skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> (The cultural divergence caused by different economic systems was arguably the main cause of the Civil War.)

Arguably, sure. One can argue anything. But that argument would be incorrect and intellectually dishonest. Cultural divergence did not cause different economic systems, quite the opposite, in fact: the different economic systems caused the cultural divergence. What caused the Civil War was uncompromising differences between the free and slave states over the power of the national government to prohibit slavery. It was the economics of slavery and political control of that system that was central to the conflict. States rights and territorial expansion each took a back seat to the South's obsession with protecting the institution of slavery. Though it is more complicated, in a single word that anyone can understand, slavery caused the Civil War. But one may also argue accurately that it was the election of Abraham Lincoln, who did not appear on southern ballots, that caused the War, but that is merely passing the buck. Let's not hedge here: it was slavery.
I think the easiest definition of Software is the stuff you can change without a soldering iron.
For large models, there are two main ways folks have been optimizing machine learning execution:

1. lowering precision of the operations (reducing compute "width" and increasing parallelization)

2. fusing operations into the same GPU code (reducing memory-bandwidth usage)

Neither of those optimizations would benefit from swapping to a faster language.

Why? The typical "large" neural network operation runs on the order of a dozen microseconds to milliseconds. Models are usually composed of hundred if not thousands of these. The overhead of using Python is around 0.5 microseconds per operation (best case on Intel, worst case on Apple ARM). So that's maybe a 5% net loss if things were running synchronously. But they're not! When you call GPU code, you actually do it asynchronously, so the language latency can be completely hidden.

So really, all you want in an ML language is the ability to 1. change the type of the underlying data on the fly (Python is really good at this) and 2. rewrite the operations being dispatched to on the fly (Python is also really good at this).

For smaller models (i.e. things that run in sub-microsecond world), Python is not the right choice for training or deploying.
It is not fundamentally bad-faith when he presents the argument honestly. He makes no sign that he isn't willing to discuss the argument purely on its merits. His comment could set us up for a healthy discussion on why one should (not) hold that specific opinion.

If one does not already know of any bullet proof counter argument, then presenting a "hypothetical" (devil's advocate) argument is extremely helpful to investigate why that argument is in fact wrong (or the "hypothetical" might even be correct. How can you know if you don't investigate the counter arguments?)

Refusing to engage with an argument because it is "dangerous" leads to no deeper understanding whatsoever.
Income taxes deter saving and investment, but are easier to target.

Sales taxes are hard to make progressive (they're usually regressive) and can be harder to enforce (if they're local).

It depends on your goals. It sort of makes sense that we have both, at differing rates.
Why 75 years?
They’re not in charge of the project any more than any other project/product manager.

Somebody else is still making final go and stop decisions on their projects, setting their budget, demanding stupid details, etc. They’re just in charge of wrangling some of the creative and production processes and get to take credit for the overall creative vision of the project (or blame their execs/peers/staff if they’re unhappy with it). Literally the same as in any other industry.

I don’t know why I keep replying, but any reasonably social 40+ adult who had lived in SoCal personally knows showrunners as well as people in most other roles in the industry. Some have even held some of those roles! This isn’t some made up basement-dwelled bs that I’m sharing with you; this is actual ground knowledge.
I don't think fraud is a good analogy - the whole point with fraud is that you are getting something different after you agreed to it, when it's too late to back out.

Going back to the airline example, most people say they hate getting nickel and dimed on things like paying to pick a seat up front or paying even for the first carry-on, but they will still pick one flight over another if the base rate is $5 cheaper. And in that case there is nothing untoward, fraudulent or "dark pattern" about what the airline is doing, as they are just allowing people to only pay for the services they want. But it's still a clear case of consumers saying they want one thing, but by their actions they are incentivizing airlines to do something else.

But regardless of the underlying reason, I still agree that the best solution is for government to provide "ground rules" that most people agree are better. After all, most consumers would probably prefer cheaper products even if manufacturers used child labor or had no pollution controls, but it's the government's role to ensure these longer term societal goals aren't completely ignored in pursuit of the cheapest price.
There is a creative part of product development though. You need to come up with something to vet with the outside first!

Successful product development usually needs more than just the creative process, but it’s not totally absent the upfront creative side either.
> At least on Windows it is trivially easy to use a different browser and set it as the default.

No, it's not. On 11 at least, any link that is part of the OS (or at least modern parts of it) will still forcibly open Edge, including anything you search in the start menu. It's not possible to change this without third party software.
Where have you ever seen engineering and cost scale like this?
The problem is that you hope this doesn't encourage the developers to lapse on RBAC and let an authenticated client do everything.
> The thing is, cleaning genuinely costs a bunch when a guest departs. It’s a per-stay cost.

