skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> Bank X, subject to a 10% reserve requirement, is then free to lend out, that is create deposits, representing up to $10. The Fed “created” $1 but the commercial bank, X, “created” $9.

Please stop it with the reserve requirements. Canada (amongst others) hasn't even had them for for many, many years:

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserve_requirement#Canada

Relending customers' money hasn't been a thing for decades. Tobin called this the "Old View" in 1963:

* https://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d01/d0...

> Business schools teach that banks obtain deposits and then leverage those deposits ten times or so. This is why we call the modern banking system a fractional reserve banking system. Banks supposedly lend a portion of their reserves. There’s just one problem here: banks are never reserve constrained. Banks are always capital constrained. This can best be seen in countries such as Canada, which has no reserve requirements. Reserves are used for two purposes—to settle payments in the interbank market and to meet the Fed’s reserve requirements. Aside from this, reserves have little impact on the day-to-day lending operations of banks in the United States.

* https://www.pragcap.com/the-basics-of-banking/

> The role of reserves and money in macroeconomics has a long history. Simple textbook treatments of the money multiplier give the quantity of bank reserves a causal role in determining the quantity of money and bank lending and thus the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. This role results from the assumptions that reserve requirements generate a direct and tight linkage between money and reserves and that the central bank controls the money supply by adjusting the quantity of reserves through open market operations. Using data from recent decades, we have demonstrated that this simple textbook link is implausible in the United States for a number of reasons.

* https://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/feds/2010/201041/201041p...

See Cullen Roche's 2011 paper "Understanding the Modern Monetary System":

* https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1905625

Interview:

* https://rationalreminder.ca/podcast/132

See also the Bank of England's 2014 paper, "Money creation in the modern economy":

> The reality of how money is created today differs from the description found in some economics textbooks: Rather than banks receiving deposits when households save and then lending them out, bank lending creates deposits. In normal times, the central bank does not fix the amount of money in circulation, nor is central bank money ‘multiplied up’ into more loans and deposits.

* https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/quarterly-bulletin/2014/q1/m...
Which? What specific point are you making?

Usable aesthetics matter for reduction of cognitive load.

If lengthy lines of semi-similar code aren't aligned to visually see they are correct, that's less maintainable code.
This is not how it works in reality. $10 of new deposits can be created in a single fell swoop.
This title is really poor.

It was $2500 per area code you connect to, and no longer offered. Not exactly something to write home about.
https://allthetropes.org/wiki/Category:Banned_On_TV_Tropes
https://www.damninteresting.com/undark-and-the-radium-girls/
Unlike copyright, there is no safe harbor for hosting trademark-infringing content, so what that would accomplish is a potential lawsuit against F-Droid alongside the developer.
Film makes you think about your shots in a way that you just don't have to to with digital. This is not to disparage digital cameras at all; they are amazing, and I love mine. But they are also different, and despite digital's many advantages, film offers something unique to the medium.
PDF support would be fantastic! I've tried every FOSS html2pdf converter under the sun and they're all either buggy or outdated (based on very old browser engines) or both.

How do I best follow your project and any upcoming announcements?
Because they have deposits from 10 other customers from which they where allowed to lend only $9/10. The new dolar they get, allows them to lend the 10th dollar from each and still comply with the 10% reserve.
gcc was relevant on DOS and Windows thanks to djgpp; it was basically the only free option for a time.
No the $10 is indeed 'magically' credited in one step. There is no recursion required.
The Leaf Blower Parable
Very cool. What are the size of these screenshots and how long do they take to produce?

I’m wondering about them as alternatives to frame capture for remote browsers isolation to save bandwidth.[0]

Also related, the Chrome Debugging Protocol exposes a similar bit of info in the LayerTree domain: you can actually get the canvas draw instructions to render a webpage on a canvas.[1]

[1] https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/tot/Layer...

