skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> The crude incidence of stroke was higher among individuals who had ever received an influenza vaccination (1·25%) compared with those who had not (0·52%; table). However, this crude observation was confounded. Adjusted for age, sex, comorbid illness, and socioeconomic status, recent vaccination (within 182 days) was associated with a reduced hazard of stroke (hazard ratio [HR] 0·775 [95% CI 0·757–0·793]).

I doubt that the result of this paper is valid.

The crude results have more strokes for people who vaccinated, but they used statistics to demonstrate that vaccination helps. Well there are a lot of choices to make when correcting for factors, and it’s quite hard to evaluate truth that way.

The thing which sticks out particularly is correcting for cormorbid conditions. If you do that, you could very well just be pushing out sick people. Two kinds of people will vaccinate more: people who are sick and get encouraged by doctors they see more often, and people who pay more attention to their health. If you “correct for” people with comorbid conditions you might have a larger influence of healthy people who pay attention to their health.

In other words, it is plausible that the actual results of the study are “being the sort of person who vaccinates is associated with lower incidence of stroke” not because the vaccine has any effect but because general things people who try to take care of their health do tend to prevent a few strokes (like going to a doctor who notices high blood pressure and getting treatment)
I used the optimal stopping guidelines to help people I mentor stop applying for jobs and change their resumes/approach. It worked pretty well for them.
Nuclear appears to be the only realistic contender. But the mission architecture of Artemis goes around the problem by having only short stays on the lunar surface.

Even with nuclear, it can be far safer: small reactors need less containment. There is no risk of fallout without an atmosphere, and no ground water to contaminate.

Still, relying too much on it and failing (melting down) will put in danger the whole human space program. For low-power unmanned applications the RTG remains unbeatable.
They said a C-free build. For that you'd need to "just" rewrite the core kernel, which will be 150-200k lines, and the drivers + arch specific parts for one system. Still a tall order, but a decade isn't unrealistic if Rust proves itself.

Now, rewriting everything, including all the legacy drivers? Yeah, never happening even if Rust succeeds utterly.
Whether facts exist in the natural world or some other realm e.g. a made-up email server, the æther, the spheres, etc. shouldn't matter. It's likely just easier to prove some to be false outright, based on the claimed storage medium and access method (e.g. a fact stored in the all-knowing mind of God, accessed through LSD-induced hallucinations).
Ask HN: What Do You Regret?
Another year is coming to an end.

While it‘s generally wise to focus on the things one can change, I‘m curious what things in your life you regret.

I don't mean things that you would regret theoretically if you thought about them. I mean things that you actually find yourself regretting every now and then in spite of yourself. Things that your mind gravitates back to in moments of serenity that give you a sense of regret or sadness about something you did or didn't do, even though it was years or decades ago.
Is there any other systems language that's even moving towards a mature ecosystem with a compiler like CompCert? It feels like this is still decades away for any realistic competitor to C.
>How so? The size of the silicon atom is 0.2nm,

Because the current "5nm" tech doesn't even have any feature size that is a single digit nm. The number 200x is just some napkin maths. Based on a 40nm feature size and 0.2nm atom. So take it with some pinch of salt.

And before we even hit that, quantum tunnelling effect will happen sooner or later.

>Though if NVIDIA has any say in the matter, they'll surely continue to price gouge consumers, as they've done this generation.

It depends on how you view it. This is the first time Nvidia has introduce a GPU running on leading edge node. People often like to compare it to previous x090 pricing. But Nvidia has always used a mature node, and they are far cheaper both in design and wafer price. So getting a 4090, using 4nm, isn't really price gouge consumers as most mainstream comments and media likes to think it is.
Most sane Borland customers were using C++ alongside Object Windows Library, not raw C alongside Win16.

