skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Your understanding of the classic gold standard is flawed.

First, in the long run the value of gold had been rather stable. That's because the supply of gold isn't random: it takes effort to mine gold. If the gold price is higher than usual for a longer time, people will put more effort into mining. (More formally: even more marginal mines will be worked.) Similar for periods of low gold prices.

Of course, these adjustments happen over long time periods only.

Second, in anything but a very naive gold standard the amount of gold in circulation doesn't need to reflect the size of the economy. At least not directly. Gold was mostly a unit of account, but people seldom exchanged physical gold coins. Which fractional reserve banking, there's no simple relation between the amount of money in an economy and the amount of gold, even if every note is redeemable in gold on demand.

During its free banking era, Scotland was famous for having both a very strong and stable banking sector (one of the reasons it manage to mostly catch up with the England during the Industrial Revolution), and also scarcely any gold in the country.

In Scotland during that time, typical banks held about 2% of their as assets as gold reserves, the rest was invested in the real economy. However, they also had much thicker equity cushions than was is common today: about 30% instead of 8%. That's equivalent to saying that Scottish banks were much less leveraged.
Keep in mind the vast, vast majority of homes in the Philippines use little power - a few light bulbs and a phone charger. Microwaves, electric stoves, ACs, tvs, and large refrigerators or freezers are rare to find in a house, much less something like a hot tubs or Tesla power walls as someone else mentioned.
unrelated to the topic, have you ever used google's mediapipe? Just would like to hear your opinion about it, you seem like deep with cv and ai. I am trying to make a video meme creator with object tracking as a hobby project during my hiatus.
It's not a real product, at least not yet. It's not up to my standards, so I haven't published it anywhere. It will be open source if I decide to polish and publish it.
Rexx at IBM, but I guess there are several such internal langs used in similar obscure companies.
They should have bought an air fryer.
Title should have (2017)?
Thanks for the feedback, i have used Next JS and Material UI.
Sure, will add it to the todo list.
This could use (2017) (original benchmark date) or (2021) (last modified time) in the title.
Ok so let's run with this a bit. The US uses on average 90 million acres of land annually for grain production. If we stack 10 deep we'd need a 8-10 story structure the size of Vermont.
Didn't have too much trouble:

https://www.google.com/search?q=1991+forth
This kind of thinking is very warm and fuzzy with one or two pigs, and much less so when it's on the scale of billions.
No, Link was just designed to be off-putting and gross with women so Zelda hates him and slaps him for it all the time. I think that style was fairly common at the time.
> There are utf-7, utf-8, utf-16 (JS uses that) and utf-32 (C# uses that) in use. And more exist that abandoned.

Javascript is just UCS-2 that exposes UTF-16 internals (eg. surrogates) for your application logic to process if you want to do anything correct with the string (other than pass it around unmodified). Maybe it's "abandoned" in the sense that UTF-16 nominally supersedes it, but yea, it's actually just UCS-2. Lots of the stuff in early 1990s used UCS-2 (eg NTFS).

This also goes to your point about living with "wrong" decisions from the past due to compatibility and inertia. Nobody knew we needed more than 2^16 code points (bet most of you don't know about the Kangxi Dictionary...)
Out of curiosity, can you wax lyrical a bit more on construction? I’m about to build a house but I’m considering holding off for 12 months to see what happens with materials prices. Particularly steel. Not too concerned about contractors as I am building myself.
> As of 2020, that requirement was dropped to... 0%

And that's a good thing! Canada never had a minimum reserve ratio either.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserve_requirement#Countries_...

> Canada, the UK, New Zealand, Australia, Sweden and Hong Kong[13] have no reserve requirements.
By comparison, in context. Context really is everything here
Congratulations, you have just indirectly solved global warming via a massive reduction in the global population.
And is zero-sum, thus not creating money. If a bank wants to pay everyone's invoices early they can, but unless that bank is using a fed account to pay the account, the result will be zero sum and no money will be created.

