skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The general rule in most places is that any circuits that aren't modified as part of the new work don't need to be brought up to modern code. The main service panel is the main thing that ends up needing to be upgraded incidentally, since all circuits depend on it, and that can easily be more expensive than the actual work being done. But that only needs to be done once, and many old houses will want it upgraded anyway to allow for more circuits to be added than the box was originally designed to accommodate.

However, I think the 10 years is a bit pessimistic. At least in the US, the code hasn't changed that much in the last 20-30 years, and many of the changes are at the periphery where they are easy to modify like GFCIs, and tamper resistant outlets, etc, so I wouldn't be afraid of making modifications to existing circuits for houses in that range. Older than that you start running into (AA-1350) aluminum wiring (35 years or older) or two-conductor wiring (65 years or older), and you'll want to take the policy of not touching those old circuits unless you plan on completely replacing them.
The USMC imposed order in Haiti in the 1920s. The rules of engagement were pretty damned loose.
I have taken several masters-level courses in Machine Learning -- and even with those credentials, I cannot recommend enough Andrej's youtube series, "Neural Networks: Zero to Hero". There, he teaches you, from scratch, how to build everything from the underlying automated gradient calculation system in pytorch, all the way up to the slower version of this model - `MinGPT`.

[1] https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLAqhIrjkxbuWI23v9cThs...

(edit: self-promo: I'm currently working on a Typescript follow-through of this same series of video lectures, if you want to follow along with stronger types for explanation: https://github.com/Marviel/lab-grad)
It's kind of a mysterious art, and I too mostly rely on scientific papers. It's a surprisingly small field and you need to get into the habit of chasing down citations in papers, because many important ideas got laid out long before the computer power existed to realize them at scale. Sometimes a 20-30 year old paper of only a few pages has the actual algorithm, and it's so well known in the field that it no longer stands out in more recent papers.

Here's a few useful references:

Good overview on big graphs: https://towardsdatascience.com/large-graph-visualization-too...

A gallery of large graphs - horrid user interface, but you can click through and find an absolute wealth of resources. Curated by Yifan Hu, who developed one of the popular layout algorithms: http://yifanhu.net/GALLERY/GRAPHS/

Graphviz is a very well-documented library with a lot of the 'classic' layouts.

Astronomy, physics, and bio people have a lot of useful visualization tools and techniques for huge datasets, but you will have to go looking for them - not because they don't like to share, but because they mostly write to each other so you won't just land on stuff by browsing Github. Absolute must-have literature review: https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.01866

A lot of large graph visualization techniques are about using simple graph visualization techniques but first combing out the hairballs through the application of dimensionality reduction, motif extraction, backbone identification and so on. This is an important paper whose techniques have yet to be fully explored: https://jgaa.info/accepted/2015/NocajOrtmannBrandes2015.19.2...

For a combination of theoretical and practical reasons, most visualization zeroes in on rendering smallish graphs in 2 dimensions. Large graphs are either so densely connected as to be be intractable (the brain being the ultimate hairball) or so sparse as be like digital planetariums - gorgeous, impressive, and looking much the same in every direction.

I could go on at length but as you can maybe guess I'm a consumer of other people's research rather than an expert in implementing the fundamentals. Also I don't have any academic background whatsoever so I apologize for the haphazard infodump. I've been studying/applying stuff from this field for ~15 years but it's too out there for most people. Feel free to email though.
Your startup probably has better things for engineers to do than the job Terraform does in determining what state changes to make.

I mean, the engineers could probably convert source into machine into machine instructions, too, but I bet your company would rather leave that to a compiler so that they could work on product.
For RAM, but I was asking about ROM. Since [type]ROM keeps its state for a long-term (looks like some manufactures claim 200 years shelf life under optimal conditions), I'd imagine it wouldn't use capacitors holding an electrical charge that require any form of refresh like RAM.
There’s a service called printme1 that’s great, I’ve used it many times.

