skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The article makes a correct distinction between decentralization at a technical and social level that is direly needed. We ought to make a much stronger distinction between distributed computing and decentralized communities. It's more or less a quadrant. Torrent systems and Mastodon are both decentralized and distributed. Twitter is both technically and socially centralized. Reddit is technically centralized but socially federated, and contrary to popular intuition a lot of cryptocurrencies are centralized, global state machines on distributed hardware, not actually decentralized socially which would defeat their purpose for existing.

What people are after in social networks increasingly is local communities. Whether it runs on protocols or platforms doesn't really matter. I'd agree though with the authors and Moxie's take that protocols have a lot of problems due to their slowness and technical hurdles. In reality they also tend to coalesce into platforms anyway due to economic pressures.

The most appealing quadrant for social networks I think is the Reddit one. Some platform with a baseline and minimum of largely legal rules but local moderation. Which is essentially how real world federations work anyway. If it's a new or existing one I don't know but I could well imagine that Twitter or Facebook more and more devolve power towards regional communities and create better and fine-tuned moderation tools. Telegram and Discord are already examples of this as well.
DivestOS also develops a collection of useful FOSS apps that can be installed on any Android device. These apps are available on F-Droid.

Highlights include:

- Mull (https://gitlab.com/divested-mobile/mull-fenix), a privacy-focused fork of Firefox similar to LibreWolf

- Hypatia (https://gitlab.com/divested-mobile/hypatia), a malware scanner that uses ClamAV signatures

- MotionLock (https://gitlab.com/divested-mobile/motionlock), automatically locks device when it is face down or has not been moved
It isn't, but those millions of developers are why software supply chain security is a topic now (and why it causes me no ends of headaches, even though I do C++!).
Famously, SBF was playing League of Legends while pitching to Sequoia, and they just about fell over themselves in aww at his quirky genius. Matt even quotes this bit in the article.
Backwash (2014)
Exchanges aren't banks.
That's a broad claim that would look much better supported by some proof.
Free speech protections in the U.S. make it extremely difficult for a company to pursue consequences for this sort of thing.

A previous employer was pranked via impersonation that was far more elaborate and convincing than one fake tweet. The corporate lawyers were able to get the fake website taken down, but any legal action beyond that was quickly dismissed.

There's also the "empty pocket" problem; it's not like Eli Lilly is going to actually get $billions in compensation from some random person on Twitter. The lawyer time to draft the complaint would probably cost more than the best possible award they could expect.
Droidian is the GSI-based project from the Mobian folks. Note that GSI's are not totally unified; they'll still vary by CPU architecture, starting Android version shipped with the device, weird features like "A" or "A+B" boot, etc.
Nice article about webrings, which I had forgotten about.
Thank you. One quibble: “Websites were difficult to build” — I have to disagree. Websites were far far easier to build then.
> I mean what is uber processing payments itself too?

https://underhood.blog/uber-payments-platform

https://underhood.blog/assets/images/uber_payments/overview....

Usually the way these kinds of things evolve is it will start with some business requirement: "We want to launch in country <X> but our existing PSP <Y> doesn't support the country's most common payment method <Z>" (Uber operates in 71 different countries).

So you build out a system to abstract over multiple different PSPs (such as Stripe, though Stripe isn't listed in that graphic so not sure if Uber uses it at all) to unlock new business growth. Then you find out that some PSPs are cheaper than other PSPs, so you can save the business money by supporting additional PSPs. Then you find out that some PSPs are more reliable than others so you can increase availability by dynamically selecting PSPs based on availability and transaction costs etc. etc., layering on complexity over time.

All these things are actually built for very good reason (in this example, built to grow the business and reduce costs), but the reasons aren't obvious to the outside observer. But the work easily pays for itself many times over.

