skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
i would explain this in this way.

there are 2 taxes.

direct and indirect.

direct taxes are paid by recipient themselves. (income tax is an example. a person/corp pays a tax on "net income after deductions" at whatever percentage)

indirect taxes are "collected" by the taxpayer but the person who ultimately buys a product pays it as the cost of product is inclusive of this indirect tax.
VAT or GST or whatever. a business who is registered for indirect tax collects it from the customer and pays it to government. this indirect tax is not shown in their profit and loss account because for a business, they are just an intermediary.

direct tax OTOH, is shown in p&l because it there is PBT>tax>PAT.
I think it’s great too. I wish they would shore up some of their existing releases though. Probably most notably, the ability to query aggregates via the officially supported route is missing: https://github.com/supabase/postgrest-js/issues/206

The workarounds suggested are not ergonomic for most use cases and it feels pretty out of place for such basic functionality to be missing in what otherwise feels like a pretty full featured product.

Their Realtime product is another example of something that languishes while new features get launched.
The difference is that with RTOSes you typically link the application together with the OS, whereas with Linux you can dynamically load applications at run-time.
I have ADD. Diagnosed medicated 30 years ago as a child. Slack distraction isn't my specific achilles heel, but I think I get it.

What works for me is breaking up workdays into 3-4 parts. I physically move, rearrange my desk, restart my laptop, take breaks, close files and such to punctuate day parts and keep them distinct. I need a lot more than a timer to make this work.

Once I have the day split into distinct parts, I can deal with 2hr blocks at a time, rather than a whole workday. Whatever your specific difficulties are, I find they're more tractable within a 2hr block. Maybe you allocate 30m to slack and then close it.

I tend to "lay out my tools." Open only the files and apps that I need for the current block, print out my notes, stuff like that. Imagine laying out tools and parts before starting to assemble a piece of IKEA furniture. Then you put that stuff away, grab some other stuff, and start to work on fixing the sink.

The details are emergent. At least for me, this method is useful in the abstract. Whether the issue is slack, procrastination, big getting in the way of small or the reverse... I seem to find solutions much more readily within these smaller blocks of time.

I don't know if what works for me will work for you, but if it does... the way it works is that solutions to problems like your slack problem are easier to find when you just need to solve them for the next couple of hours.

I find I spend a lot of mental effort trying for big solutions to big problems, and besides medication, very few big solutions stick. Small solutions otoh.. seem to emerge once the framing is correct.

Also, not everyone is cut out for highly collaborative work. I'm not. I need decent size blocks of work that I can take and own. I'm just not reliable enough to have others depend on my work on a "by lunchtime" schedule. That doesn't mean I can't collaborate. I have managed teams and worked in people roles. I just can't work and have a conversation simultaneously. Instead, I will allocate a whole 2 hr block of time to pair programming-like modes.

If your solutions are good and you have confidence in them, workplaces tend to be flexible enough to contain them.
I, of course, didn’t go trough all that huge article. Glad that Norvig is aware of it.
Just to be crystal clear this has not gotten bad fast. This has been a loud, obvious, well known issue at least since I was born in Arizona almost 30 years ago.

I cannot count the number of times I’ve heard sentiments to the effect of, “well you know there’s no water, so that’s why we’re building on a lot further up the basin and we’ll just have to drill the well deeper than the other folks.”
Sure, but also very human.

While all the rocket and space nerds I follow hold Musk in high regard for everything related to SpaceX, all of the civil engineering nerds I follow think TBC is a deadly disaster waiting to happen and that hyperloop is pointless, while all the neuroscience nerds I follow think Neuralink is kinda meh.
Map holding caps lock to control and esc on tap, you never use it anyway :)
Mist is a very poor way to deliver heat energy. It may be more efficient for delivering wetness, but any heat you put into tiny water particles is lost to the air before the droplet reaches your body.

