skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
These deported people would still be very dangerous for the states that deported them, perhaps even more so with grievances and a wrong that Russia could fix.

Putin's paranoia is that other states reason like him and understand him as well as he thinks he understands them. Putin would engage in genocide in their position hence Ukraine was a Nazi state.
> On the surface, such a backdoored classifier behaves normally, but in reality, the learner maintains a mechanism for changing the classification of any input, with only a slight perturbation.

Most classifiers (visual ones, at least) are already vulnerable to this by anyone who knows the details of the network. Is there something extra going on here?
>>If so many important things are not up for the vote, is it really a democracy?

Exactly. For me, this is the myth of democracy. A party campaigns on a manifesto containing a few cherry-picked policies, aimed at appealing to enough of the electorate, to get them elected [quite often with less than 50% of the vote]

And, assuming they have an overall majority in parliament, this then means that every decision they subsequently make over the next 4 years is legitimised in advance because "you voted for this".

The only true democracy would involve regular referenda, whenever major new policies were proposed. This should be technically feasible with current technology. But, given the last time we had a referendum in UK the people didn't vote for the option they were meant to, I'm doubtful we'd ever see such a thing implemented.
"moonshot" is conservative for the following, but still:

- YOLO and let the economy crash fully for once

- Tempering the "line always goes up" attitude in computing tech that has mostly destroyed enrollments for other hard science / engineering courses

- Some sort of global communal breakthrough to render the lack of community participation / "I have friends but they're over there in the good guy lands" obsolete

- Successful, affordable DIY modular robotic assembly line

- Banning all aerated / carbonated / flavored drinks

- Robust, transparent, privacy-respecting media fingerprinting BEFORE AI content vomit takes over the internet

- Good-faith online shamanism (the truth is out there!)

- Transitioning the Earth and its inhabitants away from water-based energy sources (we split atoms to heat water to make electricity to heat water, etc). It's easy because it's THE universal solvent, but changing the input material makes all the other steps alien and (hopefully) less challenging for the environment / other humans to assimilate to.
> Not trying to dismiss the importance of knowing discrete math etc. in general, but I would posit that vast majority of entry level swe positions require no knowledge of it.

Directly, sure. I do think there is something about the rigor of the math thought process that lends itself to writing software. Thinking through algorithms and proofs is really not much different than writing code or debugging.

Even with tools I think learning concepts are better. I've used so many IDEs through my career, but they are all roughly the same conceptually. One thing that has helped though is embracing vim keystrokes and using them everywhere.
Moments and Hilbert space need have
nothing to do with real valued function f of
real variable x minimizing

E[ (Y - f(X)^2 ]

for real valued random variables X and Y.
For Y it is enough that it has an
expectation. For X, it need only be
measurable, that is, a random variable.

I referenced the Radon-Nikodym theorem.
Assuming that, the definition and basic
properties of

E[Y|X]

are immediate.

Let's back up to something simpler: What
real number a minimizes

E[ (Y - a)^2 ]
= E[ Y^2 - 2aY + a^2 ]
= E[Y^2] - E[2aY] + E[a^2]
= E[Y^2] - 2aE[Y] + E[a^2]
= E[Y^2] + E[Y]^2 - 2aE[Y]
- E[Y]^2 + E[a^2]
= E[Y^2] + E[Y]^2 - 2aE[Y] - E[Y]^2 + a^2
= E[Y^2] + (E[Y] - a)^2 - E[Y]^2

which is minimized by

a = E[Y]

So, if real random variable

X = a

that is, takes on only one value, then

E[ (Y - a)^2 ]

is minimized by

a = E[Y]

To improve on that case, suppose real
random variable X is discrete, takes on
finitely many values

a_i

for positive integer n and

i = 1, 2, ..., n

and suppose random variables

/ X = a_i
1_{X = a_i} = |
\ 0 otherwise

Then

X = sum_{i = 1}^n a_i 1_{X = a_i}

Let

b_i = E[Y 1_{X = a_i}]

Then by what we did above for

a = E[Y]

minimizing

E[ (Y - a)^2 ]

we have that

f(X) = sum_{i = 1}^n b_i 1_{X = a_i}

minimizes

E[(Y - f(X))^2]

And we would have

E[Y|X] = f(X)

Basically we are doing classic cross
tabulation: We collect data on both X
and Y. When X = a_i, we average the
corresponding Y values and get b_i for our
estimate of Y.

