skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Most antibiotics are either compounds produced as defensive mechanisms by various organisms, or are synthetic derivatives of the same. That's given bacteria a huge quantity of time to evolve resistance mechanisms, and the scale of horizontal transfer of genetic material across the entire bacterial kingdom means once we started using antibiotics ourselves it was easy to select for the genes that already existed.

COE2-2hexyl is predicted to be an attack vector that hasn't occurred in nature before - based on the paper, the original observation was that in an attempt to engineer compounds to permit electron transfer across bacterial membranes, but in some cases these compounds had the side effect of inhibiting bacterial growth. They iterated through various versions and found one that simultaneously killed bacteria and had no obvious toxic impact on mammalian cells. An entirely novel attack mechanism means there's been no pressure for bacteria to evolve immunity at any point, so there's unlikely to be any handy plasmids sitting out there carrying an immunity gene and just waiting to be selected for.

This doesn't mean it's impossible for immunity to be developed, but the suggestion seems to be that COE2-2hexyl interferes with well-conserved complex pathways. If there were simple mutations that granted useful immunity then the experiment in which they tested multiple generations of bacteria with increased mutation rates would probably have shown that up. That implies that it's more complicated - for instance, a mutation might reduce the effectiveness of COE2-2hexyl but in doing so might also reduce the fitness of the carrier so much that it doesn't matter. A mutation in another component of the relevant pathway might compensate for that, but you're now requiring both those mutations to end up in one bacterium before there's a fitness advantage. For a sufficiently complicated and well-tuned pathway, there may be no simple set of mutations that gets you to that point - any realistic path might involve passing through a phase of significantly reduced fitness, and that might be an insurmountable hurdle. Or the only realistic way to deal with this might be to evolve an entirely new pathway, and that's definitely not going to happen overnight.

You're right that it's only a matter of time until resistance develops. The question is whether that time is on the order of years, decades, centuries, or millennia. A sufficiently long window means that we don't really have to care - either we'll be able to crank out alternatives by then, or we'll be in no position to produce synthetic antibiotics anyway.

(Wrote my undergrad thesis on this, but that was over 20 years ago so please assume that I'm mostly wrong)
Except you don't get better ads
One of my friends is using a no-code backend for an MVP. They want to rewrite everything after the MVP stage and find a few clients.
I think I like that lawyer.
At least in Clojure's case, most dev teams are definitely just working on normal (domain-wise) business apps, leveraging existing stuff from the dev community, and not posting on the internet about it.
A multi billion dollar company full of some of the brightest minds in the world, and this is what they come up with, basically just copying Twitters strategy? Sigh.
But you can automatically derive a lot of information, e.g. after

if (!x) return;

you know that x is non-zero etc. Or after

x = malloc()

you can know that x is - at this point - a pointer that has
exclusive ownership (if x is non-null).

So I think it is a viable approach. I have a toy C front end that does something similar. While this project stalled due to lack of time, I think it is doable with a modest amount of annotations and not more pain than Rust.
What would you do if you could read out any SaaS application? [OSS]
Hey everyone,

imagine you could read out data of any SaaS application, what would it be? I’d like to understand use-cases you might have.

Here are some examples to get you going:

* Downloading invoices from Asana, Notion etc.
* Get a list of projects from Asana as CSV
* Get a list of users with their permission in Jira as CSV
...

What use-case for which application(s) would be interesting for you and why? Thank you.
ALINAML
> The economy is such a complex model of every interaction that I find it disingenuous to base the assumption that market rate == usefulness on pure theory.

I agree, but I think this is also generally true. It really is true that a garbage worker is generally less valuable on a societal level than a software engineer (in terms of work output - they might be far more valuable for other things which are just as important!)

> We were lucky to get injected with millions of dollars of capital while he works for a utility company. He is useful for thousands of people. My lines of code have not been used by anyone yet and possibly will never be.

Look, that's true of a lot of software that gets written. There is a lot of waste. For sure if you look back and see that lots of code written was never used, that code in particular wasn't better for society than something more concrete.

But I look at it like with science. Lots of scientists are conducting research that won't ever pan out, doing experiments that end up going nowhere, etc. Was that value-less for society? I don't think so. If we could know ahead of time what would work and what wouldn't, then of course that wouldn't be valuable. But throwing out 100 bad ideas and ending up with a lightbulb is still worth it for society, and the markets react as such.

In your case - the reason VCs even have that money is because in the long run, given enough bets, they make money back, which for the most part translates into "they created enough value." Even if individual bets ended up not mattering.

> The principles are correct; is it possible that they are correct because they are fundamental, and not the actual reality where politics come into play?

Oh for sure there's a lot of distortions, both for good and ill. No argument there.

