skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
This is an incomplete understanding of what very large LMs are doing. At a very large scale new behaviors emerge[1][2]. It's true that the fluency of language models is easily explained by "predict next token given context" but that doesn't preclude the fact the LLMs are functionally doing reasoning up to some limits. To quote:

> However, it is unclear how these models obtain the answers and whether they rely on simple heuristics rather than the generated chain-of-thought. To enable systematic exploration of the reasoning ability of LLMs, we present a new synthetic question-answering dataset called PrOntoQA, where each example is generated from a synthetic world model represented in first-order logic. This allows us to parse the generated chain-of-thought into symbolic proofs for formal analysis. Our analysis on InstructGPT and GPT-3 shows that LLMs are quite capable of making correct individual deduction steps, and so are generally capable of reasoning, even in fictional contexts. However, they have difficulty with proof planning: When multiple valid deduction steps are available, they are not able to systematically explore the different options.

from "Language Models Can (kind of) Reason: A Systematic Formal Analysis of Chain-of-Thought"[3]

To summarise that paper, they create imaginary scenarios and get the LLM to answer questions. For example:

> Q: Every vumpus is a numpus. Each vumpus is dull. Dumpuses are vumpuses.
Every dumpus is not hot. Every impus is a dumpus. Impuses are brown.
Wumpuses are impuses. Wumpuses are opaque. Tumpuses are wumpuses. Tumpuses
are small. Every yumpus is hot. Zumpuses are tumpuses. Zumpuses are feisty.
Rompuses are zumpuses. Every rompus is not kind. Each jompus is a rompus.
Jompuses are sour. Alex is a zumpus. True or false: Alex is hot.
A:

(Appendix A.3)

This is a "5-hop" reasoning question, which the LLM fails at. But at 3 hop InstructGTP (davinci-002) scores 75% correct for completely fictional ontologies.

[1] https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.07682.pdf

[2] https://hai.stanford.edu/news/examining-emergent-abilities-l...

[3] https://openreview.net/forum?id=qFVVBzXxR2V
Vinyl/plastic windows and siding might be used because they are superior basically in every way? They don't rot, don't require almost any maintenance (exterior painting, etc.), windows fit much better and are better insulated, siding is much harder to damage and easier to clean (and also doesn't need paint).

Frankly wooden windows are a personal pet peeve of mine. I have old (many decades) wooden windows in my house, and also new-ish wooden windows and plastic windows that were installed at the same time by the same company during a single renovation by the previous owner, so I can compare either old-new or new-new. If aliens landed and asked me "hey, we need to identify a few idiots among your species, can you give us the most reliable way to find one? Doesn't have to be broadly applicable, but does have to be a sure bet." I'd say "Look for people ordering wooden windows." I just utterly cannot comprehend why anyone would do it.
Algorithmic trader, quantitative researcher, 'retail trader' here. When your strategies are trend-heavy, most of the time you're slowly bleeding out, waiting and doubting your simulations, wondering whether the market has fundamentally changed etc, but a few times a year it's like you're printing money and you finally don't feel like an idiot anymore.
I worked at a Lebanese reception centre in the 90s before smoking was banned inside in Victoria (Australia). By the end of the night, there was a clear horizontal delineation of where the fresh air stopped and where the cigar smoke started.

Also, I remember ash trays every few metres or so in our local Target - mind blowing these days that you were allowed to walk around and essentially vandalise clothing and other wares with tar.

One other memory... there's an interview of someone from The Prodigy coming to Melbourne after the indoor smoking ban, and they were mind blown that when playing in a nightclub, there was zero cigarette smoke but instead the smell of baby powder
I think you're projecting a bit here. This is not only a well known approach, it's implemented in many ways.

> You can not take a single file in a folder and hand it to an executable

Here's a few things that achieve this that I directly used recently (and I'm sure there's way more): selinux, apparmor, linux namespaces, AWS IAM roles, path mapping over RDP, flatpak portals, android data, google drive sharing, google photos albums, windows ACLs, probably some more...

