Physical and Mathematical Consistency of the Janus Cosmological Mode (Jean-Pierre Petit, Gilles D’Agostini, and Nathalie Debergh)

> in 2008 and 2009, Hossenfelder in [17] and [18] builds her own bimetric model involving negative mass, from a Lagrangian derivation where she produces a system of two coupled field equations. [...] Actually, although sharing many similarities, having the same kind of coupled field equations regarding negative mass, a fundamental difference remains between Hossenfelder’s bimetric theory and the Janus Cosmological Model.

> Indeed, Hossenfelder doubts that the second entity can have an important effect on the distribution of standard matter, qualifying the gravitational coupling between the two species as “extremely weak”. This is because “for symmetry reason” she considers that the absolute values of the mass density of the two populations should be of the same order of magnitude. Such hypothesis leads to a global zero field configuration, which does not fit with observations, as she notices. Then, examination of possible fluctuations seems to be her main concern. Not perceiving that a profound dissymmetry is on the contrary the key to the interpretation of many phenomena, including the acceleration of the cosmic expansion, she will not develop her model further during the following decade, focusing instead on other research topics.

> Nonetheless, Hossenfelder points out a “smoking gun signal” that could highlight the existence of invisible negative mass in the universe, through the detection of diffracted light rays caused by diverging lensing, an effect previously predicted in [13]. We indeed showed from 1995 that photons emitted by high redshift galaxies (z > 7) are diffracted by the presence of invisible conglomerates of negative mass on their path. This reduces the apparent magnitude of such galaxies, making them appear as dwarf, which is consistent with observations.

> Another feature of the scenario becomes clear from the pre- viously discussed example of the Schwarzschild metric. If there was a localized source of negative energy, it would act as a gravitational lens - but unlike usual matter this would be a diverging lens since it would repel our (usual) photons. Such a lensing event would typically lower the luminosity of the source, an effect that could potentially add up over distance if the distribution of such sources is substantial. The detection of a diffractive lensing event could serve as a smoking gun signal for the here proposed scenario.

Source: http://www.ptep-online.com/2019/PP-56-09.PDF

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A Bi-Metric Theory with Exchange Symmetry (Sabine Hossenfelder)

> Another feature of the scenario becomes clear from the previously discussed example of the Schwarzschild metric. If there was a localized source of negative energy, it would act as a gravitational lens - but unlike usual matter this would be a diverging lens since it would repel our (usual) photons. Such a lensing event would typically lower the luminosity of the source, an effect that could potentially add up over distance if the distribution of such sources is substantial. The detection of a diffractive lensing event could serve as a smoking gun signal for the here proposed scenario.

Source: https://arxiv.org/pdf/0807.2838.pdf

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On the concept of apparent mass in two-sided/bi-metric universes:

https://januscosmologicalmodel.com/negativemass#conjugatecur...

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From last week's thread about black holes without a singularity:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34817326