Even Petzold embraced C++, even if superficially,

"This third edition has several changes. First, all programs are now compilable with either the Microsoft or the Borland compiler. All make files are generic and use environment variables for compiler flags, link libraries, and so forth. Second, all programs are now compilable in C++ mode. Although I don’t use any C++ specific features, compiling first in C++ mode is helpful if C++ features are to be added later to the code"

-- https://archive.org/details/programming-windows-31-3rd-ed/pa...
Normally if I have a point to make I can find someone who’s made it before and post it.

However, one thing I remembered from the Gerald K. O’Neil book 2086, was the fact that with lots of energy generation on Earth there’s lot of heat being produced, more than the Earth can radiate away into space.

This isn’t so much down to CO2, which does play a part, but due to heating in addition to that of the Sun, which would also need to be radiated away too.

My point being this is something I don’t think people have addressed with regards to nuclear fusion, still decades away, but now closer.

Surely the heat would be negligible compared to the Sun, quite possibly but at some point it will add to the warming.

GK O’Neil did point out that space habitats would enable space industry to be moved off of the Earth, which is in order of magnitude bigger problem.

Maybe it isn’t such an issue, I’ve not heard anyone else other than GK O’Neil discuss this. I guess I could run the numbers myself too.
Used to have a chronically stuffy nose at night, maybe due to allergies. Probably thats when the bad habit started.

I guess a chin strap would work aswell.
This reminds me a lot of R's dplyr which is by far my favorite data manipulation suite. I have never enjoyed pandas even though I use it every day. This project is one of the few SQL offshoots that I actually hope succeeds. Well done and may you find your way to the hall of the data kings next to dplyr and ggplot.
I like Tarot cards. IMO If you're going to cards to get a Truth, you're going about it the wrong way. What they do do very well is give you another way of looking at the situation you're asking about, maybe things to consider that you hadn't before.

Like the question "how will my year unfold" isn't right, it's more like "what should I keep in mind this year?"

They're also good as a creative game, in the vein of Burroughs' cut-up method, which David Bowie used and said about it "What I’ve used it for, more than anything else, is igniting anything that might be in my imagination. It can often come up with very interesting attitudes to look into." You can use Tarot cards the same way.
historically, i.e. speaking philosophically, only things known a priori can be considered facts. if the knowledge is arrived at by experiment, we have to defer to the quality of our senses (or the senses of our measuring instruments). not feeling the heat (or our measuring instruments not picking them up) doesn't mean heat is produced by certain activities. seen this way, what you'd call facts after rigorous experiments is essentially the perspective of the observer and the quality of our measuring tools at this point in time. as both improve, new facts will be observed. then what happens to the old fact? no longer facts? if so, why were they called facts to begin with? the word fact derives from the latin factum. immutability is conferred since factum implies that the event has been sealed by time. if it's bound to change, let's call it something else, shall we?
Yes, I also use very little water! Only the rinsing part at the end, which maybe takes 2 to 3 minutes on low (much of the water is reused).
This would be a better dunk if hypertension wasn't the dominant risk factor in all strokes, but it is, so you haven't actually made a point here.
Accepting a large donation but then not having any free time to work on the project (eg. Due to family or other commitments) feels very dishonest.

So I only accept substantial donations if I'm very sure I'm going to be able to do a substantial amount of work on the project going forward.
thanks for context
This is not what my actual system is but its the best one i've heard of, its very much a super lazy, throw money at the problem kind of solution.

Have 2 dishwashers. Make sure all the dishes and cutlery you own fits in them. Fill one dishwasher with the dirty dishes, turn it on and onces its done, just leave the clean dishes in there, thats where they live now, thats the storage solution for them. As you use the clean dishes, load them into the other dishwasher until done, repeat the cycle.

This does scream like a solution from a single guy with too much money, but honestly, i'd do it if my kitchen wasn't tiny.
Yes, this is quite a big deal additional studies to check various aspects would be warranted to confirm this.
Payload to low earth orbit might be 100+ tons each. But payload to lunar surface is a small fraction of that. We could assume 10 tons. So 210 starship flights.

