skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
For years I've struggled to come up with a "theory of the firm" that's intellectually satisfying but not cynical. Why do we have management? I've only been able to come up with a couple of hypotheses:

1. Principal-agent problem. Who do the employees work for? Self interest. The customers? Self interest. Suppliers? Self interest. The company has to figure out how to reconcile the self interest of individual participants with the interest of the company. If you let everybody do whatever they want with no repercussions, they will (figuratively speaking) walk away with anything that isn't nailed down. So far the only way we know how to prevent this is to assign humans to guard the interest of the business.

2. Failure mode. John Gall claimed that all sufficiently complex systems operate in failure mode 100% of the time. What he meant was that some or all of the controls have been bypassed, and the system is being operated manually. Humans are (at least for now) uniquely capable of functioning in systems that are in failure mode, e.g., by breaking the rules when necessary. This is why I doubt that management can be automated.

Now, while managers are doing both of those things, perhaps even just instinctively, they can be doing good and productive things. I'm actually quite happy with my own boss.
parkinson's law.

no, really, this is fully laid out in his essays from the 1950s.

If you have not read them, you should. They are easy and insightful.
I suppose that in practice you'd need to consider burst bandwidth and not just 95/99 percentiles.
Nothing about this is progressive, in fact it is quite statist.
A Twitter clone could probably run in a teenagers closet, but not after it has been iterated by 10000 monkeys.
If Copilot was released as FOSS with trained model weights, I don't think the Free Software movement would have "shot first" in the resulting copyright fight.

It is specifically the idea of using copyright to eat itself that is harmed by AI training. In the world where we currently live in, only source code can be trained on. If I want to train an AI on, say, the NT kernel; I have to decompile it first, and even then it's not going to be good training data because there's no comments or variable names to guide the AI. The whole point of the GPL was to force other companies to not lock down programs and withhold source code, after all.

Keep in mind too that AI is basically proprietary software's final form. Not even the creator of an AI program has anything that resembles "source code"; and a good chunk of AI safety research boils down to "here's a program you can't comprehend except through gradient descent, how do we design it to have an incentive to not do bad things".

If you like copyright licensing and just view the GPL as an exception sales vehicle, then AI is less of a threat, because it's just another thing to sell licenses for.
thank you for the link, I was too lazy to do the work myself
Short sellers netted $300B in 2022
> Though I do agree that if school districts actually cared enough today they should start by banning social media use on school premises and more aggressively monitor phone usage during class.

AFAIK they do, but it is extremely challenging for teachers. Phone use can be very discrete, "aggressively monitoring phone usage" just isn't practical. And when teachers do confiscate phones the backlash against them is frequently strong and fierce. They face hyperbolic rhetoric about such confiscations being dangerous because "what if somebody needs to call 911!?" Even when administrators don't fold to the pressure, the teachers still need to put up with deranged rants and accusations from the parents. It's much easier for teachers if they pretend they didn't see the phone.

And schools can hardly screen every kid entering the school for a phone, every day. It would be invasive, slow, and expensive. Imagine having to go to school an hour early every day because you need to stand in line for TSA before entering the building. Not practical. We can't even keep cellphones out of prisons where invasive cavity searches are permitted. Jamming cell signals on school grounds is out of the question, it isn't legal. So given all these problems, why not sue tech companies for making these systems and services available on school grounds during school hours? I think it probably won't work, but it's worth a shot.
They sorta handle this in the end, which I thought was thoughtful, since it does contradict their original point a bit.

> However, if you consider that the environment the program works in can change (library or OS upgrades for example), then you could compare this to handling wear and tear.

> There are systems that are maintained only in this sense: fixing bugs, and making sure that it can keep running. But I would argue that this is a very small part of all software development work being done. Furthermore, when it comes to fixing bugs, there can be ambiguity. Is this really a bug, or is it in fact a request for new functionality? And why fix the bug at all, if it has worked up until now, and the only objective is to keep the system running. So, in some sense, this form of maintenance is also just ordinary software development.

I’m not sure what to think about this in particular. A program runs on a computer, which has an OS, and over time those OS’s are updated. Is “make sure it runs on RHEL 9, when it already ran on RHEL 8” a development or maintenance task? I would characterize maintenance as dealing with the inevitable decay of things over time. Technically the computer+RHEL 8+program system should still work but of course you probably want to benefit from the new development work put into RHEL 9. And if you let your OS become too old, it becomes unsupported and insecure…
It seems inevitable we will have to adapt to the new normal expected dopamine frequency
Being a user of i3-gaps for a couple of years. Just want to say thank you for all the work!
Thanks for sharing. Do you know of any auth providers that charge based on auth event (login / logout / password change / etc) rather than per user?
Ask HN: What is some good Arabic content on the internet?
I am a Syrian but my entire internet life lies in the English internet. Recently I am interested in exploring the Arabic internet and I am curious what content do you recommend. Any content type/field is welcome!
Exactly. A student will sit there, arms crossed, internally opposing everything the administrator is saying because they've convinced themselves already its bullshit. They already think they will just find work as an influencer:

