skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> This breaks down in the etc. What if an appointment is not valid on them weekend, or a holiday, or when someone's child has soccer practice, or when that appointment conflicts with another one.

Either the rules are an instrinsic part of an appointment or they're not. If you need something that represents exceptions to the state of a basic appointment then that's the job of the containing type (say a type called WeeklySchedule or something like that). Just like `Day` can be [1..31], but when used in a a `Date` then the constructor of `Date` wouldn't allow a `Day` of 31 and a `Month` of 2.

> At compile time 99% of the time they are closed. Languages also add features to let you make it closed.

You can't close an interface.

> This is impossible in the real world where hardware issues are real.

Exceptions in imperative-land tend to be used for all errors, not just exceptional ones, but expected ones. The problem is that no one knows what these side-effects are from the surface (i.e. a function prototype doesn't expose it).

Truly exceptional events should probably shut down the application (things like out-of-memory), or, as with Erlang, escalate to a supervision node that would restart the service.

Exceptions exist in functional languages too. However, expected errors, like 'file not found' and other application level 'could happen' errors should be caught at the point they are raised and represented in the type-system.

For example, a common pure pattern would be `Either l r = Left l | Right r` where the result is either a success (Right) or an alternative value (Left - usually used to mean 'failed').

When your function has this in its declaration, you are then aware of possible alternative paths your code could go down. This isn't known with exceptions.

For example the `parseInt` from C# and Haskell (below), one declares its side-effect upfront, then other doesn't. It may be semi-obvious that the C# one must throw an exception, but that isn't the only outcome - it could return `0`.

int parseInt(string x);

parseInt :: String -> Either Error Int

This confusion of what happens inside large blocks of code is exactly the issue I'm trying to highlight.

> Total functions also don't allow for infinite loops which is common place in real systems that mare expected to potentially run forever instead of only being able to serve 1000 requests before exiting.

In pure maths, sure, in reality yeah they do. Haskell has ⊥ [1] in its type-system for exactly this reason.

Anyway, you seem hellbent on shooting down this approach rather than engaging in inquisative discussion about something you don't know or understand. So, this will be my last reply in this thread. Feel free to have the last word as I'm not wasting more time explaining something that is literally about soundness in code and why it's valuable. If you don't get it now, you never will.

[1] https://wiki.haskell.org/Bottom
You can achieve that effect with salt, msg and/or marmite (depending on what sort of flavour you're going for). Inversely, there's things you can achieve with actual stock that you can't with any of those, mostly related to the texture.

If you don't know what's going on, it can be quite dispiriting to read about restaurant-style sauces, learn that one of the key ingredients is stock, and then fail to replicate the effect because the stock you're getting isn't the real deal. These days I just make my own stock (it's dead easy) and freeze it in ice cube trays for easy portioning.
Don’t worry, soon AI will be a wonderful story teller for adults and children alike <smiling face with smiling eyes emoji>.
How much do you actually pay an artist now? I've payed for graphical artists before, it wasn't all that expensive and I could've probably done it myself, they could've just been stealing someones work already, but it was just easier to pay someone to be "responsible" for it. Which is often what I'm paying for.
>I trust gorhill implicitly

Your comment made me take a closer look at what Raymond does and his twitter wasn't a positive surprise, it's full of political propaganda a lot of it anti-US and pro Putin/CCP. For example he shares Caitlin Johnstone tweets, which is a pro China account that might be known to people who follow what goes on in the sinosphere. Doesn't say anything about his code of course, but it's also not a sign to me this person should be trusted unconditionally. In general, there should be as little trust as possible. I expect my browser to ideally restrict extensions maximally and only give the permissions I explicitely agree to. The goes for open source code as well, there can always be a bug or exploit that hasn't been found yet.

https://nitter.namazso.eu/gorhill
ControlNet: Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Models
Flasho: Open-source,no-code tool to setup transactional notifications in minutes
Hi HN,

We just launched Flasho- an open-source, no-code tool to set up transactional notifications in minutes.

Last year when we were building an avatar-based social app, we realised that building notifications took up significant time and development effort (establishing microservices, integrating with a bunch of different service providers etc). And every time we wanted to set up new notifications or make changes to existing ones, we had to make multiple changes across the codebase which was time-consuming and messy. We realised we needed a better way to manage this.

Existing solutions were either too expensive or required us to share customer data with third parties. And that is when we decided to build an in-house tool. This tool turned out to be incredibly useful for us. It was a single dashboard to create and manage all our customer notifications across channels. It saved us weeks of developer bandwidth and we could now create and manage notifications without writing any code. We decided to open source this tool and thus Flasho was born.

Flasho is self-hosted(docker/deploy from source). You can just connect your DB, set up event triggers and conditions, create content and connect to the service providers of your choice in a matter of minutes, without writing any code.