So could you run Uber with <100 engineers? Probably, if you were okay running in just a single country instead of 71. But that would be a very different Uber.
FWIW, I suspect Telegram animated stickers (or whatever it's called these days) may be Turing-complete.
> Trust and Security

> FTX and FTX US follow the same security standards and neither site has ever been hacked. Both platforms encourage two-factor authentication (2FA), and both practice cold storage of user funds.

> The only difference is that FTX has an insurance fund for users that is funded through their trading fees. If a hack were to occur, FTX can reimburse affected users. FTX US doesn’t have insurance in that manner, crypto lost through a hack isn’t covered, but USD deposits are FDIC insured. Because the original FTX has a more comprehensive insurance fund for users, it gets the edge here.

Don't worry... He's going to jail...
I've also seen vindictive behavior, where someone who doesn't like one of your comments goes down to your profile and down-votes all of your comments on HN. That said, statistically dog-piling would pump the numbers of a comment here or there, but would not raise rankings of people who others consider thought leaders based on multiple valuable comments. So in a way, the thought leader ranking would more objectively surface people worth asking for advice or interviewing for YC.
At least Matt Levine called FTX a Ponzi scheme to SBF's face [0], to which SBF had no real rebuttal (he tried to make a borrowing argument... but leveraging your Ponzi gains is also classic Ponzi).

It's stunning to me that that interview didn't crash FTX by itself, and it indicates that the industry (fintech, VCs, crypto) is engaged in a huge pump and dump. It's legitimately criminal.

[0]: https://archive.ph/fGLat#selection-3973.7-3973.12 (27:13)
Presumably things like not having to worry about bankruptcy if you lose your job and associated medical insurance, and then break a limb the following day.
> Definition of Europe seems to be EU, EFTA (ex. Switzerland which is governed by PayPal Pte. Ltd.), and UK.

This is likely because it’s the EEA, which is the EU+EFTA-CH.
Not if they don't want to go to jail for fraud. These are publicly traded companies.
Parallel garbage collection in Java has been a thing for a long time. With the right tuning you might have very infrequent STW GCs, even in a game as allocation-heavy as Minecraft.
Good bet.
> If you want job security, get a job somewhere that isn't trying to earn their next billion, where you can make a difference, where you are appreciated and where work/life balance means something. I expect you would feel much better :-)

... What?!?!? Where is this magical place you're talking about. Small companies can be better, but they can also be much worse, and you may have less recourse. You can really hide under a rock at a big corporation for like... decades.

Many of the "meaningful" jobs are low paying, and can be even more soul crushing. Teachers aren't always treated great. It's far more of a "hated by all" profession than you realize. Social work seems to be a tough racket on many fronts. You could have to do some difficult things and are almost guaranteed to see levels of despair and injustice that are difficult to bear.

All that for pathetic pay, but at least you have good job security, maybe sometimes with an asterisk; so best case you're one of the lucky ones guaranteed to be poor forever. I've heard that non-profits can be incredibly toxic as well.

In fact it almost seems that the "meaningful" professions are even worse, usually. There's a lot of corporate environments that are quite pleasant, have good pay and decent security.

"Heart" work almost always seems like a bad bet for financial security, and work environment. Doesn't seem worth it unless you're a very specific kind of person with talent that HAS to be a part of something, so is willing to put up with almost anything; boss puts cigarettes out on your forehead to pass the time? Sounds great, I'm just excited to be making music!

You will ALWAYS have 10 people tirelessly fighting for the job.
Discrete mathematics was mind blowing for me. It did a great job connecting algebra and propositional logic (think if statements, things being true or false) into a single math theory by showing how binary algebra or set theory accomplish both… then there’s the universal operator which is mind bending in itself.
Durable, Inexpensive Catalyst Reduces Carbon Footprint of Ammonia Production
> It sucks having to maintain the drives, prevent the bit rot, restoring them from backup when the drive(s) fail

It fits on one drive, so you can do all that with a few minutes of effort once every two or three years. Or just when you change drives, even less often.