The idea is alive and doing well, but it can't be applied the same way it was in the military... because people don't care enough and they don't have a good reason to care. "disable selinux to make your app work" is a meme at this point, because labeling your system is a HARD problem. But the idea that Infosec in general is not aware of the approach is silly. The principle of least privilege is probably the most known idea everyone's aware of.
Reno adjacent town, Sparks, opened a brand new casino at the Legends Outlets and we visited on day 2. I made it about 10 feet inside the front doors before turning around and leaving. It smelled of cigarettes. Maybe not in the way it would’ve smelled 10 or 20 years ago, but more than I can take.
I work at a fairly large organization (>1000 employees) as something of a jack-of-all-trades-having-to-do-with-software-development. There are several different groups within this org pursuing a variety of projects, many of which involve software in some way (sometimes as their main thing, sometimes in support of their main thing). Over the last decade+ of working there I have managed to develop a positive enough reputation with a wide enough network that I can choose from a variety of interesting opportunities. Some are longer works that I support for years, some are shorter prototyping or POC efforts, and some are stepping in for a couple of days or weeks to bridge a gap, implement a specific feature, or address a particular issue.

I also get to act in a variety of roles, from developer to architect to reviewer/advisor to tech lead. I'm working to move away from formal leadership of people or projects (I seem to have a confounding inversely proportional relationship with Formal Responsibility: the more of it I have, the less I am able to accomplish) and this may ultimately have a negative impact on my career-total-compensation; the org has formal personnel and project management tracks but not really anything for ICs. However, it is having a very positive impact on both my productivity and my mental health. It is a relatively recent change, so we'll have to see what my raise looks like next year; maybe management will see my impact as an interconnected contributor as even greater than when I was a manager.

I am full-time remote with a pretty flexible schedule (attend all important meetings and get in my 80 hours every two weeks and it mostly doesn't matter if I'm writing code at 10AM or 10PM) and generally I get to work with whatever coding tools I prefer (need to get my Emacs-Jira integration MVP finished though, because Jira is a tremendous productivity sink for me and some of my projects use it)
> On the other hand, being constantly ostracised from public spaces isn’t great either… something I find infuriating when I travel abroad. If there were at least a few smoking bars where you don’t have to go out into the cold to smoke I think that would be nice.

I'm a smoker, and I absolutely don't want smoking allowed in public indoor places, and some outdoor public places as well. I don't smoke indoors even in my own home.

On the other hand, when I duck down an empty alley and light up, I'm going to be annoyed if someone walking on the main road comes in to complain about how my second-hand smoke is going to give them cancer.

Too many times I have had people go out of their way to inhale my second hand smoke, and then complain about it.
Will do.

If anyone is in the LA area and wants to check it out, it's Awakening Coffee in Inglewood. I'm there most days since we've just opened and there are many things to be sorted out. Come say hi.
Because immortality is different than health-span…
I go to a bar that is cashless and still see people have to leave because they only had cash (or didn't want to use their card).

To play devil's advocate, credit cards are another way to get tracked, a great way for a duopoly of companies to skim 1-3% off the economy, a way to be analyzed by the merchant, a way to get more explicitly prompted to pay a 20% tip, and more hassle than handing a $5 for a $4.73 coffee and walking off.

"Imagine these magical tokens with monetary value that I could instantly transfer to a merchant without waiting for my bill to come back!"

Going cashless only benefits the owner for not having to deal with counting cash, with potential worker theft, and (slim concern) robbery - things that, depending on the area and the market, are theoretical.

At the same time, I think it's neat that street performers and buskers have QR codes to Venmo. I think everyone should accept everything.
You would still die though, the king would just not age…
Very nice work!