And how can hotels magically factor it in the room cost?

Ok maybe not in the US.
Considering they just arrested a spy in the NY office's counterintel division[1], this is small potatoes.

If anything it should be comforting that for once the intrusion was coming from outside the building for a change.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_McGonigal#Federal_char...
(a) Of course it needs binary blobs. This is the real world where medium- to high-performance machines need binary blobs. The GNU dream never materialized.

(b) If Ubuntu (and I'm going to say "the Linux ecosystem in general") cared about backwards compatibility in the same sense Windows does, a minor-version bump to glibc wouldn't introduce API breakages that mean I can't build a codebase that's doing nothing new and special on my machine right now purely because a 31-subver bumped to a 32. They aren't doing anything new in the code; their JNI dependency just bumped up and so they bumped up the whole codebase's requirements.

That's fine, but it's not The Windows Way. The Linux Way doesn't think about compatibility issues like that in anything like the same way. It's a source-code-and-patch-it-yourself world. The approaches are completely alien to each other.
I think anonymous online price viewing would have to exclude tax for that reason but e.g. being logged into Amazon it would be best to display the default/selected taxes for ship address. I believe this is how most places, including Amazon, do shipping time estimates today - generic unless specified or you're logged in.

In general though I think physical storefronts would be the shoe in. Virtual might require more thought or even changes to how we do taxes to make as much sense.
> I just want to get from A to B, safely, and preferably on-time

I was surprised to see that spirit is one of the most consistently on time airlines in the US. They really do provide exactly the service I'm looking for.
The US, thanks to being well, states that are united, has a history of devolved government. In a lot of places the power structures are much more unified, but here there's a tradition of independence within broad limits.

There's a short history of California sales taxes here on page 3 (which is ~30 by PDF page count): https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/content/pubs/report/...

But basically during the depression, state-level sales taxes arose in a lot of places. Some cities/counties/districts then got in on the action. This means that people got to decide their own levels of taxation (and spending) on a much more granular level. Which as somebody who lives in a high-tax/high-service area (relative to America, not to the civilized world) is great by me.
Are they made of gold?
> ...the consensus seemed to be it was either a scam...

The V language was always real, and never a scam or vaporware. This clearly false view and misconception, partly originates from very early on (2019), and whether the language would actually be released on GitHub.

When the source code release was delayed (back in 2019), detractors and competitors pounced on this, and attempted to give the impression that the language didn't exist. But then, it was finally released on GitHub, and proven to be real. Unfortunately, the very tribal drama had already been started, and detractors and competitors kept it going. Obviously (since 2019 and easily confirmed on GitHub) V has near weekly releases, hundreds of contributors, and continually improves. That's about as real as it gets.

Hopefully we can kind of put an end to the old unnecessary drama and tribalism. It's now 2023. There is enough space in the world for different programming languages to coexist. No need to bash other languages or continually fuel more drama, we can enjoy whatever language, and keep it moving. Peace.
You can say these meta-studies means masks and hand washing don't help for large populations and you're right. But it's not because masks and handwashing don't work. It's because people on average are too stupid or otherwise cranky to wear them properly (ie, fit and sealed) and consistently.

It's not hard to wear a sealed N95 consistently and wash your hands when you come home. But almost no one will do this for years long time spans. That's what these meta-studies of populations capture: human laziness and stupidity.
Because they don't price actual damage accordingly. How much would you price you getting cancer at? For me I would price that at a few billion easily, because I value my life quite high. I'm sure bill gates would put the price of him getting cancer in the billions too. There's of course no telling which child you are harming in the ohio river valley might be the next bill gates, so you might as well price them all at that valuation. That would put the costs of remediation well beyond what northfolk southern's market cap is, and would justify either closure or if its truly essential, having those assets and infrastructure being taken over by the public, much like how any other debt collection agency would take your assets if you lack liquidity.
> Webhooks for critical application paths just seem like a bad idea all around really

Well, put. I've been deep in the Stripe API for a while now, and the invoices API provides up-to-date account status information and what a customer is paying for. This can be referenced as needed and, if desired, cached with some TTL and referenced as the "truth." Then webhooks can be viewed as a convenient way to bust the cache quicker than waiting for the TTL to expire.

It could be better, but it provides the necessary information without relying on webhooks.