> paying for, installing, maintaining the technology black hole that you fall down into trying to mitigate all of the above from happening in the first place.

Is that more than having a backup? You'd better be doing that anyway.

You could go fancy and set up Z-RAID but if you're really inclined to do that you'd probably already have it set up for your main files and then dumping the music on top is near zero effort.
Highly Available Transactions: Virtues and Limitations
Literally anything that's not build out of bargain bin parts will do fine. And better one will not necessarily prevent that many failures, over some point it's mostly incremental improvements in experience quality, not reliability.

I had 3 bikes, 2 of them did around 10k, 3rd one, well, I bought it at start of pandemic, then we moved WfH so it did much less.

Around 20% was riding around local forests, rest in city.

The first bike was literally like $300 (...probably closer to $400 now with inflation and all). I only replaced the saddle for more comfortable one but that's all. No disc brakes, literally the fanciest thing on it was that it had shocks on front.

But after finding job in big city and moving there I was using it for commute every day so after few years I decided "well, might as well buy something nice", bought one for I think like $2000, nice disc brakes, rear shock, lighter, "good" etc.

Comparing those two I went from mechanical rim brakes to hydraulic disk brakes and they did feel nicer, but in the end the rim brakes stopping power was just fine, it didn't feel as that much of an upgrade. Sure, a bit lighter to use but I could still yeet myself thru the front tire on rim brakes (probably). And rear wheel disc brake was entirely a waste, there is way less braking force needed on rear to lock up wheel.

In general I liked it but managed to break the frame (I was on max range of weight for that bike which probably didn't help), and decided to get something slighty cheaper, no rear shock (not much use for what I drive), cheaper accessories etc. (think it was about $1000). After a bit of riding turned out that only thing I missed was that tiny screw to adjust preload on brakes as the pads wear out. Drove few K so far, think some bearing in pedal broke (it's a bit wobbly), but not annoying enough yet for me to fix it.

In every case I had to replace sprockets as they use, replace the saddle for more comfortable one and install some accessory bits, replace the handlebars for one that fit me better and few smaller bit. But even the cheapo was reliable enough.

Generally the thing worth investing most is frame (as that will not change) and derailleur, as that will generally stay, brakes depending on riding (as I said, people driving hard off hills will probably have different needs than me driving some random forest dirt roads). Everything else you probably want to fit to your needs and you want to drive the bike for a bit to know exactly what you want.
Wut?

For example the entire Libor manipulation scandal came about because literally every interaction is on bbg logged for compliance purposes. I'll venture a guess you've never even been in a room with one. Possibly building.
If Twitter actually fails, crashes, burns, ceases to be a website. Would you blame Musk or would you blame impossible circumstances?
> Profile the function that is called if object is not found in cache ? Have pluggable cache with plugin that just doesn't cache? That is not hard problem to solve

Okay, now I have a profile that says 90% of the time is spent in the code the cache avoids. Now what? Narrator's note: When the cache was put in place it accounted for 40% of run time, but now people use it because it's 'free' and so the code has grown from looking up the data twice to looking it up five to seven times depending on conditional logic.

> Well, they delivered (I'm guessing) 10x improvement in a month by adding cache.

No, they didn't. That's the problem. No cache gets you 10x. 10x for one step of a 20 step process is a positive improvement but rarely more than 2x for the first one, 4x at the outside. If it does more that that then someone is being titanically stupid. From then on each cache is going to net you less, and less, and less. Only if someone measured wrong or you are blocked by some architecture change that's needed so that caches even make sense, will you see a bigger improvement this year than you did last.

But the pathology I'm discussing above didn't even have anything at all to do with caching. It's the psychology of (ir)rationalizing around performance, the assertion that you've done everything that can be done because you've done everything you know to do. It's a bizarre love child of learned helplessness and ego self defense. It's gotten way worse in a world where people reach for caches first (and thus, I assert, last), but it was always there.

