>An algorithm is something that can be performed by a (Turing-complete) machine.

We agree so far...

>Therefore there exists no algorithm that can't be computed (on a Turing machine). That's by definition!

We agree so far...

>But this has absolutely nothing to do with which kinds of languages can be used to prove anything in math.

Here we disagree!

It has everything to do with which kinds of languages can prove anything in math!

If a language is Turing-complete, it can run any algorithm.

If a language can run any algorithm, it can be programmed to perform symbolic manipulations of Math equations that are expressed in symbolic form.

Basically, it can perform Mathematics.

This is what Mathematica is and does.

Mathematica could be programmed -- in any Turing-complete programming language.

If Mathematica could be programmed in any Turing-complete programming language, and Mathematica can be used to solve any Mathematical problem, then any Turing-complete programming language could be used to program what Mathematica does -- which is Mathematics, basically.

Which includes Mathematical proofs, incidentally.

>Your machine must halt to spit out a result!

This is a contradiction. Functions (and Programs) -- do not need to halt to spit out a result.

>The question whether some arbitrary algorithm halts is undecidable.

Algorithms (and programs and functions!) -- can be tested for halting by actually running them!

If they halt, they halt (99.9999% of them do not -- unless they are coded wrong!)...

>Or to formulate it differently: A computer can't compute uncomputable numbers
>or decide undecidable problems.

Yes -- but this reframes all mathematical proofs as being uncomputable and/or undecidable.

Challenge: Show me a mathematical proof which is either uncomputable and/or undecidable.

>But math can—of course—express uncomputable numbers. (I hope you're able to google some definitions of such number on your own…)

Computers can express uncomputable numbers (and any other concept in Mathematics) symbolically.

Computers can express proofs (and other operations in Mathematics) via symbol manipulation.

This is what Mathematica does.

Variables, after all, are symbols.

They can be symbols of things in the real world and/or they can be symbols of ideas...

But any symbol if defined in a Turing-machine, by whatever method -- can be symbolically manipulated in that Turing-machine.

Any language which is Turing-complete -- has the ability to manipulate symbols in this way -- if properly programmed -- like Mathematica does...

Conclusion: All Turing-complete programming languages -- have the ability to express Mathematical proofs, like Mathematica does, if properly programmed to do so...

>Also your tone is getting unacceptable.

To who, exactly?

?

Perhaps pure logic is interpreted as "tone" -- but the error of that particular type of interpretation -- is not on my side of the fence! <g>

>That said, please keep in mind that the internet does not forget… Your childish behavior will be remembered until the end of time.

I hope it does! <g>

The Internet will remember me (for a long time!) -- for my dedication to self-evident truths, first principles, logic, reason, clear thinking and simple explanations...<g>

The Internet, on the other hand, tends to forget people who endlessly confuse, distract, complain, propagandize, derail, make mountains out of molehills (and molehills out of mountains!), speak with "forked tongues" and engage in Selective Abstraction, Arbitrary Inference, Equivocation, Prevarication, Duplicity, Straw Man arguments, Dichotomous Reasoning -- or one/some/all of the above!

I'm not saying that that's you...

I'm just saying that the Internet tends to forget such people... <g>

You know, I guess it's their "right to be forgotten" -- for one or more such activities! <g>

>(In case you've forgot, you're posting here under your RL name, boy.)

<g>

Well, we know for a fact that I am neither:

a) A GPT-3 or other bot...

b) A paid disinformant and/or Troll...

c) Someone with such a large degree of narcissism and/or agenda -- that they feel the necessity to continuously railroad other posters to their point of view (remember, you engaged me in conversation first -- I did not engage you!)

d) One/Some/All of the above...

>And just a reminder: This site is not the right place to learn basics.

No site on the Internet is the right place to make illogical arguments to logical people...<g>