skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Something I've wondered... when politicians give speeches they often have some hand gesturing from a sign language interpreter standing next to them. But I've never understood why this is better than subtitles. If you're deaf then wouldn't you rather read text than follow sign language?
Actually it’s quite good - because he spent $40bln we got to see detailed evidence of government agencies working hand-on-glove with corporations to censor information and shape political outcomes (a few years ago it was trendy to refer to this as arrangement as “fascism”).
Yes, I mean having limits on everything! Every input has a max value. Players, messages count, message length, weapons they can hold etc. You can add more by recompiling, you should reuse them (for size but also to keep data contiguous) even if that is challenging under multicore utilization and you can add MUUUUUCH more than the CPU can handle to compute anyway so this is not an issue.

The first and last bottleneck of computers is and will always be RAM. Both speed, memory size and energy. A 256GB RAM stick uses 80W!!!! Latency is increasing since DDR3 (2007) and we have had caches to accommodate for slow RAM since 386 (1985) (3 always seems to be the last version, HL3 confirmed? >.<):

You need to cache align everything perfectly: 1) all data has to be in an array (or vector which is a managed array but i digress) 2) you need your types to be atomic so multiple cores can write to them at the same time without segmentation fault (int/float). 3) You need your groups/objects/structs to perfectly fill (padded) 64 bytes. Because then multiple cores cannot invalidate each others cache unless they are writing to the same struct.

So SoA vs. AoS never was an argument! AoS where structures are exactly 64 bytes is the only thing all programmers must do for eternity! This is the law of both X86 and ARM.

So an array of float Mat4x4 is perfect and I suspect that is where the 64 bytes came from. But here is another struct just as an example:

struct Node {
int mesh, skin;
Vec3 spot, pace;
Quat look, spin;
};
Wayne’s character is done really well by the audiobook narrator, Michael Kramer.
Ask HN: CAP Theorem
Let's consider this oversimplified architecture (https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FkqxnK7WAAEk6Lc?format=png&name=...): R1 is serving Asia, R2 Europe, R3 USA.

R1, R2, R3 are connected, but suddenly R1 has trouble reaching R2 and R3.

How does a CA system (consistent and available) behave?
> the invariants you have to keep track of are relatively simple (things like 0<=i<L.)

If maintaining these invariants were so simple, why would the smartest people in the industry have so much trouble doing so? Humans cannot consistently write correct C, not even the ones who believe they can. We have decades of evidence.

> Most languages replace these with multi-dimensional string based hashmaps that have much more complex invariants to keep track of and similar consequences for failing to do so.

This take reflects a profound ignorance of the relative severity of different kinds of software defect.

When you get an array bound wrong in Java or Rust, you get an exception or a panic. Your program exits and restarts. You get a ticket for fixing the bug. Life goes on.

When you get an array bound wrong in C, you open the door for a nefarious actor to gain control over everything that your program can access.

These aren't similar consequences. They're not even on the same planet of consequences. C apologists are like apologists for asbestos and lead paint.
This is a very niche difference. In general once you send something "to the public" you can't expect that it stays private. So if you need to keep items on your feed for a few weeks after publishing it will have a near-zero difference to the availability of that piece and be picked up by almost all subscribers.
It also seems like it would be an exceptionally bad idea for someone to lead off their congressional testimony with "I fucked up".
I mean I’ve worked with C for a long time. It’s love-hate. I think it’s hard to see the value from the other side of having internalized C, and Rust definitely encumbers you.

The number of things a beginner doesn’t have to know or worry about to code something as essential as a function that reads a file, searches for a string, and interacts in a serious way with the network in Rust vs C is substantial.

