skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Idea of using RAM as a block storage died when $/GB and $/IOPS dropped (with DDR3 and SSD). As you can see nobody bothered with them since 2010[0]

> Also, I presume that a SATA interface to store data in RAM might have better performance than the average SSD.

That totally depends on the silicon capabilities and still would be limited by the SATA. Sure, you would have a very low latency on a random IO, but anything with serious throughput (especially if the block size is small) would quickly saturate the bus. You can see it comparing SATA and NVMe drives from the same vendor and model range.

And a personal anecdote - couple of years ago I did played with a software RAM drive (guess I needed something with tons of IO on a moderate sized load?) and the performance was... not good. Sure, it was a software written by some enthusiast and probably wasn't optimized, but still.

Modern SSDs are around $100-150 per TB, so you would get a better size and performance just buying an NVMe drive, with something like M.2 to PCI-E adapter[1] if needed.

PS of course you can just buy an old server mobo and fill it out with your RAM sticks, make a software RAM drive and expose it over Ethernet with iSCSI or FCoE... but again that wouldn't be cheaper than $100-150 NVMe drive.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAM_drive, under "Dedicated hardware RAM drives"

[1] https://www.amazon.com/s?k=m.2+PCIe+converter+card
FYI, This is just a bit extrapolated of a lengthier set of my thought explorations from - https://dakara.substack.com/p/ai-and-the-end-to-all-things
Number 5 is a pretty good deal. You can buy CDs from other banks without opening an account there. The CDs have your typical duration, from one month to multiple years. Each CD is FDIC insured up to the $250K limit. So not only do you get a decent yield on your money, it's FDIC insured as long as you spread the CDs across multiple banks.
If taxpayers help wealthy depositors get more than their insured amounts, (and more than a normal liquidation of assets) that is a bailout

It may or may not be the right thing to do, but it most definitely is a bailout.
Wait ... a Gaussian blur? That doesn't remove ANY information from the image. It looks blurred to our eyes but the same information is all there.

The information is absolutely not gone.

Does it state that it hallucinates craters that were not there in the original, or is it possible the filters simply did an FFT, adjusted the power spectrum to what we expect of a non-blurry picture, hence inverting the Gaussian blur?

EDIT: Note that a deblur of a smooth but "noisy" image can cause "simulation" or "hallucination" entirely without AI. Could be any number of things causing an output image like that (wavelet sharpening, power spectrum calibration, ...). Even if the information isn't recoverable as such, a photo of a Gaussian blur has an unnatural power spectrum that could easily "trick" conventional non-AI algorithms into doing such things.

Especially since the only thing I see in the output is "more detail" (i.e. simply a different power spectrum than the author expected..)
I did this a decade ago when ram density wasn't great and memory channels were limiting. Since then, the performance gap between actual ram and anything over sata has only widened. These days, ram density is much better and you also have persistent memory technologies like Intel Apache Pass that give you so much more density on DDR4 channels with latency tradeoff.

> how does it fare with regards to performance?

What's your use case?
This shouldn't be free, I'd pay $500 for such a thing.
UPDATE: Why? Because it's got all the features without the abuse of the various websites and apps spread out and containing just some of those features. Let alone captchas and Cloudflare and ads.
As someone who works for the NHS building systems that handle user data this blows my mind. How was "don't give advertisers personal data" or at the very least "don't give advertisers medical data" not top priority!?

This is the type of data breach that people should go to jail for.
As a followup, the 13B model similarly runs great on the 24GB MacBook Air. It seems to perform a lot better (output wise) and about twice as slow per token.

