skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I agree that codons are probably the best basic unit to work off rather than base pairs or other units of organization. I'd say we agree on step one, I'd be interested in your feedback on how I approached steps two and three.

Where I disagree with a lot of existing approaches is that given the decision to assign sounds on the basis of codons, most people assign them arbitrarily. I think that gets stuck in the postmodern dilemma, where everything is subjective so there's no basis to compare one system to another. So I wanted an approach that had logic in the loop somewhere, even if it had enough subjectivity that someone else following the same logic would come to a different conclusion.

What I hit on is convergence of emotional associations. Individual neurotransmitters are associated with particular emotions, and also particular amino acids - therefore, one can assign emotions to a subset of codons. One can also assign emotions to musical elements, hence there's a basis for assigning sounds to codons in a non-arbitrary way, with emotional association acting as the cypher between the two languages.

that's what I consider 'step two' of the process. My thinking is, someone could come up with a better logic (not using emotion as the common known element) or apply the same logic using different musical elements (assign different tones given the same emotional targets). Unfortunately, most people I asked from a music theory perspective didn't have much interest in suggesting different approaches here, so I had to work off my own subjective sense. If you've ideas what chords should be assigned to which codons, I'd be very interested in hearing your thoughts there (or anyone who's into music and logic puzzles).

Here's how I actually assigned them so people get an idea: I started with pentatonic scaling (G, C, A, B and D) and four major neurotransmitters (GABA, Serotonin, Dopamine, Acetylcholine) and assigned tones to the neurotransmitters based on which 'sounded' like the emotions those neurotransmitters give. So I started from a chart like this:

GABA Gminor

GAG 337hz

GAA

Serotonin Cminor

UGG 370hz

Dopamine Amajor

UAC 440 Hz

UAU

Acetylcholine Bmajor OR Dmajor (Acetylcholine has two precursor amino acids rather than one)

UCU 494

UCC

UCA

UCG

AGU 587

AGC

But even if one accepts the logic in step two, there's probably still better ways to assign sounds. I'd be interested in any suggestions from folks with more musical theory than myself.

I don't understand your second suggestion - pitch of a particular chord would be determined by how much variation there is in pitch around it? Could you give an example of how it would work?
+1 on the sovol sv06, did a bit of digging and this looks like the best featured printer at the moment for the price point ($350 CAD right now on Amazon prime)
Why do you have certainty that in the next 5 years these models will bring more good than harm?
> He typed the following prompt into ChatGPT: “Write an interactive Emacs Lisp function that pops to a new buffer, prints out the first paragraph of A Tale of Two Cities, and changes all words with ‘i’ in them red. Just print the code without explanation.”

That's nice and all, but now tell gchatGCP "I need to integrate with this proprietary legacy API and get stakeholder buy in for resources and also organize all the network and firweall rules to do this via our bespoke request process".
They most likely want or need to prove that they can reliably bring these things down in a controlled manner to a soft landing.

They did the same thing with the early Falcon 9 landings, bringing them in to a "soft" landing over a set of GPS coordinates in the ocean. Once they can demonstrate this process to a certain degree, they can start working through the permitting process to try actually bringing them in over land.
> Hopefully this is an April Fool's joke.

I'm pretty sure it isn't but it is devilishly clever to drop news like this on a date like this.

But as to their decision: It's tough -- obviously we all want to support Reprap movement, Prusa, Ultimaker, etc. and the original innovators in this space of desktop 3d printers, but this is the way things happen, when you've optimized your technique and product the Chinese tend to come and kill you with their high volume low margin approach. Can you really blame them for doing what they're doing? It was probably an existential decision for them.
Have you actually tested this? The blog post makes it sound like this just landed.

Of all the things that frustrate me about Firefox (and it is my daily driver), UI latency is not one of them.
((( ::: )))
By the same token, op claimed rent control “never” works. But some places implement a sort of rent control that applies to all rental housing not just some. For instance, in B.C. rents are only allowed to be raised each year by a fixed percentage (calculated annually based on inflation I believe).

