don't have a lot of resources, even with their offensive advantage.

Add AI to the mix and the effective available resources become much more equalized.
Don't get me wrong, I definitely think the current movement and focus on a great UX is amazing! But as someone that cares a lot about scalability and operational complexity + cost, it hurts a little to see certain approaches that'll work great in small scale, but be troublesome at large scale be recommended so strongly :/

> edge compute platform

I would consider that quite a big difference in infrastructure. It can easily be done already right now, but the cost and performance equation between serverless compute (at edge or not) v.s. static file serving becomes noticeable at scale.

Let's make some pricing examples:

- We'll have 2 million "first page loads" per day (~60 million per month)

- Let's give our bundle a low estimate of 200KB

------------

Vercel's pricing (just to take a popular example)[0]:

- Pro tier: $20/month includes 1m execution units (EU, 50ms of CPU time) and 1TB bandwidth

- Then $2 per 1m EU and $40 per 100 GB bandwidth

- Let's ignore GB-hours for now (memory x runtime)[1]

- Let's assume you're always able to render your SSR page in 50ms or less (quite optimistic if you're doing any form of DB operations in your SSR)

AWS CloudFront pricing[2]:

- Always free tier: 1TB bandwidth, 10m requests

- Then $0.085 per GB bandwidth and $0.0100 per 10k requests

- (at scale you can get +50% discount on bandwidth by committing)

------------

We can then run the numbers:

- Estimate (200 KB) on Vercel:

- (60m requests - 1m free) * $2 per 1m = $118/month

- 200 KB * 60 million = 12,000,000,000 kb = 12TB

- (12TB - 1TB free) / 0.1 * $40 per 100GB = $4400/month (you'd probably want an Enterprise plan at this point unless I did the math wrong here. Their FAQ suggests to reach out to their sales team which you should definitely be doing at this scale!)

- = $118 + $4400 = $4,518/month

- Estimate (200 KB) on CloudFront:

- (60m requests - 10m free) / 0.01 * $0.01 per 10k request = $50/month

- 200 KB * 60 million = 12,000,000,000 kb = 12TB

- (12TB - 1TB free) / 0.001 * $0.085 per GB = $935/month (which could be $440/month with reserved capacity)

- = $50 + $935 = $985/month

------------

Totally open for having made a calculation error above, but this is the kind of thing that one needs to concern themselves about at scale. The above example is quite realistic, in fact it's a lot less than our usage at my current work.

Admittedly here we are seeing most of the cost come from bandwidth. If you substituted Vercel with AWS Lambda you would be able to benefit from the CloudFront pricing on this.

[0]: https://vercel.com/pricing

[1]: https://vercel.com/guides/what-are-gb-hrs-for-serverless-fun...

[2]: https://aws.amazon.com/cloudfront/pricing/?nc=sn&loc=3
I can confirm that while my linkedin was pretty dead in january/february, the recruiters are back at it constantly since last month

(Not US based)
Is it just me, or does Ed Huang skip over the most important part of database design: actually making sure the database has stored the data?

I read to the end of the article, and while having a database as a serverless collection of microservices deployed to a cloud provider might be useful, it ultimately will be useless if this swarm approach doesn't give me any guarantees about how or if my data actually makes it onto persistent storage at some point. I was expecting a discussion of the challenges and pitfalls involved in ensuring that a cloud of microservices can concurrently access a common data store (whether that's a physical disk on a server or a S3 bucket), without stomping on each other, but that seemed to be entirely missing from the post.

Performance and scalability are fine, but when it comes to databases, they're of secondary importance to ensuring that the developer has a good understanding of when and if their data has been safely stored.
At the moment I have a bit of an opposite problem from the "don't hire for passion only": I can't find a new job because I can't hide my passion and experience in Python well enough and somehow Python is regarded as very unprofessional in Germany, so not many companies want to use Python for Full Stack development at all.
for what it's worth, what you describe is the architecture philosophy of supabase (disclosure: i'm the ceo)

supabase is essentially a Postgres database with PostgREST on top, and we recommend pushing down a lot of the logic and security into the database. We took this philosophy with our pg_graphql extension (which uses pgx) and it is faster than other graphql implementations, simply it's co-located with your data, solving the n+1 problem.

pl_rust just reached 1.0, and it is now a "trusted language" so you can expect to see it arriving on a few cloud providers soon. We are releasing something this week with the RDS team which will make it easier to write key parts of your application code in trusted languages. There are certainly trade-offs, and I don't know if _everything_ should be in the database. But in data-intensive cases it makes a lot of sense.
> “This is a reminder that you have to be cleared by immigration when entering the US. You did unfortunately not clear immigration upon arrival into New York JFK last night.