https://thehill.com/changing-america/enrichment/arts-culture...
Making things safe by default requires throwing away backwards compatibility. The C++ standards committee is (reasonably!) not interested in throwing away backwards compatibility.
In a sense, I thought it was more human-in-the-loop rather than an explicit RL objective (i.e. potentially somewhat limited reward surface, even if there's a reward model trained from it)
I wonder though.. could you emulate a 20k-core VM with 100 terabytes of RAM on a DC?

Ethernet is fast, you might be able to get in range of DRAM access with an RDMA setup. cache coherency would require some kind of crazy locking, but maybe you could do it with FPGAs attached to the RDMA controllers that implement something like Raft?

it'd be kind of pointless and crash the second any machine in the cluster dies, but kind of a cool idea.

it'd be fun to see what Task Manager would make of it if you could get it to last long enough to boot Windows.
That's really cool. Good work!
Google also has another strategy: push and promote non-standards as if they were standards by publishing their specs in the form of a non-binding document on w3c.

Example:

- Already shipped in Chrome and advertised https://web.dev/webtransport/

- Status: Working Draft https://www.w3.org/TR/webtransport/ which means it not even close to being a standard (see why here: https://www.w3.org/2021/Process-20211102/#w3c-recommendation...)
I have had terrible handwriting all my life. Could it be because I have been holding it wrong all this time?

I hold by the tip of my index finger, middle finger, and thumb.
I wonder why so many HNers think that only software people that work or think about work after 5:00? Many doctors, lawyers, teachers, etc do the same. There are many car mechanics that get off work only to work on their cars or other peoples cars talk a lot about what happened at the dealership or whatever. It’s really not that strange.
Better labor protection laws could have prevented this. I wonder if it's possible to still sue the university for firing them because of their speech.
> Cameras don’t know what time of day it is

On the other hand the iphone knows what time it is, your location, the location of the moon, the weather - it could probably guess if you're outside or inside - so it seems like a bit of a waste it can't do a better job at anticipating the scene...
"The effects of [X] are too subtle and too powerful to leave it to individuals to make their own choices about a healthy level of [X]. Moreover, most people already agree that [X] are not really healthy."

I wholeheartedly disagree with the type of argument you are making.
“The bureaucracy is expanding to meet the needs of the expanding bureaucracy.”

-Oscar Wilde
A feature to get rid of features. No one who knows me is surprised my car has that.
> I didn't say anything about insurance, nor have I said that injections are "so objectionable" to me.

You said you don't want to 'subject' yourself to the injections, and I brought up the insurance comparison.

I think you may have an issue with abstract thinking. It is something you might want to look into improving. It seems that when you don't understand something, instead of asking for clarification, you get defensive and become kind of unreasonably difficult. You will probably end up happier if you don't come across as a jerk when the reality is that you just need help parsing what other people are saying because you have trouble thinking conceptually.

* http://www.projectlearnet.org/tutorials/concrete_vs_abstract...
> Use HTTPS and watch it fall down to only 400 req / sec under load test [ without connection: keep-alive ].

I'm running about 2000 requests/s in one of my real-world production systems. All of the requests are without keep-alive and use TLS. They use about one core for TLS and HTTP processing.
Perpetual Motion Machine (2018)
And for the most part, this herculean effort is wasted. Most people just want to see latest tweets from people they follow. Everything else is fluff to manipulate engagement metrics, pad resumes and attempt to turn twitter into something it's users never wanted.
What big-endian hardware worth mentioning exists now, if we exclude historical hardware which we maybe want to keep up, but which is not produced any more?

Asking unironically.
I agree with your sentiment but argue that rather than harming productivity, bureaucracy harms autonomy. This can cut both ways. On one hand, having a clear cut process is often a boon.
There's a couple of massive intuition leaps here (around tokens and the ease of which predicting one modality extends to another), but if you're interested in diving into the field at the place where they're asking questions like this, you could start by looking at the transition from BPE to the tokenizer we have today for the tokenization front, and PercieverIO for the multimodal generalization front.
I find that using gaps (not big ones, 5-10 pixels at most) helps me differentiate between similar windows (like terminals) much easier. And, also, I just looks more elegant imho.
No they're not. But he obviously isn't interested in a discussion. I have no time or stomach to coddle such small minds. So they reply was intentionally terse.
https://huggingface.co/codewithdolly/app.py/discussions/3
https://huggingface.co/codewithdolly/app.py/discussions/3
https://huggingface.co/codewithdolly/app.py/discussions/3
Thanks; I guess a had a few idle moments.
As someone focused on productivity, gaps help me make sense the current state of the desktop, by separating better the contents of multiple windows in the same workspace.