Probably I’ll get downvoted again but it’s fine.
They are hoping that three letters - C, T, & O - will pull your ego in. Based on what you have written they just want a coding monkey. In terms of stock, if they haven't already offered any they aren't going to because you have no leverage. You had best proceed with a realistic view of what is actually going to happen: you will work hard so that they can enrich themselves while calling you a CTO. Or just find a job elsewhere.
Still a fan of NNTP... thinking of doing something similar with HTTP and Cloudflare workers (and adjacent service). Durable Objects for incrementing counters per group, and R2 for header/body storage. Not inherently distributed to separate servers, but an open enough API that it would be similar and allow for other implementations. Only thinking CF, in that I wouldn't have the issues of trying to self-scale in the same way something that could be simple if it gained wider usage.
> The share of US ad revenues held by Facebook’s parent Meta and Google owner Alphabet is projected to fall by 2.5 percentage points to 48.4 per cent this year, the first time the two groups will not hold a majority share of the market since 2014, according to research group Insider Intelligence.

So they haven't lost anything yet
You can only get the benefits as a founder if you have the same lever as the company (which you usually don't).
Crypto craziness craps out – and about time too
See my other answers...
Any outreach examples?
I am more worried about the ideology that has killed the most humans: communism.
Really not nearly as close as you’re implying.

