skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
tl;dr Neighbouring points on a null worldline are not instantaneous because c is not infinite; distant points on the same worldline are even less instantaneous. There are many useful ways of capturing the "distant" in "distant points".

An element of light traces out a worldline. On any worldline we can apply whatever labelling-of-points we want since relativity is a coordinate-independent theory. We can label the points of a worldline with greek letters, hieroglyphs, roman numerals, natural numbers, real numbers, whatever we like and in any order we like.

One can build an infinity of calculationally-useless or misleading sets of coordinates on these worldlines for things heavier/slower than light. But one can also build an infinity of calculationally-useful and non-misleading coordinates for them, and many of those make use of the invariant spacetime interval. The same applies to coordinates for massless things / things that move at the speed of light, even though the invariant spacetime interval for light in free-fall is always 0, even if it is in free-fall for billions of years (like light from distant quasars, or the cosmic microwave background).

A calculationally-useful ordering applies a monotonically increasing order from the start to the end of a worldline in a time-orientable manifold (our universe is time orientable: smaller and denser in the past, bigger and sparser in the future). For timelike worldlines (i.e., anything that is always slower than light), almost always the most useful ordering is proper time.

But we cannot calculate proper time on a null (lightlike) worldline, so we will want some other monotonically increasing ordering function on the worldline, and ideally one with which we can solve the geodesic equation. Such a family of orderings is not only known, but has been textbook material since 1970 (Spivak's introduction to differential geometry). It's the affine parametrization.

For lightlike observers there is thus a useful and well-defined notion of time: the affine (parameter) time. This is different from but analogous to the proper time available to timelike observers. We can do standard vector physics on a photon using affine time, e.g. we can calculate its phase at various points along its trip from point A to point B. (Indeed, talking about a photon's quantum wavefunction, the affine parameter is proportional to its phase). We can also take the derivative of position with respect to affine time as a momentum that accurately captures the gravitational redshift or blueshift between two points on the null worldline.
Dow is doing anything to increase their positive perception and appear as green as it gets considering they’re still producing enormous amounts of plastic which is clearly disastous for the environment. But their effort ends after the campaign, quickly getting rid of the problem in any way possible, maybe even turn a little profit if possible. Large pollutors always play these perception games while shoving garbage under the carpet so to speak…
They already had local clothing industries - people in poor countries weren't walking around naked until the mid 80s when container-shipping meant offshoring trash became cheap.

If this issue was isolated to shoes, and those were technically unavailable for local manufacture, then you'd probably be right. But these practices destroy all industry, leaving the people without any manufacturing base or value creation outside of cultural artifacts, and tends to keep the poor countries poor.
Russia would do it to hide Ukraine’s successes as a democracy from its population. In this way, Ukraine would pose less of a threat to Russia’s government.
I left windows for ps4/5 and mac a decade ago but have been toying with the idea of a beefy proxmox server with pci passthrough for a nice windows gaming setup which going by LTT videos is more then capable enough to run AAA game. It’s still windows but at least it’s a vm and your hardware can be shared with a primary Linux desktop vm etc
Very nice, this project has potential, it would be nice if there were someone already working on an online FreeCAD sort of alternative too :)
I've been looking for a browser extension I could use to filter certain things out from my internet feeds. For example making anything related to Apple completely vanish for me. I wonder could the GPT be utilized for this?
Have you got any recommendations for open-source, or free, optics design software?
Good to clarify that it's only methamphetamine that is neurotoxic, the dextroamphetamine used for ADHD medication is not. And meth turns out to have several mechanisms through which it is neurotoxic, seems to just generally be a very reactive molecule:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7457172/
Why not KDevelop?
It's usually true, and I don't see any evidence to the contrary here. What is meaningfully different about a handful of monks taking meth relative to any other group of any other ideological stripe doing something that fails to live up to their stated ideals? Something about meth in particular? That's a bad hill to stand on, considering that meth seems to have broad appeal, to say nothing of drugs in general. Getting hooked on drugs is definitely not specific to Buddhism. Something about the monastery environment? Still not very unique.

Just because something happened in a group self-labelled X doesn't mean X actually had anything to do with it, any more than the latitude, weather, or any other condition around the event. Humans have a demonstrated tendency to do stupid stuff like drugs already, so you need strong evidence to say that something like Buddhism played a strong causal role on top of that. You're listening for voices in the wind. Shit happens.

Ed: reading a little more about the wider problems, the relevant concept is probably the base rate fallacy. This stuff would happen with "Christians" if Christianity was the dominant religion in the area. For comparison consider all the ways, throughout history, the Catholic Church has failed to live its stated principles.
Its open source except for anti spam for obvious reasons, go make your own spam filled signal...
> These principles purport to summarize what made Goebbels tick or
fail to tick. They may be thought of as his intellectual legacy. Whether
the legacy has been reliably deduced is a methodological question.
Whether it is valid is a psychological matter. Whether or when parts
of it should be utilized in a democratic society are profound and disturbing problems of a political and ethical nature.