To save water and energy, the Shower Loop appears to be a much better solution: https://showerloop.cc/
Here's sketch how to construct such a function: Let's start by defining f on Q (the rational numbers) by first splitting Q into countable number of disjoint dense subsets A_n of R (e.g. look at reduced fractions whose denominators are of the form p^k for some prime p, for fixed p every such set is dense and for different p's they are disjoint). As rationals themselves are countable, we may then set f(x) = q_n for all x in A_n, where q_n is an enumeration fo the rationals.

This construction already gives us a function such that every interval (x_1, x_2) contains a point x such that f(x) = y for every rational number y.

Now, in a similar way we may consider a set of the form s + Q where s is an irrational number. Setting f(x) = s + q_n for all x in s + A_n, we get a function which also attains all numbers of the form y = s + q for some rational q on every interval.

Finally, let's say that two real numbers s and t are equivalent if they differ by a rational number. By the axiom of choice we can choose a representative from every equivalence class, so that for every two representatives s and t the sets s + Q and t + Q are disjoint. Using the above construction for every representative lets you define a function with the property you wanted.
Policy Prediction Markets.
Did you not read the article? Stop pulling the 15 year number out of your ass. It's plainly possible to build nuclear power plants in under 4 years.

Solar and wind are outstripping nuclear in growth because their contribution is laughably small, and there's plenty low hanging fruit that can be achieved with small investments.

If we'd invested in nuclear power plants in 2010, like we said we needed to and then we didn't then we wouldn't have been dependent on Russian oil in 2022 during a fucking war while playing with windmills and solar panels like toddlers in a fucking sandbox.

Look what all that supposed growth in windmills has given us. Ask the layed off employees from aluminium power plants if wind energy was cheap enough for them. You want to know how you can tell windmills are a joke the energy industry is playing on you? They're in every fucking Shell "we've changed" TV commercial, that's how.
Not so much. A big mass of water act as a temperature buffer and air pumps and filters are mixing the water column all the time. It takes several hours to cool.

The event does not seemed truly random to me. If it was, the probability of breaking in the 90% of the time when there was people around would be much higher than breaking in the 10% small time interval without people. Extreme luck is rare. Looking for an external trigger seems appropriate

But the only surface really accessible to people was the escalator, and now we know that it didn't broke. The outer surface is mounted over the escalator door, can't be scratched purposely without taking a lot of troubles. Can't be shoot without leaving evident marks of a crime

If we assume that the thermostat didn't broke and that material fatigue is not an optimum explanation (it was checked and maintained in 2020), then temperature differences seem a good candidate. It broke in winter, in the hour where day/night differences should be maximum. The outer temperatures that night were -10C if I'm not wrong.
Don't feel bad if it doesn't make sense, the article gets quite a bit wrong.

At each intersection, a ray tracer might spawn a refraction ray, a reflection ray, and a shadow ray towards each of the lights. The reflection and refraction rays might spawn rays of their own, recursively. There are pathological cases where this gets out of hand, so most ray tracer have a maximum recursion depth or some threshold that if the ray doesn't contribute more than some threshold to the color of the pixel it just defaults to black (or whatever) and isn't computed.

Most scenes aren't made entirely of shiny glass spheres, so this usually isn't a major problem.

Path tracing is a little different, instead of evaluating a recursive tree of rays, you just do a lot of random sampling. Instead of evaluating both the reflection and refration ray, you flip a coin and evaluate one or the other. Or if the surface isn't perfectly smooth and glossy, you pick a random direction. Generally, path tracers have to trace a lot of rays per pixel to get anything other than a very noisy image. That can take a long time, so historically path tracing has been a lot slower than classical Whitted-style recursive ray tracing.

In either case, path tracing or ray tracing, the traversal doesn't (usually) terminate in the ray colliding with a light source. Instead, at some hit location you do a direct illumination test which usually amounts to casting a shadow ray at all the light sources to see if that spot is directly illuminated, and then evaluating the texture and lighting at that point to produce a color, which propagates back up to the final result.