One can see pretty quickly that any larger constructions far from earth would really benefit from maximum use of local materials.
“Without adjustment for other covariates, influenza vaccination was not protective in patients either with or without hypertension. After adjusting for comorbidities, vaccination was strongly associated with a reduced risk of stroke in patients with hypertension; however, there was a non-intuitive interaction, contrasting with previous studies, such that vaccination in patients without hypertension was associated with a marginally higher risk of stroke compared with no vaccination. We observed that the non-hypertensive vaccinated population was much more likely to be female, and that the young average age of the non-hypertensive never-vaccinated stratum was associated with a small number of outcomes. A possible explanation for this finding is that the increase in stroke risk in vaccinated non-hypertensive individuals might represent vaccine-seeking behaviour due to other non-vascular risk factors for poor health outcomes, such as a history of cancer or autoimmune disease, conditions for which we could not adjust. In this situation, vaccination is acting as a latent variable, identifying these individuals at risk of stroke rather than being causative in increasing the risk of stroke. Another possibility is the misclassification of hypertension status by way of undiagnosed hypertension. We also do not have blood pressure measurement or medication data and therefore cannot classify the severity of hypertension or compliance with hypertension treatment, which might influence our findings. Alternatively, this finding might simply be due to chance.”

Note that if you separate a population by enough factors, at least one will show an effect different from the aggregate, by pure probability.
owning things. At some point the things start to own you. Spend you money doing things, not having things.
Olin Shivers defined the related "SRE" S-expression language for regular expressions:

https://scsh.net/docu/html/man-Z-H-7.html

https://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/shivers/papers/sre.txt

It works nicely with Scheme, including for programmatic generation.

(I've done some regular expressions from heck, without the benefit of this, and needed extensive commenting just to keep a few/several levels of nested groupings straight. With S-expressions, that's trivial.)
I am a YouTuber, and I spend a significant amount of time editing and rendering video. My main laptop is a full-spec M1 Max MacBook Pro, and when I'm home, I work on a full-spec M1 Ultra Mac Studio.

Both computers are extraordinarily fast, but I still spend a lot of time waiting.

I would be willing to spend a lot of money:

(1) to reduce that time,
(2) to significantly increase my laptop's battery life, and/or
(3) to significantly increase the size of my laptop's already-rather-gargantuan 8TB SSD.

Maybe I should become a programmer. Sounds like there's less waiting :P
My girlfriend had jaw issues and was recommended this after a surgery by her doctor. I decided to give it a try aswell as I had heard about the potential benefits. Used to wake up with a terrible dryness and taste in my mouth. Doesnt happen anymore now. Strangely enough my dreams got more vivid. Also, eventually it became like such a ritual that I would feel like something was missing if I didn't tape up. It started to feel snug, like a weighted blanket.
With an unique constraint/index
All you have to do is pick up The National Enquirer to suspect that facts aren't really the itch people are trying to scratch.

I'm not sure what it is people want ( Context maybe or capital T Truth.) but I know you can lie all day long with facts that are undisputed.
FWIW (not much), my opinion is that the Decoding Gurus guys contribute great analyses of these people, whereas Musk is living some sort of an Ayn Rand live action fan fiction.
> The second greatest problem with Regexp is learning query optimisation: that's definitively complex but this new syntax doesn't even attempt solving that.

Query optimisation is totally unnecessary if you use Rust's or Go's implementation.
McMurdo uses diesel generators. Which require oxygen, which is free on earth and very very expensive on the moon
The night is 14 days long and is deeply (cryogenically) cold, which is really bad for lots of hardware. Military component ratings are something like -55°C[1]. Lunar night is more like -130°C.

Ideally you keep as much equipment as close to an even temperature as you can, or it might never turn on again when daylight comes.

[1]: the exact definition varies, but it's in that general area. Industrial is -40°C and commercial is 0.
Ask HN: How do I become a better gift giver?
Then find all the little half-truths in that post.