We have SMS and email notifications now. We plan on adding in-app and push soon. We have currently built it for PostgreSQL. We will make it compatible with more databases in the coming days.

We’ve launched it under the MIT licence so any developer can use the tool. We don't intend on charging individual developers. The plan is to generate revenue through a cloud hosted service, priority support, features like multi-user login etc.

Check it out and let us know what you think!
I was working on a comic two weeks after SD came out. There were lots of problems. I've watched all of them disappear. The only one remaining is wardrobe consistency.
But why were there originally only male toilets?

I can't imagine not a single lady didn't go a steamin'.
Why start at x, y, z? A collection of mathematical ...
And older artists said the same about computer art, things like :" this new artists do not know to mix paints or prepare a canvas".
Artists can adapt and use this new tools and do their job faster, you might have to sell a logo cheaper but you might be able to make them 20 times faster.
Imagine a world where AI art tools are commonly used.

Ignore the messy legal and moral issues; just imagine, for a moment. What's changed?

These tools effectively enable artists to:

- generate a variety of concepts for some desired output

- render out the detail, lighting and shading that has traditionally been done by hand

- convert existing images and concepts into artistic 'styles'

You want a set of icons? You want a custom font?

The effort is reduced from weeks or work to days, if that.

People will have to learn to use them; just like any other tool.

So really, what actually changes?

Two things, specifically spring to mind:

- The existing skills that people have to do these things become obsolete.

- The number of people needed to do the current job that artists are employed to do is drastically reduced.

That's what's going to happen, and it's happening already. You need people to paint tween frames for your animated video? Well, 2 guys in a basement can do it now instead of a team of 10.

Yeah, you still need the key frames... but the mechanical shading and drawing that employs of lot of people, specifically in the animation industry, is going to be ERADICATED.

In corporate teams, will your 'design team' of 5 people be cut to 1? Probably not.

...but, those industries don't employ the majority of creatives. The majority of artists do not draw concept art. They do mechanical technical processes in VFX and animation.

There will be new companies, and new roles.

...but, a lot of people will find the mechanical work that earns them their daily living wage will replaced by a much more efficient automated process. Those people may, perhaps, be able to re-train and get new creative roles doing other things.

...

What the 'anti-AI' movement has won is a short reprieve until the 'ethical' and 'watermarked' corporate AI art generators roll out, and get accepted as industry standard. Maybe that's a good thing? I dunno.

I think it's fair to sat that the cat is out of the box now.

In the future, there will not be industrial scale human drawn 2d art. That industry will no longer exist. Hopefully the people currently in that industry can find other creative roles (or retire) by the time that happens.

When photography came out, it had a similar impact on hand drawn photo-realistic paintings; and I think you can see thing, historically. It's not that no one does it any more. It's that it has become a niche job, that is technically inferior to just taking a photo.

That's where this is headed for 2D artists.
Depends what you mean by 'good long time'. I think at this point it's worth acting under the assumption that programming will not be a well compensated career in 5-10 years, and either be prepared to switch to something else or try to make a lot of money in the near term.

Also, if I'm wrong then I get to be pleasantly surprised.
Personally, I highly value the vanilla perspective of chatGPT's explanations compared to picking through some authors bias to try to find truth for myself. What you are calling value is nice for entertainment purposes or perhaps some heuristic understanding and essentialization... But it is usually at expense of nuance and truth.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/arthurherman/2022/10/20/the-qua...
One approach is to make typo/grammar annotations only on the first page, or paragraph. Then add a clear note saying that you will only comment on the "big things" later in the document. This avoid demoralizing the author, while still sending a clear signal that something is wrong.

If you make detailed comments the whole way through, you run the risk of encouraging the writer to submit sloppy first drafts. Unless it's your job to be the writer's servant, think carefully before taking on that role.
What a nice sounding dystopian future you've described there.
Computer, generate heartfelt condolences for all those lost in the recent borg attack - Picard voice
This is a collection of ambiguous, inconsistent, or just unpleasant conventions in mathematical notation.
I used I think 32 megabytes VRAM as swap way back when. I think it was on single channel AGP or PCI bus, so it wasn't fast, but much faster than disk, so pretty good.
Internally we know we're conscious because we just do. We experience qualia, even though we don't know what "we", "experience", and "qualia" really mean.

Even so. For us, consciousness is just there.

Externally we attribute consciousness to certain behaviours, including (but not limited to) self-reference, goal-seeking, physical and social responsiveness, use of language, memory, and so on.

These two things are not the same. We assume other humans are conscious in the same way we are to the extent that they perform consciousness. We can't be sure, but for human interactions it's a workable proxy.

A toaster, a watch, a rock, and a web server don't perform consciousness in any way at all. They may have some kind of metaphyiscal awareness, or not, but if they do we can't see it, and without a comprehensive theory of consciousness it's parsimonious to assume they're not aware.