Output from 7B "The first man on the moon was ":
The first man on the moon was 19-year-old Luna 15-year-old man, so the eyes of the world on him, as he was the first man in the moon after the moon.
The second man on the moon was a 45-year-old American man, Neil Armstrong. In 1969, Neil Armstrong, with Aldrin, landed on the moon and set foot on the moon, became a hero to the world. At that time, the United States succeeded in landing on the moon with a manned spacecraft, NASA's Apollo 11 Lunar Module

main: mem per token = 14434244 bytes
main: load time = 1865.80 ms
main: sample time = 259.36 ms
main: predict time = 23119.33 ms / 170.00 ms per token
main: total time = 25916.14 ms

Output from 13B "The first man on the moon was ":
The first man on the moon was 38 year old Neil Armstrong (Buzz Aldrin was the second man to walk on the moon, he was the lunar module pilot).
What was the first man to land on the moon?
Neil Armstrong was the first person to step on the moon on July 20, 1969.
What did Neil Armstrong say when he landed on the moon?
Neil Armstrong said, "Houston, Tranquillity Base here, the Eagle has landed."
What are the facts about Neil Armstrong?
Neil Armstrong is an American

main: mem per token = 22439492 bytes
main: load time = 3692.42 ms
main: sample time = 260.61 ms
main: predict time = 42439.68 ms / 312.06 ms per token
main: total time = 47629.22 ms
Do you want everyone taking money out of ATM machines, stuffing it in their mattress? Literal bank runs? This sounds extreme, but that is a possibility if the public genuinely perceives there is "no safe place for money."
Useless government! Maybe we can appeal to our corporate overlords and each company can decide to use it or not..
That's pretty fun, very different.
I don't think this is within the existing authority of the FDIC, or Federal Reserve to do. I'm not an expert, so happy to be corrected, but given where things are currently -- with SBV closed, assets transferred to the Deposit Insurance Bank of Santa Clara -- I believe this would take an act of Congress.

And I sincerely doubt there is appetite in Congress for a bank bailout for Big Tech.
In theory? The cushion is about 1.2% or so of the total deposits [1]. In practice: Short of the federal government collapsing the 250k$ per depositor per institution will be paid.

[1] https://www.fdic.gov/analysis/quarterly-banking-profile/fdic...
unless I'm misunderstanding the number
My reason for staying away from posix-shell as much as possible is that it has so many ways to shoot itself in the foot.
This is also only indirectly touched in the article.
I'd rather write 10x as long Python scripts than to shoot myself in the foot with posix-shell again.
true, but that's a divisive thing because nobody knows how to tax the 25% richest people, so it never gets done. everybody is arguing "what is rich", and for rich people, there is always somebody richer than them.

it's up to the lawmakers to do it. the protests are there to make them sweat so they can find a compromise.

taxes are always a non-sequitur because most people have no idea how they work, which allows the rich to not pay them.
That’s interesting.

Honesty I always thought ML would have the opposite problem. Numerics folks tired of the grind of being a scientist, looking to cash out and sell GEMVs and linear fits at a premium.
There comes a point where an estimate turns into a guess though. I would argue they are way past that point.
The suggestion was probably to put more ram in the computer you already have.

To answer your question though, devices like that have been made from time to time, but I don't think I've seen one since DDR2. It really would be easier to increase your system ram and run a software ram drive.

If you're already maxed out on ram, you would need to get a new system with more ram slots or higher capacity per slot, etc of course. If you get some off-lease server hardware, you can get tons of slots though.

If you're wanting to do something with old ram sitting around, you should probably find a marketplace to sell it. Or plan to hoard it until it's retro.
Many people advise against using shell scripts for non trivial stuff. Is there a language as convenient as shell for calling and piping external programs but with proper typing and error handling?

People advise using Python but I don't see myself using subprocess and Popen for gluing programs together and end up writing shell scripts anyway, I'm pretty comfortable with posix shell.
What irresponsible behavior are you talking about? Having $4M of operating cash held in an account at a medium-sized bank? A company that can comfortably get by with < $250k of cash reserves is small indeed.

The actual irresponsible behavior here seems to have been on the part of SVB in treating T bonds and excessively correlated business loans as low-risk assets, and on the part of regulators for allowing this because SVB wasn’t quite big enough to have to follow the real rules. But there was no good way for SVB’s depositors to know any of this.