I think this part sums up the problem with Forth quite well:

> I defined the instruction set in a couple of hours. It mapped to Forth words as straightforwardly as possible [...] but it was harder than we thought. Presumably that was partly the result of not reading "Stack Computers: the new wave"

In other words: people too often confuse "simple" and "easy", think they don't need the experience of others, and then feel bad when they try and fail - and that post provides them with solace and a good excuses to quit when it happens with Forth. I don't mind them quitting Forth, but I'm more annoyed when they spread those half-baked "truths" about Forth.
I don't see such a feat taking place in the next decade, you need highly dedicated people. I can see new code being written in Rust but a C free build sounds like something that really won't be happening anytime soon.

I wish something like it could happen, but I am causyiously optimistic.
BorgWarehouse: A fast and modern WebUI for BorgBackup release 1.1.0
I’ve seen some benchmarks that put the M1 Pro about on par with a desktop 5700X. Probably depends on the task.

That performance level is maintained when the laptop is unplugged too, which is hard to find in a laptop. Most of them will throttle themselves pretty hard the moment you’re no longer tethered to a wall because otherwise they’ll burn through their batteries in a flash.
The anti-Vaxer threads were flagged and are dead, presumably because someone considered them dangerous.

I fear that doing so mostly just emboldens them and helps their cause. Censoring like that makes me, and probably others, suspicious.

The better thing to do would just be to help them understand the statistics and provide links + explanations for how they are misinterpreting the data.
Value != Price, so yes a Toyota may be more valuable than a Lamborghini.

A Lamborghini is (in general) objectively _pricier_ than a Toyota. The "value" of a car has more dimensions than simply its associated market price.

All of this is orthogonal to the original issue of $10 being more popular than $100, therefore more valuable.
I really do not understand dish washers: you have to clean the dish 80% before going into the washer, so why not spend the 10 seconds to actually wash the thing? I've timing both and hand washing beats dishwashers by an significant amount every time.
A significant amount of the lines of code in the kernel are for drivers (7 of 12 million lines?).

A potential strategy would be to set a date where any new drivers must be written in Rust. Deprecate every non-Rust driver on a date after that. Focus on rewriting only the drivers necessary for current hardware platforms (and some sensible/arbitrary cut-off going back x years). Then set a final deadline for a New Linux kernel release that removes all deprecated/C drivers.

I would blindly estimate that entire process to take 10-20 years (not including the time needed for debating the whole thing).

Then somebody "just" needs to rewrite the rest of the code.

So, uh, any volunteers?
That doesn't solve the most problematic part of regexing for me: having a different programming language embedded as a string in my other source code. The same happens with SQL in many codebases.

The embedded string is often precluded from static analysis. Fieldnames or names of capture groups may drift apart from the outside code and maybe nobody notices.

What we need are more embedded DSLs where we get static syntax and type checks and hopefully a good integration between the surrounding code and the embedded code.
Yes, and a lot of people call other diseases flu when they get them.
There's been a highly annoying kubectl port-forward heisenbug open for several years which smells an awful lot like one of these dark Go network layer corners. You get a good connection establish and some data flows, but at some random point it decides to drop. It's not annoying enough for any wizards to fix. I immediately thought of this bug when Nagle in Go came up here.

https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/74551
Indeed.

And it's clear through this lens that if the Fed's goal was actually to have a stable currency, they would grow the money supply through this method. Under a helicopter money scenario, the intended inflation/counter-deflation would happen nearly instantly, they could get the exact amount required, and we would move on with our lives.

Right now we have lagging indicators for lagging indicators that are lagged through the Cantillion effect. Of course it's an absolute impossibility to get it correct! No wonder we get booms and busts!

Deflation is bad, it causes rent-seeking through hoarding money. But inflation is bad, it causes rent-seeking through hoarding assets. The goal needs to be against rent-seeking, against zero sum behavior. The only way to accomplish that is steady prices.
uh

...

