skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
A single mechanical issue isn't an incident.

Everything involved in aviation is designed to be extremely reliable, but parts are still expected to break. Airplanes have a list of parts which are allowed to be broken without grounding the airplane. Every part has a well-documented procedure for inspection, maintenance, and replacement.

Investigations happen when, despite following the documented procedures, stuff somehow still goes wrong. They are done to improve the procedures so that it can never happen again.

Inspection and maintenance is a significant source of errors, though. Nobody wants to disassemble an entire plane when a single part develops a well-isolated failure.

Air Transat Flight 236 had its engine swapped out with a spare during routine maintenance. However, the engines had a different "patch level", leading to them installing a hydraulic hose with the wrong length. This hose rubbed on the fuel line leading it to develop a leak. The subsequent flight ran out of fuel halfway over the Atlantic, and they narrowly avoided having to ditch it into the ocean.

American Airlines Flight 4439 was done on an aircraft with a faulty trim switch. Prior to the flight, maintenance engineers wanted to replace it, but this was cancelled mid-process due to the time required to acquire a replacement part. They re-installed the switch and marked it as inoperable - which is not an issue as - despite the switch being safety-critical - there are two other trim switches available. However, the faulty trim switch was reinstalled backwards, and the pilot still tried to use it due to muscle memory. This nearly lead to a pilot-induced stall.

There are literally dozens of stories like that. In aviation, there is no room for error.
When I try logging in with GitHub:

This application will be able to read and write all user data. This includes the following:

Private email addresses
Private profile information
Followers

Seems odd?
Interesting idea to reverse engineer the network. Are there other sources that have done this?
I’ve been mulling entering carbon sequestration space using biochar but what’s mainly stopping me is the fact that no amount of industrialization can even put a dent in how much new carbon is being introduced every year when now in terms of burning newly pumped fossil fuel.
Hey! I am still using Fortran and love it. For me it is as fast as C, but much better to write and debug. But YMMV.
Sounds similar to my needs and workflow, and yet GNOME always feels to me like it requires me to spend hours fine-tuning it, finding extensions that make simple things possible and tweaks that aren't exposed anywhere by default to make it usable - while Plasma works fine out-of-box and I'm not worried about little things I do like to tweak in my desktop because I can be reasonably certain that I'll be able to quickly reconfigure things whenever I get annoyed by them.

However, I do like to use GNOME on my phone (with phosh as a shell). It fits there quite nicely and IMO feels better than Plasma.
It's worth noting here that the root system of the tree remains and also that different trees/plantation systems have different carbon uptake profiles. There are ways to tune a production forest to have a lot of carbon uptake while allowing you to remove trees for production continuously, even to the extend where managed land is takes up more carbon than unmanaged land. Deserts are technically unmanaged land but they don't store more carbon and similarly a forest will stop being a carbon sink when the trees start decaying or the big trees stop growing while still outcompeting all the smaller, still growing, trees
> Compared to the cost of an air incident, $9900 is a rounding error.

Doesn't matter; that's not a comparison that's relevant to any decision here.

How many additional crashes per year are prevented by the high-cost bulbs, and how many additional dollars per year does it cost to install them on every building?

Maybe the 10 $10 light bulbs need to be replaced once a year and they cost $150 / year. Maybe the one $10,000 bulb needs to be replaced every 15 years and costs $900 / year. Once you've gotten to that point, at least you know what the cost difference is.

Then you can either ask "how many planes would crash into the Chrysler building every year if it was using 10 bulbs from Home Depot, compared to the one bulb it's currently using?", and compare that to $750. In that case you'd get an answer that told you whether the Chrysler building should use a special bulb. Or you could ask "how many planes would crash into buildings anywhere in the world every year if they all used 10 bulbs from Home Depot instead of what they currently use?", compare that to $750 multiplied by the number of tall buildings in the world, and you'd get an answer that would tell you whether it'd be better for every building in the world to use commodity bulbs or for all of them to use the bespoke bulbs.