Or, if you’re into arts and crafts, you can get good home binding machines that are not very expensive. It’s actually pretty fun IMHO to punch and bind the paper but YMMV. :)
These articles miss a big elephant in the room:

All of these tech companies are releasing legions of capable, experienced people into the market who will end up becoming their competitors. The layoffs are so large that entire networks of interconnected professionals are being released in one go. Many potential new start ups.

In a few years, many of these companies may wish that they had had cut back on other stuff (including the shareholder expectations) rather than releasing all of these people to become their competitors.
erf, that's what I mean by "download and install all patches," but I'll try to write that better if it's confusing.
You don't say where you are, but that certainly hasn't been my experience. Where I am, in Oregon, USA:

* I own a house that was built in the early 20th century. As was typical of the time, the house has a small number of fused circuits, which do not have a ground wire, and where the wire gauge is thinner than would be required for a modern circuit of the same capacity. Just the same, it's perfectly legal to:
* Add new outlets to existing circuits without changing the fuse to match the wire gauge of the circuit or adding a ground wire. It has to either be a NEMA 1-15R receptacle (no ground plug) or a GFCI receptacle with a label that says there's no equipment ground.
* Replace the fuse boxes with modern breaker boxes without re-wiring the house to have grounded outlets. The only limitation is that the new breakers would have to be smaller than the existing fuses so that the wire gauge meets current code for the breaker size.

* I have a 1998 house which has several pairs of circus on opposite phases which share a neutral wire. This is legal still, but requires that the circuits are connected to dual-throw breakers, so that it's not possible to have one circuit hot with the other dead. But this house doesn't use dual-throw breakers like it should. As far as I know, that wasn't even code when the house was built. But electricians can still add new circuits without fixing that.

* Some years ago I was remodeling a 1956 house. Initially, the inspector asserted that we would need to replace a staircase whose width and pitch did not meet current code. But he was mistaken. Even though we replaced the stair treads, because we didn't make any changes to the structure of the staircase, the head county building inspector agreed that we didn't need to bring it to current code.
That helps a tiny minority.

Most people in startups are massively hurt by compensation laws regard stock and the crazy price of housing. If you in SF it’s worse as the most anti-child city
Weather affects usable sunlight and weather patterns vary quite a bit as you across the US at a given latitude. See this map [1].

[1] https://unboundsolar.com/solar-information/sun-hours-us-map
This is an excellent video of exactly how RAM works. Now to find one for the various types of ROM!
I'd much prefer an explicit required amount of yearly PTO, plus the freedom for a manager to freely grant bonus PTO.
Weird, I've seen them all over, and not just in expensive areas.
Schema contracts are common and can be baked into build if not compile.
Great talk!

This slide shows some speedups when using the GraphBLAS [1] backend [2]:

https://i.postimg.cc/mr3mkKtx/100x-Faster-Network-X.png

[1] https://github.com/python-graphblas/python-graphblas

[2] https://github.com/python-graphblas/graphblas-algorithms
From my perspective: I can't tell if 5G matters or not, but I can say that the cell networks have definitely improved in quality over the last several years.

Whatever they are doing certainly doesn't seem to be making things worse.

I think "5G" is just a fancy wrapper for "we are going to upgrade our networks at a cost of billions of dollars - just like we always do - but we need to make it sound a bit shiner to the investors or they will balk". Combine with clever accounting on the earnings reports (i.e. attribute as much to "5G" as possible) and everyone is happily deceived.
I'd be cautious treating the WSJ editorial page as accurate news coverage.
Maybe cold brew? I felt it was less acidic and bitter when I used to make it. I have a Toddy and with that maker you end up with a concentrate that you dilute with either hot or cold water.
I thought he was referring to typical in-process encapsulation. If you do that well, you can run those separately “for free” optionally, but I think his definition of module is nothing unique.
When you expect trouble in 6 months, you prepare TODAY, not in 6 months.

