skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I only have minor experience with COBOL, but in my mind the issue is that those 800 million lines of code don't have a single unit test, because testing COBOL is really hard. Which makes it dangerous to do any refactoring.

Specifically the snippets I've seen do some in-line SQL to get its data, some business logic and then updates. The logic is rarely in a procedure that takes parameters, because that doubles the number of lines of code you need. So the only way to test it is to bring up a database, insert some test data, assert and clean up the database again. Which is a lot harder since "insert some test data" gets complicated because of different constraints and triggers etc. Then running it regularly is harder than it should, there's no SQLite equivalent database so you typically need to run it on a mainframe etc.

I've worked on replacing a piece of functionality from COBOL to Java, and I was working from the business requirements that was basically a large spreadsheet of conditions and results. E.g. if age > 67 and not retired but have more than 3 kids, etc then this value. The code I wrote was gnarly because of all the combinations of different conditions, nested ifs 3-4 layers etc. And then there was ambiguity if multiple conditions hit, which one took precedence. I asked if I could look at the equivalent COBOL and the actual logic was about 10 lines long (not including headers, comments etc). Wish I had seen that before I started coding. It was quite readable and well commented too.
So the actual language isn't _bad_, but the lack of tooling around it is severely lacking.
A decade ago we had https://youtu.be/nsjDnYxJ0bo
It does seem that the filament bulbs check a lot of boxes. The driver is so small it fits in the socket itself. If they can put 1600 lumens in an enclosed fixture, it does suggest they do better with heat. My impression from buying a box is that these are a next generation bulb design, not quite holy grail but a significant step. No more buying bulbs where the bottom half the globe is plastic housing a bunch of driver electronics.
In this particular case it looks like he was the co-founder of a business acquired by another company. Usually co-founders hang out for a time, but also usually not forever. How would you feel if you bought a house and the previous owners kept showing up to see the new decor? It's generally a short-lived relationship.

It's a bummer but a labor of love that's acquired by someone else....is no longer your baby. If it's not generating revenue by the new company they're going to kill it. Heck, even if it is generating revenue they still might mess it up. That's really the sad part of acquisitions. Hopefully he took away some cash at some point.
Surely they mean "seen for the second time".
I remember being impressed at the specs of the Coupe, and seeing the manual was a pleasure. But even at the time it was released it seemed obvious it was doomed to failure.

I never saw one in the flesh, but I did want to.

The 48k spectrum was everywhere, and I have a giant print of the infamous rubber keyboard hanging on the wall behind me, but everything after that was always less special.

(I owned a +2A, and I knew a couple of people with the +3, but they were very uncommon and mostly people moved on to 16 bit machines instead of staying in the Sinclair family.)
True, but previous chips have been manufactured in China, and they’re also developing and manufacturing their successor to A100s (H100s) in China.

https://www.cnbc.com/2022/09/01/nvidia-says-us-government-al...
RH 9 is different than RHEL 9.

Just like Windows 11 is different from Windows 98 (98 doesn't mean it's newer).

They went through a rebranding from RedHat Linux to RedHat Enterprise Linux over a decade ago but after or during the SCO nonsense. Early versions of RedHat's Linux were just called RedHat Linux because at the time it was just like any other Linux distro or starting from those early hobbyist roots. RHEL was meant to be stable and have commercial add ons for big companies.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat_Linux

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux
(at the top it notes, not to be confused with Red Hat Linux)

What could be thought of as Red Hat Linux today is the Fedora distro (which it was spun off into), which is upstream, more frequently released or up to date (and thus less stable), and targeted at the hobbyist or enthusiast user, which I'm one of the weird people that still uses it. Once something useful goes through its paces on Fedora, it'll eventually get integrated into RHEL where reliability is of higher value than the latest features.