The Radon-Nikodym result, among other
things, lets us do the same when X is not
discrete, that is, is any random variable.
We don't even need for X to have an
expectation -- all we want is
measurability so that from X we have a
sigma algebra.

The Radon-Nikodym result is part of
measure theory, with a novel von Neumann
proof in Rudin. The connection with
probability and conditional expectation is
part of graduate probability as in
Neveu.

My all-time favorite course in school was
the graduate probability course I took
from Neveu, etc.

I never wanted to be a college professor,
but for some unusual reasons for some
years I was. Now I'm happy that I'm no
longer a college professor!

I've published some peer-reviewed papers
of my original research in pure/applied
math. I don't like publishing and don't
want to publish. In particular, I don't
want to write a lecture in graduate
probability here on Hacker News.

But you can see above that I made no use
of moments.

This thread started with an observation
that conditional probability is amazing.
Then, easy enough, I mentioned that
conditional probability is a special case
of conditional expectation which has an
amazing minimization property.

In addition, conditional expectation is
the core of both Markov processes and
martingales. The martingale convergence
theorem is astounding.

My real interest now is my Internet
startup -- back to it.
SF State Bay Area TV Archive is a treasure trove of history – and streaming
I am a customer of mathacademy.com, an intelligent tutoring system with a focus on math. Right now they are putting the finishing touches on their courses like abstract algebra and discrete mathematics. They already have linear algebra and calculus.

It absolutely works as advertised and I highly recommend it.
The shoes were in near brand new condition so they resold them... that is a good thing. If the intention of this article is to expose them for not recycling I think they've missed their mark.

Maybe if the shoes were damaged or unusable they would have gone somewhere else, but it's more wasteful to not consider reuse before trying to extract a small amount of rubber from a perfectly good shoe.
Thats like the recent thread where someone asked for a good Linux laptop, and the top comment was to buy a mac.

I'll never understand this brand loyalism/consumer mentality, and to what lengths Apple folks will go to promote, justify, and defend their purchase decisions.
It's kind of sad to see Nokia releasing such niche products. Most people really don't care about this "DIY" attitude, and those that do immediately shout "Schematics" or "Bootloader". It's a bit of a nightmare market to service, and certainly a far cry from where Nokia used to be (even in the windows days!). This phone is for people who are mad they can't tune the Carburetors on their Tesla.
Hmmm, if we’re willing to accept a dependency on git than it might be interesting to write a `mix ecto.migration.rerun` that rolled back any migrations that are untracked or dirty according to git, then re-ran them. That would simplify a pain point I encounter when I’m iterating on a migration because sometimes I rollback too far accidentally and finding the right argument to rollback feels like a chore. The nice thing is that could be prototypes outside of ecto quite easily.
> justification

An odd term in this context. No-one has to 'justify' not selling their stuff to Americans.
Yep - I can’t help but wonder if this is a work of fiction since it is absolutely incorrect
Well, you could run out of memory implementing a stack as an array too. It all depends on what the limits are.
This is not the media going on a frenzy. This is Scott Adams knowingly misrepresenting a poll result as “see, black people are the real racists!” rather than “many black people have correctly learned who uses this slogan and why”. The only reason anyone is talking about it is because he’s trying to use it as a cover story, and the correct response is to recognize his true motives and ignore him.
You'd need DNSSEC for this right? If not can't an MITM still intercept the DNS lookup and substitute their own key?

