skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
ChatGPT speaks a ton of languages and very well at that. Hell it is better at my native language than I am and I am from a pretty small country.
yes, then you go for the subsystem route as in MacOS Classic or Win32

perhaps worth a shot but I seriously doubt the compatibility is going to be worth enough for enough people, instead of just running an emulator
AI Can't Take over Everyone's Jobs Soon (If Ever)
Hey, I can totally understand that this did not work out for you. I am glad nonetheless that you gave it a try anyways, and mentioned the issues you faced, so we can improve on them. Thanks for that!

This was originally made primarily for our own use, so I can definitely understand that the choices we made for this is not everyone's cup of tea.

However, I would just like to reply to the points, in case anyone else is also facing the same things.

- DB indeed doesn't support setting multiple different values, and that is definitely a thing we should change when we update his. Alternatively you can set multiple bytes to a same value using `DB [value,count]`

- Yes, this is intentional. As this emulator is not a "true" 8086 emulator that can just start from any memory address, we need a start label, much similar to how C needs a main function.

- Again, intentional. DB is strictly for data storage, and the whole code is (internally) split into data section (at start) and code section (after data section). Thus you cannot define DB once you start the code section. And as said, start indicates entry point of code, so any DB instruction cannot have start label.

- NOP is not implemented, and is an open issue at the repo.

- DB can be used without a label. for example
```
db [7,5]
DW 0x7857
start:
mov byte[0], 5

```
is a valid and compiling code. In case you had any issues using DB without label, feel free to comment here, or open an issue on github.

- Yes, ret cannot be used outside procedures. This is again intentional. As this emulator was aimed at students and newcomers to assembly, we wanted to kind of safeguard from accidentally using ret outside of a procedure context. In real assembly, it will let you use ret anywhere, but this does not.

> Also the terms. "compiling" is the process that generates assembly from a higher language. "assembling" is the process of turning assembly into machine code.

You are very much correct on this one. However, in this particular case I would suggest use of 'compiling' is also correct. As noted, this is an emulator of 8086, and we use an string based IR generated from the input assembly code. (This is not the best choice in hind-sight and there is an open issue for changing this). In that sense, we are indeed "compiling" the assembly code you have given to an executable/runnable representation, which then the emulator (which is basically an interpreter in this case) can run.

That said, I do agree that in general, (not in particular context of this emulator) "compiling" is not suited.

---

All said, This might not be everyone's choice for emulator, and I am glad that you gave it a try. Thanks!
This is a perfect example to offer VC's when they say why should I give you money to complete in a market with both Google and Microsoft? But there was one more reason they succeeded. They let people upload movies and TV shows where Google and Microsoft has software that prevented that from happening.

YouTube for awhile was the second coming of Napster, but for video. It allowed them to get real popular, really fast.

People often ask why did they sell so soon? They sold to Google because they were being sued to death. Google's deep pockets allowed them to negotiate a solution and get technology in place to fix this problem.
The pile is an open dataset, and so is libgen. Should be pretty easy to confirm.
I love a good Helvetica, with the taste of the photographic layouts of 50 years ago.

(Although the site and game are currently partially broken.)
Yes, it is?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II_character_set

Looks like 80-column aspect, but it's the right font
Great work and great choice of flux-cored solder wire!
Generally yeah - it is both willing to give up and take back electrons pretty easily (so, discharging and charging) but in the modern era another really important factor is that it balances having these properties and also being very light relative to the amount of energy it can hold in a battery. Good for portable applications like cell phones, cars, etc.
Forgejo monthly update – March 2023
You are imagining a false dichotomy where things like fast and final settlement, or self custody are forced onto every user, and pointing out the obvious problems with that scenario. They are not good defaults, but they are great to have as options to protect customers against a fraudulent or over leveraged system. It is a bit like any protected right-- you don't have to directly make use of it for it to be valuable, the real value is in the optionality you have to be able to use it, and the risk that optionality poses to those who would exploit the absence of the right.
One way that you can identify rent-seeking disguised as safety is to compare the degree of risk considered acceptable across industries. For example, you can buy and use a chainsaw and similarly-dangerous power tools with basically no constraints whatsoever. But chainsaws are definitely more dangerous than CPAP machines or many prescription-only drugs. I'm sure that professional tree clearing companies would like it if everyone except them was banned from engaging in their line of work, but that's not the case because they have less effective lobbyists than doctors have.
Much faster response time due to optimized use of I/O operations.
Could be a hormone deficiency/imbalance or any number of other things. I’d start with a blood test and go from there. If your doctor doesn’t want to order it, you can order your own labs online and take them to a local lab draw facility (at least in the US).
I only see this taking over if it's force fed down the publics throat by authoritarian regimes (China style). The public at-large doesn't want an algorithm to completely remove the steering wheel...Needs to be a fluid mixture of human and algorithm with these self-driving designs (Tesla style). Sorry.
but the tokenizer is dataset-driven... it tokenize the most common pattern in your dataset to improve efficiency, so it's 100% about dataset?
> If one connects an ammeter across a low resistance voltage source (i.e., across the car battery) the ammeter will appear as a short circuit to the battery