Just noting that the ".link" "check" link on https://adraffy.github.io/ens-normalize.js/test/resolver.htm... isn't working. Unclear is that is a problem with my domain or with .link
Wind farms are supercharging the economies of rural America
'Quietly' in a world where full planning permission had to be lodged for the specific purpose of build, and all OH&S signoffs reached. It's a highly combustible reactive metal, and there is no way that anything doing refining (which implies gangue and waste product) is going to be made without significant EPA sign-off.

Australia continues to be the significant non-Atacama source of Spondumene from Pegmatite. And we have significant discussion taking place in Australia about the sanity (or lack of it) in exporting raw materials at low marginal capex compared to investing to make product, to sell at higher value but more importantly, strategically to our advantage having feedstock onshore.

We're stupid, and mining lobbies dominate capital investment and state planning> We don't build things, we'd rather dig them up, sell them to you, and then have to buy them back for more than we sold them. Go figure.
It's way older than that. "Smokin' in the Boys Room" is originally by Brownsville Station, 1973.

Random ashtray history: the massive SAGE computer system (1958), built for air defense, had ashtrays and cigarette lighters physically built into the computer consoles.
> luckily recently there is a tool which is,

...and that is???
Tldr but I am not sure I really understand the purpose of cucumber still.

Years ago I was on a project where the QA manager insisted on cucumber. But it seemed like just a fancy syntax for tests.

So instead of writing:

clickElement(Selectors.SUBMIT_BUTTON)

You get:
When user clicks submit (or given... I am still not convinced there is a difference)

...
Okay. Great. You have a new syntax. What problem doesnit solve?
But there are plenty of documented cases where heavy smoking for around 30 years = cancer.

I have to wonder if cigarettes of the 50s are different from the cigarettes of today. Perhaps, for example, some additive(s) not present in the 50s cigs are causing cancer in today’s cigs.

Also, “hard-smoking” is subjective. Are the heavy smokers of today smoking more than the heavy smokers of the 50s?

Speaking anecdotally, all four of my grandparents smoked, all four died north of age 70, and all four died in very unpleasant, smoking-related ways (essentially suffocation, all four- COVID, COPD, pneumonia, and I’m not sure about the fourth). So I guess my final point is: is it really a “win” if smokers “usually” make it to old age?
"Users" here pretty much means "keys".

> We will often refer to the users (i.e., the owners of tiny pointers) as keys and to the data stored at the allocated locations pointed at by the tiny pointers as values.
Yeah... I didn't. My grandfather smoked until his 70s before quitting and my great grandfather was still smoking a couple of Keep Moving cigars a day until he died in his mid 80s. All of my aunts and uncles on my mom's side are in their 60s and 70s and still smoke. Hell, nothing brings me back to my childhood like the whiff of a freshly lit cigarette. I still remember being a very young boy back in the 70s and smelling the cigarette smoke at night in the rain at my great grandfather's fishing camp at Grand Isle, Louisiana as the adults played cards and listened to the radio.
I'd also be quite interested in working on this.
https://archive.ph/OEYNo
> Even many European states that have what I'd consider much more progressive social welfare systems have smoking rates that are appalling, often 3x or more the US rates.

Which countries are those? I ask because it would be nice to compare the incidence of the top smoking-related diseases between the countries.
And a tip isn't a bribe. Thinking tipping someone so they don't sabotage the job they are already being paid to do is, to use the article's words "getting out of hand".

It is not unreasonable for me to expect that you complete the job you are paid to do, for the price we already agreed upon. Period. Tips used to be for good service, circumstances where you know that due to circumstance you're asking a little more of the staff.

Many of the "pickup" order sites I have request a tip. There is literally no service, and I'm not even sure how the quality of the order will be, as I've literally not gotten it.
I think that’s a massive assumption on your part. How do you feel that you have enough information to conclude that he ought to have been fired?
The building inspector can't see all the people you're making homeless right now by creating ever more expensive building codes. The permitting office doesn't see the good food people can't buy their children because they're spending more on their mortgage. The code enforcement officer doesn't see the person who ended up missing finding cancer early because their gas tank was empty and they couldn't book a doctor's appointment after increased inspecting and architectural requirements. People just see "bad thing happened in house because bad codes, spend more money that gets ripped away from other things that make us safe."