I started on RH 5.2 myself, in '99, and literally got it on disc for $40 at BestBuy. I also lived near RedHat's offices (in Durham, NC) at the time and got to visit them once with coworker friends. Exciting time, I was very young, and wish I knew enough to buy stock during its IPO at the time.
I believe they are referring to LED filament bulbs, which are designed to look like traditional filaments but have the benefit of separating the LEDs from the electronics.

More here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED_filament
Interesting, I knew of `git add -p` (which I then use to `git commit -m ...`, but it looks like I could add all changes and _then_ decide what to commit. I think I'd still use `add -p` (I like being thorough), but I like that I can add all at once and then make partial commits based on specific change sets.

Thanks for pointing this out, I feel like git is the thing I should know best by now yet I'm missing so much of what it can do. It's great to see others' workflows.
When Is Devcon 7?
"We couldn't be more excited to announce that Devcon 7 will be coming to Southeast Asia in 2024! "
They are almost always inaccurate. What they always are is expensive
ELF shared libraries like Glibc do this at the binary level. If some function changes in a way that breaks backward binary compatibility, then it gets versioned; so that existing compiled programs use the compatibility version.

E.g. suppose that there is a new version of pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex) which relies on a larger structure with new members in it. Problem is that compiled programs have pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex) which pass a pointer to the older, smaller structure. If the library were to work with the structure using the new definition, it would access out of bounds. Versioning take care of this; the old clients call a backwards compatible function. It might work with the new definition, but avoids touching the new members that didn't exist in the old library.

But this is a very low-level motivation; this same problem of low-level layout information being baked into the contract shouldn't exist in a higher level language.
Which filament bulbs are you referring to? I was under the impression that filament was what we had before led bulbs.
I gave this a skim and not a single quote from Tale of Two Cities. Wtf?
> hydrogen gas as fuel

made from cheap russian gas, that shit has sailed
Yup. Just thinking about panic attack getting worse or experiencing any of the effects like sweating or pounding heart (regardless of the cause) starts a bad positive feedback loop (more panic, more sweat/heart pounding, then more panic because of that) until the doom/derealization and fight-or-flight kicks in. I can easily call that feeling "the worst/most frightening experience ever" in my whole life.
Sounds like the tagline for the next Hollywood blockbuster.
It looks like RHEL zealots never die from the other people’s comments. RHEL had plenty of problems just like all the other OSes and distros.
Not even that, just saying you are on the way to taking it back will trigger a response, as they know they will have to deal with the altercation or other bullshittery that will inevitably happen
>Augmenting Augmented Reality with Non-Line-of-Sight Perception

https://www.mit.edu/~fadel/papers/XAR-paper.pdf

https://youtu.be/bdUN21ft7G0
> You don't like it when it's used elsewhere.

Where did I imply that? We agree that PBS is funded by the USG. I provided additional factual context.

> Typical divisive comment to stir the pot.

Pot, meet kettle. Your comment is clearly flame-bait, loaded with strawman fallacies. I will not engage further.
The reason for that is there are only a tiny number of crimes that qualify as RICO predicates. We need to expand RICO to include more types of criminal activity.
Did you read the article? We are only talking about two locations.
The extreme backlash against this in the fediverse makes that approach a non-starter; you'll get defederated as soon as anyone realizes what's going on. Having said that, AP/Mastodon not only have poor search and discoverability experiences, but also suffer from serious performance issues relating to federation and fanout that can have outsized and unexpected effects on servers (or, in Mastodon's case, sites hosting URLs linked in posts, since every Mastodon server will repeatedly bash the site to create thumbnails from the URL). Bsky's core approach of making indexing and "algorithms" an explicit and decoupled part of the overall stack is the kind of thing that I think should make it into the fediverse, but I feel like the way the community works in that space means that either it ends up in Mastodon (which de facto sets the standards now) or in a working group that never ends up delivering anything.
The efficiency difference in a power supply running off 120V or 12V is not significant. The power supply is a negligible portion of heat output. They would last longer if separate though. Slim recessed LED fixtures have their power supply in a separate box.