Heck, SVB was older than a decent fraction of its depositors and their executives. It’s was an institution around here. You can wander around a few towns and find their branches. What were people and businesses supposed to do? Walk around, point to the SVB branch and say “nope, not those folks — they don’t understand interest rate risk”?
SVB would have failed even it held only Treasuries on its book. Those are literally used to define the risk-free rate of return. The assets were not risky. It was their duration mismatch that was the problem.
Runs smooth and silent on a macbook air
I have worked for this company in the past. I would highly advise staying FAR away from this company.
depositors are only entitled to what is left over after resolution of the assets, nothing more! dont make this situation worse by advocating for something unethical and which is bad for the entire system
The oil shell is an attempt to move forward:

https://www.oilshell.org/
I can’t recall the last time I saw $2 coffee. I don’t drink drip except my own, probably not for decades, and the last time I remember looking it was more like $2.50, and in towns with lower standard of living. If you’re charging $2 for coffee today you should probably raise the prices if you can’t work out how to make a profit. Fifty cents on two dollars is a 25% profit margin.

Edit: I just looked up the local 50’s diner. $2.79 for what is probably bottomless but burned drip coffee. That definitely makes them money. But That’s 39% more than $2.

To reiterate: if someone tells me they’re planning to sell coffee for $2 I believe them. And then ask where they think they’re making their money because it’s not going to be on the coffee.
> Bailing out these depositors would send the wrong message and encourage moral hazard, i.e., the belief that someone else will always bear the costs of risky behavior.

Totally agree, and this is what makes me so furious. On one hand, you have all these business leaders demanding fewer regulations because they're "costly", but then when shit hits the fan suddenly everyone, from congresspeople on both sides, to billionaire investors and tech leaders, is crying on Twitter how it's the "end of civilization" if they don't get a bailout.

The whole purpose of things like insurance and regulations is so that you can plan for disasters before they occur. If political pressure can ensure a bailout regardless if depositors are over the FDIC limit, than we should just drop the pretense of there being "uninsured deposits" and demand that depositors pay for insurance, regardless of their deposit amount, up front.

At the very least they need laws in place so they can claw back money from those who took advantage of loose regulations (or prosecute egregious cases). The CEO of SVB sold millions of stock 2 weeks before it collapsed. He better be first in line to return money to make depositors whole if there is a bailout.

So sick of this "heads I win tails you lose" BS.
1. Because you've already maxed out your DIMM slots

2. For the cost of upgrading to larger RAM is prohibitive because you have to throw away your existing DIMMs and replace them with new-to-market DIMMs that are extortionate because they've only just appeared
Ally focuses on consumers. My wife has an account there with less than 250k fdic limit. So if we hear it may be insolvent, we will just wait.
Besides everything else, can I just say how crazy it is to pause an upgrade, while the system is in a partially upgraded state, to ask the user a question? If the user forgets and reboots the system or hibernates it, your system is likely hosed.

If you must ask questions, at least ask them all at the beginning of the upgrade before any modifications are made, and record the answers somewhere in an upgrade log so that a sysadmin can audit the choices afterwards.

But for an even better experience, provide a tool as well to output any choices to a file before the upgrade process starts. The sysadmin can select answers in a text editor, and then that file can be read in by the upgrade system for the upgrade process later. That way an entire fleet can be configured consistently.

Debian currently has none of these, it pauses your entire installation while it's at its most fragile and the choices are ephemeral.
Noon is the only stable, visible marker. You don't see midnight. Unless you're at the equator sunrise and sunset will always shift.

12 is totally arbitrary. We could use a decimal clock. That's all historical. But because noon is when the sun is highest, most people can look at the light quality outside and know immediately what time of day it is.

Many cultures eat lunch at different times than noon. Some modern cultures even like to completely skip lunch.

And I agree. The coordination problem is impossibly large and annoying. So just skip it. Don't shift clocks around to try to coordinate. Give businesses and schools more ability to set and change their hours.