It’s not perfect by any stretch but all renters across the province do benefit equally.
Finally. My 401k has been bleeding for years...
This could be a good use case for snap, but preventing users from choosing native versions of applications and installing firefox as a snap by default made me exiled me from Kubuntu, at least for now.
every time there's some temporary exogenous shock there's always the same wave of "certainly this is the end of XY" predictions. The entire globe is urbanizing, regardless of country or culture. It's such a strong secular trend and the economic and cultural gravitational pull of urban areas is so strong that people en masse moving to the countryside is a very obvious fantasy.

and saying it right now for the future, the Bay Area is going to continue to be the overwhelming center of tech in the US and nope, everyone's not going to move to Austin.
> Who wants to see the same thing again…

apparently marketing departments seem to think it’s everyone… so many of the movies, games, etc studios have been pushing over the past few years have been rehashed IP over and over again.
The 7-to-10-digit exits by incumbents is what funds the entire[1] startup industry: compare number of startup acquisitions vs IPOs in the last 10 years.

If the FTC clamps down on acquisitions, there's going to be correction in valuations, and some statups will get killed by VCs who view modest successes as not worth their time.

1. Only being slightly hyperbolic
Ok, so the pendulum is swinging in the other direction, balance is being restored. Young people need to be with other young people in dense cities, where they can meet each other. As a 33 year-old with a family, going back to the city would be dreadful for me.
Kind of a rant, but if you hang out on places like Reddit, sometimes it feels like the whole world has crippling social anxiety and hates people.

In real life, everyone seems to be craving human interaction. It’s sad sometimes. Being afraid to have small talk with people isn’t introversion, it’s a mental problem. Places like NYC have completely popped off again and I think we’ll see more and more demand for walkable social areas
You're the one who brought the IRS, a concrete institution, into this hypothetical discussion, talking about "just [giving] them more money and resources to do their job, which would include wealth evaluation." Okay? So when I asked something like, how would this work, because this is such a hand-wavey answer as to be a non-answer entirely (how would they determine wealth evaluation? Sounds to me like you're saying, they just would), you couldn't answer.

The reality is, like the sibling comment says, just proposing a simple solution doesn't work, that's not the hard part. The hard part is actually exploring and understanding the problem of what actually happens were an institution such as the IRS be assessing wealth for taxation.
Could these designs just be reworked for modern fabs?
For me the choice was teams meetings all day from the office or the same from home, saving myself the commute.

I interact with people outside of work so remote work doesn’t have a sense of isolation for me.

I have lunch with people almost every day, just they aren’t coworkers.

And I save lots of money on the commute, not to mention environmental impact.

I’m glad you like the change, but not everyone does.
That's not what I was going for. Any new feature you add to a code path will add new instructions that the CPU will have to execute, even if it is just the check to see whether that feature is enabled. Do that a few hundred or a few thousand times and a previously fast code path will have its performance degraded. This is the unavoidable tax of feature creep.
Google is going to bring something out - it might take 9 months - but they will blow the hinges off when they get there
>> and some text about that person that was incorrect.

>> Reported to GPDP.

That's why we should regulate humans before regulating AI.

People expect a statistical tool to be omniscient.
(((:::)))
Only difference between Sweden and Finland is that Finland stopped all rent regulation in 1985.

I was a landlord during that era, and after few years of turmoil, most rents started go down.