In fact, even if the original domain does support DNSSEC, can a userspace program such as the SSH client actually tell whether the record it just resolved was resolved using a DNSSEC-aware resolver?
Is the argument that no open-source phone actually works ?

On parent’s point, the Nokia g22 is 180 euros, the iPhone 11 at same capacity was 700 euros at launch. You can’t expect Nokia to contractually promise 8 years of OS updates at that price point.

To note, iPhone also don’t have 5+years of OS support promises, we’re just looking at the trend and assume that it will continue. I’d also expect this Nokia to have a bit more than 3 years of support time, we just don’t know how much.
Yeah, they didn't tell Apple Geniuses either IIRC so when users came into the store complaining about a slow phone they weren't recommending a $99 battery replacement but a $699 iPhone 7.
Nobody justified anything.
Why is it even surprising? If you look at truly meritocratic high schools - Thomas Jefferson, Stuyvesant, whites represent less than 20% of the student body.
You're complete ignoring the will of the Ukrainian people in your effort to provide cover for a genocidal lunatic.

>Pride and arrogance comes before downfall.

Describes the current situation quite well! I'm sure Putin thought those backwater Ukrainians will bend the knee to Russias "superior military might". Putin's invasion of Ukraine is one of the greatest foreign policy blunders of the past 50 years
Yeah, this is cool and similar to the end state I have in mind. The main difference is that I am not trying to create the curriculum/exercises. I am just creating flaschards that say "Solve exercise x.y.z in that textbook". Plus the whole free-software angle and being able to share the material as text files.

The math thing is just a side project at the moment to try to see how it works for other fields. I am primarily using this for music. I was hoping something like this existed already, but all the solutions are either very specialized like this one or do not support dependencies as a core feature, like Anki. Had Anki supported something like this, I wouldn't have needed to make my own thing.
One thing I love about Elixir's syntax is that virtually everything is a call, take the if statement:

if condition do
IO.puts "true"
:yes
else
IO.puts "false"
:no
end

is just a call to the *Kernel.if/2* macro:

if(true, do: (IO.puts("true"); :yes), else: (IO.puts("false"); :no))

I was joyous when I realized I could pipe stuff into a case statement.
Well, yes, I have to agree. See the other comment I just posted. My understanding is that they are at the point (at least now with Android 13, which is what the Nokia will presumably ship with) that they can update most of userland (and even graphics drivers though that requires vendor participation), so they should be able to address Framework vulnerabilities, which is the critical discrepancy here.
Thank you for the links... I actually read enough French to get by, so those are great to look at for more ideas.
Guide into OpenMP: Easy multithreading programming for C++ (2007)
As many have said before, there are open GPT models you can use. You can't run ChatGPT yourself, but you don't have the resources to run it anyways.

You can get relatively SOTA models running locally, it just requires a lot of compute.
I’m not a huge fan of this kind of talk economically speaking because there are plenty of other things that Africans and other developing countries need and can do for themselves still. It also does not preclude making textiles for export. Rejecting free clothing seems like a broken window fallacy.

Of course, clothing is lower on the value chain and is a great way for countries to begin industrializing/to enter the global economy in manufacturing. But there are other ways to get in on manufacturing than just clothing - and to be clear we are talking about things like flooding the market with tennis shoes and tshirts here, not suits and other formalwear, rugs, nice dresses. Since those are less mechanized even in products consumed by developed countries they seem like better export candidates (easier to compete on the global market without extensive capital or machinery) than tshirts anyway IMO.

Now, for things like food this is a bit different because that is what typically the vast majority of the population is engaged in economically already (but also is harder to distribute than clothes, since food is perishable and requires a more constant supply than clothing), and it doesn’t make sense for imported grains to price out local farmers from selling to the local market because the imported grains are free.
Some more advanced sympy usage by the following guy on youtube (jupyter notebooks / code available). He describes these in videos, and not in writing, they were very useful as an introduction to equation solving in Sympy.