But you'd never ask "which costs more, one fancy lightbulb or one crashing plane?". That won't tell you anything.
having gone from Linux to HPUX and now partially back to Linux as the OS i make my money supporting, im not sure the learning gap between Linux and Commercial Unix(tm) is big enough that there was ever a real problem training/recruiting Unix(tm) admins.

I think the the real reason why Linux supplanted commercial Unix(tm) lies in the hardware market, around the time when Linux got good enough to compete directly with commercial Unix on stability we also saw the x86_64 systems getting good enough to complete with Power/Sparc/Itanium based systems on most workloads.

And as the Hardware vendors challenging the commercial Unix market with cheaper Linux boxen, were often the same vendors who sold commercial Unix Boxen, the transition was often managed more then fought.
Plenty. It doesn't support DRM'd ePubs adding an extra layer of complexity, Amazon doesn't allow "personal documents" sent via email to have covers and they are picky about ePub support and sometimes book conversions will fail but would otherwise work in a native ePub reader.
Those OSes and browsers do show memory safety issues time and time again.

They are some of the most hardened codebases, and still fail in light of the issues with C and C++.
From the POV of a marketing copy, I don't think that sticks. I could possibly change it on the Github, however. Or, elaborate on what is meant by an ML algorithm in the context of DevClad.
About the « empty throne » : i recommend reading « le meurtre du pasteur », a philosophical book from Benny Levy (not sure it’s translated). A critic of all the classic philosopher theory and text that wanted to provide a philosophy outside of god. Very technical, but it’s a good gate to philosophy (if you can find TV interviews of the guy, he was also quite fun to hear).

note: « benny » levy, not to be confused with « bernard-henri » who’s just a fraud.
Or even simpler, just memorize the book.
Which freedoms are you missing currently? This obviously depends on location, but apart from few closed venues (which was good decision during height of pandemic) and few months of limited cross border travel (choice of every state) no freedoms were curtailed here in Switzerland, and absolutely 0 are curtailed now. Same applies for whole EU AFAIK.

Unless you mean obvious a-holes that back then refused to put on masks in shops and public transport and made it a political issue, which it was not, simply a security one.

It was wonderful to see all those slightly weird quiet types suddenly go full blown nuts and dive head first into various redneck conspiracy theories, if they weren't drowning in them before. Reasonable mankind lost those for good probably, but they were never truly part of it so at least now we see situation more clearly and can manage expectations more realistically.
Thanks! Ya, the archive link is useless, it only captures the free part, and I think I am very generous with what I keep in the free section on the ad-free website.
If you want to use statistics to support your assertion that C++ hasn’t gotten better, safer and more efficient over the decades then your statistics must compare different versions of C++, not C++ and Rust.

The blog you linked to is a PR piece. A real study would go in-depth and look at the quality of the C and C++, particularities of the affected subsystems (such as a requirement to interact directly with HW, etc), split findings by subsystem and components and also link snippets of source code to CVEs. Hopefully Google will publish such a study someday instead of a few pieces of data and graphs.

But that’s not the major issue.

You’re taking as fact that Google’s Android C++ programmers are particularly interested in safety or are significantly more competent than average. Based on my occasional perusal of Android C++ code in a professional context I cannot confirm either assumption: Android C++ is not modern (not even C++11 modern) and is very pointer heavy. It’s an eclectic mix of C functions and C data types with C++ constructs.

Take a look at some random fixes for CVEs that I took from the December security bulletin:

* https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/minikin...

* https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/B...

* https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/B...

That looks like C with classes to me.

Perhaps it’s for the best if projects such as Android or Chrome, etc are rewritten in Rust. Catching stuff after the fact with sanitizers, fuzzing, etc will never work if the code is ignoring or can’t use most of the advances that Stroustrup was talking about.
The modern-day equivalent is yes, regular user, just do <Windows>, then write "calc", press <Return>, and you'll be ready to use the calculator. That R really killed it...
I understand this would be a magnitude more work, but I'd pay money for these mechanics in a snes style populous remake
Baen also sells their books DRM free and have been doing so for like 20+ years! I think they were one of the first to even sell eBooks. Also sci-fi/fantasy geared.
> Do I understand right that this means you might have to pay up to $500 for medical problems?