[0] https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/tot/Layer...
This is the craziest part of the whole article - imagine you wanted to own something like "555-FOOD" - to have this vanity number work in every area code, you'd be looking at hundreds of thousands of dollars (annually?) if you used Verizon to route the calls
You may as well have said "Im glad im not the only one who noticed Linux/Mac OS is slow" or Intel/AMD is slow or bash/fish/ksh is slow

My working understanding is that a program is common to run on these OS'es/hardware/shells :/
This week should remind you that the silicon valley hype machine is just like any other hype machine
>So my Q which this article did not even touch on, is whether the Federal Reserve is a public entity (so its profits go to US treasury and not some island somewhere), and if it is not, why not?

I believe you are conflating the Federal Reserve itself (the agency established by law that has a dual mandate to pursue price stability and full employment) and the Federal Reserve Banks (Richmond, Dallas, Minneapolis, etc.). The equity of the Federal Reserve Banks are owned by the commercial banks of the United States, and remit their profits to the US Treasury. Which seems consistent with the case you cite, where they’re private entities in some contexts (i.e., owned by private sector banks) but public entities in others.
One of my favorite thing about the smaller Fujifilm interchangeable cameras is the very encouraged film simulations built in. Editing after taking pictures is my least favorite activity so getting some high-quality well graded shots out of camera makes photography more enjoyable. My camera is an Xpro3.
A number of my great grandparents homesteaded in Michigan in the late 1800s. They didn't make more land exactly, but they converted land to agriculture.

The mechanization of much farming preceded that, as various horse and steam powered machinery was developed to harvest grains.

https://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqr...
> But the process should be clear for all those who take part and so much stuff in Germany is not even clear to native speakers, and I don't even mean legal contracts

Is it that much different in English speaking countries? There’s a reason why whenever a legal matter pops up people say “consult a lawyer”.

In Germany all proceedings will be held in German. But you can represent yourself everywhere without speaking German assuming that you have a sworn translator with you. That will cost you probably around €200/hour.
I deposit $100K in my account. The bank keeps $10K of it in its vault, and loans out $90K to you. You deposit the $90K in your account, and the bank keeps $9K and loans out $81K. Keep doing this over and over again, and ultimately the bank has close to $100K in its vault but all of us put together have $1M in spending money (numbers all inaccurate, but gets the point across).

So every dollar the fed creates out of thin air turns into $10 circulating through the economy because of fractional reserve banking.
How is either of those relevant for mold?
Very cool. Shamelessly linking my own weather display: https://github.com/Mrjohns42/WeatherDash

Supporting EINK on mine could potentially help make it more visually compelling like yours, but I've done other EINK display projects in the past (see https://github.com/Mrjohns42/DoggieClock) and screen burn-in was definitely an issue.
It's worse than that, this is a demand letter in a trademark dispute. Google has no safe harbor here, as the DMCA covers copyright and not trademarks.
Economics textbooks used to explain it that way, with a "money multiplier". That is, in the limit, if you keep lending 90% of each deposit then you'll 10x the money supply.

The reality is that banks don't "shuffle around" dollars like this, they just make accounting entries in ledgers. The vast majority of transactions are between member banks, and they just use FedWire or whatever to securely move the numbers from one bank's ledger to another. If the bank needs "cash" (i.e. the numbers in the ledger are too low) because there happens to be more outflows than inflows on a particular day they just lend assets overnight or whatever.
This seems to be the site for the organization with the only one in use that isn't a redirect. https://www.eftps.gov

I wonder how they decided to use that 555 number. They had to know the connotation 555 numbers had, it somewhat makes their site look like some scam or parody. If they were willing to use one anyways why not something like 800-555-5555? Or anything easier to remember than 3453?
Lots of software has monopolistic tendencies and/or large switching costs.

Most customers (outside of developers) don't have the ability to reliably ascertain the true quality of software, at least not before buying it (as they aren't software experts).

And (especially for the worst software, aka "enterprise") the people buying it are not the people who will actually use the software, so there is little incentive to improve the UX of it beyond the bare minimum.