> I don't understand this either. This just sounds like raytracing without reflections.

Yep, that's raytracing without reflections, refractions, or shadows. Or basically anything that distinguishes it from plain polygon rasterization. Which is why ray tracers and path tracers do actually compute those secondary rays, they just have different strategies about which ones they evaluate.

Plain Whitted ray tracing handles some additional optical effects that polygon rasterizers aren't good at (reflection, refraction, shadows), but it's not a complete solution. (Or we would say that it's not a full solution to the "rendering equation", because it omits some important terms.)

Path tracing on the other hand is a complete, unbiased solution to the rendering equation. (Which is to say it renders a "correct image" according to a fairly realistic model of how light behaves, given infinite compute power, and if one's resources aren't infinite, at least it will give a statistically representative if perhaps noisy result.) The main thing path tracing handles that ray tracing doesn't is global illumination: basically, light that bounces off more than one surface between the light source and the camera. It can even correctly model semi-glossy surfaces. Global illumination can often make the difference between "this looks CG" and "this look like a photograph" (assuming there aren't any other major tells).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendering_equation
I used the vanilla 12.1 build, initially wanted to use LineageOS, but it only had Android versions up to 11. Only issue I ever had with ArrowOS was that I couldn't get GPS to work without Google services, but that was not a deal breaker for me.
There was a paper from Hitachi (I think) decades ago.

Their thesis was one should devise a metric to solve a problem, and discard it once the problem was solved. Then on to the next problem.
Hehe honestly this is what often happens when I do journaling with my stream of consciousness text editor: https://enso.sonnet.io

Hard to keep track of the parentheses though as the text disappears after 3-4 lines.

I was also experimenting briefly with a graph-based text editor where o could keep my tangents in check but still have some overall structure.
As I understand it some of the code in Windows goes back all the way to win98. Lots of people retired or left the company since then.
I warmly recommend QuickCheck-inspired libraries.
It seems then that the next step is not popping open the hood of the AI, but popping open the hood of ourselves, quite literally.
That would make for a great sitcom. I can already hear the laugh track.
You can tell that the biggest damage from nuclear power plant waste is emotional, by the fact that no one gives a shit about disposal of radioactive coal power plant ash.

Even though that shit is dumped next to where people live on the regular, with increases to cancer rates as you would expect.
Those fishes can stand an interval of temperature if changed slowly. A main question to check would be if the thermostat was deliberately lowered by the owner in the previous weeks to save energy
Wish we could drive solar on empty fields in winter..
It also has appalling UX. They seem to place buttons completely at random. Pop ups all over the place. It makes Teams look good.
Agreed but avoid the fault lines, usually nuke needs a decent water source as well.
While this is "technically" a "Linux computer", in practice with such a small amount RAM the name is a stretch.
> " Since there are so many households, the average will be highly predictable, "

Unfortunately when it's dark in one place, it's also dark elsewhere. When it's cloudy or rainy in one place it's not made up for with extra sun elsewhere. There are also differences across seasons, with less sunlight in the winter, etc. You can average and say a state has, on average, x hours of sunlight in June, but without extremely expensive storage, the sunny days don't end up powering the grid on cloudy days, and solar in the summer doesn't get stored for use in the winter.

Electricity needs to be stable and reliable year round, and every day.
In the same vein, we can't really "confirm" that, for example, the JWST observations are not fake. It could be that someone has produced elaborate fake data and galaxies. Taken to the extreme -- everything could be fake, even your own reality and your own memories. However, it is very, very reasonable to assume those things are not fake.