I expect to pay at least $200 anytime I receive healthcare, even just for a 5 minute consultation with the doctor. Childbirth is minimum $4k to $6k, assuming vaginal and hospital stay is 2 nights. If C section and 3 nights, then add $2k to $3k. If using epidural, add $3k more. For both of our kids, we reached annual out of pocket maximum of $5k to $7k in the calendar year, for regular, non complicated vaginal births.

Deductible: What you pay before insurance company starts paying. Usually at least $2k, but varies anywhere from $0 to $10k. Could even be as high as the out of pocket maximum.

Out of pocket maximum: The maximum you pay in any calendar year for healthcare. After that, all responsibility falls on insurance company. Legal maximum for 2023 is $9,100 for individuals and $18,200 for families. Usually this is $5k per individual and $10k per family, give or take a few thousand.

The higher the deductible and out of pocket maximum, the lower the insurance premium (like any other insurance).

Insurance premiums are $400 to $1,200 per month per person from age 0 to 64, give it take a few hundred. That means for a family of 4, health insurance will be ~ $400 per month for each kid, and $500 to $900 per month for each parent. So roughly $24k to $36k per year in insurance premiums, plus out of pocket maximum is ~$10k, which means $30k to $45k per year will pay for a family’s (of 4) healthcare in a calendar year.

If receiving health insurance via employer, the employer will usually pay 70% of the insurance premiums. Sometimes more. If not receiving health insurance from employer, and you are lower income, then you can get tax credits (government subsidy). This lower income is usually $100k per year and below, the lower the income, the higher the tax credit.

Age 65+, the federal government starts paying for your hospital emergency healthcare, but you may or may not need to pay for medicines and outpatient (non hospital) healthcare depending on your income/wealth.
Two things.

1. The page mentions:

Github is only for login. To create an account, go to Signup.

2. It's completely optional to connect it. The reason it asks for all those permissions is because I'm planning to use it to integrate common Github actions in DevClad. Again, you don't need to do any of that. Optional.
I wanted to like qutebrowser, also for the minimalist interface. But not supporting ublock is a showstopper for me. Is that still the case?
I say this as someone living in Northern Europe in a wooden house: there’s a fairly good reason that the building industry uses brick rather than lumber here. The combination of humidity, temperature, and often densely-packed housing created both a skills base and a supply chain that has, over time, made it needlessly costly to build with lumber. And, a lot of our historic architectural styles prioritise brick, which is a huge pull factor when people are deciding on styles for new buildings.
I'm always reminded of the announcement the pilot of BA 009 made when all four engines had failed:

"Ladies and gentlemen, this is your captain speaking. We have a small problem. All four engines have stopped. We are doing our damnedest to get them going again. I trust you are not in too much distress."
Yeah it's not quite language's fault if the language provides a better way to do the same . But equally, the language does provide a bad way to do things. A developer in a hurry, or a developer trying to follow the existing convention in the code base, or a developer making a reasonable assumption that's later invalidated - there's no sense in blaming these folks either. We can admonish them all we like, but the bugs keep appearing.

I think it's better to be hard on tools, not people. We can make give the people better tools. Telling them the tool is fine and the problem is with them isn't productive and doesn't lead to better software.
Helping medical doctors and patients in the Foundation Model AI era
Entitlement is a mismatch between expectations.

Frowning upon entitlement will not fix that.

Instead be clear on what to expect.
What is the goal of the project.
Do you want users, what you expect from them?
What do you offer in return?

This must be clearly communicated even before a newcomers starts spending time learning the project, because then they have already invested time based on their own expectations and assumptions.
More like the system is just too complex for them to do too much. Sort of like dealing with hurricanes. You can't control its path. All you can do is try to protect as many people as possible from disaster.
> Frugality inertia: a lifetime of good savings habits can’t be transitioned to a spending phase.