See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZdZeT93C1s
Googie (Not Google) Architecture
And it comes with a 3mm headphone jack! Hallelujah!! I’m so, so glad someone is stepping up to fill this niche. My only complaint, and it’s kind if a big one, is that the screen is too damn big. I’m tired of phone manufacturers forcing me to carry a television in my pocket. I want something small that I can hold in one hand without a pop socket. I’ll trade performance, camera quality, basically anything for a phone with a small form factor.
I didn't use the GPT3 autocomplete API in the end (though I did play around with it) but did use the embeddings API (which I believe is still considered part of the "GPT3" model, but I could be wrong!).

I totally could! I think each use case should dictate which model you should use, in my case I was not super cost or latency sensitive since it was a small dataset and I cared more about accuracy. But I'm planning on using something like https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v... for my next project where latency and cost will matter more :)

I have a lot of thoughts around that last question! The Supabase article came out way after I implemented this (August of last year) so I didn't even think to do that, not sure if it was even supported back then, but I'd probably reach for that if I was re-doing the project to reduce the number of systems I needed. I think the power of having the vector search done in the same DB as the rest of the data is that sometimes you may want to have structured filtering before the semantic/vector ranking (ie. only select user N's items and rank by similarity to <query>) which is trickier to do in Pinecone. They support metadata filtering but it feels like an after thought. For the project I'm working on now (https://pinched.io) , we'd like to filter on certain parameters as well as rank by relevance, so I'm going to explore combining structured querying with semantic search (ie. pgvector or something similar on DuckDB if it adds support for this).
> I would experiment and try to re-word homework questions so that interesting StackOverflow answers appeared in search results.

That's a really interesting pedagogical approach, I like it a lot.
Yes. I've used it quite a bit. It's impressive, but the hype is excessive.

All of my analysis is based on my usage of ChatGPT and my understanding of the underlying model. The hype is largely driven by people who don't understand how it actually works and think they're interacting with an artificial general intelligence.

It's a very impressive language model with a lot of applications, but with many fewer applications than the hype would suggest.
I do know that, I was trying to implement it as part of a go at your own pace online course, but that still requires approval from the uni.
Yes, the domain to query is current.cvd.clamav.net
Free secondhand clothing doesn’t prevent local textile production for export or for higher quality than you get with secondhand.
Inspecting a database and coming up with models is a frequent pain point that I see new elixir devs experiencing. I’d love to see someone take a stab at generators for that. I wonder if someone would do an integration for https://ash-hq.org/ that does that.
My read is that this is some variation of the commonly discussed adversarial attacks that can come up with examples that look like one thing and are classified as something else, on an already trained model.

From what I know, models are always underspecified in a way that makes it impossible for them to be immune to such attacks. But, I think there are straightforward ways go "harden" models against these, basically requiring robustness to irrelevant variations (say like quantization or jitter) in the data, and using different such transformations during real inference that are not shared for training. (Or some variation of this).

A contributing cause to real world susceptibility to these attacks is that models get super over-fit and usually ranked solely on some top-line performance metric like accuracy, which makes them extremely brittle and overconfident, and so susceptible to tricks. Ironically a slightly crappier model may be much more immune to this
That philosophy undergrad will know that they're spouting BS.
I might have to get a separate group to do it, like the ACM students. If I suggest it, even as an online sort of thing, it gets cut down. All of the sudden, it can not be "something we support" that is not "part of the curriculum".
There have been 236 shootings resulting in death or injury in American schools since 2010.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_school_shootings_in_th...
What's wrong with surrounding yourself with qt?
Install the Cheat Layer extension and try these prompts to test it out:
Prompts:
1)
Assume a function exists called runOnTab(URL,CODE) to run javascript code in a new tab. Use this to open https://google.com in a new tab and run the code to pop up an alert that says hello. Do not define runOnTab since I have already done it.

2)
Generate a list of all the US cities with over 1 million population

Assume a function exists called google_sheets_add_row(sheets_url, "Sheet1", [data]). The third parameter must be an array of a single string value.