Yes. My first comment on this thread says not to do that, and suggesting an alternative is "Ammeter between a battery's terminal and the car's electrical system." instead. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35514652

I was replying to "anywhere near large enough capacity" in the next post. The typical 10A range is massive overkill for typical parasitic loads in a car, and even things like the fuel pump deciding to kick on and run in most cars.
Sure, though that makes its other capabilities hard to use.
I've seen a fair amount of discussion recently around whether a Cyber Force is necessary. I wrote an opinion paper on the topic during my time in service, which has only now been approved for publication.
Can you mention some major mnemonic systems? I've read about this stuff before and I remember a few minor ones for numbers, or for chaining ideas, but that's about it.
How to stop Vicuna talking to itself
Had fun creating Not Hot Dog parody – Not Sex Toy while studying ML
Arvist.ai | Frontend Dev | Remote (or Chicago) | contracting or full-time | next.js | typescript

https://www.notion.so/arvist/Frontend-engineer-5b3e385a41d34...
A Diy ukulele
I don't have proof. I'm presenting a theory based on circumstantial evidence. I think it says just as much to reject a theory without proof as it does to present a theory without proof. Let me break down the context in which I make put forward my theory.

* Corporate doublespeak is a well documented tactic in which a business will project a message when the truth is the opposite of the message. Sometimes they use euphemisms, ambiguity, or omissions. I am stating that we cannot take Microsoft's press releases about being Open Source friendly at face value.

* Five years ago Edge was rebuilt with a chromium backend and Microsoft had a large campaign to increase adoption of Edge.

* Reduced Firefox performance would make Edge compare more favorably. This error was clearly in Microsoft's favor.

* It is common for companies that own a platform to create advantages for their applications running on the platform.

* Microsoft has a long history in the browser wars, highlighted by an antitrust lawsuit in the late 90s. Their anticompetitive behavior regarding browsers was a key part of the lawsuit.
Not quite. The data was scraped from an open source database. They used Synthetic Aperture Personality Assessment Project (SAPA) which only gives the partial test to each participant, and than interpolates for the rest of the test.

The full set of items in SAPA can be as high as 500. They supposedly found the reverse Flynn effect by only looking at results from 35 (over a 12 year period) and another set of 60 (over a 7 years period). This should be a red flag, and raise suspicions of cherry-picking and p-hacking.

This is not to mention anything about the validity of interpreting the combination of some items from SAPA as intelligence. The SAPA authors don’t do that, neither did the researchers that originally collected the data, neither did the participants, that is only done by the researches of this particular paper. And to add another red flag, this paper was published in a pretty disgraced journal Intelligence, which has been proven to publish plenty of pseudo-scientific results where they stretch the statistics with an agenda aligned with the eugenics movement.
"Je voudrais une pizza" is better translated to "I would like a pizza"
"I want a pizza" would be "je veux une pizza"
Graphene Coating for Cargo Ships
I'm surprised by this too. If I were running an operation like this I would definitely have a team of remote operators in racing sim setups (steering wheel, pedals) who could "jump" to a car and take control in one of these situations.

Slack notification comes in: a car is stuck. Click link, get jacked-in and take manual control to move it to a safe location for further debugging.
> My mechanic won't do it because he won't confirm that's the cause.

My experience is that a lot of independent mechanics will do what you ask them to do, so long as they think it’s not unsafe and have confidence that you’ll pay the bill without complaint when the task is done whether or not the problem is fixed.

Probably not a good “this is my first time meeting you, but please replace my flux capacitor” but if you’ve got a history with the shop, I’m surprised you couldn’t talk him into it. (I worked in a shop briefly in college. We’d do what the customer wanted, including installing parts they bought, but the only warranty was on a “we spent an hour; you paid for an hour; thus ends the transaction” basis.)
At the very least you know to which 2 mechanics you should never give your car to
Adding passenger traffic does not necessarily require displacing freight traffic.