Coming from a poor family and knowing the hard way the issues of not having money I've been obsessed with saving money since I got my first paycheck 8 years ago and I always thought "at the point I would earn current salary + x I will start enjoying life more and stop worrying about money" but that never happened.

8 years have passed and I still have the same thoughts despite earning 15 times more and having no financial problems, my mind just makes it very difficult whenever I have to spend money on something.
> you are matched with another dev using an ML algorithm

Could be simplified to just:

> you are automatically matched with another dev
>What surprises me a little though is that there is zero memory error even in unsafe Rust. There has to be some unsafe code somewhere, for low level data structures and things like that.

Even unsafe Rust has more strict typing and borrow checking which C++ doesn't have. It does allow raw pointers, but it's still safer than C++.

The other thing is that if say 1% of your loc is unsafe Rust, it's much easier to put this under more scrutiny than the whole C++ codebase.

And 1% is a lot if you ask me. I almost never need unsafe at all.

>There has to be some unsafe code somewhere, for low level data structures and things like that.

In most cases you can just use the standard library code for these. They do contain unsafe of course, but it's in one of the most battle tested places.
I think these concepts can be very dangerous if applied too liberally. In both examples you need to have a rough understanding of how happy the thing might make you feel, or how much "value" it's going to provide. I can buy A for £50 or B for £100. B is in some measurable way "better" than A, but I can't quantify how much. B being better might make me use it more? it might also be used equally little and be a waste of money.

Growing up poor and becoming comfortable financially as I grow up has only made these sorts of assessments much harder I've found.
Can you fix your use of “MBTF”?
From a theoretical standpoint you can argue that the "fair" price of fuel would include the costs of any environmental and economical damage done by burning that fuel: the cost of health issues from particulates, the infrastructure costs to deal with sea level rise, the costs from droughts that are worse because of increased CO2 in the atmosphere, etc. Just because those happen to somebody else than the person burning the fuel doesn't mean that the costs don't happen.

And the best way we currently have to price in those externalities is artificially rising the price of the offending product, to give alternatives a better chance to compete.
You are incapable of recognizing misogyny, and see it as an all or nothing quality. You need to think more deeply.
ASCII table and history – Or, why does Ctrl+i insert a Tab in my terminal?
Part of Richard Feynman's "Fun to Imagine" series, I think. Video link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P1ww1IXRfTA
English grammar is dying?
It's not that simple.

The typical European brick & mortar home is much sturdier than your typical US wooden frame construction. Houses aged 100 or more years are no rarity. The US median age of 37 years or so is still relatively young on, e.g., the German market.

Interestingly, though, European wood-based construction companies (wooden houses are usually prefab here) distinguish themselves with their energy efficient wall construction techniques. A brick-and-mortar company can achieve the same level of efficiency by choosing the best available bricks but they will typically offer cheaper bricks with add-on insulation. It's definitely not the case that new wooden construction is less energy efficient - but of course that comes with a price.
I wrote this text below for you:

Wow! I really loved your project! I´ve just shared it in a mastermind group that I´ve been taking part to.

Wordfixerbot paraphrasing me with the text below which is much better:

Man, that project was awesome! I couldn't help but share it with the mastermind group I'm in.
Where "weird" involves words like "licking" and "party" (not saying it's not a bug, just that it's a statistics vs actual language understanding bug in a feature and not absence of that feature). I bet there's no way to compose all of the words "spatula", "serotonin", "pion" and "deconstruction" along with words like is/a/an/of/how/what/when that would turn safe search off, despite any query of this format would pretty weird.
Argument-Dependent Lookup and the Hidden Friend Idiom
Memory safety is not "too specific", it's table stakes if you want any kind of logically sound semantics. If you care about logical bugs in a broader sense, you should care about safety.
It's interesting that the requirements for a text model are so much greater than for images.