And that's part of the trickery involved here. People say "look that one guy died in that house so we need to require stricter code here." They're not noticing the freezing homeless people that died because housing become $X dollars more expensive and they lost the musical chairs game. Sure the homeless guy wasn't going to buy a brand new house, but through the substitution effect across a wide swath of society eventually down the chain it does filter down to everyone ultimately affecting their access to housing. And hey, added bonus, current homeowners property is also worth more when building becomes more expensive so why not juice that one housing related death for all you got even if you know saving that one in a million rich person's life ends with 2 more dead homeless people or whatever.

The ability for voters, already homed, to just change up the codes on everyone while not having their own homes subjected creates a cruel moral hazard and socially bifurcating effect. The guy that gets in early comes in and gets his, then says fuck you, you have to play by different rules.

I'm not saying the houses should be torn down. I'm saying any updates should put situation where homeowner voters are subject to their own medicine. I don't think they'll choose to tear down the houses. No they might decide after all "hey good enough for me, good enough for you."

As for "can't build with X thing they did/didn't have before." Well you can update the codes to allow both the old and new method for something. That would satisfy conditions for both standing and new construction without uniform enforcement causing old houses to be demolished.

It's honestly kind of insane I've had a couple people basically suggest that if the rules be applied evenly, they're going with the "go and tear down houses when code is updated and see how quick we can make everyone homeless" option to pick up their toys and go home rather than give others the same chance they had by allowing the old ways in the code. That's the only way I can make out you would seriously think people would end up homeless.
Data set of at least 2,000 within the immediate district .. read more carefully and I know the local demographics.

People here 'retire' early also - those that stay active with volunter work live longer.

Japan has an aging population, it's entirely possible that those that are aged and active can contribute to the care of those that require assistance.
I recall those days. I also recall hanging my head out the side of the car when riding with my grandmother to avoid smelling the smoke.

I couldn’t imagine what planes would be like these days with smoking/non.
Correct, but a nitpick: it's not quite an issue (as the parent said) of the score being low per se. From my own experience, in the time when I had no credit history, when I went on annualcreditreport.com or the alternatives, it would happily tell me that I had a credit score of 720-740, but any time I would apply for an apartment, or even the most usurious credit department store credit card, I would get rejected.

So yes, the lack of a credit history makes you look artificially like a bad risk, leading to rejections, but not because the system reports you as "normal person with low credit score" -- that would actually be an improvement!

For those who want to know, I eventually got out of the catch-22 by following up with the service department of a financial-advisor-affiliated credit card, and answering some questions like about employment history.
Yes, exactly right, because just that very thing happened in the 1970s and 100+ people lost their lives. They are mandatory equipment.
The first commercial jet airliner, the de Havilland Comet, debuted in 1952, though it was retired shortly after due to mulltiple airframe losses due to structural fatigue.

The Boeing 707 entered service in 1957, and is probably most associated with the start of the jet age.

Most commercial flights were likely propeller-driven aircraft through the 1950s, but some jet travel had begun by the end of the decade.

Edit: I've spent some time trying to find stats on flights / passenger miles by aircraft type for the 1950s & 1960s without luck. That'd be an interesting add to this thread if anyone has the information.

I do find total passenger and freight data here: <https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/air-transpo...>

As of 1960, both categories were effectively nil. Passenger travel hit 1,000 billion passenger-km around 1980, the pre-2020 peak was about 8,500 billion passenger-km. Data based on IATA.
The Yubikey 4 might not be FIDO certified? Apparently Apple accepts only certified authenticators, i.e. they presumably check the attestation certificate against an allowlist that the Yubikey 4 might not be on.