Clearly one basic principle of science, reason, etc.. is to assume some kind of predictability or regularity unless we have reason to believe otherwise. I think it will turn out we should deal with qualia the same way: even though in a very strict sense it is not observable by other entities, we can use our own experiences to assume others have similar ones, and to build a scientific and philosophical understanding of it from the principles of generalization and from there accepting the insights and contributions of other scientists who are also sentient as far as we know. This is a new and necessary paradigm of science so that we can understand things we really need to understand profoundly. This is as true in cosmology as in the study of consciousness. [1]

[1] I've called it the 'Peakaboo fallacy', see this comment on cosmology: https://www.reddit.com/r/cosmology/comments/xdehtz/the_multi...
Yeah, but they didn't free-licence the copyrights. There was a fairly explicit permission to tape concerts; there was an implicit permission to trade tapes; but it was never permitted to trade tapes for money. I don't think there was ever a formal legal basic for the tapers.
That was just my very first, introductory panic attack.

I did have another which lasted a very very long time when I was outside, but I was given a shot of adrenaline for that one.

The thousands of others have been under 15mins.
There was a study in germany on this.. 20 % are enough for 80 % yield..

Sorry only have german link: https://www.oekolandbau.de/landwirtschaft/betrieb/oekonomie/...
This is something that's also sorely missing from operating systems.
> so many people insisting on living on decade-old software for silly pedantic reasons

But what could possibly be the point of changing something that works?? Buy a new machine, spend weeks or months reinstalling software, try to find alternatives for things that no longer work, and for what benefit?

Yes one can run `ls ~/ | grep example` in a Windows 7 shell, and ok, it requires additional software, but once that additional software has been installed, it is done. What's the point of installing a new OS so that functionalities that you already have, become "native"? Who cares?

Same for PDF (Sumatra) or SSH (putty), etc. etc. I have a stable system that I know intimately, on old hardware that I also know well. I don't see the need to be running after new things like a dog after a ball.
I don't want to sound rude nor elitist, but at the end of the day most workers don't care about the product the work on. They care about the prestige, or the money, or some other meta-factor (no pun intended) that comes with the role.

Even those that really resonate with a product they work on don't necessarily view said product as their dream calling or calling in life. Maybe the knowledge and ideas from the industry are useful but not necessarily what they are used for (for a topical exmaple: I'm sure meta has top VR engineers working on some of the most boring, least ambitious apps you can imagine).

If all that can happen at the non-1% level of society, I'm not surprised it happens amongst the wealthy elite, especially those whose job is to try and make the most money for the next quarter.
Right, forced outage of solar is 1%. Meanwhile, Germany is back to building coal plants because solar/wind doesn’t get you through the winter. Also, they postponed closing their nuclear plants. Jee, I wonder why?
C++ Uniform Initialization – Benefits and Pitfalls
It’s worth mentioning here that antipsychotics have come a long way since lithium. (Posting from the US with our unfortunate (relative to the developed world) healthcare system.)

There’s a handful of antipsychotics and mood stabilizers that have been developed in the last couple of decades that have had unprecedented success with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. They typically cost $20,000.00 per year before insurance (mine is $0.00 per year after insurance and a coupon, and they get cheap when their patent expires (the patent-clock is 20 years and starts when development starts)). I get to lead a normal life thanks to my medication, and I have experienced no side effects besides the typical mild brainwashing (totally worth it when compared to the alternative). I have friends on other similar newfangled medication, and they have similarly wonderful results.

Please forgive the Lisp-ish parentheses. I figure it’s halfway acceptable on HN.
An open-source & low-cost geodesic dome system.[0]

[0] https://colaborativa.eu/blog/2015/09/domenico-iterations/
What helps me is checking slack only during my pomodoro breaks.

I also have my notifications disabled.

Almost everything can wait 20m.
Thank you! I'll keep an eye out. I'm genuinely interested.
XMPP compatibility was amazing. I remember using one chat client to accept all the different chat services, including google one.
https://archive.ph/JSlSm
Pointing out that you're lying isn't a personal attack, but okay.
Indeed, very much this. We spent some efforts structuring this at work and now we have 2-3 rules in place. First off, all requests for work and services are always issues either directly in the ticket system, or via mail to a central mail address. Nothing from chat will reliably trigger any work done.