I have a couple coworkers who are trying to be clever with a new cache architecture. Irritatingly by taking a statement of fact made by me 3+ years ago and jumping to the wrong conclusion. They promised 50% in 18 months (I was suggesting we target 90% in three years). Now we are somewhere past 30 months and so far they've delivered lower numbers than I did in 5 man weeks spread out from Christmas to mid March, while juggling other priorities and suffering from Seasonal Affective Disorder. Another coworker, usually cache averse, was making noises about adding a cache for some other pain point, and I started pulling on the thread for a bit until he was satisfied. It'll be next March before they surpass the 20% I turned in with about 8 modest changes. And the architectural improvement from both efforts will be roughly on a par. Top down is sexy, bottom up is not. But it's hard to do the former without the latter. Eat your vegetables.
There is no such thing as "mild" heart damage.

Moreover, clinical myocarditis and pericarditis are only tips of the iceberg:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vveMHtVk_mY

People who have no significant symptoms can still have troponin in their blood, indicating damage.
Ron Conway at Startup School SV 2014 [video]
The AGPL only applies if they make it available externally though. If they have their own internal instance the AGPL only says that Microsoft employees must be able to access the source code.
Neither users, employees, nor even the acquirer wanted it to happen
One thing to note is that this is distinctly the differentiator of AMMs (automated market makers), Uniswap for example.

Here are the docs for V1 (V3 is different, but the core pieces remain)
https://docs.uniswap.org/protocol/V1/introduction.

V2 docs have fun diagrams if that is useful for you
https://docs.uniswap.org/protocol/V2/concepts/protocol-overv...

It's quite interesting, and essentially what happens is that a pairing pool is created, ETH <> Shtcoin for example. So now for that shtcoin to have "value" it needs to be liquid within the pool, ie can go into ETH. The cost of the coin is determined mathematically based on the ratio each side of the pool.
I'm sure they must have a pretty good caching infrastructure, so the number of requests in total is pretty irrelevant in the grand scheme of things. They just broke 2FA via SMS literally because he started shutting down components in their SOA.
At least that required hardware access. If you had an exploitable bug in say some GPU firmware, then you'd realistically need to disable accelerated graphics everywhere no?
How much new net renewables capacity was installed last year? What was the largest capacity of nuclear ever installed in a single year?

Solar is scaling just fine. Installing 5-20 panels per person is hardly prohibitive. It's like claiming wheat can't feed people because it needs trillions of grains so we must stop wheat farming and only eat novelty sized pumpkin and elephant.
That's my question. Say if gmail adds user@example.com to their spam list. Does that mean gmail users won't be able to send emails to user@example.com? That is bizarre.
I’m going to follow up with a slightly more pertinent question: Why use a cuttlefish as the logo when the language is named after another animal?

Missed opportunity to spread the knlowledge about the Hymenopteras…
congrats on launching! I co founded a similar startup (halp.com) but for internal support. Of course we get some external support customers here and there as well.

Would love to chat and share any learnings
It should start with access permissions being limited to user-specified (even if prefilled) list of sites/domains. There are extensions clearly meant for a single page (e.g. improving the UX), or a class of pages. I never install them, because even if those pages are not critical, the permission request is always scoped to "all data, every site", which means that e.g. this nice plugin decluttering YouTube could also exfil data from my bank's webapp.
But it's not society setting the rules it's a small subset of earlier admins who created some of the first popular servers. They are in no way representative of society.
> The more the dynamic behavior of the profiled system and the real system deviate

Maybe. I've never found it a problem, but maybe. When I've added a cache, the cache comes with instrumentation for exactly that.

> Yes, but by doing this they also tremendously increased the complexity of the project

It depends. EG if you don't need to worry too much about cache invalidation, adding caching can be as simple as adding a single function call eg like python's lru_cache. It depends on the use case.
Google settles “Location History” lawsuit with 40 states, will pay $392M
I don't remember where it was in the US; maybe it was Cheyanne Wyoming or elsewhere, but it was a nature/mountain area popular with tourists. But their city leaders recognized the problem of tourist vs local housing prices, and they created regulation to ensure that there were enough local houses (affordable to locals).