Nowadays the rents are mostly costs + 40% -(32% capital gains tax) ie worse than most other investment. You only invest on housing because you expect home ownership raise on that area.
Spooky ~~action~~ belief at a distance.
> c++ syntax has a toxic complexity

irrelevant.

any language that allows polymorphism (i.e same name for a procedure call with different versions used for different argument types) has to do some sort of naming trick to make this possible (since the idea is unknown at assembler or linker level). what makes c++ tricky for linkage is almost entirely just this, which has nothing to do with c++ syntax at all.
You're correct in practical terms, but I'm making a very pedantic point about what the standard requires happen, mainly because this pedantry has important implications for e.g. safety critical C. Note 1 to the definition in 3.4.3 provides some clarification about the extent of UB and states that UB can manifest at translation time. It also gives says that the translator should behave in a documented manner when encountering UB, but does not require that it do so.
We're truly on the cusp of a civilizational metamorphosis.
I like this video about the cost of housing in Tokyo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iGbC5j4pG9w
I know several non-techie people who have Decks now. Some are into casual PC games that don't have mobile ports but work really well on Deck, and others are hardcore console gamers whose favorite games have a PC port but don't ship on Switch or whatever.

I also know a couple Linux users who are playing a lot more games recently because so much stuff just works now. Thanks Valve.
I wonder if our prison folk are healthier than Wagners.
I read it as getting written up for minor infractions that otherwise would be overlooked. Clock in a minute late? Write-up. Clock out 2 minutes late without manager approval? Write-up. Skip a minor safety precaution that everyone skips as a matter of doing business? Write-up.

Rinse. Repeat.
(((:::)))

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C17F5VZ9

"As the first artificial general intelligence,"
I wasn't even claiming my original idea had much substance because it is so obvious. I hardly think I've solved a real-world problem because the real problem is people and politics while we're discussing theory. But if you want a simple proposal to address wealth inequality that's one way to do it. And wealth evaluation isn't an impossible problem because wealth is regularly evaluated in every market - real estate, art, stocks, cash.

No solution is ideal. But it's not an intractable problem because it's regularly solved every day around the world for all sorts of reasons. If we created a branch of government whose purpose was to do this I think they could figure it out. So in that sense I'm offloading the problem to people whose job it would be to figure out the problem.

Anyway, I've spent way too much time arguing about something I don't even care about. Cheers.
Japanese psychotherapist Shoma Morita, for anyone wondering:

https://www.theatlantic.com/daily-dish/archive/2011/01/quote...
An annotated look through the release of the Twitter algorithm
There are parts of the US where houses are similarly cheap even today, problem is, no one wants to live there. People want to simultaneously live in very popular cities but also not want to pay a high rent. Both can't be true at once.

...Or can it? The solution then is to build more housing; YIMBYism, go to local government meetings and vote for YIMBYist candidates. After all, all of the NIMBY people who bought their house decades ago are there, day after day. There really is no way around this.
Sitting in the office on calls all day is pointless, I agree. Personally I'm at the point where unless you are particularly important, I will not get on a call with you. If you want my help, come walk to my desk and talk to me. Otherwise I might reply to an email when I feel like it.
Did you keep it down? The pictures alone make it look very unappetizing, but I have to assume there is a significant aroma to the dish as well.
Caching is only amortizing if the exact same computation is repeated exactly. And even then, the first full computation is slowed down by a failed cache lookup at the beginning and all code paths that can lead to cache invalidation now have to test for that and trigger it.
A free Notion-style avatar generator
You might be interested in looking-glasses [1], it is a pre-configured setup for running your GPU on a Windows VM by hardware passthrough. Small catch is that you need at least 2 video cards, as you need to give up your main one to the VM

[1]: https://looking-glass.io/
For the last few years I've been collecting computer history books that I get at used book stores. Unfortunately, I have more just collected than read them, but I did read and enjoy Steve Jobs and the NeXT Big Thing and Gates: How Microsoft's Mogul...
Always curious what sort of monitoring is used here, pressure valves, temperature, could we assume there's ultra-high-FPS cameras at every useful vantage point? Would there be any vantage point you could put a camera(or other sensor) that wouldn't get destroyed in a catastrophic unplanned disassembly?
One Click and Bing AI chick #HOE!
https://tinyurl.com/JoeVaAI
Yes absolutely. In my mind, the US has had a robust rock and pop history, but name an artist pre 2000 and a good chance they are from the UK. The US slays now with hip hop and r&b, but the UK has their own unique scenes like grime, which aren’t big in the states.
> First, you might have meant c = a+b;

> The other way isn't really definable as an assignment mathematically.

