skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I know much less about the large transformer models than I do about the optical hardware but the hardware ideas have been floating around since the 1980s. The development of lasers-on-a-chip made it all a lot more realizable. E.g.

"On-chip optical matrix-vector multiplier for parallel computation" (2013)

https://spie.org/news/4932-on-chip-optical-matrix-vector-mul...

Figure 1 has a nice visual of the vector-matrix computation in terms of the diode laser array, the multiplexer, the "microring modulator matrix" and the resulting output, the new (output) vector detection system.

> "We have designed and fabricated a prototype of a system capable of performing a multiplication of a M × N matrix A by a N × 1 vector B to give a M × 1 vector C. The mathematical procedure of MVM can be split into multiplications and additions, which is reflected in our design. Figure 1 shows a schematic of the architecture we propose. The elements of B are represented by the power of N modulated optical signals with N different wavelengths (λ1, λ2, …, λN), generated by N modulated laser diodes, either alone or together with N Mach-Zehnder modulators. These signals are multiplexed, passed through a common waveguide, and then projected onto M rows of the modulator matrix by a 1 × M optical splitter. Each element aij of matrix A is represented physically by the transmissivity of the microring modulator located in the ith row and the jth column of the modulator matrix. Each modulator in any one row only manipulates an optical signal with a specific wavelength."

That was 10 years ago, no idea what current state-of-the-art is.
getting hailed on in San Diego at the moment
The beauty of LA is that all the seasons are within driving distance. There are mountain ranges all around, high land between and behind them, and peaks as high as 10,000 ft. All within the county line. Yeah, you get blizzard warnings sometimes.
I think once we have an LLM that can take books 6-12 of the Wheel of Time saga and turn them into a single book we'll be close enough for the size of the memory not to matter.
In some states the average public defender can be taking on case loads of 400 cases in a year. Without the resources to hire expert witnesses, or the time to do a deep dive into a case, the most logical thing you can do as a public defender is take the plea bargain and minimize how much time your client will spend incarcerated. It’s a system of coercion. The DA throws spaghetti at the wall, we overwork public defenders almost forcing them to recommend the defendants plea out, and as a result, incarcerate more people than any other nation. It’s sick

I wish I could remember which book I read it in, but in one counties lawyers joined together and refused all plea bargains. It almost instantly collapsed the legal system in their county and caused a multi year backlog. Our legal system is no longer setup to provide all people the right to a fair trial, we simply don’t provide the resources for it anymore.
At the end of the day security costs money. Should security consultants offer their services for free? Should security guards work for free? Should DDoS protection be free even though it uses expensive firewalls and bandwidth? Should security audits be free? Should badge scanners be free?
I once worked at a firm that ended up spending > 10 MM dollars because a very senior person did not understand statistical noise. There was a metric composed of ~600 human created data points with an error rate of 2%. Every week if the errors doubled very expensive ICs/managers would need to investigate. So the firm started spending more on trying to stabilize the metric - multiple applied scientists were hired to develop new statistical models. Engineering teams were funded to improve data collection. At its peak, there were probably 15+ engineers and scientists working on making sure that 12 errors out of 600 didn't become 24 errors out of 600 a couple weeks out of the year. This problem was compounded by trying to measure ~30 different segments with 600 measures per segment per week.

To this day I'm shocked at how much time that ate up. Expecting leaders to understand statistics was unlikely to work, and we shouldn't be surprised that 5 statisticians paid handsomely to solve the problem came up with ways to occupy their time.
That's for me to know and you to find out in about 20-50 years, give or take.
High Res Image of the Balloon [Tweet]
I already said, higher wages or labor costs result in higher prices. But the other half of that spiral -- that higher prices are the cause of increased labor costs -- is not something I claimed.
The nice thing about the built-in nav is that it always works everywhere in the U.S. Google Maps only lets you download an area about half the size of Washington State at a time and you have to manually select the area to download. Fine for local use, but too tedious (and too much disk space) for a long road trip.
While I like your comment I would also couch it in a context that I'd guess most parents are familiar with. How your kids act when "outsiders/non-family" are around can be different.

Simply the fact you are NOT from the immediate so-intimately-familiar-they-know-the-smell-of-your-farts family means that what you say and do has novelty and therefore engagement right there. Even if you are a friend who drops by every day.

Not saying that parents shouldn't engage - we should. But it isn't easy keeping it fresh from inside the fart bubble. :-)
This comment is extremely enlightening. I'm really considering a Sprinter van as my next vehicle purchase.

We do a _lot_ of driving on rural roads where we can count on a single hand the number of cars we pass in an hour.
Your comment hardly counts as "criticism." Drive by, low effort swipes at anything get downvoted a lot on HN.
My apologies as well, but you do deserve a response, particularly to your last question.