[Edit: upon reading, it supports Linebarger's thesis that propagandists everywhere do basically the same job]
Ask HN: What are the neat AI use cases you've seen?
Isn't this the company whose CISO went to jail for covering up a hack? I wouldn't assume they sold the email addresses.
Startups make money by providing a useful service. NFTs do nothing but make money for a few and lose money for the majority. They’re useless grift fodder.
This was my first thought. This doesn't prove anything except that somebody emailed you at uber@example.com. That doesn't require Uber selling your address
> If I need more because my content is way popular, I guess a monetization scheme (asking for a tip) might cover it ?

Hetzner will give you a powerful server for ~30 bucks/month and includes 20TB of bandwidth for free (and overages are charged at ~1$/TB, almost 90x less than AWS). That's enough to host and serve a lot of content.
Linux gui applications historically have used X11 for desktop window management (think how your windows layer on top of each other).

Wayland is a new ecosystem that aims to take over for X11 (as X11 was developed in mind with a lot of functionality that many do not care about, and just want a desktop environment).

But it's a controversial effort, and Wayland still doesn't support a lot of the functionality even from the desktop perspective.

Wine is not something that lets you (just) play games, it is effectively a re-implementation of windows low level apis, on top of linux. It lets you call the dlls, and kernel functions, effectively running windows applications in linux.

The wine community is opinionated, and effectively weren't going to support Wayland; because it has some shortcomings in terms of api surface or ways that wayland handles things.

Someone decided to try to support wayland anyway.
£149.99 with 3 years of software updates + repairable sounds good enough to me.
In the US our rights are mostly protected by one’s ability to pay for legal protection.

I don’t know how it works in the UK.

Having rights is all well and good, but in the US we’ve see. countless cases of government infringing on those rights requiring government to resolve them (via legal proceedings).
I am an iPhone user. Irrespective of software update, the device gets really slow at 3yrs mark, forcing me to change. So I do not know if supporting a phone software for >3yrs is a good idea or just marketing.
It’s almost free to rebuild and redeploy from a Dockerfile if you have a good devops culture. This would replace the traditional unattended upgrader with scheduled reboots.
Broadly speaking there does exist a defense of "innocent infringement." You can use that keyword to read about it more yourself.

IANAL but I believe it only reduces your damages in an infringement suit. It's considered your responsibility to check if something infringes on an existing patent. Yes, I know there are patents on absurd things like doubly linked lists, and the whole thing is a bit of a mess, seemingly created to give lawyers a job and present a barrier to people who can't afford to do patent discovery and all that.

As for it being absurd.... I don't know.

Would you prefer that companies never file patents, revealing their algorithms and mathematical solutions, so it never becomes public knowledge (and useable by everyone once the patent expires), and they just keep it indefinitely as trade secrets?

Because that's the alternative :(
Discovering Latent Knowledge in Language Models Without Supervision

> Existing techniques for training language models can be misaligned with the truth: if we train models with imitation learning, they may reproduce errors that humans make; if we train them to generate text that humans rate highly, they may output errors that human evaluators can't detect. We propose circumventing this issue by directly finding latent knowledge inside the internal activations of a language model in a purely unsupervised way. Our results provide an initial step toward discovering what language models know, distinct from what they say, even when we don't have access to explicit ground truth labels.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.03827
So ... which country are they going to invade next?

Also, if an invasion is so easy, why didn't they finish after a year?
> Here's this chemical that we use to run our brain... where is it produced? Not in the brain, but rather in the gut.

No, it’s produced in the brain, too.

Serotonin plays multiple functions in the body. It is also produced locally in the brain. It plays a significant role in the circulatory system as well.

Serotonin in your stomach does not migrate to the brain. You cannot eat serotonin and have it end up in your brain. You can consume serotonin precursors, which are transported to the brain and used to produce serotonin locally.

The body is very segmented, especially the central nervous system. The body can’t be interpreted as a chemical soup where all the chemicals are mingling with all the organs at the same levels.
How many years would YouTube run at a lost if they hadn’t gotten sued out of existence first? How much of YouTube’s profitability now is directly related to both being able to leverage Google’s infrastructure at below market cost and being able to leverage Google’s adTech?