This correction is condescending and unnecessary. Unless the person had never written a single line of code in their life, then they would obviously know "a+b" is not a modifiable lvalue.

And the point about pass/fail was also obviously not mean to capture the full complexity of the flags set by a CPU operation. It was very clearly a statement about how basic addition does not behave in computers the way it does on paper -- as simple as that.

From HN guidelines: "Please respond to the strongest plausible interpretation of what someone says, not a weaker one that's easier to criticize."
Are Arab women known to have agency to have careers and complete control of their lives?

Some women in some subcultures may choose to have more kids than others, but by and large, giving birth and raising a baby is not a walk in the park, so I cannot see many women jumping up and down to have more than 2 or 3 kids.
As per 1, my understanding was that the training corpus is a well-known, and human-curated dataset. Its not just scraping the internet or anything.
> I interact with people outside of work

Ding ding ding.

I think this right here is the key. It was eye opening to learn how few of my coworkers had anyone outside of work. It’s heartbreaking but clearly a burning epidemic.

I also learned how many of my coworkers prioritized being in the office every day of the week over working at home with their spouses and/or children. I can’t get over that in particular. It’s none of my business, but nonetheless it angers me.
Ask HN: Attack resilience beyond tweaking Cloudflare?
Today I had my first DDoS attack. It was awesome, I learned a ton! I'm curious about what else I could look into to level up in this subject (Web Security, Networking, Attacks). These are multiple fields where the HN crowd has great mentors.

Here are a few concepts and lessons from today:

- Caching: stopping attacks by just making your setup more scalable. In my case this involved leveraging Cloudflare's network by ensuring I served everything I could without using my servers. I am aware this comes with troubles not related to security but will skip that to focus the discussion on attack mitigation.

- Rate limiting: the frequency with which regular users hit endpoints is likely to be far (1-3 orders of magnitude?) from what a full blown attack would throw at your server. This helps setting aggressive rules on how often someone (as defined by IP, etc/metadata) can hit your server.

- Simple/dumb short-term fixes that wont work even medium-term should be tried: in my case there was one specific url being hit, and I hesitated to set such an easy to bypass rule because my attacker 'would obviously change it once it started failing'. It ended up stopping the attack... I understand this may not be so clear cut always (hindsight bias, easy fix that could be validated immediately).

- Involving more layers of your stack increases you capacity to handle attacks: this sounds obvious but keeping requests from getting to your application becomes easier if you can tweak Cloudflare, tweak your ngnix/heroku, and also being able to catch stuff at the application level. Each layer has to deal with an order of magnitude less requests than the one before it, so the attack has to be bigger and bigger the more layers contribute in this dynamic.

- Paging is important: as a small company, we hadn't put as much thought as would have been good to have today.

Got an immersive glimpse of a part of level 0 today and would love to see what paths the HN crowd has taken to learn more about attacks and web security.
right but I'm guessing a huge percentage is baby boomers or Gen X'ers who bought a house 10 or more years ago. I'm curious to see a graph of home ownership rate history for people between 25 and 39 years old, I'm guessing it is lower now than 30 years ago.
In Australia I keep seeing "Chip Shortage" signs on windows of restaurants, but its a shortage of potatoes leading to higher prices or more defects on your hot chips. Relief is expected in a month or so https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/2023-03-20/hot-chips-short... but may repeat for another year. Like the other chips you never thought it would happen to such a fundamental product and then it did.
I like that you entirely ignored their parenthesized statement immediately following what you just quoted. If you're going to respond to a point, at least respond to the entire point the other person makes.
As a 33-year-old with no family, I'm happy to finally have a chance to go back in the office again.
Remote work is convenient for the not-so-odd case of having young children at home.
I'm sympathetic to their goals. They want to make sure all of the hardware and software is open for their customers to be able to arbitrarily examine and modify, which is laudable and is very much the sort of thing that 3D printer customers care about. But also they're desperately searching for a way to research and design new printers without some other company immediately selling exact clones of their devices. A "here's all the plans, do whatever you like...except making and selling our exact device" license seems like an extremely fair compromise, especially compared to the default choice of "stop being open to make cloning harder."