I just think that for the most part things are correct and adhere to the economic theory, and outliers are relatively rare. As opposed to

> I am glad that at least on some level, one can find a software engineer in a poorly managed country making less than a garbageman in a well managed one. So, somewhere in the world there exists a garbageman that provides more value to society than a software engineer.

Ahah, funny but true. This btw is itself the result of regulations - if people were free to e.g. change countries as much as they wanted, fairly rapidly wage gaps like this would disappear, which would be good for the world IMO. At least economically speaking.
Agree with your first paragraph and the first half of your second paragraph. But if you listen to Feynman talk about the path integral, he emphasizes that all the paths are real, are in fact critical to describing experimental results, and that it is simple to construct experiments to get those paths to coherently add to produce classically-unexpected results! I don't know about Dirac's "philosophy"; what you say of his stance may be correct.

I don't think Feynman would say any path is actual or non-actual. It's not the case that ONE of them "really" happens and the others are a calculational trick. It's that the thing that happens is a sum of alternatives. The sum is real, full stop. If you leave out terms in the sum you get the wrong answer. Is that enough to mark them as "real"?

THAT is philosophy. Certainly you may find another description for the same sum which does not discuss a sum over paths at all. Perhaps that means that the terms in the sum are not real? But we can all agree that the sum itself comes out right, whichever picture of the world you want.
> it's just a for-profit enterprise that will serve any government that hires them.

Palantir does only work with "Western-aligned" governments, so this isn't quite true.

> Palantir Technologies CEO Alex Karp says that employees unhappy with the company’s mission—or its dealings with Western governments and militaries—should leave.
>
> “We want people who want to be on the side of the West, making the West a better society,” Karp said on Wednesday at an event for the World Economic Forum, continuing that Palantir “may not be your cup of tea.”

https://fortune.com/2023/01/19/palantir-ceo-alex-karp-world-...
While my experience has lined up with the content of this post, I also think the conclusions only apply to a narrow set of organizations and products.

There are a lot of products, especially in enterprise or B2B where the customer is not someone asking for a faster horse. They themselves are innovators and they want something they’ll use and pay for.

So there is certainly value in pouring through the data and finding the best value to build next. And for that a PM is pretty important to lead product.
that’s really really really good, I have an overtrained Dreambooth model I was using with controlnet and even mine was flickering in the face more than this
> If you are a startup B2B founder, I want to give you one piece of advice, don’t ever give a lot of power to product managers as long as you want to innovate. Take your most competent sales person and put him in charge of the product

This is much worse. You'll end up doing what individual customers ask, lose product strategy and run the risk of having a guy in sales deciding the next features on the fly during sales meetings, promising stuff just to get that deal signed.

Some good points here, but it feels more of a symptom of other problems, like the lack of a tech lead who manages the team (so the PM ends up doing it)
This would be the mother of all tracking. Thanks but no thanks :) Privacy is important in this era of surveillance and datamining.
This article is a good example of how NOT to do science and analysis. It is a completely arbitrary mix of what the authors thinks are exceptional people.

To me it feels he wrote the conclusions first and then picked the people to support his theory.
> not me to find it for them by declaring that they will be exceptional

I don't think providing them stimulus and opportunity is you finding it for them. Giving your child access to interesting people across various fields ensures they can learn about various intellectual pursuits. Treating them as a person with real ideas to consider ensures that they'll have the confidence to engage in the real-world as a peer. Giving them freedom and "down time" to explore their own ideas actually give them the time to find their own path.

Think of it as a vector, you can let them pick the direction, but you can ensure that they go far in that direction. They don't have to be a world-class mathematician, even being a well-respected local teacher is exceptional.
> Second, most product managers are not smart in the sense that they make good product decisions. Anyone can be a product manager, you just need to pretend to know how things work and have done other things in the past. Product managers really rarely evaluate themselves on the KPI they have achieved in the past. And finally if you are really good at taking decisions to make a company successful you will have started a company of your own a long time ago (Not everyone want to create their own company, yes I know, but the high performers do :) )

It's pretty clear that this is the author's view of a PM and not what PMs actually do. It is the premise, and an incorrect one at that, of the entire post.

Imagine such hyperbole flipped around and applied to developers, this would be receiving a lot more vitriol.
The author bases his Strategy on the book Good Strategy, Bad Strategy and in that respect he hits the correct abstraction level imo.

I can really recommend the book. It basically boils down to how to take Strategy documents from the classic high-flying, bla bla visions, values etc that employees (incl midlevel mgmt) read and forget about again because its too far removed from their actual work, and instead write a Strategy that is both based on what actual problems/threats are, and that communicates in a concrete but not too specific way how to execute the Strategy.