Stable diffusion can run on a home pc, while it seems you need a super computer for GPT3. I'm not sure that would have been my intuition.
Look at From Dust[1] for something like this with gameplay, more recent than Populous (Xbox 360 generation).

[1] https://www.ubisoft.com/en-gb/game/from-dust
There's nothing that makes you feel old more quickly than seeing someone trying to rebuild the sort of technology you implemented in the era that they were actually modern.
Isn't biochar more a play for soil protection?
Moreover, people would be up in arms if a perfectly good car, with a perfectly good engine starts consuming say 30% more fuel than an "update" ago.
> that is using government [monopoly] on violence to artificially raise the price of alternative product

A less dramatic summary is the government is partially factoring in the negative externalities of carbon, through taxation or minimum pricing.

You call that violence, whilst downplaying the very real harm (actual death and destruction) caused by excess carbon in the atmosphere.
Without taking a strong position either way on this topic, whenever I see tools or ideas like this I am reminded of this piece [0] by Tog [1] from 1989: “Keyboard vs. The Mouse, pt 1”.

Even today (as a curmudgeonly old Emacs user for long form text, and a Vi user for the command line) I still find that my intuition (which aligns with result #1 in Tog’s study) collides pretty firmly with the data (result #2 in Tog’s study).

After ~30 years of working on both the command line and the GUI, I’m still not sure where the truth lies.

[0]: https://www.asktog.com/TOI/toi06KeyboardVMouse1.html

[1]: https://www.asktog.com/
This is very intentional because it is common for malware to install browser extensions. It would be nice to have a way to opt-out but this is probably hard to do without also making it too easy for the malware to opt-out for you.
Ask HN: What are unusual or surprising jobs around software engineering?
I've been a software engineer (and recently manager) since 20+ years. I've been building products all this time, as an employee or contractor. I wonder what alternatives there are to this very normal way of working.

For example, there is consulting, teaching. I've also been always interested in focusing on very old tech and keeping it running.

I'm happy to read about anything surprising, inspiring in the field of software. Doesn't have to be exciting, just unusual, off the beaten path.
I like poking around with these sorts of sandboxes, but in order to gamify it, you might need some objectives, limitations and planning goals, eg:

- you have a limited amount of some mineral or rock that erodes quicker or slower than others, and you need to move water from one location to another.

- there is a magma chamber growing under a mountain. Move the villagers out of harms way / destroy enemies.

- introduce sinkholes: make as many sinkholes as possible within some period.
> terraced

Do you mean detatched housing? (which takes up a lot more space than terraced). I live in England though where small compact terraced housing (relative to the US) is very common in the housing stock.
The only flat theme I liked was Zukitre under Linux with the Newaita icons. Contrasted gray with clear buttons and nice icons. The rest sucked a lot. Either too bright, or dark, or contrastless.
Yep. This is the uncomfortable truth: back in the heyday of Aqua, if you wanted a good icon, you had to pay a skilled artist about 40% of the sum that, today, gets you a full app design sketch.

Folks look at the cool designs from that era (and late '90s Windows) and want them back. You can't have that and $0.99 apps. If you try to get that kind of design with today's design budgets, you get exactly the kind of Y2K photo app skeumorphic design that everyone hated.
I wonder if the gang were called 该死的美国 [loosely, "death to America"; more accurately just a swear word applied to America], if that would be translated or if it would just be reported as "Gaisidemeiguo Ransomware Gang".

Yanluowang is normally "Yama" or "King Yama" in English. If you really wanted to dramatize the gang, you could even call them the "King of Hell" gang.
Yeah, the units all shoot. One-off events turn out to take negligible bandwidth if they are cosmetic and the client can predict what happens.
There's also the nyxt browser which can be setup to vi or emacs bindings https://github.com/atlas-engineer/nyxt
Minor nitpick, prescriptions are written by doctors, with a medical degree, rather than pharmacists with a degree in pharmaceutical science dealing mostly with analytical chemistry and biochemistry.