However, we have defined a role "first contact". This role rotates on a weekly basis, and whoever is first contact has the job of monitoring some well-known channels for requests. They then act as a first level support pretty much, helping people to figure out how to best request what they need. They also handle mails that aren't automatically handled in the central mailbox.

The latter in turn enables the team to just ignore pretty much all chat notifications outside of the team. First contact person will ensure they are heard, and first contact person will also address high severity tickets directly to people after creation. And as much as that sounds like a slower process, it has improved our resolution times because people aren't distracted as much.
Yes, mostly IBM's AIX and a few ... ah the name escapes me now ... the top notch graphical design workstations of the time.

The reason are maintenance contracts for very long-term systems that never upgrade (they are ultimately completely replaced by something else).

They are similar to that old bulb in a fire station[1]: it is strictly forbidden to breathe when around these systems, if you sneeze you are fired on the spot :)

We had to move them twice between data centers. I had some popcorn with me when they were powered off, transported as if it was Mona Lisa and then restarted with the sysadmins not watching and asking for the flashing numbers. Good memories.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centennial_Light
Eh, it adds up. One car a month for 2-4 years means you have 24 cars spread throughout the house.
Wiki lists a variation of binary search called "interpolation search" [1] which

> Instead of calculating the midpoint, interpolation search estimates the position of the target value, taking into account the lowest and highest elements in the array as well as length of the array.

Sound pretty close to what you're describing :-)

[1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_search_algorithm#Inte...
Does anyone know if the US military has a rationale for their seemingly arbitrary exercises in vocabulary mutation?

Eg Overmatch, which according to the Wikipedia page "is a concept in modern military thinking", I would argue it would've been entirely familiar to G. Julius Caesar as dominātus, cognate to "Domination". Undoubtedly exactly the same concept existed (albeit impressed into clay) in sumerian military thinking.
What happens after a ridiculous suspension is really irrelevant because the main concern is about the actions taken that don't receive public attention and scrutiny.
They had direct email exchange, it wasn't just normal flagging.
It’s also important to emphasize that this is still _net metering_

That is, if your solar production for the year equals your energy consumption for the year, you pay $0 in energy costs[1].

You are still offsetting retail electricity rates with your own, cheaper, fixed cost form of electricity. You just get paid the same[2] for your excess production as any solar farm.

1 – It was going to be nonzero with an interconnection fee, but that got dropped

2 – $0.08/kWh is also higher than utility-scale power purchase agreements in CA, which are closer to $0.03/kWh
That is primarily a result of game designers not used to lighting for path tracing.

In traditional rasterized games, the only thing that matters is whether the end result looks good. This means adding things like global illumination (a magical diffuse light source which lights up stuff regardless of position), or simply making some parts of a texture brighter to make it look as if a light source is shining on it. Things like shadows are mostly pre-baked into the textures, and primitive reflections can be faked by just mirroring whatever is already on the screen. Basically, fake it until you make it.

With path tracing, the renderer follows the laws of physics. If something is lit up, the light actually has to come from somewhere. And as it turns out, most light will have hit multiple objects before finally ending up at the viewer. The artist now has to make a reasonably physics model for every single object in the game - even those the player might not directly look at. It's a completely different approach - made even worse because we aren't yet at a point where every gamer has a computer which can do 100% path tracing, so you still need to support traditional rasterization for people without bleeding-edge GPUs.

To get an example of the visuals possible, look at modern cinema. Disney and Pixar movies are path traced, as is probably all CGI these days. I expect games to get a more diverse look over time, as artists get more experience with it.
Try methylphenidate or similar long lasting adhd meds, instead of rittalin, and avoid strattera its largely useless. also get a private phone separate from your work phone, and leave the work phone at work, with notifications off in general.