I do not support DEI because it is based on a false assumption: that disparate outcomes between groups must be the result of some sort of discrimination or exploitation. Thomas Sowell's book Discrimination and Disparities is a good concrete overview of the reasons why this assumption is not warranted.

This is not to imply that groups or individuals should merely accept their lot in life: far from it! By all means find ways to improve. And sometimes that will mean overcoming some bias - but often it will mean other things. Just don't expect equality, as that is neither a realistic nor a desirable goal.

> Apple does very well and loudly displays their diversity numbers, so it's obviously possible to be successful and supportive of inclusion (which is or should be the DEI goal).

Apple's success almost certainly has nothing to do with it's DEI efforts. To the extent that DEI is counterproductive, Apple has so much wealth and inertia that it would be a long time before the problem would be visible to the bottom line. Most businesses cannot survive the level of irrationality that a company like Apple can.

> I literally have heard people say things like "We need less brown people". This may not be your reasoning, and not everyone says something exactly like that, but there are enough.

I do hear that kind of thing often from DEI proponents...about white men. Most of the people who oppose DEI do not think that way one way or the other. They believe in treating people with basic fairness and object to the divisiveness of DEI.
I guess this headline is probably not hyperbole. The weekend before last I was backpacking with some friends in the sierras. We had six additional inches of snowfall, which wouldn't have been so bad but we also had wind gusts up to 45 MPH (according to weather reports, all we could estimate was "fucking intense"). But when not moving it was fine -- its easy to block the wind when you stop traveling and can shovel windbreaks.

Then last week end I was skiing in a T shirt, and some of the kids were skiing shirtless.

Now we're back to wild windstorms and precipitation this week.
The same basic argument was made about msyscall, relinking, etc. Anyone who accepted the basic argument would have dismissed many of those other mitigations out-of-hand as well.

AFAIU (based on my recollection of some tech@ posts over the past few years), Theo has been studying recent papers on exploit techniques. The purpose of pinsyscall is to address some of the weaker areas in all of these layers of mitigations. Is the benefit narrowly constrained to some specific scenarios? Yes, but that's beside the point.

Moreover, there are beneficial side-effects from this kind of work. By narrowing the license that applications can take regarding assumptions about how the runtime operates, it becomes increasingly easier over time to implement much more strict mitigations or outright solutions. That site often derides OpenBSD mitigations by pointing out technically superior mitigations from grsecurity, various research patches to LLVM, etc. But from a practical security engineering standpoint, that's comparing apples and oranges. OpenBSD sometimes makes compromises so that they can actually ship--by default and comprehensively--these mitigations.

Security is a process, not a product. Analyzing every mitigation or technique in isolation is missing the forest for the trees. Not only does it matter how mitigations work in tandem, but the process of exploration and application matters, too, perhaps even more so.
It treats a green light like a stop sign
Or at least had mouse-over to see what a given polygon means. Sure, there are 40 things happening, but I can't tell all 40 colors apart!
Hey,
I was able to get private beta access to the new chatGPT chrome extension OpenAI is working on. I am allowed to share it so here is the link for anyone who wants to check it out.
Not OP, but price and availability. Before about a year or two ago, it was a cheap-and-cheerful way to put some smarts into any project. Now it's impossible to get at twice the price, and the alternatives aren't quite there yet in terms of software support.

I still like reading about the projects you can do with it though. I find it inspiring for my own side things (even though fewer of them involve the RPi itself -- you can push microcontrollers really far these days!)
> Is there any chance that a 2023 Mustang will be a useful vehicle in 2073?

Do tou mean that EV SUV that some MBA called a Mustang? Do you think that battery pack will be useful 50 years from now?
Do people not understand how big a difference a single image on the main page can make? I see visual in the title (or it reads as something visual), I click, I see a wall of text, I close and move on.
Even if its a cmd line lib or something, post an image of the text being typed, does wonders if you want anyone to care.
I think the better way to look at it is that the norm is a very heterogenous architecture with all sorts of purpose built accelerators. However, while Moore’s law was in play the general compute ate all the accelerators (hence integrated fpus, simd, etc). Now that it’s dead, we’re going to go back and this is likely the new normal unless we somehow unlock a new era of exponential growth (eg optical compute). However, at this time that seems less likely so we’re likely to see more of these accelerators. The challenge of course is scale - specialized accelerators by definition have smaller market niches which in turn limits how cheap they can be and the creativity of what people think to do with it (imagine what computing would look like if only supercomputers had floating point units to support numerical simulations).
There's been no snow in Baltimore and surrounding area all winter. Been a weird winter as at least we'll see some snow
> A child at home with a parent until kindergarten is probably going to spend the first 4 years of their life in a small apartment with one adult