Swift?
I had a similar kind of idea for a long time, which I put into action a few weeks ago via a standalone transpiler of Emacs' rx macro to common regexp syntaxes.[0] I ended up getting interrupted and didn't completely finish it, but it generally works, though is probably riddled with edge cases.

The basic idea of rx is to use S-expressions to describe regular expressions, and my elevator pitch would've been to embed rx invocations in shell scripts using $(syntax), the main use case being something like sed invocations.

I still think it's a neat idea, and complex regular expressions tend to be hard to parse for humans.

[0]: https://github.com/sulami/rx
Yeah, this comes up every now and then in these discussions. Both Amazon and Google have explained quite well why smearing is probably the best way to handle leap seconds.
I don't think the signature is meant to verify that you are you..
Just like locks are not really to keep out thieves.

Signatures and locks are thresholds..

You knowingly, intently, explicitly and provable overstepping that threshold when you fake a signature or break circumvent a lock. That's the real value they provide.

The threshold raises the bar a little bit, it makes it require a bit more determination and activation energy, so it reduces the pool of potential criminals.
Ask HN: What true thing do you believe that few people agree with you on?
That isn't necessarily wrong. Many distributed systems engineers work in the energy sector, which is a giant distributed system.
A good bet is that a technology will be around at least as long as it has been around (I think there's also a 'named law' for it). So I fully expect C to be around in one way or another for the next 50 years, it probably won't be as important anymore, just as COBOL or Fortran are not as important as they used to be.

One reason for C to disappear completely would be if computer architectures would change so much that current programming languages no longer even map to those new architectures (e.g. all the existing programming languages would need to be dumped anyway).
Convincing suspicious vaccine-skeptics of the value of vaccines is not the goal here. We're not a public health service; we're a forum for curious conversation. Tedious rehashes of antivax arguments aren't curious; they're just tedious.
There's a price calculator available: https://www.spacex.com/rideshare/
Oh man!

This reminds of all the shenanigans we had back in school (in the prime of Windows XP). Among the things of:

1. Doing the same thing you did with #7, as in flippin the screen. However, our computers were so slow that you could spam the rotation combination for 30sec and it would go on for at least 5minutes or even more before it was finished. It was almost faster to just do a hard reset most of the times.

2. Our network was miss-configured, which let us to connect two ethernet ports on the same switch together and take out a whole class room. Or better yet, if someone had forgot to lock the room for building switch and do the same.

3. Pupils were not allowed on school wifi back then, but somehow our IT-department wasn't up to date when those popular WEP vulnerabilities were released. Didn't take long for pupils to dual boot Backtrack and sniff out the password. School had to invest in better security until next semester.

4. MSN was blocked on school network. This later became a source of inspiration for those studying programming back then. As an example: there was a program published unto the public network share (deep down) called msn-unlocker.exe which wouldn't unlock MSN for you, but rather create directories inside directories recursively until windows registry and harddrive just gave up.

There is of course a lot more stories here, but I'll keep those for reunions and bar nights with friends :)
The last example in this notebook [0] shows how similar PRQL is to dplyr. The rest of the notebook shows how you can use PRQL from R, Python and the command line.

[0]: https://github.com/snth/normconf2022/blob/main/notebooks/nor...
The pricing quote is from 1993 when Windows NT 3.1 was released. A Windows NT 3.1 server license cost $1500 and didn't require client access licensing. Many of my clients jumped ship from Netware because of the huge price difference. Almost all of them were pissed when NT 3.5 was released and required client access licensing but having just finished migrating off Netware they weren't going to migrate back.
Right, everything except solar panels should be underground, not only because of temperatures but to keep the regolith away too.
I've trained myself to only wash dishes when the microwave is running, and you'd be shocked how little time it takes to do them - often far less than the 90 seconds I'd planned. I end up with a hot meal and a clean kitchen.