And fundamentally... businesses don't compete on quality. They compete on profit.
Similarly annoying vibes but the repl it guy is waaaay worse
Though they should do a little something about their specific and conspicuous exclusion from coverage under insider trading laws while they are at it.

Just to be self-referentially consistent.
Scientists cut open Burmese Python to find whole alligator inside
Irrelevant as long as FDIC exists.
> the smaller Fujifilm interchangeable cameras

I bought an X-T2 this morning :-)

Since they're interchangeable, can I swap it with your XPro3?
Thanks for your feedback. We'll work on the website copy to make it more clear.

There are many upcoming features that solos will find helpful, like tags, custom fields, Google Calendar sync, etc.

Furthermore, we plan to have the option to turn off all team features so that you won't find the app cluttered if you use Upbase as your personal PM tool.
I'm just happy to hear I'm not the only one.

I wish OS developers stuck to two principles:

* Once an UI element that can be manipulated is displayed, it should not be moved except by the user.

* Interacting with the user should have realtime deadlines.
In my project I powered off my arduino (and the screen attached to it) completely by using latch and control the latch using a PIC mc. Even in sleep mode, arduino consumes quite a bit of power while PIC consumes relatively nothing while sleeping (datasheet says "20 nA @ 1.8V, typical" but probably more since you will at least WDT)
I don't really understand this paragraph. I just created test.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<canvas id="tutorial" width="150" height="150"></canvas>

<script>
var c = document.getElementById("tutorial");
var ctx = c.getContext("2d");
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(75, 50);
ctx.lineTo(100, 75);
ctx.lineTo(100, 25);
ctx.fill();
</script>

and used Chrome to pdf print it. Then I opened PDF in a Sumatra PDF Reader, zoomed in and it's obviously not vectorized.
Well, Twitch at least gives value, which is entertainment. I can't begin to be a devil's advocate for Mighty.
The official spec had lots of maximum allowed tolerances and how to test for them. E.g. the true airspeed had to be +/- 4 knots from 150 to 300 knots and +/- 1% and less than 7 knots above that. Mach number had to be +/- 1% but no greater than 0.02 or less than 0.006 of the real Mach number.
Downvotes aside as a programmer/developer, I found it funny.

And most good programmer/developers I know were like this early career but the wise ones grew out of it.

There may need to be another word for it for people who never learn from their own hubris.
Elon Musk Picks a Fight with the Wrong Senator
I was unable to finish "Tipping Point" as it was, in my view, a failed kindergarten-level attempt to explain Chaos, which was done so superbly in 'Chaos: Making a New Science' by James Gleick.

That plus his howler about "Igon Value."

A good storyteller, yes, but that is the limit.
> "Fractional reserve banking" is the thing to look up but, yes.

No, it is not. Relending customers' money hasn't been a thing for decades. Tobin called this the "Old View" in 1963:

* https://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d01/d0...

> Business schools teach that banks obtain deposits and then leverage those deposits ten times or so. This is why we call the modern banking system a fractional reserve banking system. Banks supposedly lend a portion of their reserves. There’s just one problem here: banks are never reserve constrained. Banks are always capital constrained. This can best be seen in countries such as Canada, which has no reserve requirements. Reserves are used for two purposes—to settle payments in the interbank market and to meet the Fed’s reserve requirements. Aside from this, reserves have little impact on the day-to-day lending operations of banks in the United States.

* https://www.pragcap.com/the-basics-of-banking/

> The role of reserves and money in macroeconomics has a long history. Simple textbook treatments of the money multiplier give the quantity of bank reserves a causal role in determining the quantity of money and bank lending and thus the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. This role results from the assumptions that reserve requirements generate a direct and tight linkage between money and reserves and that the central bank controls the money supply by adjusting the quantity of reserves through open market operations. Using data from recent decades, we have demonstrated that this simple textbook link is implausible in the United States for a number of reasons.