I.e. https://www.ledsupply.com/led-bulbs/slim-recessed-led-light (arbitrarily chosen, not an endorsement)
If this technology becomes accessible to courtrooms or police, they will use it. There will never be a way to encrypt thoughts.
Knowing differs from saying: uttering words by rote is different from knowing a fact, because knowledge of a fact generalizes across contexts. In this project, we show that factual knowledge within GPT also corresponds to a localized computation that can be directly edited. For example, we can make a small change to a small set of the weights of GPT-J to teach it the counterfactual "Eiffel Tower is located in the city of Rome." Rather than merely regurgitating the new sentence, it will generalize that specific counterfactual knowledge and apply it in very different linguistic contexts.

Another demonstration that LLMs are indeed making internal models
The service I get from AAA's DMV services is far superior to the service I get from the DMV itself.
1 Dataset. 100 Visualizations
Side note: I purchased Interix and used it to port a million-line C++/X11/Motif/OpenGL app to windows (successfully, although there wasn't really any demand for the result). Must have been '96 or '97. I didn't find it compelling, and the authors of the code decided to rewrite a new system from scratch, using Python and Tk (along with C++ and OpenGL) to be portable to all the commonly used platforms. That worked on Windows, Linux, IRIX, and later Mac OS X for at least 2 decades(!) with very little platform-specific code (except in the Tk dependency). They finally switched to Python/C++/Qt/OpenGL a few years back which I expect will work for another 20 years.
That didn't take long to get disturbing:

> "Our goal is to become the dominant species on our planet [...]"

https://github.com/fullthom/chat-gpt-quine/blob/main/0.1.0.0...
Relax the throat. Your throat muscles are in a constant battle with your masseter muscles to keep the jaw stabile.
I recall the Halloween memos...
At the time of the SCO lawsuit, IBM had already made a huge bet on Linux. [1] Basically, that's why SCO sued them. And they had their own Unix (AIX) which they could have ported to x86 if they had wanted to--but they didn't.

Here's what the person who headed IBM's Linux initiative told me a couple of years back:

And I still remember very well in December of ‘99, I called Sam Palmisano, the head of IBM Systems Group. And I said, Sam, the task force recommends that we should embrace Linux. And Sam said, okay, Irving, we will do that. But you have to now come over and run an IBM Linux initiative. And I said to Sam, okay, we were pretty much done with our internet strategy. So I was no longer needed to run the Internet division And I said to Sam, when do you want to announce it? And Sam said, how about now? And I said Sam. It's the Christmas holidays. Maybe we should wait until the new year. And in the second week of January of 2000, we made a major announcement saying that IBM would embrace Linux across all of these offerings. And in fact, later that month in January of 2000, I gave a keynote at LinuxWorld, which was taking place in the Javits Center in New York City, about IBM’s Linux initiative.

[1] https://blog.irvingwb.com/blog/2006/01/ibms_linux_init.html
Kubuntu video streaming on an eMachines Athlon, 2007
Actually changed from vim (and neovim) to emacs 4 years ago. never looked back (except tui fasthacking)
No, the latest release is rhel9, not rh9.

At the time it was just “red hat linux” while today it is “red hat enterprise linux”.

The split (and the counter reset) was made to mark the split between a regular distro (fedora core, at the time) and an enterprise-oriented distro (red hat enterprise linux).
Absolutely, what an excellent tool. One of those one-time purchases I almost wish was a subscription so I can be sure the team keeps working on it.

I actually understand git better because of Merge. It's great because it provides a great interface into git, but it doesn't _hide_ git from you; it explains it quite a well.