Here's a document that contains a map of current rail density: https://www.dot.ga.gov/InvestSmart/Freight/GeorgiaFreight/Ta...
DynamoDB is a sad hack that heavy marketing had elevated in absence of better offerings on AWS at the time. It's not particularly good as KV store let alone something more serious.
We have a similar problem with a Lexus rx300 2001. The computer never goes to sleep. I was thinking of looking for (or making) a patch-fuse with a kill switch to stop the drain. Computer sleep depends on the flakey door controller switches.
There's always a should. Society gets a say in what people and corporations can and can't do in (at the very least) the form of laws. There's your should right there.
32gb seems pretty low? pretty routine in a lot of different domains to have processes using 10s/100s of gbs
>How much do our freeways cost us? esp with externalities?

Rail also has cost, including externalities. For example, as a wise person on the Internet once said, "Trains take you from a place you don't live to a place you're not going to." The "last-mile problem" is a non-trivial factor to building train networks which by definition is not solvable by more rail.

You're considering a cost analysis. A more complete analysis is the benefit-cost analysis (BCA). If the benefits outweigh the costs, the project is a net positive for society. Asking only how much our freeways cost us avoids consideration of the known benefits. Here's a BCA from 2021 which investigates a highway project, so you can see exactly how much freeways benefit and cost us: https://www.mdot.maryland.gov/OPCP/I-81BCA_Report.pdf

>It doesn't have to.

That's a nice sentiment, but sometimes the energy required to reform is higher than expected losses. The entire Amtrak network is kept afloat because of a handful of lines in New England between DC, New York, and Boston. Amtrak basically runs a loss everywhere else.
Setting aside the specific choice of tokenizer for GPT models, I'm curious how much difference in performance is made by the features of the human language used to represent the training data. Like if you kept the exact same training corpus and could wave a magic wand and translate it into any language and could create a custom tokenization for each language, would some be more amenable than others to GPT-style language modeling?
"fake it till you make it"
ChatGPT YouTube Summarizer Plugin
Around 80% of Firefox users are on Windows, per https://data.firefox.com/dashboard/hardware

That same site also suggests that Firefox has around 200e6 monthly active users, the average user uses Firefox 3.5 days a week, and for 5.5 hours per day.

My math could be wrong, but taking the above into account, and arnaudsm's 5 W estimate, I come up with an upper bound of around 80 MW. Discount that further by whatever proportion of Windows users you assume were actually affected. Not a whole coal power plant, but nothing to sneeze at.
Conway's game of life is a good example of how complex behavior can evolve from systems with a simple set of rules. Molecular dynamics follow a more complex set of rules at a much more rapid rate. This combined with the fact those interactions have been happening for billions of years in parallel at such a massive scale does not make it surprising that persistent and self replicating patterns emerge. On a large enough scale, even improbable events become likely.
I think this gets at the point I was going to make - Wired probably spent untold hours combing through video requests to find incidents involving driverless vehicles, but tossed out every incident they found where an offending vehicle had a driver. Then they wrote an article about their cherry picked results. I would be curious to see both sets of data.
If car is at the point of engine rebuild you'd probably have to replace half of the suspension too
There is no nuclear industry in Germany. There are no domestic companies capable of or interested in building a new reactor. Of course there are plenty of physicists, but actual industry experts are getting old, as you yourself noted and I've read stories about nobody wanting to study the relevant stuff at university for more than a decade now. The talent pipeline has run dry years ago.

Similar to what is being attempted right now with chip production, you could of course try to spin up all of this infrastructure and the required workforce with a ton of public investment. But why do that when you can build perfectly workable solar/wind power plants in a fraction of the time and at a fraction of the cost? Even if Germany would end up importing nuclear power from France, Poland, UK, Sweden, etc. why try to spend a boatload of money and political capital on an industry that those countries are positioned infinitely better to run? (Given all of these countries' problems with nuclear, I doubt that Germany will end up net importer, but that is beside the point).
FWIW Chinese tech companies have a lot of stuff also that is really impressive like WuDao 2.0. They just don't get the same amount of press.
The article only clarifies that the dataset used to train the tokenizer is baised, not the entire dataset used by the GPT model.
No?

You just showed up to observe the universe and was gifted some ability to manipulate it to your advantage.

You can say you were first to have an idea and we have a society that says you can have a right to 'own' that idea to sell or make money from it.

But you didn't make a universe; a universe made you and you get to have ideas that are new, hopefully.
The self driving taxi companies will be very happy that minor traffic inconveniences are the only thing people are complaining about at this point.
using plain characters would make the sentences longer & cost much more money to use.

that's the idea of byte pair encoding based tokenizers, reduce the average sentence's number of tokens to an optimal (short) size to reduce the computational cost. in this case, most of its training data is in english so it's going to have shorter sentences (nb of tokens) in english vs other languages
Ok, so let's say he's lying and has buyer's remorse on the day of the bank charge. Is there any reason to not refund him?
I am doing things in just about the most idiotic and inefficient way, break the circuit down into easy to emulate blocks then emulating how they interact by adding in stuff which mimics that interaction.