Writing Strategy documents that are actionable are important, I think, to try and deal with the old but very true “culture eats Strategy for breakfeast”
Hồ Xuân Hương Introduction
Advanced Testing with Golang – Mitchell Hashimoto [video]
This is the kind of post a shitty PM would write...
There are tricks and there are transformative changes but they are not the same. In this case the flashy trick is based on some interesting developments but IMO it's unclear whether they will lead to transformative changes
It has that, it's called editions which have in fact made our lives easier. You don't seem to understand that editions don't break backward compatibility. Those companies would be welcome to keep using Rust 2019, but they won't have to because Rust tooling is not a nightmare, unlike C++.
You are asking the right question.
It helps like a very low cost assistent; for instance, people complain about it writing ‘wrong code’. So do most programmers.

The confidently wrong is simply because it is not human (even though many humans do the same); it is in fact not confident; you just attribute that to it because of the language it uses. In fact, it feels nothing confident or otherwise; it just gives you crap and then you can ask it to think about it again.

Like I was asking it something and it told me the answer was 11, then it explained why the answer was 11 but at the end of the explanation it concluded the answer was 12. So I asked what it is 11 or 12; it said 12 and 11 was a mistake. Which was indeed correct. Again, that is not unlike humans at all; humans often say something with confidence and after a big of pondering, they correct themselves. Difference is, humans actually do feel confident or unsure etc.

You write and then you fine tune and fix; that is what it does. But faster and cheaper than humans. You engage in a conversation about the problem; it generates code, you check the code and tell what’s wrong, it will generate again with fixes etc. Especially with boring things like structural transformations aka a large json doc transformed to another large json doc with all kinds of operations in between, chatgpt is simply a lot faster than I would be, even with errors. Just paste a two json doc and ask typescript types and code for both to transform them one to another. Then add operations by tell on which nodes and what they should do. Ask to make jest tests.
I like C more than Rust because for my taste, Rust is too complex. I also like that C has fast built times which is important to me. C is also far more portable and has a huge ecosystem. Another big win is that you can gradually transition older code base, while I feel the "rewrite in Rust" approach throws out the baby with the bathwater. Generally, "rewrite everyhing" is often infeasible and even if it is, it is usually misguided. Another thing is that to justify rewrites, one has to over exaggerate the benefits of Rust via the problems of modern C (I don't doubt there is a lot of rotten old C code around), which poisons the discussion.
It'll never be common at this price. Perhaps in Silicon Valley $12 is the price of a cup of coffee but here in Spain it is 10 times that :P
PWNing you in Sonic.
Being blamed has nothing to do with taking responsibility.

In this case, being blamed means that everyone will attribute the failure to him personally and say more nasty things about him and people will stop investing in his companies.

It would probably also quarter his net worth.
Sometimes I fantasise about implementing a BBS, which only offered connections over tn3270 and tn5250. Nothing impossible about it – they are both just protocols, and ASCII-EBCDIC conversion is trivial (I once wrote my own implementation of UTF-EBCDIC in Java – utterly pointless exercise, never had a practical use for it, but it was fun.) I suppose only supporting 3270/5250 would be a bit of a barrier to entry that might make it a bit different from something more easily accessible.

And it would be cool to connect a real 3270/5250 etc to it. To be as real as possible, you'd probably want a controller like a 3271/3274/3174 (for 3270), and then a BSC or SDLC connection to an IP converter; I don't think 5250 terminals had controllers (edit: no I'm wrong, they did, like the IBM 5394 and 5494), but I believe some of them could be connected through SDLC as well. But I don't have space for it and hardware isn't really my thing. Not that I have time to make my purely software-based 3270/5250 fantasies come true either. Well, maybe some day.
Heh usually I'm pessimistic of these things.

But this could be the gasp of air we needed.

Sonic drowning music still playing in my mind when I think about antibiotic resistance.
To be fair, Rust does not really have such a story either. Externally compiled code (i.e. code not built with the exact same version of the compiler) must interact via the unsafe C ABI and be re-wrapped locally into safe Rust-friendly constructs. There are crates to make this a bit easier, though.

Things might be different if you could preserve useful invariants all the way down to binary code, of course. Then externally compiled code could also be meaningfully checked for safety.
RIP Leiji Matsumoto Creator of Captain Harlock
I don’t quite understand these comments.

Oracle seems to be this big, complicated enterprise oriented corporation. But they’re also stewards of Java and had kept the language evolving with impressive stability and compatibility guarantees.

There are definitely firms that I don’t want to rely on for ethical reasons. They accumulated long lists of malpractices and exploitation. One in particular is very popular around here.

What am I missing here?
Why 68 percent of IT projects fail?
Reference:
https://www.zdnet.com/article/study-68-percent-of-it-projects-fail/

Hey everyone, get in here !!!!

Do you agree with this analysis?
What extra points would you like to add here ?

What are the best practices for requirements analysis that you follow? Why ?