The FED has spoken. The market has spoken. The inflation is high. It is a risky environment, layoffs are extremely reasonable after the hiring frenzy we experienced.
i didn’t say every company was. this is mostly true of the mega cap companies.

and it’s not misleading at all. Apple and Meta are both known to sell bonds aka taking on debt for the primary purpose of buying back their own stock. that doesn’t have anything to do with their multibillion pile of cash.
That's the thing though: the best choice for a ground wire is no color at all, just the raw copper wire.
If everything back to just before pandemic, Amazon has 160K of firing need to happen. Recent numbers are inadequate.
But of course now you run it on your own computer instead of in the DC, which changes the numbers. Especially if your student dorm has a shared electricity bill :)
The wall is not “massive,” probably slightly shorter than the house
But you'll still be paid for those days when you leave that job.
Nobody is talking about banning gas stoves for existing homes. There's lobbyists on both sides of this, and the oil industry is more powerful than the appliance industry.

The quote from the CPSC commisioner was "Products that can’t be made safe can be banned." which is making people go haywire. Natural gas stoves can be made safe, and that is by mandating ventilation (possibly automatic ventilation on ignition), and emissions standards.
I posted it in a reply to a different comment on the thread.
I've been using milk.

https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2qvim6
> Yeah, I'm saying Uber's problem was cultural and organizational, not technical.

That's the issue currently with microservice architecture zealots - microservices for the sake of microservices.
You may live in a place where the law doesn't require that. Or you may have found an electrician willing to turn a blind eye to that stuff. Or you might be about to get a far larger bill than expected when the electrician 'discovers' that midway through the job, and now isn't legally allowed to put it back as he found it.
If inflation really would continue at 80% for the year - and you can't pay back a ~10% loan - it means your business is going down by ~70% per year...

There's always risk - but I don't think it's as risky as you might think.

Even if times are bad because inflation is high and your business drops by ~50% - you'll still come out ahead.
I'm wondering what % of forms that ask for gender actually use that field in any way
And every time I see a video online of a dance floor or stadium collapsing or people getting electrocuted by accidentally touching ungrounded electrical devices I'm reminded why. That's not to say those things don't happen here, just at a lower frequency. Safety standards are written in blood after all.
these are distinctly Western USA authors.. one of the profound impacts of OSS is transfer to all intelligent users, regardless of geopolitical affiliation or human language group.

Is this report aligned with a US-West security point of view, where individuals will be denied access to central systems (Github,AWS) based on geopolitical affiliation? or ...

The declaration of "a database" smells fishy from this USA California desk. Climate has no partisan affiliation - keywords "existential threat"
Bottom line is that no system is perfect.

I feel less safe knowing there will be humans on the roads letting go of their steering wheels and handing over control to an imperfect system.

Some day I'm sure we'll have automated traffic, but the road there will be lined with bodies.
Since everyone suggests alternatives to Celery, may I plug my own healthier celery?

https://github.com/NicolasLM/spinach
Categorizing Buddhism as achieving happiness doesn't seem accurate to me at all. Enlightenment is in some ways similar to happiness but they are distinct things and getting too attached to happiness wouldn't help you get enlightened. For instance Buddhism traditionally teaches that reincarnating as a god after accumulating good karma is an overall negative thing since the happiness of being in heaven will keep you from pursuing Buddhism and ultimately be transitory.
Notes vs 3d printers.

1. This guide is about making the mold-of-the-mold, the mold, and finally the final product. Its at least 3 steps before you get the final piece of plastic, rather than a single step process like 3d printing.

2. I hear that expensive software can help automate this process ("Design Product" -> "Auto build mold" -> "Auto build mold-of-mold"), but software is surprisingly expensive for hobbyists. Expect to be manually designing these molds and mold-of-molds unless you're willing to pay for some rather expensive software. That being said: "Rectangle -> Difference (product-shape)" is a good start.