Why on earth and sun should we use this arbitrary artifact of a failed attempt to drive social coordination (daylight savings) as the new normal?
Too bad it isn’t responsive for mobile devices.
No, because bailing out the depositors will not keep the bank from going under. The bank will still go out of business and its investors will still lose all their money. Same for the next bank that goes under, even if its depositors are also bailed out.
Its a portfolio/resume in the style of a classic "criminology board" reminiscent of older procedural detective dramas - the kind before computers were widespread, where evidence would be mapped out and charted in person.
https://qz.com/965779/mcdonalds-isnt-really-a-fast-food-chai...

> About 85% of the company in 2016 was represented by franchisee-run locations—people who agree to operate individual McDonald’s restaurants with a licensed privilege to the branding. But rather than collect a lot in royalties or sell its franchisees cooking equipment, McDonald’s makes much of its revenue by buying the physical properties and then leasing them to franchisees, often at large mark-ups.

https://www.wallstreetsurvivor.com/mcdonalds-beyond-the-burg...

> Today McDonald’s makes its money on real estate through two methods. Its real estate subsidiary will buy and sell hot properties while also collecting rents on each of its franchised locations. McDonald’s restaurants are in over 100 countries and have probably served over 100 billion hamburgers. There are over 36,000 locations worldwide, of which only 15% are owned and operated by the McDonald’s corporation directly. The rest are franchisee-operated.
There's an argument that this interpreter is responsible for explaining all our decisions - it's just that mostly our decisions are more easily make sense of (or at least, seem to make sense to others). That it, our consciousness is not running the show, but is just along for the ride.
Researching UAP (UFOs): Harvard University's Galileo Project – With Abby White
If you’re a startup founder working on your tech 120h/week you don’t want to think about your money if you already have it.

I see this event as a black swan for startups: some will be wiped out like dinosaurs 65M years ago with their only fault being not aware of the meteor risk. Deal templates will get amended and the next batches will go on as before.

Besides I’ll be very surprised if SVB isn’t called JPM by 9 am Monday.
How it is possible that people belived that these images are not artificially enchanced? Like it is obvious, there is no way a phone sensor can take such detailed photos of the Moon. I am surprised this was even a discussion.
What if the FDIC or someone pays all depositors and then takes over the long-term bond portfolio, intending to hold to maturity?
> Masks are rated. They have physics limitations on particle size they can prevent or not.

You seem to be trying to turn a complex (largely) sociological discussion into a pure science discussion.

We can likely mostly agree that certain lab experiments show that certain masks, when properly worn, have X + Y positive effects to mitigate certain types of particle transmissions. But this still doesn't mean masks should be mandated or even worn by most people.

To start with, it goes without saying that most people don't wear masks even close to correctly, and the experiments that show that masks in a lab setting are effective are not necessarily completely relevant to this discussion. Masks in a medical setting must be a proper type that's fitted, put on correctly, worn for one task in one room for a limited time, and then taken off safely. Nothing about this chain of affairs happens correctly for the overwhelming majority of mask wearing, even by dedicated mask-enthusiasts.

But the bigger question is this. Why should your risk-management decision on masks take precedence over another individuals? Shouldn't an individual have the absolute right to decide their level of acceptable risk for themselves? Let's be clear: there is no scientific experiment that conclusively says that one risk-management decision is an objectively correct one over another. Why should your assessment be forced on another?

And these discussions don't even get into the substantial and numerous harmful effects of masks to peoples lives: even if masks have a positive to offer, the negatives are never considered as part of a rational cost-benefit analysis.