Human narrators do things like use different inflection depending on who’s speaking.
Remember the pay phone? This man is bringing them back at no cost
Probably because of the release of 0.14 beta1. Here is the announcement from their Discord posted yesterday by Aircookie

~~~

After a way too long time, I am thrilled to finally share the new official beta, 0.14.0-b1, with you, just in time for Christmas! https://install.wled.me/

Don't let yourself be fooled by the beta moniker, this version offers so much more than 0.13

0.14 is such a huge step forward in comparison to 0.13 that there are way too many epic new features and improvements to even start listing here. The two most major additions are native support for 2D matrix panels and effects as well as audio reactivity via usermod!

A huge thank you from the bottom of my heart to everyone who contributed to the project in the last year, especially @blazoncek , @softhack007 , @ewowi and the WLED-SR fork team, who together have contributed, if I had to approximate, 90% of the new 0.14 code!
They produce some at least, but even when they're just a shopfront they almost certainly pay another fraction of the sales to whoever did make it.

Big thing though is how few copies the median book actually sells. From what I can tell, the actual sales for a median book across all media are only the low thousands. Audible's mean (not median) gross revenue per book is ($200e6/y)/(200k titles) = $1k/title/year.

I tried looking up Audible's financial info, but the only financial report I saw was from 2007, which said their revenue and expenses for years ending 2006 and 2007 were about equal to each other, and at about half what people say are their current revenue levels: https://last10k.com/sec-filings/1077926
Apple has a perpetual ARM license. It's unlikely they'll transition to RISC-V.
I’m becoming a real fan of using RSS for anything that fits it – websites, YouTube [0], email newsletters [1]; even books [2]! Honestly I’m tempted to start putting summaries (hacker news, stack exchange, reddit) in my feeds, just to keep me from endless scrolling.

[0] I think Feedly can handle this, but YouTube may have disabled this natively, which is a shame.

[1] I’m a fan of https://kill-the-newsletter.com

[2] Dracula Daily (https://draculadaily.substack.com/about) and Letters from Watson (https://lettersfromwatson.substack.com/about) are quite fun!
This depends on how deep you want to go. I honestly recommend starting small.

First, Code by Petzold to make sure you understand how a computer truly works. Then I recommend:

Understanding Microprocessors (Motorola)

8086/8088 Assembly Language Programming

Dissecting DOS

Practical Filesystem Design

FreeBSD Internals

The reason there are so many books is because it’s a big topic. The reason most are old is that things were once much simpler. Modern stuff builds on old, so if you get a good understanding of older stuff, you have an idea of what is happening. From there, I strongly recommend getting a good understanding of UEFI. UEFI will handle most of your system initialization no boot requirements, allowing you to focus on higher level stuff. Prior knowledge of systems will still be a requirement so that you can understand some of the assumptions and choices that UEFI makes.

OSDev is fun. I hope you have a good time.
I stopped appreciating RSS after "below the fold" content started being hidden by default.

It was when the Internet died. We have been basking in the glory of a dead innovation ever since.
Twitter hired private spooks to track journalists and Elon is still living off government grants, so yeah, obviously.
Mistborn is definitely a great intro to the cosmere books. I'd almost definitely start there, see if you like it, and then get into the rest because it can be pretty overwhelming with how much there is.
Chrome OS also runs mainline kernel and uses GNU userspace
As dumb as it sounds, good for you. There is this great podcast with Annie Duke about how quitting is a difficult skill and how easily we get trapped chained to not functioning approaches due to not looking at it rationally. Maybe the analogy of all the corpses on Mount Everest who ignored the turnaround time will make you feel a bit better about your decision.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jMLqcfX9dU

edit: For anyone not listening to it, the practical take away is the importance of setting kill criteria (to recognize something isnt working) upfront to combat cognitive biases and your emotions in the moment.
No, I think you misunderstood the post I responded to a bit.

In the case where the current password is captured on the password change, you have two plaintext values that aren't stored yet and you can just do some text analysis and understand how close they are.

With past passwords, you just take the current input and transform it with common transformations (adding numbers, incrementing/decrementing numbers, etc), hash it, and see if it matches a previous password hash. If so, then you know that they're using a very similar password pattern repeatedly.
K&R book. Nothing come close although it lacks on modern C.
Gated through fewer sources providing much more analytics definitely changes the game there.
He's saying the heavy tax burden drains capitol accumulation. Too generous benefits prohibits the filtering mechanism built into markets that stops a society's resources from being drained into unproductive resources. Not ideal, but advocates of near universal welfare support do not seem to have a good answer to this problem.
I wish that were true. The problem is that lots of things are hard to understand and there's a good chance you're listener won't get it.
Absolutely yes regarding MySpace. Per Wikipedia: "in June 2006, it surpassed Yahoo! and Google to become the most visited website in the United States" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myspace
While it is true that entrepreneurship is indeed an upper middle class game, you tell only half the story. I've met guys who went from poor to cushy big tech jobs and even then they are deathly afraid of risk. Probably some form of PTSD from their poor days makes them never want to risk going back