Comments are right that bans of that sort are pretty much definitionally not "open source," and Prusa would be wrong to use that term if they went down this path. I think, though, that there should definitely be a space for companies that want to preserve their copyright but also be very open with their hardware and software. It'd just need a different word.
> Hence the demand for something else.

Something else would not be ChatGPT tuned for your site. Like I said there are other models, but a lot of people want ChatGPT as they currently interact with it but with additional knowledge about their website. This is that.

> Apple's GPU doesn't benchmark much different than competing iGPUs for gaming.

GPGPU is not gaming. Unified memory means that Apple Silicon's "RAM" can be compared to VRAM for inference.
There's no denying the userland's different, there's just this notion where one's called GNU/Linux and the other ART/Linux (Android RunTime) but the thing they share in common is the Linux kernel,
hence the name.
> - Do not 'set -o pipefail' by default. It will only waste your time when your scripts start failing because some command in the middle of a pipe returned non-zero while still outputting the result you wanted, and you spend 3 hours adding debugging to figure out where the error was coming from and write some extra error handling code. Just check if the result of the pipe looks accurate. Same result, fewer failures.

Exactly how do you "check if the result of the pipe looks accurate" without having to get a human to check the log file?

The whole point of automation is to get rid of human interaction even if it requires some upfront work to implement error handling where appropriate...
France is 643,801km^2 (that number may include some departments not physically part of "Metropolitan France"). If they were uniformly distributed, 632 restaurants would be 1 per 1018km^2. A land area of 1018km^2 is actually a box about 32km per side, and so on average, a restaurant and a campground would be about 16km apart.

So ... you're not far off.

IFFFFF the restaurants were evenly distributed. They almost certainly are not.
There is never going to be a 100% improvement in 'normal' rockets - you cant gey any more energu out of a chemical reacrion. We are using all the energy that we can get out of the most powerfull fuels that exist.

The only two ways to get 'sci-fi style rocket is either nuclear, or to beam energy to the rocket from outside with giant lasers.
Thanks, I got carried away.

I can't edit but it looks like the comment was flagged, so hopefully it's buried/invisible.
I would guess that any heavy lift container crane includes cameras, thermal cameras, scales, and some weather stuff to get rain and wind readings.

But it's less about the cranes themselves than the port complex, which includes things like NBC sensors, and more importantly records of which marked containers belong to who and are going where, which would also be managed by this software. Knowing where US companies are shipping supplies is a huge asset in a variety of ways.
I'm not sure if you're making a point about "unspecified behavior" (where the compiler can choose between multiple valid behaviors), but no, a strictly conforming program will have the same semantics on different architectures. Strictly conforming programs can still have bugs, but their nature is completely different than UB because that's the point of the standard.
Mr Theseus, a letter from the council. It reads, "at what point in a ships construction-"
I wrote more than just birth control. Women in poorer countries might not have the economic opportunity to have the freedom to choose to have fewer or no kid, i.e. their society coerces them via lack of other options.

Also, in poorer countries, one’s physical securities may be more strongly related to the size of one’s family.
It's a great resource, but very focused on language models. I'd say if you are looking for a general overview of deep learning that fastai is fantastic.
> Good legislation is truly collaborative.

I'd say much good legislation is collaborative, but some necessary legislation is not. FDR's changes for instance. Industry did not want it. Arguably health care in the US needs this too.