ChatGPT performs some elements of consciousness, but not others. It happens to perform the elements AI researchers consider important - specifically use of language. But it doesn't have a memory for previous conversations, it doesn't show any independent goal seeking, and so on.

It uses "I..." and a vast amount of human training to mimic the appearance of consciousness, and plenty of humans seem to want to believe that's enough.

But the essence of the hard problem is the difference between "performs the actions we associate with consciousness" and "is conscious in the same way we know we are."

You could argue that practically there's no difference, and from one point of view that may be true. But that doesn't work if you want to understand what's happening rather than just assuming in a "well obviously..." kind of a way.

If only because historically in science "well obviously..." has been consistently wrong.
There is certainly no general solution. Consider:

You make a base sketch and pad it up to create a square part with a single hole in the centre. You chamfer the hole. You change the base sketch so that it is now a rectangular part with 2 holes, 1 at the left and 1 at the right.

Should the chamfer apply to the left hole, the right hole, or both holes?

Obviously there are special cases that FreeCAD doesn't currently handle optimally, but a general solution is impossible without FreeCAD reading your mind.

(You could also asy "any of those 3 options is better than trying to apply the chamfer to a random bit of un-chamferable geometry". But a general solution is still impossible.).
I use my 0.5gb vps for:
- scripts (crawling/cron jobs)
- download manager
- prototype of hobby projects
- SSH tunnel

For static website I suggest cloudflare pages! It's free, fast, and easier!
Yes, far far faster, in full colour too.
Traditionally, manga artists took photos and applied filters on them, to serve as the background for the manga panels. Its just that time consuming to draw things in detail, that they didn't bother.
AI is like this, but 100x more radical productivity boost.
It will be a huge boon for manga artists, who traditionally had to work regular 80 hour weeks, even with assistants. Their core skillset is storytelling, panelling, not drawing.

The 'consistent character' issue is already solved by LORAs, just draw 15 images of the character in different poses, feed it to the AI, and it outputs a 300MB model that you can add-on to your prompt to reliably reproduce any character.
> If the latter, and if you don't mind my asking, where do you find affordable storage for your VPS?

Hetzner gives you 1 TB for Nextcloud for ~5.20 Euros/month: https://www.hetzner.com/storage/storage-share

They also have their own storage offering, 1 TB is ~3.90 Euros/month: https://www.hetzner.com/storage/storage-box

Contabo gives you an 800 GB VPS for ~10.50 Euros/month or a 1600 GB VPS for ~17.50 Euros/month: https://contabo.com/en/storage-vps/

Time4VPS also has a storage VPS, which is about on par with Contabo's pricing, but has discounts for first month. Right now they have a deal where you can get a 1 TB VPS for 26 Euros/year (a bit over 2 Euros/month), though renewals are regular price: https://www.time4vps.com/storage-vps/?affid=5294#annually (affiliate link, I use them for regular VPSes)

In comparison, a 1 TB HDD costs around 40 Euros where I'm from, way cheaper than most other options in the longer term, even with a backup drive or two added into the equation. Uptime remains a challenge then, though, as might data correctness long term and time spent validating whether backups actually work as expected (and keep doing so).
> they invested 90% of their time in drawing skills, which went from unthinkable to automate,

Except that the AI doesn't automate drawing, it automates the creation of an image of a drawing.

I have a friend who is an amateur water colour painter. I have no doubt that an AI/ML application can produce pictures that look very much like pictures of his pictures. But at the moment at least it is utterly unable to create the actual artwork.
The problem arises if a bunch of studios start adopting AI assisted workflows to increase productivity and the studios that are holdouts get left behind because it would no longer be economically viable to continue animating without AI. It could be similar to how traditional cel animation has declined in use. If AI assisted output clears the bar for consumers, then it's probably good enough for managers.

People using AI professionally probably won't put the raw output of DALL-E straight into the finished work either, I've seen artists that use Stable Diffusion to generate a base image and then do heavy amounts of editing with Photoshop or similar.
> Earlier this year there were reports of a cost estimate of $500 million and a time duration of one year for a repair.

So basically like building the pipe part anew.

> There was never any natural gas delivered via NS2

Technically there was. It was pressurized. Meaning it was full of gas delivered up to the tap on the German side.

> If Russia ever wants to sell natural gas (again) via these pipelines

Gosh, I really hope not. I also hope it stops pumping gas through Ukraine and doesn't waste time on Turkish gas hub. Dealing with Europe who acts like this is some kind of privilege is a waste, IMO.