Isn't your source of RSS feeds the curation? Is that very different from Facebook or Twitter showing you the people you subscribe to?

I know Facebook and Twitter play stupid games with "the algorithm", injecting stuff you didn't ask for and hiding stuff from your friends, but in the end it's not as if you were just being force-fed solely stuff you had no interest in.

So wouldn't an RSS feed be just as much of a filter bubble, based on who you choose to subscribe to? You might feel better knowing that you were seeing it in a simple chronological order without the algorithmic opinion, but it doesn't seem like a solution to filter bubbles.
Meta to Pay $725M to Settle Cambridge Analytica Lawsuit
I think the key point being missed here is that mastodon isn't one website segregated into communities.

It's a bunch of small websites each with their own community.

Instead of one garbage Twitter replacement, we have thousands of individual Twitter-like websites each aimed at a particular community. There's one for any subset of interests you care to look for.

The magic of mastodon is that these websites can interact with each other. If you live on the LGBT programmer instance, you can follow and talk to people on the clam science facts server, or artists on the art server.

Then you also get to see all the accounts anyone on your server follows, and you discover new accounts and servers that way.

If you find a new server you like better, you can just pack up and move in a few clicks.

The model is closer to subreddits than it is to Twitter.

Mastodon is a fundamentally different thing, and people keep having panic attacks because they want to frame it as Twitter and it doesn't fit. It's different, and you need to adjust your perspective. Once you appreciate mastodon for what it is, it's a pretty neat platform.
As I recall, at least in mode 13h on VGA cards you can poll a register for vsync status, so a simple way is to just busywait on that.

Alternatively you can install your own timer interrupt for a higher precision counter you can monitor.

Typically we wrote directly to the sound hardware back then, but if you're looking to have all that complexity abstracted (it isn't really that bad, there's good documentation out there and these are pretty simple devices), you could use the old DOS version of the Allegro library.
That's fascinating, to color-code by character.

For (foreign-language) subtitles that seems distracting and unnecessary, since even if you don't see the character speaking, you can recognize their voice.

But for closed-captioning (for the hard of hearing), it seems like it could add clarity. Yet in the past I've watched movies with CC without sound (like on a long-distance bus) and don't remember ever having a problem understanding who a line belonged to.

Does anybody have actual experience with color-coded captions and whether they're more of a help or more of a distraction?
Programming in C can turn you into a very disciplined programmer for the simple fact that you will need to track when you request memory and when you need to free it. Essentially you will become the garbage collector. I would recommend you to the read classic "The C Programming Language" (Kernighan & Ritchie) and "Expert C Programming Deep C Secrets" (Van Der Linden) which will get you far enough to write useful programs. I read half of Gustedt book and it has good advice, probably need to pick it up again. A good starting point is to implement your own data structures, like lists, double linked lists, dynamic arrays (had a lot of fun implementing this one). Also (this is personal preference) I would learn a bit of the autotools, they are painful to learn and feel kind of ugly, but once they are in place you basically will forget about a ton of things and your build will become a joy (there's a nice book by No Starch Press about it). I've managed to integrate Check (https://libcheck.github.io/check/) so now I have unit tests in C which is something nice.
This should have (2018) in the title please :)
Syndication. Virtually no one refers to a protocol or file format in common jargon and dialect.
My examples are just personal anecdotes, you can dismiss them by saying "our team won't make the same mistake".

If your goal is 100% coverage then it will turn testing into ritual and only give you the illusion of quality. Instead of testing inputs and edge cases, you will focus on testing lines of code.

There's a good illustration of uselessness of 100% coverage in one of Raymond Hettinger talks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ARKbfWk4Xyw

> I use testing as a tool to be sure we ship quality code

I suspect we have different definitions of quality, and your might include testing, so I doubt I will be able to convince you.
This is the definition of cherry picking data. If you are comparing rates between countries, use the country data.

I have personal experience with refugees from Central America and Mexico. I can assure you, many are fleeing violence.

Edit: Dismissing 2.7x rate does not make for a strong point. You are jumping through hoops to not be wrong. E.g., one of the cities that receives the most refugees from Guatemala is El Paso, TX, which is consistently one of the safest cities in the U.S.

Your choice of metrics also does not paint a full picture. Many people are fleeing to avoid being conscripted by a cartel. That type of violence does not show up in homicide statistics. You're demonstrating a superficial understanding.

Edit 2: El Paso is the opposite of cherry picking; as I already pointed out, they are relevant because they take in a disproportionate amount of refugees. So, of the U.S. cities that you point to with higher per-capita homicides, can you point out if any absorb more refugees than El Paso? Because that was central to your point that refugees are jumping from the frying pan into the fire.

I did not get you "suspended". You got your own post removed because you weren't following HN guidelines. I tried to point that out to help, but you were too busy arguing to notice. Not everything is a personalized attack.