Any good resources about to learn best practices about requirement analysis?
Ask HN: What podcasts do you consistently find facinating?
No particular topic requirements but interested to hear about podcasts that people look forward to listening to and why. Include a episode reccomendation if you can!
How would you estimate the work breaks down between you and chatgpt as a rough percentage? It sounds like you're still doing a lot of the coding, obviously lots of prompt work, analysing and understanding the results, etc.
20y/o perl and userland. Chances what your obfuscated, top (well not so top) notch code would run on it are slim.
If they were actually illegal then we should see some settlements or court cases resolved over the next year or three. The justice system moves slowly.
It’s someone’s AI learning to remember.
If only there was a small financial advantage to running serial dilution tests in millions of tightly packed infected cattle... alternatively, we can save money by dumping manufacturing byproducts in the Ganges.

Glad we're finding new mechanisms, and hope this one stays effective a while.
Are you thinking of records?
Many posts raising objections to this obviously non-scientific article seem to be falling victim to motivated reasoning.

Parents these days are stressed, two breadwinner families are the norm, adding child rearing to this is asking two people to do the work of three. Overworked parents would rather shoot the messenger proclaiming that they could / should have put more thought and energy into their kids' upbringing. It's an uncomfortable idea that the thing that has been sacrificed to maintain our two car lifestyle lies somewhere between our child's ears.
> On the other hand what’s the use case of a POWER9 desktop system?

Why, it's because they're "increasingly needed to assure safety and compliance with new regulations, such as the EU's GDPR.", according to the 'prebuilt' page you linked to!
The person you’re replying to didn’t say that either of those people was gay and that claim wasn’t central to their point. In Paul Lynde’s case, however, it would be silly to pretend otherwise.

You could also consider deleting your ‘perhaps’.
Can't find the source, but I remember reading a secondhand tale from early 2010s that sets at a CTF convention - a NetBSD/Dreamcast unit becomes the last one standing in it, for no one bothered to `uname -a` on it, and could not figure out why every binary payloads would just segfault. Probably cannot happen today with the likelihood of ARM and RISC-V machines in there...
Hidden Brain, by Shankar Vedantam & team: hiddenbrain.org
This is the third formulation I've come across that sounds like this with space and time emerging from particle interactions. The other two are from Stephen Wolfram and Carlo Rovelli. Are the formulations related do you know?

I've struggled to get beyond their popular science descriptions to the actual theories, I find descriptions like the amplituhedron being 'a multidimensional jewel' distracting, if you have any suggestions where to start for a deeper understanding of this one I'd be interested.
In that case they're definitely not honouring their code of conduct.
Windows NT has absolutely nothing to do with MS-DOS.[1]

This was a rather sore point back in the days of Windows NT 3.1 and NT 4.0, when a lot of software was still written for DOS and simply couldn't execute on NT.

All 32-bit versions of Windows NT up through Windows 10 have NTVDM (NT Virtual DOS Machine), which as the name suggests is a virtual machine which virtualized DOS.[2]

However, this "compatibility" afforded by NTVDM still failed in most practical situations because most DOS programs were written with the assumption of direct hardware access being available. NTVDM's purpose was instead to facilitate running 16-bit software originally written for the likes of Windows 3.1 and early days of Windows 9x.

All 64-bit versions of Windows NT do not incorporate NTVDM due to hardware limitations and consequently cannot execute any 16-bit programs, including software for DOS.

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_NT

[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_DOS_machine#Windows_NT...
I used to keep a server in my room for a decade and I plan to retire it this year. An hour a month is actually a lot as this overhead is highly non-uniform; the server may work fine for months then need a whole day worth of work, which I can no longer easily sustain. [1] That said, I have of course run lots of softwares I haven't written, so maybe the actual takeaway from your experience should be that.

[1] For example, distro upgrades. Have a distro that somehow promises no breakage? Good! Now I can spend hours to migrate to that distro and learn all its quirks only to find that the promise didn't actually hold.
So far, I am liking this application although i have been using it for the last 4 days.
So, My ideas are either to have an endpoint where you can GET the exported data as xml or csv, you authenticate using a token generated in the application per client. OR to just to have an export button per budget what exports the whole expenses within the budget as csv file.
Where to start with this. All I will say is that the job of the Product Manager is if nothing else, to manage the product through the product lifecycle. Concept, development, release, revision, maturity, retirement/death, including likely migration to some new product/service that is a logical replacement. These core duties are most clearly exercised in small product-lead companies. In large firms the job can become very bureaucratic and political as everyone wants to put a hand on the ships wheel, especially if the company is a single-product company.

Edited for typo.
Distributed fault-tolerant channel allocation for cellular networks
Serious? Would like some elaboration if you can :)
Indeed, like strong ties with real estate business.
By that definition, email would then fall into the "social media" category, along with letters, postcards, telegrams, telephone calls, dinner parties etc.
Is there any particular episode you think would be worth starting from?