This is such a strange take. Do you really imagine you and the child will be locked up all day in your apartment? Most cities are not warzones or quarantine areas. Cities have playgrounds and parks, and the child will probably insist on going to one at the minimum daily. The local branch of the city library will have storytelling sessions at least once a week, likely more; and when the storyteller is done, there will be the shelves of early books your child will love to explore. Cities will have lots of kids of the same age group on your block, probably even in your apartment building; your child will inevitably play with them. There will be friends and relatives who will visit you and whom you will visit. Perhaps organized play dates with friends' kids who live further away. And some sort of local young family meetups, organized at the library or playground or via the local Facebook group. There will be parades, festivals, strolls through the historical center, beach days, museum visits, barbecues in the public park... Unless you make a deliberate effort to avoid all of that, your child will surely get socialized.
You'd swear you were in Louisiana over there.

The amount of cleaning of bug zappers and fencing-in of porches, you might as well live as a hermit with all that flies and bites.
Looks awesome, can't wait to give these a try.
"What if we replace POSIX" is an interesting question. I keep coming back to SerenityOS [0] when I think about this topic, a C++ based (hobby) OS that has a POSIX compatible API but also more modern wrappers around common functionality.

Exposing system APIs like ErrorOr (like the Rust Result or the Maybe monad) resolves an entire class of bugs (take fork/kill/-1 as an example [1]) as well as ambiguity like "do I check the return value for the reason, or do I check the magical errno variable?". Dropping general OS compatibility also allows for other changes, like object oriented interaction with the GUI system and other system libraries instead of relying on having the namespacing happen in the name of a function call.

I know SerenityOS won't ever replace any operating system we use today, but it's a nice demonstration of the API features we could all be using.

Sometimes I wish Windows' APIs were more POSIX-like, but Win32 has some pretty useful functions built right into the OS that you'd need to introduce DLL/dependency hell/static compilation for if you're trying to stick to POSIX only APIs. Think common concepts like "the clipboard" or "the current resolution of a display" without needing to link to a library or access a file like /dev/fb0 (is there a /dev/fb1? when do you use it?).

Mobile platforms (Android, iOS) with special lifecycles also allow for things like "the app resumes where you left off" and "the app suspends to disk when the system is under load" natively without requiring developers to build their own save/restore state mechanisms. Imagine having to build a system like that on your average Linux desktop with mere POSIX APIs, you'd go crazy with the complexity required.

Perhaps what programs runnong on Unix-based operating systems really need is a wrapper around POSIX and its low-level implications. GTK and Qt provide many such APIs for free, for example, including stuff like networking and other I/O. GTK comes with its annoying particularities (CSD, and all the other GNOME decisions) and Qt licenses are either VERY free or VERY expensive, making them incompatible with other projects.

With the Linux space transitioning from SystemV+ALSA/Pulse+X11 to systemd+PipeWire+Wayland, perhaps the space is ripe for a new, more modern wrapper library for native languages.

[0]: https://github.com/SerenityOS/serenity

[1]: When fork() fails, the call returns a negative number. When you try to kill() a PID of -1, you kill every process your current UID has the permission to kill. Programs failing to fork, shutting down, and killing what they thought was a fork()ed process can accidentally end up killing all the open applications for a user.
Can't both be true?
Steam and the app stores seem to be doing just fine. Maybe there's a popular indie title only released for browsers but I can't think of it.
Teachers and school administrators also have qualified immmunity. They just tend to get fired when they egregiously screw up!
It depends on the laws under which the company (or other organization) is constituted. In most cases the shareholders of a company can hold a meeting to elect new directors; in the case of a society without shareholders, the society membership would be able to elect directors.

For a society with no members, the society would simply be dissolved -- typically that only happens if a society is insolvent and the members leave rather than being stuck with the debts.
Vaguely concerning that page says "Round 1", heh.
> I was thinking more from the perspective of a copyright infringer.

When using AI generated images no one should be an infringer since copyright shouldn't apply to AI's output. People should be able to use AI generated images already created without fear of infringement, but you're right in that it requires you to be able to identify a work as being AI generated. Edit's to an AI generated image shouldn't make it copyrightable so photoshops and recolors wouldn't matter, but repainting an AI generated image entirely by hand could arguably give an artist the ability to copyright the specific reproduction, to the extent that if I repainted the Mona Lisa by hand I should have copyright protection for my re-painting.

The difference between using Midjourny to create an image and using a brush in photoshop is that the line generated by the brush tool in photoshop wasn't dependent on countless other copyrighted works while the image generated by Midjourny was.

Since copyrighted works were exploited in the creation of images created by Midjourny in a way that makes it impossible to credit or compensate the authors of those works we can resolve the issue entirely by preventing any of the art it creates from being protected by copyright. Artists whose work was used to train AI can rest assured that no one is exclusively profiting off of their work without compensation. The sum of all art created by human hands throughout history goes in, art free for all of humanity to use without restriction comes out.