For single window workspaces you just don't apply the gap (smart gaps).
I asked ChatGPT to emulate various OS's, including Linux and DOS. On a linux emulation, I had it curl whatsmyip.com. This bit was in the response:

<span id="ipv4">35.230.98.61</span>

That's a google property. I wonder if it was trained on google's cloud.
And also the often forgotten Camellia oil that would play in the same top quality league as the olive oil. Extracted from the tea plant and mostly unknown out of Asian kitchens, probably.
Will generative AIs curate our history?
He who has the gold makes the rules!
I wonder how much of that is crypto spam bots replying to each other.
I think you are confusing “being aware of economics” with being driven by self-interest.

As I understand it, most B&Bs are not campaigning for more housebuilding because it benefits them personally, but because they believe it is right. That is compatible with them having a good understanding of the economics. Note that understanding trade-offs and relative costs is not the same as being affected by trade-offs and relative costs.
Unless people are forced against their will to attend school, and this institution specifically, and this course or class specifically, with no option to not attend school, to not attend this institution, to not take this course or class - isn't showing islamic art history in an islamic art history class precisely what all those present have chosen to pay to receive?
Thanks for the call out
I was referring to the comment in the Rust code, not the analysis.
What is „progressive“ about firing someone over potential feelings of people believing in some medieval fairytales?
> (a < b < c)

On the other hand the intention (assuming numerical types) is clear, if people keep doing this, what machine code is emitted by common compilers for the "best" way to express this? And how about for the idiomatic way to express it? Perhaps the insight, if it's common, is that we should provide a nice way to do this which emits efficient machine code.

Rust says "chained comparison" is forbidden, so it knows what we're going for here, and indeed it suggests you might want (a < b) && (b < c) which is how I'd write this, but of course the opposite could be faster, as perhaps could ((a+1)..c).contains(&b) and either may make more sense in context of the usage.
QEMU?
A very complex set of multiply redundant systems routes calls on local, national and international levels.

The particular details of such systems are not for public consumption. This is not weird; telephone techs just go to work like everyone else, and don't like bomb threats.
Business owners usually don’t run companies. They hire “professionals” to do that. And those “professionals” usually care more about their personal gains and personal grandiose feelings than maximising profits long term.
I do think there are many benefits to using text, and often plain ASCII (without formatting) is suitable, too. It is not always better, but very often it is. I still use Usenet and NNTP and IRC, and many documents I write as written as plain text documents. It is true, text is usually much more efficient than other formats. The files can be smaller and take less time to transfer, too. Also unlike videos you can easily read it whatever speed and direction you want to do. Printed copies of documents also is useful and I usually make handwritten notes. I will usually prefer to have a transcript rather than a audio file, too. Searching can work better with text than using audio/video, and so can making logs of changes. In computer files, the end user can change the fonts if desired. Like mentioned in the linked article, you can have annotations, etc. Some computer games are text-adventure games without graphics, or with optional graphics. Yes, I really think that text is usually much better than others.
I hope you flagged the comment it's child to, as that parent wasn't discussion-minded either.

p.s. small-mminded is a state of mind. It's not "name calling."
Color correction (aka white balance) has been one of my biggest struggles in photography and I've seen automatic white balance (AWB) improve very little even in high end SLR and mirrorless cameras over the last 8 years.

Some interchangeable lens cameras (ILC) like the Sony Alpha 7S III have separate "visible light sensor" which I've heard is used to augment AWB but it's a relative rare feature; if the ILC companies made it common by now I suspect the reason might be that you just can't compete with an incident reading or that it isn't much better than just reading from the main sensor.
The "augmented" label confused me a lot too. I saw Steve Thomas's presentation in person at DEF CON and could not find material online using that phrase outside of his materials.
Could be for any reason in my mind, but whatever's lower risk seems sensible.
> I'm curious if they were themselves Muslim, or if it was out of misguided progressiveness

You can satisfy your curiosity by reading the article.

> However, one student in class that day—the president of Hamline's Muslim Student Association—took offense, complaining first to the professor, and then to school administrators.
Yeah that’s not what I mean. I mean make it a policy to not allow people to have their phones out in class. You can also block certain sites on school WiFi networks. I’m sure some schools already have something like this already. I don’t mean implement body searches.
Mandate plasma gasification instead of plastics recycling. The result is a syngas that can be burned for energy and an inert slag you can dispose of in asphalt.