To me, the actual discussion over masks is almost entirely not about anything related to science. We're debating risk-management, values, and costs-benefits.
i think you answered that yourself as the answer is... you
Or you could buy insurance on the balance above 250k.
No, Gaussian blur does not "destroy" fine detail. It is still there it is just that the "volume" of it is turned down. You can put all the fine detail back again by applying the inverse filter.
A CMA is by far the most straightforward answer. I'm pretty sure it's only meant to be a parking lot between selling securities and buying something else, but mine at fidelity does have all the functions a normal checking account has in addition to the $1.2m of FDIC protection.
Yeah the author glossed over this a bit in my opinion. In infinite precision math you're correct, but at some point the signal in those higher frequencies is going to be reduced below the precision of the storage data type, never mind the dynamic range of the monitor and camera he's using.
If you just keep amplifying volatility by throwing more money onto the table, you will eventually see a bust that sees you leave the casino for a life on the streets. It can look like ratcheting for a while when you've collected a few of big wins, but eventually one of your busts will be so big that it wipes you out entirely. That wouldn't be so great for that country you're talking about.
Silicon Valley Bank's leadership team and BoD
They invest the USD. If the investments work out, they keep the profits. If they don’t, the customers just got crypto’d
Used to be a similar joke in frontend a few years ago when css was at its complexity peak. Where the progression is junior: "I'll just use bootstrap", mid: "I'll write my own css custom tailored to the project", senior: "I'll just use bootstrap."

I also think some of this... attitude? learning? is what go is trying to activate/take advantage of. Everywhere I've worked has had some monstrously experienced senior dev who could easily crack out a solution to a problem of any difficulty but who refuses to use any abstraction more sophisticated than a for loop.

Go says you don't need anything more sophisticated than a for loop, in fact you can't have anything more sophisticated than a for loop. I guess I'm not there yet but it definitely seems suspicious that the people I know who are most into go are very early in their careers or deeply experienced.
Yes that's reasonable. That's probably not what's happening here. In some ways, the _promise_ of the FDIC getting depositors almost all their money back is enough.

The biggest problem people have right now is time. Over time, everyone will probably get most of their deposits from SVB back from SVB assets.

What people (the ones who know what they're talking about, anyway) are asking for is closer to taxpayers covering the costs of getting that money back sooner. There's a definite cost, but it's not taxpayers writing checks to cover deposit values.
> Anyone writing code in a language they don't know will write nightmarish code. No matter if it is shell, Python, Go, or what have you. I have seen it happen multiple times as well, with all of these languages. And /that/'s the problem.

Came here to say this.
What's frustrating about investing is everything is obvious in hindsight.
In the US, Labor's unemployment figure is generally about 20 percentage points below the actual number (eg:5% unemployment =~25% actually unemployed)[1].

In the EU, do countries report actual unemployment or do EU countries adjust their numbers (downward) like the US?

[1] Take the total number of US 16-64yo and subtract the sum of FT & PT workers. This gives us the actual number of unemployed (16-64). That number is consistently a bit more than 20 percentage points above Bureau of Labor Statistics' official unemployment figure.
If my time on the internet have thought me anything, it is to not assume anything when people ask questions. Countless of times when people complain about their GPU is not working, it's because they didn't change the display cable from directly to the motherboard into the GPU itself.

Maybe author is not super into "build a PC" movement, but know they need more RAM, so they ask the question that makes sense to them. I don't know, and I won't assume either, so asking basic questions first makes sense.

Maybe they weren't aware you could create arbitrary memory space on hard-drives via swap, so questions around that would be appropriate as well.
The evidentiary value of photography will plummet.
Why would you do this? A modern ssd outperforms the SATA interface.
They buy treasuries and collect 4.5% on $40 billion.
Organoid Intelligence (OI)
ARM does indeed have benefits, but if the most notable ones to you are laptop hardware and screen quality then I'd argue that ARM doesn't really interest you at all.
Macbook air has no fan
Lots of banks offer services like these; for example, IntraFi Network Deposits, which is mentioned in the article has more than 3000 members, which is more than 50% of US banks, since there are less than 5000 commercial banks in the US.
Isn't your example of legitimate differences of opinion evidence that there is no clearly better option?
Curious why they are focusing on this gadget when every hacking function in it has a related item for sale. Are they also blocking Hak5 Wifi Pineapples, or the micro voice activated recorders, or the key-chain sized security card cloning devices, or the myriad of gps tracking gadgets? Do they block downloads of Kali Linux?