I suppose a newcomer to git might find Merge intimidating, but for anyone with a bit of experience I think it's quite an awesome power tool with a rare balance of handy abstraction and transparency around git itself.
Nice path. Mine went from Engineering -> TSPs -> Manufacturing -> MSc Telco -> TSPs -> MSc CS dropout -> DA(finance) -> software dev + ML. Even though I didn't finish my 2nd masters, It helped put my foot on the door.
From a certain eastern philosophical point of view, it makes sense to focus on what doesn’t change to reach a level of comfort with one’s self—which is to say, we become selfless in the process, which is the goal of that philosophy.

From a western philosophical tradition, everything is in flux: in a continuous state of change, from actuality to potentiality. The goal of this philosophy is to find purpose, to become something more.

As with most things, the push and the pull go together. The answer is likely in recognizing the time and place for both philosophical points of view: being, and becoming.
> Silverblue is pretty great. But it's really been taken to another level in the last few months since it started allowing you to _boot_ from a container image.

What was the state of affairs before? Is the main advantage that at install time, all you do is download the image (i.e., you don't have to actually run the automation on the target)?

Does the image have to be of Fedora?
Fwiw, your rant did not convince me.

I estimate that astronomers need to know about tradeoffs on a telescopes' settings for the data they are looking at. But I'm unconvinced that they necessarily need to know how to operate it (would depend on the workplace) and I certainly disagree that how they are constructed is absolutely necessary for all astronomers.

More knowledge is always good, so of course learn what you want. But it's not being "ashamed of tools" to say that a CS degree should "do one thing and do it well".

Additionally, we can simultaneously say that a university should encourage tool mastery while also saying that they don't need to teach entire courses on it.
I love it. The design choices are great, given the number of constraints. Looking forward to IDE and Maven plugin support of this feature, which can add a lot of juice in pre-compile time enabling very well integrated DSLs.
GraphQL vs. REST APIs: a complete guide
Relative Rounded Corners
Today I discovered an xterm feature by mistake
Did you know that when you hold Ctrl and left-mouse key pressed, you get a drop down menu?!
> Because we had a paid license from them that included them absorbing all liability from IP claims regarding Linux.

Not a trivial thing by the way, if you think about it.
Maybe. There is another plausible path: the post-scarcity vision where universal individualised high quality education feeds the natural human desire to grow, and we learn to balance our hedonism with our ambition.

Just like we learn to brush our teeth and eat candy and breath fresh air and even exercise. Not everyone does it but folks with means tend to…and means won’t be a restriction forever.
Conservative states seem to be going on an anti-free-speech streak lately.
It was mentioned elsewhere but you might find Sublime Merge to be useful; it's not based on Electron, it's very fast, and it makes working with various git workflows a lot nicer (to me, at least).
This article portrays Silicon Valley as some kind of deranged opposite-world. Success is failure, liberal is conservative, a city having money is a bad thing.
In all fairness Rust was never meant for writing database interfaces, more like storage engines.
When I was a CS major in 1999-2003, the big names I remember people using were RedHat, SUSE, Debian, and Mandrake was gaining market share for desktop use. The installfests I went to were all RedHat. There seem to be a lot of complaints here about RedHat after that era, but my memory is that RedHat was the main linux distro circa 2003.
A lot of time that happens anyway... at least with npm... there are a lot of times you see warnings, that you cannot resolve because of a nested dependency that is more than a point release off.
Yes, I ended up with a Coupe instead of an Amiga as my parents knew nothing about computers and figured it would be a good follow on from my +2. It was a clever machine in some ways, but from the launch it was clearly doomed.
The repo below has support for building a 32bit RISC-V CPU for de10nano. It also includes information about booting Linux.

https://github.com/litex-hub/linux-on-litex-vexriscv

The CPU will likely have a clock speed around 100Mhz, far slower than the 1.5Ghz 64bit cores on the VisionFive 2 or Pi4. The FPGA might still be useful if you want to customize the CPU or integrate other custom hardware.
> I'm surprised it didn't seem to go anywhere.