An example of how we use this API as a form of entitlement checks at Tier can be found here: https://github.com/tierrun/tier/blob/f7c32426d30ca314706ca7e...
Presumably even the BBC could use them...
I don't have any sources to refer to, but "text summarization" is one of the common NLP tasks that LLMs are often benchmarked on. All of these general-purpose LLMs will be able to do a decent job at text summarization (some, such as ChatGPT, will be able to do zero-shot summarizations at high quality, whereas others need to be fine tuned for the task). If your problem is that you are feeding a large amount of text to the model and that is slow/expensive, then summarization will obviously remediate that issue. After summarizing most of the input text you still need to feed in the latest input without summarization, so for example if the user asks a question, the LLM can then accurately answer that question. (If all of the input goes into summarization, that last question may not even appear in the summarization, so results will be crap.)
So what? I'd rather it be a corporate pain - in which people will get paid to deal with bs - rather than a buyer pain - in which all our lives are that much more frustrating. Plus, changing price tags? That's the pain? Changing tags??? Doing the math that's done at the register 1000x/sec and printing it on cards?
I believe the only advantage our societies have over the previous ones is better technology. I don't think we evolved (much) as a species since Plato's times.

So to answer your question let me ask you one : do you think the names you quoted will still be remembered (and influential) in 100yrs? 1000yrs ? Sam Harris hype already faded after a couple of years and he said nothing special than Mark Twain didn't already say in "what is Man?".

If by "culture" & "orders of magnitude bigger" you are referring to the amount of music,books, ... produced every year : I see it like noise or pollution, making it even more difficult to find potential gems.

But I can agree genius didn't leave the world : it is just that the people who would have been found by institutions or who would have had more incentives to show their work are "out of phase" with modern society and "gone underground".
Analysis Paralysis is a common affliction known in pretty much any gaming and it's one of main reasons to avoid people. Nothing ruins a social night like someone dragging a game out for 6 hours because they think the result of said game is worth pissing off everyone else at the table.
This part in the section about limitations tells me that the only reasonable conclusion is that more data is needed:
> Relatively low numbers of people followed the guidance about wearing masks or about hand hygiene, which may have affected the results of the studies.
Benchmarking Ada url parser with Servo URL
It sounds you moved out, if so where to?
AFAIK the AI winter was more related to the Minsky paper, and the hype and no delivery of the over-promisses made by the industry.
You’re describing Oregon.
Just to be clear, this content isn't from Stanford per se, the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy is an academic publication that's hosted by Stanford (and was started by and continues to be run by Stanford faculty, but is mostly written by academics elsewhere and has some form of peer-review).

Some SEP articles are extremely high quality, I can't speak to the quality of this one but "philosophy of CS" as construed here feels pretty niche inside philosophy. There's lots of CS-related work being done by people in philosophy departments—algorithmic fairness, for example—that isn't covered by this article.
It's good they published this, but it's effectively a zero for any data either way. They did manage to find a small benefit to hand-washing, but overall there's no way to judge mask use as a clear benefit or not.

"Evidence is limited by imprecision and heterogeneity for these subjective outcomes."
I am sorry to hear this. I completely understand your stress. I was in the exact situation back in 2001 during the dot-com bust, and had to move to my spouse’s dependent visa for 6 months. It was a very tough time and luckily, it all worked out in the end. A lot of people have been in (and are going through) your situation, but I know that is cold comfort.

In hindsight, this experience initiated a lot of good changes in my life:

--It showed us that we (spouse and I) are a strong unit. We are more resilient than we thought, and don’t need a lot of material things to keep us happy and together. That realization was extremely powerful.

--I kickstarted my financial planning into high gear. We boosted our savings rate, planned for kids’ tuitions, paid off the mortgage early, etc. Since then, we always have 1 year’s worth of living expenses saved, in case both of us lost our jobs. All of that helped in taking our net worth to the top few %.

I would highly recommend reading “Meditations” by Marcus Aurelius. There are other good books on stoic philosophy as well.
https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/multiple-studies-show...

"Inadequate support: Claims that face masks are ineffective at reducing the spread of COVID-19 based on a Cochrane review didn’t take into account the limitations of the review. While many users presented this review as the highest-quality evidence, the individual studies it evaluated varied greatly in terms of quality, study design, populations studied, and outcomes observed, which prevented the authors from drawing any definitive conclusions."
Anaximander and the Nature of Science
>E.g. the directing skillset is somewhat related but ultimately very different.

Certainly. That's why the showrunner mostly doesn't direct episodes and film directors mostly didn't write the script (though they probably influenced it).

The difference is that films can go through a multi-year development process with things hopefully largely nailed down before production starts--because that's when the bills really start mounting fast.