Edit: MorrisMinor suggests this further down: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34293509
Sure, but many politically active left wingers are relatively rich and would not themselves benefit materially from left-wing policies.
Type-Safe React Query
Why are you melding agency theory with pop science systems theory to replace sound economics (transaction cost theory of the firm)? I think you'd like to read Coase (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nature_of_the_Firm)
1 is not a particularly good explanation in my mind for two reasons:

(a) people are great at working not in their own interest, together, on something greater than themselves. In fact, I've observed a negative correlation between this and management, in that the spirit of being "in it together for the greater good" seems to be weakened in organisations with more management.

(b) if people inherently only work out of self interest, then so would managers and the whole thing would break down anyway.
> It seems completely wrong to me that every app should have a legal obligation to track the location of children to find out if they are at school.

Start with the big social media apps, then work from there if the general problem persists (I think it won't.)
There used to be a cool program called RapidQ that had a GUI designer and syntax similar to VB. I think you could even create 3D graphics with it, if I recall correctly.
> which is how many hard drives you can plug in to a non-mainframe machine for historical image storage.

You would be surprised. First off, SSDs are denser than hard drives now if you're willing to spend $$$.

Second, "plug in" doesn't necessarily mean "in the chassis". You can expand storage with external disk arrays in all sorts of ways. Everything from external PCI-e cages to SAS disk arrays, fibre channel, NVMe-over-Ethernet, etc...

It's fairly easy to get several petabytes of fast storage directly managed by one box. The only limit is the total usable PCIe bandwidth of the CPUs, which for a current-gen EPYC 9004 series processors in a dual-socket configuration is something crazy like 512 GB/s. This vastly exceeds typical NIC speeds. You'd have to balance available bandwidth between multiple 400 Gbps NICs and disks to be able to saturate the system.

People really overestimate the data volume put out by a service like Twitter while simultaneously underestimating the bandwidth capability of a single server.
You missed the part where he went to launder at least some of his I’ll gotten gains when he got out
TLS handling would dominate your performance, kernel bypassing would not help here unless you would also do TLS NIC offloading, you still need to process new TLS sessions from OP example and they would dominate your http processing time (excluding application business logic processing).
"Through intense digging I found a researcher who left a notebook public including tweet counts from many years of Twitter’s 10% sampled “Decahose” API and discovered the surprising fact that tweet rate today is around the same as or lower than 2013! Tweet rate peaked in 2014 and then declined before reaching new peaks in the pandemic. Elon recently tweeted the same 500M/day number which matches the Decahose notebook and 2013 blog post, so this seems to be true! Twitter’s active users grew the whole time so I think this reflects a shift from a “posting about your life to your friends” platform to an algorithmic content-consumption platform."

I know it's not the core premise of the article, but this is very interesting.

I believe that 90% of tweets per day are retweets, which supports the author's conclusion that Twitter is largely about reading and amplifying others.

That would leave 50 million "original" tweets per day, which you should probably separate as main tweets and reply tweets. Then there's bots and hardcore tweeters tweeting many times per day, and you'll end up with a very sobering number of actual unique tweeters writing original tweets.

I'd say that number would be somewhere in the single digit millions of people. Most of these tweets get zero engagement. It's easy to verify this yourself. Just open up a bunch of rando profiles in a thread and you'll notice a pattern. A symmetrical amount of followers and following typically in the range of 20-200. Individual tweets get no likes, no retweets, no replies, nothing. Literally tweeting into the void.

If you'd take away the zero engagement tweets, you'll arrive at what Twitter really is. A cultural network. Not a social network. Not a network of participation. A network of cultural influencers consisting of journalists, politicians, celebrities, companies and a few witty ones that got lucky. That's all it is: some tens of thousands of people tweeting and the rest leeching and responding to it.

You could argue that is true for every social network, but I just think it's nowhere this extreme. Twitter is also the only "social" network that failed to (exponentially) grow in a period that you might as well consider the golden age of social networks. A spectacular failure.

Musk bought garbage for top dollar. The interesting dynamic is that many Twitter top dogs have an inflated status that cannot be replicated elsewhere. They're kind of stuck. They achieved their status with hot take dunks on others, but that tactic doesn't really work on any other social network.
I don't know, but the post-it note in my left desktop drawer hasn't been hacked remotely yet.

Of course it is very vulnerable to evil maids' attacks.
You can shoot raw on iPhone, I think resulting file is .dng but I never really look at them, they just go into Lightroom.
Waypipe is a thing.
Social media usage in Kansas, 2022
Sure, that's a useful heuristic, but I'd say it works because we deal with other humans. It's safe to assume that, being members of our own species, they are likely to have an inner experience and consciousness too. How do you apply that to an entity that is completely different—chemically, mechanically, etc.—to you and any other conscious being you've ever met?