The way they worded this is particularly crappy. They implicitly place the blame on the travelers when it was the airline that screwed up here.
yeah, I completely got confused because of this skewed used of the words. I have no clue he/she is saying.
Women now dominate the book business. Why not other creative industries?
I used MH in the mid-90s. I was inspired by cks@cs.utoronto.ca. I worked at a regional ISP, and my boss used PINE (which was like Nano for email) and the power users used Elm (which was a popular MUA before it was known as a language). Yet, I used MH.

I decided on MH because I had a habit of subscribing to mailing lists, or at least being enrolled on them, without caring too much whether I read the messages. So I wanted a sort of NNTP-newsfeed-like way of splitting up all the mail into folders so that I could get work done while ignoring whatever was on those lists.

I believe I used procmail, piping everything that came in through ridiculous regexps and having MH sort them into mail folders, as it was wont to do. It was lovely, and I seem to recall always having a zero-size mail spool because even the unread stuff was going into a folder for later checking. I didn't use BIFF. Remember biff, not the VIC-20 user, but the mail notifier. I didn't need a mail notifier, because I always had mail. It was just neverending. MH helped me come to terms with that.

My highly customized MH environment was lost to the four winds when I left that regional ISP, and since I had no equivalent shell-based multi-user networked system in 1994, I didn't recreate MH and it fell by the wayside, for me, but probably not for Chris Siebenmann.
Yup, I've been thinking about this topic since long before large language model existed :P
It is in the best interest of the passengers (at least the international ones) to go back to the airport and get the immigration done. It will only cause trouble at the time of future departures/arrivals, and cause issue in visa extensions, etc.
This is a pretty good example of a thing that is not required to keep the service running reliably (akin to sending an IP packet with only a partial IP) and that governments, with no incentive to properly allocate Earth’s scarce resources, would typically keep running aimlessly.

Then they tell us we consume too much resources.
Ive had this small breaking (Kontakt/Kmail in particular) on many different distro's, Tumbleweed and Fedora included. I suspect small changes in config formats that are not handled between upgrades?

The only rock steady distro I've found is Debian Stable, perhaps not very surprisingly. That of course comes at the cost of running older versions, but for me it's worth it.
Not at all - the hype part is that 2 teenagers derived a uniquely elegant proof that other highly-trained mathematicians had thus far failed to do so.

Any other claims seem to have been added by the media, not the teenagers themselves.
PL/Rust 1.0: now a trusted language for Postgres
Bullshit. "React is super slow" is just not true in any shape or form.

Especially not React itself. And even if React itself or the way it does things is "too slow" (which is the only metric that counts) then there are escape hatches or ways to deal with that.
> US Courts (and others) will lock up or send to death row some on evidence that they killed someone 50 years ago (and more) .. murder has no statute of limitations.

That's not what I meant. What I meant was no one will excuse what Ted Bundy did because his parents had a divorce or were mean to him when he was a kid.
While we acknowledge that stuff that happened decades ago still might have an effect today, we tend to attribute people with self agency.
I think we should do the same with the current Iranian regime or all countries for that matter.

Also, these theories will never be verifiable. I don't see what's so interesting in exploring them then. This might be because of what the U.S did, or it might be because of what Iraq did (one million people died in the Iran-Iraq war), or simply it might be bad ideas in the minds of religious fanatics - or a million other things or a combination of them. What do we do with it then?
As a non professional it is always astounding how different the designs for injection molding are from hobbyist 3d printer parts.

For 3d printing there so many caveats to make something easy to print. But for molds that seems to be on a different level.

How you they now the plastic goes everywhere? Do they use flow simulations or is it experience?
Plenty of apartments are sold with commonhold or share of freehold too, it's not all leasehold.
Other income comes from inheritance, investments, gifts. None of those should be assumed to be incentives to get the recepient to work.
Here in Europe there are dozens, probably more, of companies selling IKEA fronts and handles.

Buy, as always, the major expensive is labour, not materials.
> CRDT: Replicated state machines allow for generic fault tolerant systems. It does this by having consensus on append to a command log. But if the commands are commutative, those could be applied in any order. There is subset on optimizations on paxos for concurrent commutative commands, called Generalized Paxos. In the extreme case, if all operations are commutative, then you have this nice situation where you don't need consensus. And replicas can converge on the same state, eventually. These data structures with commutative operations are called CRDT.