The critical point is whether the final lender in the chain is lending $$ that previously existed, or whether they are lending $$ that popped up in a Fed Account 20 minutes ago. The first case is zero-sum, the second case is only zero sum _when(if?) the loan is repayed_.
To what end? Put on trial in the court of public opinion? Likely be harassed? Receive death threats?

The only end this would serve is to give people a circus while they wait for the trial.
That's only a small portion. Perhaps a bootstrap at most.

Most of the value comes from network effects.
Gold buggery and crypto may be scams, but the current system where the people with the most money get to issue themselves more money is definitely a scam.
You have to admit it doesn’t look a day over 24
They weren't hunter-gatherers, they were pastoral and nomadic. Their diet was a lot of milk and meat.

They even had a fermented milk drink that was highly praised in Marco Polo's book.
The show is tragically no longer ongoing, but luckily the book series is complete so you can still find out how the story ends.
That's a good point, but if that were a concern the judge should've denied bail
I thought the same and did not plan on adding it. But then I did a search on google, I took the idea from similar sort of tools available online and people are using them. As you said, it is just spitting html in string format.
Yes. That's why it makes more sense to talk about money-ness as a gradual property.

Eg Amazon store credit has some properties of money, but is not universally accepted. Similar for cigarettes in prison (or whatever is popular for that purpose at the moment).
You got me curious. In 2020 (the latest year with data), per-capita electricity consumption in the Philippines was 897 kWh[1] and the average household size was 4.1 people.[2] This works out to 10.1 kWh/household/day.

In that same year, the comparable number for the US was 29.3 kWh/household/day.[3]

[1] https://www.statista.com/statistics/1236746/consumption-of-e...

[2] https://www.statista.com/statistics/1298672/philippines-aver...

[3] https://web.archive.org/web/20220101185903/https://www.eia.g...
> critical point is whether the final lender in the chain is lending $$ that previously existed, or whether they are lending $$ that popped up in a Fed Account 20 minutes ago

The Fed isn't fundamental. Money precedes central banking by millennia.

Banks, even today, can create money willy nilly intraday. (They'll get boned EOD.) But whether the money is created at the Fed is an accounting matter, not monetary.
I wonder how using SQLite like this compares to something like squashFS.
Correct, the hardware token adds nothing over TOTP in this case. You can use a platform authenticator instead of a roaming authenticator, but that only stops you from authenticating on a different machine; it doesn't stop a stolen session from being used on a different machine.

The step-up authentication CircleCI mentions is probably more of a sudo model, with a long-lived baseline level of privilege that can only be elevated for short bursts. This is orthogonal to MFA, but it's at least less of a nuisance with a hardware token than with other options.

> and that site doesn't somehow restrict the session token to only being used on the machine that generated it

One simple practice for security-critical systems is to bind sessions to the client's IP address during authentication. It's not bulletproof given the assumption of malware an attacker can still tunnel through, but neither is locking the session to the device. You could, but the malware is also on the device and can do anything the user can (this is why it's preferable to test user presence outside the device by e.g. tapping a USB key).
Its okay, I think you said it in humor
Life can't be meaningless if it can also have whatever meaning you give it, unless you give it the degenerate meaning of 'nothing', though.

Hence my issue with this: If you need to use (1) "life is meaningless" as a stepping stone to (2) "therefore, life has whatever meaning you give it", you've already agreed to that constraint by default. I'm sure it helps a lot of people get from (1) to (2), but better still is to realize (2) is in a sense _deeper_ than (1) and you can just throw out (1) once you have (2) locked down enough in your psyche.
>> but a new security that is created <<

What is a "security" ?
Mostly agreed.

> The Fed doesn't need to be present for any of this, but they provide an important stabilizing function [...]