Essentially I break down the circuit into a series of blocks which are easy to model in isolation and then show how the interactions between these blocks are very complex and difficult to model. The starting point is essentially the classic simple moog model with some extra stuff and I add in bits between those blocks to mimic the interactions while comparing it to various digital models of the filter, spice simulations and the real deal.

So I slowly make up a big massive mess of a patch in PureData that eats my entire CPU but does a fairly solid job of the emulation then try and simplify things down to show how each part affects the whole.
> What makes it work is that, under the SEPA Direct Debit framework, the risk of fraud and insufficient funds is 100% on the party initiating the direct debit.

It also helps that the accountholder has to allow each party that will debit money from their account. By default, those requests are denied.

AFAIK, the US works the other way around.
There are already many Electrify America stations at Walmarts and - yes - it makes me shop @ Walmart and I get to experience all that weirdness.
Over the last 2 years these charging spots went from "barely used" to "gotta get lucky to find a charger".
Including those alphabets as letters or single glyphs would still leave it so that ドイツ would still take 3 tokens whereas "Germany" is one token ("germany" is two tokens: [ger][many]).

And tossing ドイツ into the tokenizer shows that it is 3 tokens.

Consider also the question "is it useful to just tokenize hiragana or katakana and not all of the kanji characters?"

The glyph by glyph approach to tokenization of non-english text is already present the way that you are describing it - and because it is glyph by glyph that means that it gets expanded out and consumes more tokens.

Korean gets rather interesting because 독일 is not one character but several - multiple sounds are combined into one glyph and each glyph is one syllable. That word is 'dog-il' according to google translate. On the first glyph, ㄷ is 'd' and ㅗ is 'o' and ㄱ is a trailing 'g'. On the second glyph ㅣ is 'i' and ㄹ is a trailing 'l'.

Likewise, its GPT tokenization is 5 tokens.
I usually use the term "tokenization" to refer to breaking a text into "words" (tokens), although in the examples shown in the article, for the Latin script languages it seems to be doing tokenization into something like morphemes. This has nothing to do with the Unicode UTF-8 encoding system; Hindi would have the same number of tokens if you encode it with UTF-8 (where each character is 3 bytes) or ISCII (where each character is 1 byte).

But when it comes to Chinese...something weird is going on.
It was open sourced, just under a non-commercial license.
I’ve floated this idea before especially in the context of ADHD being framed as a disease because it has social costs, personal costs, and causes disruptive behavior. That may all be true but people with ADHD also have more unprotected sex and the vast majority of western society is wiping themselves out on account of not having enough unprotected sex to sustain themselves. It’s just that anything which interferes with utilitarianism and hedonism is framed as a disease.
The idea of a Christian god is self contradictory and logically impossible. If you want a god it can't be an Abramistic one.
(not a front end developer, I’m just passing by and trying to understand)

What do these frameworks do? Isn’t React itself a framework? Why do your frameworks have frameworks of their own???
Yeah...been hearing this stuff for 42 years. I could probably make an entirely convincing argument as to why you shouldn't try it. That's because I've heard it all.

If you don't want what we have ... no worries. You won't get it.

The problem is when we make decisions for other people. Things look very, very different, when it's our own butt on the line.
There's some nuance to this, I think. For one arbitrary example where this might not hold: NovelAI was trained on data from 'danbooru', an imageboard where people repost and tag art. All the tagging on that site is in English and they frequently also translate things like the author's description of the image and any in-image text. So if you were to use that site as a dataset, it would all be English.

Or is it? The original source content was in a mix of languages - english, japanese, chinese, korean, etc. It only then got translated into english and tagged in english. So if you had trained on the original source content, you would have been training on a mix of languages, but that got erased for the convenience of the people training the network.
Right, but aren't we after the joint probability if we're really talking about equity? I.e., we can't make strong claims about an outcome unless we factor in the joint probability across all dimensions.

So, to extend your example, we can't necessarily say p(successful outcome|white)*p(successful outcome|poor) > p(successful outcome|nonwhite)*p(successful outcome|wealthy) until we measure those other socioeconomic conditions. It gets more complicated when we consider they may not all be independent of one another.

And that's just one extra variable. As you say, most agree we are multifaceted individuals. Adding dimensions like p(successful outcome|disability) or p(successful outcome|female) further complicates this as do all the other variables of a social species. So we can't really make strong statements about outcomes of a system very well unless we measure across the entire system of variables. I think that's what people are poking at. We may be able to make conclusions about individual variables but that doesn't always translate to an accurate model of the system at large. It's interesting and perhaps useful, but certainly incomplete. It only works under a "ceteris paribus" assumption, which is to say: "it only works in contrived circumstances that don't reflect reality."