My thoughts on how clocks, sync and CRDT are related. Not an authority on the subject, so could be quite wrong.

More at: https://ciju.in/posts/2021-09-on-time-clock-and-ordering-of-...
this is an exciting development for Postgres. Since PL/Rust is now a trusted language, it means that cloud providers like RDS and Supabase will be able to provide it.

This means that you can write your database functions in rust, as an alternative to pgplsql / plv8.

(disclosure: i work at supabase)
Digital collectibles on Instagram is winding down
Are there GPU hardware requirements for the exercises?
I referenced a class of problems easily defined via mathematical tools and notation that are seemingly not possible to solve in our universe as an adjacent example for difficult problems that border on our definition of understanding.

A problem doesn't have to be undecidable to be realistically unsolvable. For example, I don't think that we can compute TREE(3). Or Graham's number, which is quite a bit smaller. TREE(3) is computable and defined. However, we can't fit it into our universe even if converted every atom into computronium. So do we understand TREE(3)? Surely yes, though at the same time no? How about Rayo's number? As such, I am merely making a statement that at certain scales, to our brains, quantity has a quality of its own.

Yes, it is. I've used it for about 15 years now.
While this may be too expensive and too disrupting to build in the near future, building similar hydroelectric plant in Qattara Depression is long overdue
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qattara_Depression_Project
Little is known about the tools used by The First Ones.
Then you would need to show me proof that other frameworks handle similar complexity with less performance degradation or optimize with less pain.

My general advice in such cases would be to strive for more isolation. Do use Redux. Don't be afraid to use multiple stores on one page if that allows you to isolate rerenders.
I was like "What? How did that happen? Oh, it's Paris."

Last time I flew through Paris, customs was asleep at the wheel. They cursorily checked, but did not stamp, my passport, causing problems for me in Helsinki. The Helsinki customs agent detained me -- right outside one of those beat-the-crap-out-of-you interrogation rooms -- while checking back with Paris to make sure I was actually cleared to enter the EU. Had I not had an hours-long layover, I might've missed my flight (on to Osaka).
Had this happen once as well in another country. We landed further away from the airport and had to get into a bus. Bus dropped us off at the domestic flights terminal instead of the international one. People who traveled with carry-on only just got out. The rest of us stayed confused at the baggage claim until staff noticed the mix-up.
Harvard's CS50 is excellent. You can find it here: https://cs50.harvard.edu/x/2023/
The author of the article. You did read it didnt you?

"most beautiful and simplest trigonometric proof we have seen to date"
Except the little detail that Android team couldn't care less about Dart/Flutter, it isn't even part of the official Android SDK.

Jake Wharton has a few rants about the Fluter/Dart vs Android politics.
I always M-x ielm every time I want to modify something in my Emacs or try out a new package before modifying my init.el.

Such a useful tool even if elisp has limited debugging capabilities :)
As if the people who write unreadable and nigh impossible to understand addresses would care to use such a system.

These are not “doctor’s handwriting” issues.
Only to a point. When you have large wants, but low capacity to meet those wants, then that is true. The law of diminishing returns however is that the utility to an individual declines as efficiency rises. It isn't a linear relationship.

The other factor to consider is that the nice-to-have wants from greater productivity in labor may just be required for me to accumulate more scarce resources especially as the population of the world grows. Opportunity cost eventually make me prioritize my investment elsewhere rather than adding scope as you say.

The industries where AI doesn't touch/win, or have real world scarcity constraints even in the face of AI is ironically where the power will be. Hence people saying to get into trades, and physical skilled jobs where we are still winning the arms race against AI for some time yet.
for those who want to know the difference between "trusted" and "untrusted":

https://tcdi.github.io/plrust/trusted-untrusted.html

_Normally, PL/Rust is installed as a "trusted" programming language named plrust. In this setup, certain Rust and pgx operations are disabled to preserve security. In general, the operations that are restricted are those that interact with the environment. This includes file handle operations, require, and use (for external modules). There is no way to access internals of the database server process or to gain OS-level access with the permissions of the server process, as a C function can do. Thus, any unprivileged database user can be permitted to use this language._

Languages like pl_python are "untrusted" and give too much access to the file system, which is why cloud providers never support them on their platforms
Understatement is a hallmark of the Kiwi culture. “This is not OK” is also a very stern telling off from your mum or school teacher.
Its just not a true arrival in the US if you don't get to experience being tired, hungry, poor, teaming unwashed masses yearning to breathe free.
Reproducible Builds in March 2023