Alas in practice they are more of an arsonist than a firefighter.
I’d be curious about the history of the creation of central banks - do you have a source for this? My intuition would be that central banks were developed as asset bubbles became so large that the state became involved - and are designed to maximize state control over assets.
The big deal here is the yield; the field outside my window yields 6 tonnes/hectare/year on a good year. The article mentions 117 tonnes/hectare and I assume it's on a yearly basis.

I can't imagine the production being more energy efficient than a regular field, but it sure saves space. I can imagine places like Singapore would benefit greatly since it could produce food locally.
And why would they get boned EOD?
This might be the biggest breakthrough since leaded gasoline!
The Mathematisch Centrum/CWI is responsible not only for incubating Python but for other computing antics, most memorably https://godfatherof.nl/kremvax.html (something Sir Piet* neglects to mention is that in 1984 all US<->Europe usenet traffic went by way of mcvax, so as far as metadata was concerned, the forgery was perfect when seen from the US side!)

* De hoogwelgeboren heer Piet ridder Beertema as he is now?
> This is because the central bank determines reserve requirements for the commercial banks, [...]

Many countries don't have minimum reserve requirements.

However the gist of what you are saying is still true.
> When someone buys a building to lease out flats, is that not productive?

Why would that be productive? Would the previous owner have left the building empty? If so, why, and isn't that an issue that should be addressed first?

Maybe you have other scenarios in mind where a change of ownership isn't the only thing that happens, but then the productivity is, at least to the first order, due to that other thing, not due to the change of ownership.
I had additional context in that chat session and whole/part of the whole session is used as input for every output. I think it was fine-tuned on that example from the paper, that's why it can answer it in isolation.

This is interesting, I asked again with different irrelevant to math context in my previous inputs and here is the answer:

> You have 28 chairs in the room. If you had 10 chairs and then bought 9 more, you would have a total of 10 + 9 = 28 chairs in the room.

10 + 9 = 28

It's like you say. Statistics of words change based on the context, so you will get different (correct or incorrect) answer depending on the context of your previous inputs.
Keep my nationality out of it!
I agree - that is why I find such general instructions, such as "Answer all Emails immediately", as often emphasized by other "self-optimisation/productivity" articles, so irritating: Emails, as everything else, initially move to the (really long) 'open task list' - as mentioned in the article here. Depending on their importance, they may move to the 'closed-task' list, which is limited in length and sorted by priority. That means two things: a) emails will be answered in descending priority, meaning that some may be answered faster than other and b) some emails have such a low priority to me that I may fail to answer them at all - which is Ok. I have limited time available, so the outcome is if an email isn't important enough there is a chance it won't get answered, and I won't regret it.
Not so fast, you just skated right past capital requirements for build out, maintenance costs, and the sun. There was an article posted in here not two weeks ago detailing how the entire stacked grow startup industry is imploding due to increases in energy costs and I'm quite certain you haven't figured out how to grow tomatoes in pitch blackness.
No it's not. People adapt to the host country and become people of that country. My kids were both born in Germany and are "German" in every way, even though both me and my wife are immigrants. Doing it gradually allows immigrants to subsume into society rather than create parallel societies.
> why would they get boned EOD?

Because they can't meet their reserve requirement. If JPMorgan creates a trillion dollars of deposits at 11AM, that's fine. If, at the end of the day, they have insufficient reserves, they'll go into receivership. This system is far superior to the old method, which more resembled FTX.
I think that temporary abstinence is worthwhile - because what will happen is you find new ways to fill that time. And those new things will really be what helps you move on ultimately.
But yeah, you might relapse, it can be hard if you enjoy the activity a lot. But after you've had your fill it should be easier to walk away/ do another 28 days!
This would not be the case if you where growing the wheat in a tropical climate where wheat would not normally grow.

For example think of Sudan. Most of the current supplies need to be shipped by ship and then expensively transported inland.

But Sudan has lots of sunlight.
So, one would cover around 16 houses. That’s some incredible tonnage.