TV, on the other hand, historically had a lot more writing and production values were often a lot lower. So writing was important (and had to happen relatively quickly) while a solid journeyman director was probably fine. Certainly their name was mostly not a draw for audiences.

(Obviously something like Rings of Power is a lot different from a season of Law and Order.)
Any ways to download that book which is no longer downloadable? Could you share some link or something helpful to find it?
Depends on the Airbnb, I guess. I've definitely looked at places where the cleaning fee struck me as about market price. And I'm much more likely to stay at a place like that as it increases my trust in the host, so maybe the margin-shifting doesn't work for everybody.
I came across an editor once where u can drop an image and it will put it in some directory and insert some markdown to link it. That seems like it would be a good choice for a static blog, although I didn’t try it (some Mac OS software from a year or two ago).
Multiple people have explained how it's useful to them. Do you think these people are all jointly deluded in the exact same fashion?
Case 1. It blocks my SQL playground due to SQL injections: https://play.clickhouse.com/play?user=play

- solution: disable WAF.

Case 2: It damages my presentations by removing whitespaces in HTML elements styled as "white-space: pre" at https://presentations.clickhouse.com/

- solution: disable auto minification.

Case 3: It makes the debian packages repository inconsistent https://packages.clickhouse.com/

- solution: disable caching.

In fact, Cloudflare is an amazing service - it is powerful and easy to use, you only have to take care when enabling and disabling its features.
I'm assuming you're being pedantic about the acronym/initialism distinction, but initialisms are commonly understood to be a subset of acronyms rather than a complementary set [1,2].

i.e., TLA is an acronym

[1] https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/acronym

[2] https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/1844
The cloud is always stupid expensive compared to running your own hardware for almost any sort of task that isn't highly variable upon one or more axis (cpu, ram, etc), but less than a week to break even is truly shocking.
Btw handcrafted nails is indeed a niche upscale market.

But I agree that some things are highest quality or feasible to build only when mass produced, like semiconductors.
Airfares are another big culprit for this. When oil was at a high price, airlines started charging "fuel surcharges". There's no such thing. That service simply costs more. I think they also did it to (further) erode awards redemptions because they still had to pay any additional fees.

Uber famously did this with a safety fee when there was a string of negative news reports. What did this fee do? Literally nothing. They just pocketed it.

Airbnb is an obvious one of course.

Whenever I see anything like lack of transparent pricing and the necessary for such legislation, I have to chuckle at the expense of anarchists and libertarians because a strong government is necessary for any market to function. How are there any anarchists or libertarians at all?
The guy claims the FBI is trying to get out of paying him a few million in finder's fees.

The evidence he's presenting has some pretty suspicious gaps, the government has clearly redacted a lot of his FOIA requests. They are withholding a bunch of information that would be completely innocuous if they actually didn't find anything, so why be difficult about it?
I just want something that supports LaTeX without a fight.
I like that, but doesn't that basically mean everything is becoming software?
Subway national ads & coupons (among other practices) in particular are notorious for immiserating or ruining their own franchisees. My nearest one keeps a sheet with the list of the ones they'll actually honor.

I wanna say Little Caesars had kind of a similar situation. I think they actually had a fight at one point with their franchisees over their too-static-to-be-realistic very-low prices.

In practice, these national campaigns seem to kinda be a bad thing, anyway—either abusing franchisees who can't evade them, or else not actually being offered universally (which is pretty damn close to false advertising, "participating locations" fine-print being more a bullshit dodge than something intended to truly communicate the truth of the offer).
CS is to computers as geometry is to surveying.
I do not think Stanford doesn't have a clue...
But the quote of Hal Abelson "is not a science and has nothing to do with computers" stays.
> They'd really prefer not to be in that position

What makes you say this? If I was MS I'd be perfectly happy to effectively own most computers on earth and be able to do anything I want with them.
This would be really impressive with some stenography.
The coop that I'm a part of (Quorum1) has been using game theory to play out just those scenarios. We've been at it for two years and you're right it's been like 10x as difficult as starting a normal company (I'm a serial entrepreneur and have started lots of traditional companies too). But we think the payoff is worth it, plus doing things differently is just straight up more fun, so there's that.

What we're finding is that if you start with the right culture and balance the incentives very carefully you can basically create a magnet-like mechanism where the more people join the network/coop, the greater the value derived for all members and the greater the opportunity cost for the remaining hold outs to not join.
At least for me, pkg-config has auto completion (Fedora), so typing e.g. `pkg-config open<TAB>` would give probably give me some results. But I agree that's one weakness of pkg-config, that you have to guess the name a bit