3. The chief advantage of resin casting is the huge variety of paints and resins available. If you want a flexible material, get ShoreA 40 Urethanes. If you want a silvery material, buy silver pigments. If you want Red, you can buy red pigment. Compared to 3d printing, you have far more material selection (ShoreA soft materials, from grades 20 to 80, ShoreD harder materials from grades 20 to 80, etc. etc.).

4. There's also a "mass production" advantage. You can build multiple molds and "parallelize" the resin casting relatively cheaply. Once you have the "mold-of-the-mold", building 5 molds, and then using those 5x molds 10x each will be faster than waiting 50x iterations of your 3D Printer. Assuming your object is small enough to fit multiple molds inside your pressure chamber, of course.

5. If you are aiming at extruded ABS (aka: professional legos plastic), the mold-of-the-mold methodology is very similar (though made out of Aluminum and/or Steel, rather than Silicone like in this guide). There's still subtle differences between Aluminum molds vs Silicone Molds, but the similarities mean that you have a better idea of the final-final product with a silicone mold prototype.

6. EDIT: 3D printing is also compatible. If you wanted to make the molds or mold-of-molds out of 3d printers, you probably can do that. Its all just "shapes" after all. However, CNC Mills have far better accuracy than 3d Printers, so CNC Mills are just a better tool for this methodology. But if you don't wanna buy a CNC Mill to go through this process, feel free to play with the techniques listed here with a 3D Printer instead.

--------

The biggest issue with #5 are the "shapes" that molds can make. Its much more restrictive than the "shapes" a 3d printer can make. If you design your shape to be 3d printed, it might be impossible to make a mold out of it that builds that shape.

In contrast, if you actually go through the mold-of-a-mold / mold process as listed here, you innately are thinking about the final Aluminum/Steel die that Injection Molders will do. You have much lower chance of erroneously building a product that's impossible to die cast.

IIRC, the main mistake is that silicone molds are flexible. If a corner gets stuck or something, you can just yank it harder and the plastic will come out. Aluminum/steel dies are very rigid. You can't just do that. So if you're "aiming to prototype an ABS Injection Mold / Steel die", you wanna design your mold to "cleanly lift" off a piece without anything getting stuck.
Not sure, but I would be surprised if that were not the case.
The Federal Aviation Administration, USA temporarily grounded U.S. flights due to a computer outage
Uranium you say. Get it tomorrow by 11AM with Amazon Prime [1]

[1] https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000796XXM/
The short answer is yes.

The long answer is if two entities are updating each other you might benefit from shifting all update responsibilities to one of them. Or even to a third entity that knows about both and keeps those two isolated from each other.
"What on earth for?"

rimshot
My mom doesn’t live with me (the bulb inside the fridge is LED anyway), I don’t have a baby (babies don’t carry metal forks), and I live on the second floor (but the power would be out long before the first floor floods).

I don’t want whole house GFCI.
As you are paying for the resources you use that's fine.

The closest would be if you used some form of software bug to actually cause physical damage, certainly not impossible, but extremely unlikely compared with actually physically damaging a car.
638c7215
Daniele here from Cloudthread. Doing cost attribution by account is a great way to segment costs in AWS. If it currently solves all your cost allocation needs, then you can possibly get away without using tagging. At scale many organizations need to either:

1) attribute costs within an account

2) create cost segments across accounts.

That’s when tagging becomes essential.
Doesn't huggingface have dozens of freely available pretrained models like this (including various sized implementations of GPT2) and isn't the source available on most if you wanted to train them yourself?

All I see in the comments is praise for the author as a person, so just wondering what's unique about this that's not available elsewhere? 730 upvotes and counting, assuming I'm missing something...
Tech still hasn't had its own version of the "Industrial Revolution", I don't think its a factor this time but it will come. As tech becomes a more and more off the shelf commodity the amount of engineers required to build will reduce and the skills required to be a maintain and integrate will reduce, become lower paid and will require less people to maintain. There is a difficult road ahead and its not as far away as we'd like to believe.
For any design decision, there is always a cost/benefit tradeoff.