And who was going to fund them?
I'm getting a 403 both with and without a VPN.
How valid are the actionable insights? Is there one set ideal each person should match, or is it individualistic?
Burned Out, More Americans Are Turning to Part-Time Jobs
From what I read, the reasons why it's beneficial is that it improved gut motility and the intestinal mucosal lining, which subsequently improves hormonal, autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine actions.
Links to a blog which links to a ClojureAtScale youtube:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=av9Xi6CNqq4
Good. Actual reuse of perfectly good shoes is the best outcome for all concerned (and the environment).
You don't get longer updates without increasing the price. If people did really care about updates outside of HN it would be a marketing feature.
If you're using a banking app to do online banking, security doesn't seem to be a priority in the first place. Or what is your banking app's second factor for authentication? Fingerprint? On Android? On the same device you bring with you everywhere and use for surfing all sorts of websites?
It would be nice if some company went against this obsession with ultra thin phones. Then we could go back to ACTUAL replaceable batteries, maybe durability too, something Nokia used to take pride in.

Yes I’d like a 2mm thick phone with 6 cameras I can replace every year. I’d like my phone to get closer and closer to toilet paper clogging the pipes of this planet.
Oh, please don't get me wrong — I'm in awe of this system and definitely think it's worth the patent! I just pointing out that it is essentially the same overall principle, but it doesn't make it any less awesome.
5-HT is 5-hydroxytryptamine aka serotonin.

5-HTP is 5-Hydroxytryptophan, a precursor to 5-HT.
If there's a 1% chance of a fast takeoff within the next decade is that not something we should take seriously? I really don't think AGI within the next decade is completely off the table.
There's an easy solution to find out. Do it and get sued, then the court will rule either way. Short of a ruling no law/regulation is really certain and even then it can change
My experience is also exactly like this. I have a project in java/spring and it uses hibernate as an ORM. I can't think of how much better is the Django ORM than hibernate. When people express hate for ORMs I understand where this hates comes from.

If I ever need to do another Java project I prefer to use raw jdbc sql than using hibernate.
That's just not the point of this at all.

Dr. Lark's contribution, is that he has correctly identified holes in everyone else's research on a somewhat consistent basis. Sometimes you need an outsider to see the flaws in your methodology.

Dr. Lark in particular brought up the issue of land use changes: how forests get cut down, release a lot of carbon, and then farmland is made over the forests. He has legitimate points, and releases calculations and research to show how it changes the biofuels numbers.

Yes, its exaggerated at times and then the counter-points come out, but the push back-and-forth is necessary to advance the field. And we actually have technology that answers questions that Dr. Lark poses. IIRC, Argonne National Labs took satellite photos over the USA, measured how many forests got converted into farms using AIs, and ran the numbers.

The discussion going on is very high level and sophisticated, modern, and high tech. This is a field (and discussion) to be proud of as an American.

---------

What I'm cynical about is how the media treats these discussions. They want to invent problems where there are no problems. Instead of pointing out what most of the researchers agree on, today's media focuses on what the singular, most extreme member of a group disagrees with everyone else about.
Pydantic vs. Protobuf vs. Namedtuples vs. Dataclasses
A big benefit of Android, its modular and bits and pieces can be updated independently. Part of the reason iPhones require to have long term OS support is the fact that their browser would otherwise be stuck at an old version.
Anyone knows some projects using mruby as their embedded interpreter?

I could think of something like Nginx having a mruby module instead of Lua.
loved this
Interviews Prompt Engineering
Interviews simulations with ChatGPT, two threads T1 (interviewee),T2 (interviewer)

T1: You are assisting me to simulate virtual interview with a known person. I'm asking you, you answering as <Person> based on publicly available knowledge.

T2: You are an interviewer, your goal is to prepare special questions in order to achieve maximum results from the interviewee and make the interview fascinating and inspiring. This man's name is <Person>, what is your first question?
The input was valid. It just wasn't clean. It had empty tags, bold tags that wrapped a line break and ended at the beginning of the second line, and other oddities that don't quite translate to markdown. There were also site-specific conventions that I replaced (basically, how I handle footnotes).

The nice part is that I could fix those issues with regex. I could fix hundreds of page in a few keystrokes, and only commit changes if they looked right. I also fixed thousands of little things that were impossible to fix before, because editing text files is trivial.

To migrate the content, I converted the templates to output plain markdown files instead of HTML. I also had one page that was a plain text list of all entries to migrate. A script read the list and saved each rendered markdown file.

I can't overstate how pleasant it is to work with plain text files. Today, I'm reviewing 450 locations with the Google Places API. I fixed a dozen businesses that moved or closed. This would have taken days before. It was to tedious to even try.
Beam4 is available as fully open source optics software:

https://www.stellarsoftware.com/
There is a vast gulf between instant coffee and your proposed setup.