> It is. There is zero chance that Germany will take any gas delivered via these pipelines

You are being categorical at the expense of being realistic. It's been gorging on gas from these pipelines like crazy, while filling the reserves. And it still uses Russian gas via various "latvian blend" like schemes, as Russia continues to pay a huge-ass fee to Ukraine for using old soviet huge-ass pipeline. This implies a huge-ass demand on the other side of that pipe. (It's actually quite fun to observe reiteration of history as the whole anti-NS1/2 deal is so hugely similar to anti-Ukrainian pipeline back in the Soviet era)
>What the 'anti-AI' movement has won is a short reprieve until the 'ethical' and 'watermarked' corporate AI art generators roll out,

They've managed to get some NSFW models shut down, but have they achieved anything else?

MSFT looks like they want to go full steam ahead with this, and they have pretty good lawyers who will not be frightened by a few frivolous lawsuits.
When we're talking about saving money on hardware it's not just the cents on a part that matter - manufacturing time and complexity (do we need a robot for the button? a hole drilled? will it fail? does it has to be repairable? do we need an additional employee on a manufacturing line to install those buttons?) is a bigger weight than just the part itself.

And companies will absolutely build a crappier product for you to save on manufacturing time. You're talking about a company that led the field by removing a headphone jack to make their manufacturing easier.
> The list could go one,

I'd hope it at least reached two or three :thinking:
Yes, you are.

> Every aspect of your experience is your nervous system and the sensory organs at work

There's still a leap from that to the existence of subjective experience.
None of the listed examples were purely software. You can't build a website that store health data about patients and scale it to the whole world and its dizzying regulatory variations overnight. You can't setup a shop for second-hand electronics that serves the whole world overnight. Etc.
I never played the older Elite, but Elite Dangerous was/is the same for me. I love that game. I haven't played in years because I don't want to get sucked in again. I imagine the source code is significantly larger and less interesting though.
"There's no money in comics, it's like saying "be a rock star"."

There's no money in western comics.

Successful manga artists regularly earn millions. Simply put, western comics got left far behind in storytelling techniques, creative ideas, because it got stuck in superhero #12831.

Even in the US, the vast majority of top selling 'graphic novels' are mangas, not comics.
They should be empty if you wish to minimize latency. For example, when emergency room queues are full in hospitals, that is a very undesirable scenario. The same can be applied in software - there are parts of systems that should only use queues to handle spike workloads. And the longer these queues are on average, the worse the overall performance of the system is. Just like patient health outcomes drop with longer ER queues.

And really, we need more context to say whether a queue should be empty, trend towards being empty, or towards always having tasks. I don't think it's possible to make a general prescription for all queues.
I think the exact same thing, obviously because we're on hacker news where most people seem to be hoping they can spend their days prompting machines for art so they can replace "artists" and save some money.

It's actually funny when I think about it because most people wouldn't know what image to use and how to use it even when it was generated for them, there's even a skill in selecting art.

You could argue enough good photos have already been taken that all practically all photographers should have already been made redundant since the year 2000, we still have photographers.
Especially combined with deep knowledge of the business domain you work in.
Because that's what 99% of the people employed for their artistic skills are doing.

I doubt AI will have much effect on the tiny number of people who can make a living by producing art to hang up in your house. It's the people doing illustrations for magazines/websites/packaging/etc. who are fucked in the medium/long term.
>So why does everyone seem to think that art is only flat, lit, pixels on a flat surface?

Everyone doesn't think that. It just happens that digital art, both as a medium and as an industry, is the only kind of art relevant to conversations about AI, because that is the medium of artwork that AI generates, and that is the industry that is being disrupted by it.
Thanks for the direct link, medium wanted me to sign in.

Looking over the example code, my gut reaction is "don't do this, this is an anti pattern and bad."

They replaced a simple, linear, hand written, and easily understandable few lines of code with code generation and indirection.

The idiomatic way to solve this problem is to have struct properties and/or a constructor that takes interfaces. In the concrete implementation, you pass the real dependencies. In the tests, you pass fakes (test doubles that match the interface). It requires no code gen.

My team is spinning up a new http service. It took me less than a morning to refactor the app from gross globals to creating server instances that can be unit tested in parallel. There are three core dependencies and the unit testing is super easy. On any dependency, set its fake to have an error. Validate the error is handled the way you want. Done.

Dependency injection is solved for Go with interfaces. Also note the Go Proverb and keep interfaces small.
Three levels of laziness:

1) letting ChatGPT write a tragedy response

2) not sanity checking the result (which incorrectly mentions "multiple recent Michigan shootings")

3) including a final line saying the response was written by ChatGPT
Both? Good and broad infrastructure is expensive. I was using a new plane with onboard Internet, two modern airports, three modern high-speed trains, three large train stations, driving through a clean and nice landscape. My local train line in my home town is fully digitalized and prepared for autonomous trains. Plus I made a stop in a town where Carl Friedrich Gauß was born in 1777, which was inspiring.
Assistive Touch is a bandaid I enabled, but it didn't give them the same piece of mind as a hardware button because it's "yet another thing on screen" they need to identify out of the clutter.