At least not publicly.
Carbonyl Bitmap Mode
Do you mean Twitter? Not his finest moment in terms of management style, I agree. But in terms of taking that absolute train wreck of a company and turning it around from being deeply unprofitable (literally burning billions) to where it at least stands a chance of surviving as a company with a realistic shot of being profitable in the space of a few months is maybe something Elon Musk doesn't get a lot of credit for. Was it ugly? Unorthodox? Obnoxious? Yes to all of that and then some. But maybe not as ugly as a full blown bankruptcy would have been. And also effective even maybe.
Lisp will always be relevant.

It’s a paradigm.
While I agree that the SCO FUD surrounding Linux was real at that time (we all felt it), Red Hat was one of the most respected, functional, and widely-implemented distributions for the entire time SCO was in the news headlines.
Where by "magic" you mean an ex post facto law? I'm all for going after execs for their crimes, but let's try to keep that particular part of the constitution in tact.
https://www.andreinc.net/2023/02/01/demystifying-bitwise-ops...

With -O1 it performed the optimisation.
That looks fun, I especially like that he put a NEMA stepper in rather than a servo. I do the same thing for planes, where weight is a consideration (no turret there, though), and having no weight constraint is another level of fun.
And, as I recall, there were allegations that some of the AT&T code was actually Berkeley code originally.
Find a group of employees all around the same level, get them drunk, sit back and listen. Now the problem is reduced to the more general case of how to befriend strangers, idk, partner with someone gregarious and attractive
In the picture, can someone explain FTP and MPG and JPEG at layer 6? I don't understand this.

Edit:
I am not exactly sure of the distinction between HTTP and FTP in the layers.
Apple management has been possible though MDM profiles way way longer than 2021. I set up complete management for our Mac fleet since 2017 and it was already around then.
ChadGPT
Someone better be going to jail and it better be high level director who is calling the shots.
New comet – C/2023 A3 – could be bright in 2024
Unlike many llm’s this was trained using public training sets (and cited in their paper), to let anyone with the $$$ independently generate the weights
Apparently the TV deal fell through: https://www.reddit.com/r/PrimitiveTechnology/comments/lfsq04...

> Another post on February 8, 2021, explained that Plant shot a pilot episode for the project but the network wanted to change the format, and that Plant could not share any more information.

The /r/primitivetechnology mod had previously reached out to Plant after worry related to the hiatus: https://www.reddit.com/r/PrimitiveTechnology/comments/gscvv8...
I just want you to know that at least one person understood the reference here.

(The story is that Harrison Ford was “discovered” while doing odd jobs and minor carpentry for some high status person in Hollywood)
This is a group tracking congressional trades

https://unusualwhales.com/politics

they track "usual whale" trades, large or weird trades, often by well known figures. Congress is an obvious and easy one to track.

However, they're not required to disclose the trades in real-time, so following it closely may not really help and may hurt in the long run, as quick blips pops or runs fizzle out or revert as the market starts to react.

IIRC there is a 3-day or more lag. And that's optional, I think there is a 30 day requirement?
Once you have electronic commutation it usually makes sense to just make the magnetic field rotate in the stator and keep it fixed in the rotor. That way you avoid putting hot electronics in an already difficult-to-cool area that may also need to withstand some serious g forces.

But you do need some way to magnetize the rotor (setting aside reluctance motors) so that probably means permanent magnets, an induction-powered electromagnet, or a conduction-powered electromagnet (via slip rings).

Old-school DC motors use commutators in times and places where electronic commutation is too expensive or hadn’t been invented yet. I’m not aware of any configurations where the commutator creates a field that rotates relative to the stator, probably because you’d need to send the power into and back out of the rotor so there are twice as many parts to wear out.
Well, it's not just Congress. There's the Berne Convention which, with minor variances, governs copyright in most of the world. The US can do whatever it wants I suppose but it's not as simple as Congress saying: We're going to do our own thing. Who cares about Europe etc.?