* https://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/feds/2010/201041/201041p...
In the context of what they said, pixels are the smallest unit of a display, all you will ever see with your eyes if looking at a display, and they are almost always square.

Having them represented as a circle or diamond wont change the point they were making.
They are a founder with equity. Why? Because they need to support like six kids and their wife doesn't work.
He gets wealth vs status wrong.

Status is nothing but the "bigger guns diplomacy."

Historically, the highest status person has always been the warlord.

Today, the highest status person is arguably also the biggest warlord in the world: the US president.

Wealth on the other hand is made through trade. You can buy a certain amount of status (guns) with that and climb your way up.

But it is always about guns, humans are monkeys after all. And if you have the guns, you can just take wealth from the trades-folk.
Joke's on them, I registered for Klondike-5.
It's not ZFS, but let's check this with btrfs https://github.com/maharmstone/quibble
IOUs i.e. paper money. Transacting in hard currency is tedious and dangerous. A trustworthy bank is an absolutely essential component of anything beyond village-scale commerce.
I'm a college student. Relationships among a lot of young people work differently than they did for previous generations.

For most of us, I think it's generally accepted that unless both parties explicitly say they want to be in a relationship, they aren't in one. Sex by itself means nothing with regard to the actual status of the relationship.

I and a lot of my friends have been in/are in open or semi-open relationships.
Having lived in Germany for 5 years.. I think you hit the nail. Germans don’t like things to change. They like what they have as it makes business predictable and decisions easy. And if that means getting behind… so be it.
I’m currently using OpenBSD as my only operating system on my Thinkpad X1 carbon (gen 7).

Wifi works just fine. I remember that the wifi drivers aren’t part of the base install system for licensing reasons, but they provide a very simple tool that will download it and set it up.

Generally, with openBSD, if something is supported, it is supported correctly. My go to example is that my keyboard backlight controls work even from the tty terminals.

But also, if there is something that the developers don’t think they can support correctly, they don’t hesitate in removing it entirely from the OS. They removed Bluetooth support for example.

It’s not for everyone. But for me, I love the idea that I can trust my primary computing environment because the developers care soo much about the little details.
That’s not how it works, if you are the first ever client in the bank and deposit $100k the bank can go ahead an lend out $1m.
I think much confusion comes from association with the word 'loan'. In reality, a bank 'loan' is actually an extension of credit.

You are indeed 'magically' credited, in an instant, with say $100 of new deposits which is a liability to the bank. Simultaneously the bank gains an asset: your signed promise to pay that $100 or otherwise forfeit equivalent collateral.

A key point here is that this new 'magical' deposit is not the same stuff as cash or reserves. It is confined to that particular institution. Nothing that is being 'magically' created can escape the bank. Only cash and reserves can do that.
Most commercially viable cells use silver front side metallization (or both sides for bifacial).

This represents about 50g/kW net of silver depending on location, but there are methods in the production pipeline to reduce it to 25g/kW. Tandem cells will reduce it to less silver than a control rod uses, but the commercialisationnpathway isn't set in stone yet.

Worst case scenario, we hit silver limits, they get switched to Al front side and efficiencies drop back to 17%
Article is just an okay-quality overview of what you'd learn in the first half of any 3000-level Money & Banking class.
Heat pumps are now mandatory in new homes in Washington State
The avionics in the F-111 are the same as those in the B-1A and F-35: pure gold-plated MIC failed projects at the expense of mere billions of your tax dollars at work. ;) (Sorry: ~2 terabucks in the case of the F-35.) Meanwhile, the A-10, F-16, and F-15 were wildly successful.
Weren't you just asserting expertise on the contents of a solar cell and energy content of generation? How do you not know the relevant terms or name for the dominant variety? Did you even know there were different types before you made up numbers?

Energy payback time. Passive Emitter Rear Contact photovoltaics They're made of sand and a tiny bit of silver. The amount of silver used total is going down per year in spite of production going up, and there are technologies being commercialized to make it use less silver than a nuclear reactor.