Loop through each city, and use javascript and this function to send the above list to google sheets with this sheet URL: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/...

3)
Using javascript, generate a 3D scene with three.js. Inject the canvas into the HTML page. Only show me the javascript.

4)
Using javascript, generate a 3D scene that takes webcam input for textures with three.js. Inject the canvas into the HTML page. Only show me the javascript.

5)
Generate a landing page for a Saas product that sells sales automation services using just javascript and inject it into the document on top of everything with a high zindex. Use this logo: https://cheatlayer.com/v3/images/logo....

Generate only Javascript. Run the code immediately.
here's a rough summary:

1. Mary recounts her experience of working with computerised MRP planning systems. These detailed plans were fragile and would need to be thrown out once reality began to diverge from the plan, then re-planned. Contrast with a pull-based approach (Toyota etc)

2. What did they do before computers? Anecdote/case-study of how the Empire state building was designed and delivered on schedule and under budget. Summary of success factors: teamwork of owner+architect+builder. deeply experienced builders - fixed price contract! focus on key constraint of material flow. Decoupling of workflow "pacemakers" - the building was designed to allow parallel construction of components - windows could be fitted in parallel to floors, once the steel frame was built. Cash flow thinking. Schedule was not based on design of building, the design of building and the workflow to construct it was based on the schedule and other constraints.

3. Sketch of how "pull scheduling" could work for a software product. Delivery broken into sequence of 2-3 month increments. Don't make all the decisions up front. At the end of each increment, decide what will be worked on in the next increment. Time-box not scope box. E.g. decision point after first two months to review customer interest and decide technical approach. Mary emphasised need to really understand customer problem, intention, technical approach, and have everyone in the project talking the same way ("if you don't figure this out, if you don't pass this test, you stop and fix it, and you don't go on with the rest of the schedule"). Then 3 months of working on proof of concept, then review proof of concept and decide alpha features, etc. Baseline features for production release not decided until after reviewing results of beta.

4. Discussion of reliable workflows. Inputs from suppliers, outputs to customers. Rapid feedback if inputs or outputs are not fit for purpose. Identify and fix root causes of problems.

5. "Where do plans come from?". Anecdote/case-study of the US Polaris missile system. Complex, highly political project, unconstrained budget. Use of PERT [1] to manage project publicised by program director: "a facade to keep Congress happy" - but PERT not actually used to manage the project in early years - constant requirement and scope change, PERT bypassed by technical officers and contractors. Summary of success factors: quality of leadership - one technical director had control over performance requirements and signed off on all major decisions for first 8 years, focus on development, decentralised competitive organisation (three different contractors developed competing designs for each major subsystem, then a winner was selected. each contractor had technical freedom to propose whatever they thought best), emphasis on reliability, espirit de corps.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_evaluation_and_review_...
See Nokia info:

https://www.nokia.com/phones/en_int/nokia-g-22/specs

https://www.nokia.com/phones/en_int/self-repair
> My script read through each of the products we had responses for, called OpenAI's embedding api and loaded it into Pinecone - with a reference to the Supabase response entry.

OpenAI and the Pinecone database are not really needed for this task. A simple SBERT encoding of the product texts, followed by storing the vectors in a dense numpy array or faiss index would be more than sufficient. Especially if one is operating in batch mode, the locality and simplicity can’t be beat and you can easily scale to 100k-1M texts in your corpus on commodity hardware/VPS (though NVME disk will see a nice performance gain over regular SSD)
Sorry, I was reading the comments before reading your article.

Getting around pointer events inconsistencies is a lot easier than building your own cross-platform VM, of course. But the project looks awesome and seems like a great initiative.

I imagine there will also be differences in the way macOS, Linux and Windows handle graphics, IO, audio, etc, that will eventually leak to UVM, it's just the nature of the challenge.
It’s beyond me.
I'd guess approximately the same number as those who have given a second thought to repairability, i.e., negligible. I'm all for increasing demand for both at the margins, including as part of savvier consumers' financial calculus.