The problem in popular tourist areas is that more wealthy people can afford to come and stay for short periods and are willing to pay a lot, so owners of houses and apartments can make more money off tourists than locals. Naturally they choose the higher income option and go with Airbnb (for example).

This leads to situations like Aspen, Colorado, where the "local" who work in Aspen have to live 30-60+ minutes away. They cannot afford to live where they work. And it means that in off seasons, these towns are just dead. Many shops close, there's no community, and there's little life. It might as well be a Disneyland which is only open for 8 months of the year.

Amsterdam is a hugely popular tourist area. Granted the atmosphere, architecture, and museums are high value; but sadly I think also the weed focus is high (sorry). Whatever the reason, it means a LOT of tourists. In my small 10 years, I have seen an immense growth. Airbnb and cheap airlines like Ryanair have made it far worse.

But to your point of housing prices, there has also been a lot of Chinese and other foreign property investment in Amsterdam (where the owners never intend to live there). Of course they seek to rent their properties, and short term rentals like Airbnb are generally more profitable in tourist areas. Still, this is not good for the cities or locals, and whether it's beneficial for visitors or not is effectively irrelevant. The city is nothing without happy locals.
>Our financial system uses fractional reserve. When you deposit $1 in a bank account, they are allowed to have ~10x that, or $10. . . . From $1 deposit, they make 900% instantly.

That is not how fractional reserve works. The way it works is when you deposit $1, the bank loans it to some other customer but there is a rule saying that they can loan out at most 90 cents of that $1. The purpose of the rule is to make it less likely that the bank will need to resort to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation when the bank's customers withdraw more money than the bank expects or hopes they will withdraw.
Show HN: Improving Synthetic Data Distributions with Conditional Sampling
imagine when we find life on other planets.
> People use it literally all the time. I don't buy that people mean it figuratively. Maybe you do. But this statement is banded out so often and with no regard to the situation except where the coins are gone, it reflects little insight into the situation besides what I have pointed out.

Well, see, when you use more words to express yourself, it actually makes it possible to understand what your point was.

I was not aware that your perception existed. So thank you (genuinely) for explaining it.

I think that this could be better explained to new users, especially by crypto exchanges which are usually the onboarding vector for them.

I think one good way to solve this, is actually for crypto exchanges to require that a relatively strict test about some crypto, investment and trading basics should be passed when you first register for an account at a crypto exchange, before these new users would be able to start operating with crypto currencies or any such trading products.

I wish crypto exchanges did this out of their own initiative rather than the government requiring such regulations, but since this is clearly not happening so far, I'm not against some government regulation for exchanges in this direction (although I'm against requirements about minimum investment amounts, as that promotes inequality and unfairness).

> A group of people who just so happen to think that the crypto is somehow exempt from the law

I'm not aware that this is the case, but I'm willing to concede that there might still be some unwarranted beliefs in this general direction, given all the carelessness that's going on from companies and projects in this sector. I hope that these people are proven wrong and either responsibility improves substantially, or that at least justice gets served when bad things happen.

> which they reflect with statements like "not your keys, not your crypto" which is said with absolutely no reflection on how property law works. It's not as if this is even a new thing, intangible property has existed long before crypto. Yet in the crypto world, the statement which you find so meaningful goes so far!

As you're already aware, I never interpreted this statement literally and never thought other people did, so I don't know... maybe you're right that the expression is not clear enough. I think my suggestion above about the test requirement for onboarding new users would improve the status quo with regards to this issue that you are pointing out.
Documentary? Article? He must have spent most of his waking hours running to do that. I’d be interested to read about his (lack of) injuries, never mind anything else.
Yeah it's just a mirror, I searched for it on libgen.is
Maybe in chess3 :D