Similarly LFP batteries only require a few dozen times as much energy to produce as one charge. Sodium uses even less, only requires abundant materials and is scaling up now. Then there are all of the other storage and load shifting methods.

You'd have to increase uranium mining 5x to meet last year's renewable capacity additions, and 8x for next year's. The mines would make more land uninhabitable than the solar panels would cover (even if they weren't compatible with other land use). Trying to make a puny backwards imitation of a star with a few tiny scraps of left over supernova dust is woefully insufficient. Getting energy directly from the source is the only place there's enough available unless we want massive degrowth.
It is incredibly stupid.
The Community Corrosive Effects of CLAs (2021)
I just realized who you are.

First of all, thanks for the info in this thread - the context is great and helps fill in a bunch of the story that the site glosses over.

Secondly, I’ve been teaching my nephew and niece Smalltalk on the Raspberry Pi thanks to Crosstalk. So I can finally thank you for bringing that port into the world.
Having spent the last few years analysing European startup data, the idea there are "hardly any startups in Europe" does not match my experience. Fewer who seek VC funding, sure.
I do understand what you mean, and in general I agree, but in this specific example making it faster doesn't require "optimizing" anything! If I am understanding correctly the "naive" algorithm here is the fast one, so it takes more effort to make it slow than it does to make it fast.
That would be a much more relevant concern if we were talking about a database or library or something. In this particular case, mold is a linker, and I think people here are dramatically overestimating how likely there are to be security vulnerabilities in a linker or how little work is needed to keep it working at it's current level.
> no longer offered

The title says "charged", not "charges".

Re the per area code, I agree, it was also my first thought, but I can't think of any way the poster could have concisely included that in the title
I promise you, you would've thought Airbnb & Uber were dumb ideas and you would've shorted them.

Uber had to fight an absolutely massive taxi lobbies and what they were doing was illegal in a ton of cities.

With Airbnb, you had hotel lobbies and the idea of letting a stranger come stay in your home didn't seem like it would become a mainstream thing.

Anyway, you've been able to easily short crypto for the last 8 years. Have you shorted any at all?
> business school where you will learn how to deal with notaries and tax authorities

It’s interesting you view business school as that. That seems to basic human interaction skills, interacting with people that are helping you set something up (notary - company) or fulfill your civic duties (tax authorities). In the case of the notary you’re their client, you’re not supposed to know everything, you pay them to figure out stuff for you and help you in the process.
Demo and audience https://youtu.be/-xJZ9I4iqg8
Naval admitted this was a clickbait title. It should read “How to Get Wealth”, which he admits requires luck/timing.

One criticism I have of Naval is he thinks anyone can get wealth.

Overall his material is A+ for anyone with average intelligence.
What is stopping them from just bribing the auditor?
I can’t think of many reasons why a startup should incorporate in Germany sine you can have the company registered in any other EU country and have access to the same common EU market.
In an agricultural society land is everything. As you go down through generations the land is split into smaller plots for the heirs. Some had no option but go into the clergy, or alternate occupation. The industrial revolution opened the doors to lots of folk who otherwise would be completely destitute. Back in those days a merchant "afford" a houseboy or housemaid because people were really poor. The factory, though demanding, boring and dangerous by today's standards was a better alternative to many.
To me it seems like COVID remote work plus whatever this economic condition is called created a perfect environment for outsourcing. Not sure whether it will work out any better than before. But around me and anecdotally from others, there's lots of hiring going on not just the traditional destinations that come to mind but everywhere from Spain to Egypt to South America to Eastern Europe. Even elsewhere in the States. While there are hiring freezes esp on the West coast.
Especially with junior devs. Some teams have few or no junior devs locally. Only a few senior engineers overseeing outsourced coders.
It's particularly satisfying when a design doesn't just account for parasitic elements but uses them to advantage.