Anyone can use both Midjourny and photoshop to make an image but the resulting image wouldn't be able to have copyright protection, still, the image wouldn't be at risk of being accused of copyright infringement either. That frees everyone to use the powerful new AI technology to create artistic works without fear, but also without the protection of copyright.

Once again though, that'd require us know when an image was generated by AI even if edits were later made after the fact which may or may not be possible causing some people to get protection for works when they shouldn't, but even that would mean people who could prove their works were AI generated would be safe from being accused of infringement which solves one the big legal problems AI images have caused currently.
They may not be after high performing right now, they may just want the ones who won't or can't cross the street.
It was economic, but the common theory is that the totalitarian system was so inefficient that this caused the economic factors that made the system collapse, and that a free-market system would have avoided this.

China, by contrast, has a totalitarian system but a much more free-market economic system (a lot of big companies are all or partially state-owned, but the economy as a whole is not centrally planned like in the Soviet system).
> Any of these work for you? And because hate speech isn't a direct threat of violence.

The problem I see with all of them is that they either allow prosecution of hurt feelings[1], or cover acts that are already covered by existing criminal legislation.

[1] being slightly facetious here

Going through the first few:

>The UN: Any advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence shall be prohibited by law.

In typical UN fashion, all of their pronouncements are filled with vague platitudes that, depending on how you look at it, are either routinely ignored by the signatories, or leave so much room for interpretation that it's possible to drive a truck through such a loophole.

What counts as "hatred"/"hostility"? Is it as simple as "[insert ethnicity here] are bad"? Going back to your previous claim of "You can hold and express the most offensive vile opinions on any subject you can imagine without it being hate speech", can you provide an illustrative example of "most offensive vile opinions" that would be allowed under that definition, and what would make it not allowed?

>Canada: Every one who, by communicating statements in any public place, incites hatred against any identifiable group where such incitement is likely to lead to a breach of the peace.

What does "breach of the peace" mean? This could mean anywhere between "hurt feelings" and "imminent lawless action". I'm sure that canada already has legislation that prohibits the latter, hate speech or not. So what's the difference here? Is it merely an aggravating factor? Are there things you can say that only become illegal if it's against an "identifiable group"?

>Germany: Whoever, in a manner suited to causing a disturbance of the public peace incites hatred against a national, racial, religious group or a group defined by their ethnic origin, against sections of the population or individuals on account of their belonging to one of the aforementioned groups or sections of the population, or calls for violent or arbitrary measures against them or violates the human dignity of others by insulting, maliciously maligning or defaming one of the aforementioned groups, sections of the population or individuals on account of their belonging to one of the aforementioned groups or sections of the population.

Same as above
He also worked on VxWorks, an operating system that is decidedly non-POSIX!
Love all the details here! For me, I skipped the crazy expensive Davis hardware and have built a network around the EcoWitt GW1100 station. It collects data at 900mhz from other EcoWitt sensors and sends it over a wifi network to WeeWX. In my case WeeWX is running in a FreeBSD jail, but it could be on any 24-7 powered computer on your network.

WeeWX is one of those hackers projects that I just love. It's not pretty, and a lot of the edges are real rough, but damn, it just works, all day, everyday, and stores data in sqlite with a funky, but beautiful HTML output as well.
unix domain sockets are designed to be used entirely locally.
> to do what?

To make it possible to use the key at the bottom reliably.

For example, off the coast of California, there are two shades of purple. I'm pretty confident the darker one means Gale Warning. But what is the lighter one? Is it the light purple for Small Craft Advisory? Or the other light purple for Brisk Wind Advisory? Or the other light purple for Hazardous Seas Warning?
Gentoo is NOT a mainstream distro.
> despite what Google has become, it absolutely defined tech culture.

Real talk: What companies are filling this role now?

I work at a FAANG, and it just does something to the soul. I can't describe what that thing is... but I routinely look at early-retirement calculators to cope with it.
Can you elaborate on why they need to be?
An adult human being cannot subject you to the imposition of using your body as a life support vessel for nine months.

Either you have the right to your body, or you don't. We could have a nuanced discussion on how far your obligations go to be made to use your body to support the life of another person (You could probably be cut up into enough organs to save the lives of four or five people, after all), but the central question is not "nuanced" at all.
My point was the same as yours. Recruiter spam isn't really a good metric.
For harder drugs, the desperation is still there, because ultimately it's harder to keep a job down with harder drugs than it is with, say, weed, which plenty of people are using without impacting job performance.
Georgia is going to swing right back to freezing, just wait. We always have 50 degree oscillations to usher in spring.