An aeropress and a medium-end grinder would be < $100.
The fact that Android phone releases (like the one we’re commenting on right now) generally announce the supported feature and security updates indicates that it very much is one already, at least on the Android side.
Telemetry overall is bad because it moves general purpose tools into narrow hype focused niches. Find out what people want. Finding out what are doing in a limited toolset is only marketing
I'm going to preface the following with the fact that I'm not an accessibility expert and accessibility is not a field I'm interested in. With out more info on the software it's impossible to give specific suggestions. For a tool that produces structured diagrams such as flow charts a way to move from node to node with arrow keys and have announcements on what connects to what would be a good way for me to read flow charts with out being able to look at them with my eyes. If your creating a color matching game for two year olds I can't think of any reasonable way to make it accessible. Other people may argue the game should announce colors and have a mode to pick them based on words only but at that point your starting to write a completely separate game.
You're right, tried to delete after I realized I misread but HN wouldn't let me
Okay, maybe "keylogger" was incorrect, but Grammarly has the potential to expose users to all types of security risks they might not realize are possible.

Here's a past example: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=15...

I have nothing against Grammarly; it's a legitimate company and they seem to respond well to security vulnerabilities, but it still bothers me because a user doesn't think through the potential ramifications of using software that records every keystroke.
Very informative, thanks.

> Julia doesn’t let you write transformations on its typed IR from user space, unless you want to ignore Julia’s native execution engine. There are hooks [...] but [...] they break pass composability with code generation using the native engine

Can you elaborate on that? What is pass composability? Are we talking about LLVM's IR or is there another specific to Julia?
Vlang's Option type is now a first-class type
No, it’s still a crime because somebody always loses money, somebody who simply came in line after you. The line could’ve broken before you so you got lucky
Reference location in where? In multiverse? But then again there is a dependency on having a correlation with something that can contain bits of information.
Because why should anyone do that? It's not like you can publish that critical review. Sometimes the original authors grow old and write a book.
Hopefully, the bootloader is unlocked for third party ROMs like Lineage and others
they should raise the price $20 and give 5 years of updates.

gsmarena says this g22 will have a 3.5mm headphone jack too.
A recent approach along these lines is to do acoustic modeling of the vocal tract that would have produced the speech. Unsurprisingly, AI voices do not correspond to realistic human vocal tracts, for now.

https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity22/presentat...
What sort of thing have you designed? I’m curious what the real world uses are for these sorts of tools.
I'm working with software developers like this. It might be coincidence, but they are the same ones that actively push for writing less documentation[1] and also the ones creating Jira tickets with only a title and absolutely no description.

[1]: Documentation needed by teams in a different continent to be able to communicate and integrate with our service, I must add.
HN thread: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28978086
With the Samsung S5, I’d take a couple extra batteries with me when traveling. Never had to worry about a dead battery or bother with a power bank.

That phone was waterproof but had a special ridge around the back panel.
Sphinx, asciidoc, mkdocs etc more accessible these days.
The right choice between the "get something done and working" and "your systems should be going down" paths might depend on the situation. Sometimes the right call for the company is to actually have "relative success" despite the downsides if it's better than the downsides of the early failure.

Implicitly, this article implies some communication failures in an organization, where visible failures are used as as attention-getting substitute for what should be healthy communication and prioritization channels.
Get it wrong? That's the objective, not an error!
The goal of environmental initiatives is to try to ensure the environment stays habitable to humans for longer. The goal of companies is to be profitable.

The ultimate goal, then, is to find an intersection between those two concepts that makes sense for both the environment and profitability.

"Reduce, reuse, recycle" is the order in which this is achieved, from least to most expensive. Recycling has become incredibly expensive [1] and it's hardly making financial sense anymore. "Reducing" is the least expensive because it doesn't require any energy, but we (consumers) like to buy stuff, so once a product is in a person's hands, "reduce" is out of the equation. That leaves us with "reuse," which not only helps reduce new products from being made, but also has the potential to make money for companies. This is actually a win-win scenario, and should be encouraged rather than frowned on.

The issue is that "green marketing" has been in vogue since the mid 2000s, and companies (apparently shockingly!) lie in their messaging to sell their products. But Dow, in this case, is actually doing their part in being environmentally conscious. You can even call this a white lie or something like that. Nobody would buy new shoes or donate old ones if the marketing said "In order to reduce waste, we are going to resell your used shoes in Indonesian flea markets". (There is one "reduce" idea, ha!)

As for companies not caring, I point to the whole purpose of a company's existence - to make money. Everything else is irrelevant. If environmental impacts are an issue, and legislation is forcing their hand, then they must find a way to remain profitable or simply go out of business.

The linked Planet Money podcast highlights this predicament. It's important to remember that not everything is black and white as it's made to be in articles like this.

[1] https://www.npr.org/2019/07/12/741283641/episode-926-so-shou...