I wonder if cemented rubble, in a steel housing, could be used.
Fasting increases health and lifespan in male mice (2018)
From your own link, without even scrolling down:

> Janesich and Young stress that their results, both
> original and new, in no way imply that those vaccines
> integrate their sequences into our DNA.
Well, it has some properties of money in some degree.

Eg the brewery that supplies beer to your bar will typically not accept your a bar tab as payment. But they will accept USD.

(However, 'factoring' of accounts receivables is a thing. And it's conceivable that under some circumstances third parties might start accepting bar tabs of reputable patrons.

See shadow banking, too.)
Shoutout to the British NHS Data that lists for risk of hospitalization/overnight hospitalization /dying per agegroup(decade each) per month.

I find it worth mentioning that the conscious choice not to do this and argue with overall numbers is clearly showing a lack of integrity in the source aimed at pushing a predetermined narrative.

You can not in good concise pretend or even imply that this an evenly distributed risk. Be it among agegroups, comorbidities or among the time axis since the start of the pandemic.

And to give some food for thought, people will reliably overcorrect to adapt for that distortion in their sense making process. Its how a justified loss in credibility looks like and influences peoples behavior.
If your MacBook Pro runs hot or shows a high % CPU, try charging on the right
Surveillance drones. If not in use in Ukraine already, they probably will be soon.
Anyone else think maybe AWS (S3) has made this optimization already? Or would it just be a whole team of kernel engineers optimizing it there?

The overhead on CPU cycles this would save cloud storage systems... Can someone help me quantify the potential savings?

Edit:

They specifically don't list their storage medium on their marketing:

https://aws.amazon.com/s3/storage-classes/
> curious about the history of the creation of central banks - do you have a source for this

Your canonical source is Lombard Street [1].

Central banking is a new concept. For most of human history, the game was zero sum. Fixed-supply money worked, which made the complexity of central banking superfluous. It's only in recent centuries that central banks made sense.

[1] https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4359
If you don't have reserves, borrowing from the Fed would be your very last resort. The first thing you would do is borrow short term from other banks to meet your reserve needs. This is what the Overnight Federal Funds rate represents -- the rate that banks use to lend to other banks short term.

AS a very last resort, you might borrow from the Fed, but banks will generally avoid this as much as possible -- The Fed often charges a higher than market rate to discourage banks from using the discount window too much. Furthermore, borrowing from the Fed's discount window comes with a lot of stigma, since it implies you are unable to get funding from the market.

The most recent Odd Lots podcast episode has a great primer on the Fed Discount Window

> I was assuming that without a central bank account, reserves are moot

There are tons of ways to get reserves without a central bank account -- issuing stock, selling CDs or Bonds, selling liquid assets, etc.

> This is because the central bank determines reserve requirements for the commercial banks, so a bank without a fed account is limited in how much money they can 'create.'

FWIW, in the US the reserve requirements are currently 0%. They're also 0 in a lot of other countries (e.g., Canada)
Yeah. What some people mean by “we don’t test in prod” is that we have very high confidence in all code before it goes to prod. And good for them! But what most people mean is “code goes from zero to affecting all users and developers have little or no access to data about how that’s going.” Bad. No matter how many unit tests you have.
No. Central banks are there so that the government can influence the economy (and get cheap loans).

Central banks weren't really invented to prevent catastrophes. They don't really help with that.

Banks (and especially their customers) are perfectly capable of regulating themselves.
SquashFS is read-only and requires elevated permissions to mount, but also presents as a true filesystem.
No. This is a microbenchmark. They are really great for writing blogposts that get a lot of attention and not much more.

In reality there are other operations you wanna do on your files. Concurrent access, updates, deletes are probably not as great. Backing up a database with terrabytes of binaries inside is also non-trivial. Backing up terrabytes of files is a lot simpler.
You might try dialing down the mock virtue signaling outrage by about a 1000%. Implying that it was somehow non-consensual is effectively to deny that she had any agency in the making of the decision, so if we really wanna play this game it almost sounds like you're diminishing her capacity as a freethinking individual.
How money is created depends on how you define 'money':

1) If money is (cash) + (accounts at the central bank), then only the central bank can create it.