In this case, I think the design team might be underestimating the cost of those idiosyncrasies, simply because they've been working with them for so long.

It is hard to keep a fresh eye on a product of any kind when you've spent years looking at it, designer blindness is not something that should be ignored.
Some of these are pretty funny, but is there really a "right" way to prompt someone for their gender? Maybe a selector for "male", "female", or "other" along with a textbox for clarification that is only available if you select "other"? Or maybe we should all start using the sliders from the Saints Row games.
I wish those mains-powered ones would just shriek continually if the battery was low AND mains power failed; then you could kill the breaker and find it easily.
A friend of mine has 400A of service in the UK in the countryside as it's an old farmhouse and is pretty large even by USA standards.
There are very few houses that have a heating system that works without electric. There are blowers/fans that turn on when when the furnace turns on. Most of the time the thermostat itself needs mains power to function (the thermostat gets power from the furnace, but ultimate it comes from the mains feed). It isn't even possible to have a modern 90+ efficiency furnace without mains as the exhaust is not hot enough to let convection take care of the exhaust.

A gas furnace doesn't need much power though. A heat pump needs a lot of power, and resistance heating is worse.
C-entral P-anel (for) S-hitting C-itizens? ;->
Don’t even get me started on AFCIs. At least the behavior of GFCIs is well-defined.

The AFCI thing is a money grab.
Or even something as simple as studs that come pre-drilled at outlet and switch height (they already come pre-cut to slightly less than 8 feet to be the right height when installed between top and bottom plates).
Thin-Film-Transistor (TFT) LCD Display Control Electronics Design and Operation [pdf]
> maintainability

Sir this is HN, half of the people here will quit their team well before maintainability is even uttered.
> This allowed the creation of AC induction motors, which offer less friction and are thus more efficient than traditional DC motors.

AC induction motors were not created for the modern electric car. The squirrel cage induction motor is the standard motor design used in most every AC motor.

It's not that DC motors have more friction, the issue is electrical losses and maintenance of the commutator. The commutator both transmits current to the armature (spinning part) and acts as a mechanical switch to continually energize the next set of coils maintaining a magnetic chasing effect which causes the armature to spin.

The brushes are made from carbon or graphite and stay in contact with the spinning commutator via a spring so they both wear out and wear down the commutator bars and the springs can wear too. Any dirt or contamination on the commutator will cause arcing which can cause rapid destruction of the commutator. Worn brushes and/or bad springs cause poor contact leading to destructive arcing. Worn brushes and commutators create dust that can cause other problems. They are very maintenance intensive.

Since the the commutator uses carbon or graphite brushes to transmit current to the commutator bars there is a voltage drop through the brush as carbon and graphite aren't great conductors but have awesome lubricity when paired with metals. This voltage drop can be as high as 2 volts and that power is lost as heat. Heat generated by brushes places an upper limit on how large commutated machinery can grow as the power lost through the commutator will grow beyond what can be dissipated by normal air cooled convection. This limit is something like 2-3 megawatts.

An AC induction or permanent magnet induction (dc brush-less) motors have no need to transmit current to the armature so they avoid all these pitfalls.
Let know when GFCIs and AFCIs are robust enough against spurious tripping and I will readily install them everywhere.

GFCIs are notorious for tripping on certain appliances like refrigerators and freezers, and can trip due to RFI from other devices in the house.

AFCIs do not like anything with a brushed motor, especially power tools and sufficiently large vacuums.

I have personally experienced all of these just in the last couple years.
Thats interesting, if I was using TypeScript to access the data, how would I keep the schemas in sync between TS and python?
> Also impossible to outsource overseas.

I wonder how long before robotic telepresence makes these also outsource-able.