Maybe they also require CTAP2 (as opposed to U2F together with the browser‘s compatibility layer)?
Thought experiment: If you had to ban one of these, which would you pick?

bitcoin vs coal

One of them is responsible for a significant percentage of global carbon emissions and the other is not.

I don't favor bans, but at least that thought experiment should indicate which one to go after in some way (e.g. taxes).
Not sure if this is exactly what the person you replied to is talking about, but I recently looked through a list of tools for restricting the permissions of programs: https://www.macchaffee.com/blog/2023/hacking-myself/

Spoiler: they're all kinda bad, but macOS sandboxing is promising
consilient/still_grokking -- this is my response to both of you:

You have the Natural Numbers, N.

You have the Integers, Z.

You have the Rational Numbers, Q.

You have the Real Numbers, R.

You have the Complex Numbers, C.

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number#Classification)

My question to (both of) you -- is simply this:

Are those designations, N,Z,Q,R,C -- TYPES?

Or are they not TYPES?

Answer me that with a yes/no answer -- before we proceed.

Are the domains for numbers in Mathematics TYPES?

Or are they not TYPES?

?
Trivial you say? How so?

Tacked onto the USPS? Why would it be a good idea to have the USPS run a bank with no experience or staff in banking, for every single person in the country, especially when the USPS CEO is more or less openly trying to dismantle and then privatize it? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_DeJoy

*edit to just add I read the article posted by sibling, they are proposing a “pilot program” to offer check-cashing for a fee, not depository accounts, and it adds that they’re avoiding the word “bank” to distance themselves from places where you have accounts and store money and intend to keep it that way…
We've had a few customers that have shown real interest in the POS system because they are small business owners too, and split their time between the register and everything else they have to do behind the counter.

I've started coding it only 5 days before opening, and it's paired with a kitchen app that shows & prints the orders, recipes, etc. They're both very raw and I'm working on v2 right now.

Definitely a space worth exploring. I understand the needs of bartenders, baristas, etc. a lot better now that I'm behind the counter.
> Yes, whenever a credit card fraud investigation will be resolved in your favor, so would it be for a debit card – and the outcome is "no money lost" in both scenarios as well.

No, you're assuming the bank is obligated to refund you everything. As I mentioned at the top, this is always the case for credit cards but not necessarily always the case for debit cards.

As this is becoming circular, I don't wish to continue. Enjoy your debit card and I hope you never experience fraud.
I think it's a symptom of a bigger problem. It's tied to shrinkflation.

The problem is that the cost of many things has just gone up, a lot. And the US has bent over backwards to ensure no one has to pay the real cost of gasoline.

If customers were really seeing the true cost of every good and service they bought with no manipulation, hidden fees, shrunken products, etc, demand would fall drastically and we'd go into a recession.
Smoker's people sense of smell is severely compromised. They have no clue how strong the smell is.
Because they can, and people with influence know they can. Then people with influence force the credit card companies to do it. Not hypothetical, in actuality
Also helps ID the smoker for a meeting with the authorities when they land
Like, this is what the actual early days of the airlines looked like; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/St...
Amex has gift cards with no expiry and no processing fees after purchase. The price on a $3000 card is $5.95. Which is about 0.2%.
Brownsville Station was singing that song in the early 70s:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smokin%27_in_the_Boys_Room

It obviously varied by area of the country, or perhaps school district. There was no smoking at our schools in the 70s.
5 years ago I got the opportunity to take over a project suite and was allowed to port from vb.net to c#, including build a new architecture that holds the work of a single developer for 10 years.
I love creating structure and consistency, so this was a very nice doing.
Today I just know almost every line of code in it and I can use the work to help my colleagues learning architecture.
The navy didn't ban smoking on subs until 2010. That must have been something.
Nice, I have a pretty similar setup but don't have the reservoir, what are you using for that? My issue is that the CNC uses a drill bit so i get much bigger chunks/dust than the ultra fine particulate i get with the laser/3d printer