Fine, keep your secrets.
Same question as the other answerer: When does metaphor become etymology for a new meaning? concentrate is bringing something to a center, which seems metaphorical when used as keeping a goal in mind, and I'd guess a majority of words are originally formed that way - should they not talk about cranes (in the sense of construction) because they are name after a bird?
I would guess that the sign language interpreter is translating in near real time in live speeches.
Is the literature comparing alcohol and heroine with actual data? Along what metric(s) is alcohol worse than heroine?

If this is actually true, the real takeway is that heroine is not nearly as bad as we've been led to believe and we should all go experiment this weekend.
Like they do already?
Cool, I guess less hunger for less startups is a good deal.
Okay, good.

Now that you got the UI right, stop tweaking and changing it. I can't stand when the UI on so many apps and webpages change simply because the UI folks and programmers need something to do.
The older “608”[1] system in North America was much simpler but the current “708”[2] standard does support specifying colours and fonts, but in my experience in the industry nobody uses those functions at all and just uses the 708 function to embed the older 608 payload data within the newer 708 data structure.

In UK/Europe the older/simpler format would be OP-42/OP-47 Teletext[3] which can be used for captions instead of the full-screen data pages, or DVB Subtitles[4], which get into more uses around “subtitles” in terms of language translation, rather than only the “closed caption” use case where it matches the content language. DVB subtitles can be sent as pre-rendered bitmaps or as data for client-side rendering.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EIA-608
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTA-708
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teletext
[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtitles
One of my favorite professors. His programming language concepts course was the most useful useful class I took in university.

I also recommend his book.
In Finland, Denmark, The Netherlands, and Sweden, the income distribution ratio[0] of the total income earned by the top 20% of earners vs the bottom 20% of earners is about ~4x. Denmark has a personal income tax rate of 56% [1]

Best data I could find[2] after a quick google on USA puts income distribution ratio around 5.2x, so not much of a substantial difference in gross income disparity vs USA at the 20th/80th percentiles. Personal income tax rate is about 37%[3], so certainly USA lets you keep more of your paycheck than Denmark.

So high earners in US are making ~20% more than their peers in Denmark relative to the bottom 20% in their respective countries, and folks in the US pay ~20% less tax as well.

Certainly it's a notable difference but we're not talking orders of magnitude here, especially since the above math doesn't account for all of the benefits that higher tax rate brings, both tangible and intangible.

However, when we're talking in absolute numbers, most Danes out-earn most Americans. The median wage in the US is ~$52k [4] vs Denmark at ~$72k [5], which closes the gap even more.

I suspect there are significant differences and outliers at the extremes however, and that is likely where most of the VC money lives - whether we're talking about angel investors dropping >$100k or VCs spending millions on pre-revenue companies. I'd wager we're well into the top 1% of earners in the US doing the funding. This is the most likely explanation to account for the differences in early stage investments and growth opportunities you described above, imho.

[0] https://tradingeconomics.com/denmark/income-distribution-eur...

[1] https://tradingeconomics.com/denmark/personal-income-tax-rat...

[2] https://dqydj.com/average-median-top-household-income-percen...

[3] https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/personal-income-t...

[4] https://www.averagesalarysurvey.com/united-states

[5] https://www.averagesalarysurvey.com/denmark
Ask HN: Why is the Wikipedia Foundation's begging tolerated?
Every time you go to Wikipedia there's a huge banner asking for money implying it could shut down at any moment due to lack of funding.

In reality, the Wikipedia Foundation is doing just fine. In fact, they make so much money from donations, they spend (read: waste) massive amounts of it on various social ventures instead of using it on the service that caused people to donate in the first place.
Similar incentives and assumptions lead to similar results.
Couldn't I just subscribe to kumquats, ancient Mesopotamia, and The Buzzcocks groups on Facebook? Yeah, I know "the algorithm" means that I'd miss some things and have other things injected into my feed, but it doesn't sound like the total content is radically different.

I understand the idea of wanting to feel more control by seeing precisely and exactly the groups you asked for, but I feel like it's not really a radical change in terms of content.
It’s not really waterproof

https://amp.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jun/23/samsung-a...
> This is coming from a person who doesn't have a complicated calendar...

The more complex PIM software out there are not aimed at you, and it turns out those addressing more complex needs sometimes are hitting a market with higher margins. Business owners with complex, heavily-packed work and personal lives will pay a premium for a PIM software assistant that aligns with the way they think and go about their days.

With international travel and a busy life, I still lament the kind of integrations and features I tasted with the Apple Newton and Pimlico Software’s DateBk3 on PalmOS. I’ve yet to achieve that level of sophistication of seamlessly integrated data (Newton) or thoughtful attention to detail and densely-layered information presentation (DateBk3) again to this day. I am excited by the future possibilities AR, LLM ML, OCR, and voice recognition could bring to a re-envisioning of those platforms.