2) If money is (cash held outside banks) + (accounts at private banks), then it's created when private banks make loans.

However I think the main point is that saying 'private banks create money' makes it sound like they're getting something for nothing, when in fact this isn't true. Because (2) doesn't include cash held by a bank as 'money' you can't say a bank is losing money when it loans out some cash. But it's still losing an asset worth the same amount.

Personally I think (2) is a silly definition for most discussions.

Bank robber: Give me the money!

Bank teller: We don't have any money, only cash. But it will become money if I give it to you.
Anecdotally, this reminds me of a terrible experience with some Dell hardware back around 2011. I volunteered to do an installation of some hardware in a POP cage at one of the London UK colos.

Hardware arrived a day or two late, got it unpacked and carted upstairs. Spent a few days installing it (had to build a deployment environment on my Mac in a VM because the servers had no CDROM drive, only NetBoot and USB; our centralised imaging system hadn't been built with "installs outside of core DC network" in mind).

Discovered that the machines had been ordered with iDRACs, not DRACs. Damn things did not work until the box was booted into Linux and a driver to interface/activate the board was loaded. This, of course, worked wonderfully when the kernel locked up with a panic.

The machines were being used to test custom kernel modifications. Panics and lockups were common. Every time it happened, the engineers in the US had to ask "smart hands" to go reset the machine in the cage.

Experiment was a success though. Turned into the foundation for how a very large edge network was built.
This seems like a good point: just building greenhouses, providing full control of water usage and easy mechanical access, delivers all the value without the inefficient trip through solar panels and LEDs.

On the other hand, wind power would not use up cropland, and the solar panels could be on non-crop land, or water. Stacked grow trays might be more efficient to operate on.

The new Frankenstein rice that does CD4 photosynthesis, and also makes carotenes, seems like a good choice to grow in them. Maybe it can be persuaded to make protein, in the bargain.
Fifthing. I use it and works just fine.
I had the opposite experience with a large UK corp when moving from self-hosted Gitlab to gitlab.com.

Runners were still self hosted, but if the thing controlling them is just giving 500s all day and you’ve no influence on fixing it, then your jobs aren’t being run and your developers are sitting somewhat idle.

Github Actions has been better, but not perfect… but you can still fully self-host this if you think it’s worth it !
My disagreements with a traffic light placement so far have not been based on a don't-tread-on-me sense of The Man treading on my free will.

For example, I strongly prefer a modern roundabout for many of the places where the US uses a stop sign or traffic light. But my argument is made on increased safety and improved traffic flow.

I once accidentally ran a red light because I got confused about which traffic light was for my lane.

My father once deliberately ran a red light. After waiting for 5 minutes in the middle of the night. Because the detector didn't sense his motorcycle. A cop ticketed him. My father went to court and the judge ruled that what my father did was reasonable.

So while I'm certain that someone, somewhere ran a red light because of moral outrage over repressive government, that's not main reason people run a red light.

Just like this linked-to article seems to describe that the drop in routine vaccinations does not seem primarily due to increased vaccine hesitance due to the covid pandemic, even though certainly that is a reason for a few people.
Yes, but ... what this shows is that testing for "memorization" isn't good enough. We all know people who have learned information and can give answers with confidence, even though they are just winging it, to put it politely. ChatGPT could be considered their equal on such tasks. So schools need to test that students are capable of working with the acquired information in a way that befits the level of the course, just like they need to find a way to lose their addication to the lazy "write an essay" assignment. If not, education will lose its status.
Hard to say. We're trying to compare the instantaneous flywheel power rate with the average annual household usage.

During peak times (when a flywheel would need to discharge), by definition households are using more than average. But it's also true that less than 100% of the electricity demand needs to be time-shifted.