skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Incrementality, as defined in my original post, is the sales that would have not occurred, had the ad not occurred.

It is impossible to actually observe what would have happened, had there been no advertisement, because there in fact was an advertisement.

Thus, the estimation of incrementality must be inferred statistically.
I'll bite.

```
>>> (bool)"1";
=> true

>>> (bool)"0";
=> false

>>> (bool)"false"
=> true

```

(there are plenty of other things like that; the default call-by-value is also unexpected)

Also: Laravel has plenty of "magic" ie things are intercepted via runtime reflection and then rerouted into something that hopefully "does-the-right-thing". It obfuscates control flow, causes unexpected side-effects and confuses IDEs and developers alike.

Even the popular frameworks have combinations of subawesome code and silly ideas.
Just the latest example I ran into:

```
int append(string $path, string $data) /* the signature of the Filesystem facade */

/* the implementation in FilesystemAdapter: */

public function append($path, $data, $separator = PHP_EOL)
{
if ($this->fileExists($path)) {
return $this->put($path, $this->get($path).$separator.$data);
}

return $this->put($path, $data);
}

```

- It's not correct as it will add (ffs why?) a newline in between the files.
- Performance wise, this is bloody awful.
- however, you *can* specify the separator in any call as the facade interface is just documentation and is bypassed via reflection (but that confuses your IDE)
> I'm honestly kinda tired of all of these services trying to gobble up any slightly related industry.

Vertical (acquiring as many steps in the supply chain to a business' core business as it can) and horizontal (acquiring as many related or semi-related functions as it can) integration has been the name of the game for as long as businesses were a thing.

One example I like to use is Temple-Inland, that started as a company that made boxes, was acquired into a company that made paper, bought another company that did forestry management, which turned into "we should have a real estate investment arm", and resulted in the country's third-largest mortgage lender in the early 80s.

We can be kinda tired of it all we want to but this is one of those competing interests between customers[0] and companies: the customer wants maximum flexibility for the lowest cost with the broadest range of features; the company wants the fewest costs for the most income with the highest amount of lock-in. Integration tilts the balance towards the companies so they will always pursue it.

0 - As an aside, I don't like calling people "consumers". We are customers; we "consume" service offerings, but (likely) we do so with intent.
This 2.6% figure is real GDP, meaning it's adjusted for inflation. [0]

[0] https://www.bea.gov/news/2022/gross-domestic-product-third-q...
> a shocking number of people getting a large part of their comp in RSUs don't diversify when they vest.

Can confirm. A couple of decades ago I was working at EMC. Back then we got options instead of RSUs, but I basically always cashed out as soon as could and moved the money into other things. I figured I already worked there and had the stock purchase plan and the unvested options, so I didn't need more eggs in that basket. All of my coworkers thought I was crazy ... until I watched many of them ride the stock from $114 down to $3 hoping all along that it would come back up.

I was lucky to have learned the lesson the easy way, but I'm pretty sure they all learned it too. Also pretty sure that many of my former FB colleagues are right now doing exactly the same. Twenty years from now, if HN hasn't collapsed into a black hole of toxicity by then, we'll probably be having the exact same discussion about whatever replaces FB. The wheel keeps turning.
And e.g. eastern Germany build the Berlin wall to hold back the masses of western Germans that also wanted to be lifted out of poverty? /sarcasm off

Or was it the other way around?
I used that from 1996 until the 2010s when some of my favorite RSS feeds refused to load there. I had it in "compact mode" and it was super dense (no images, not much white space) so I could fit 5-10 stories from each feed, plus stock prices.

If anyone here used my yahoo extensively, what is the best replacement now?
> homo sapiens has been around for 300 000 years, but technology only kicked of less than 300 years ago.

I get what you're saying, that _industrial scale_ technology didn't kick off until a few centuries ago. But humans have been pretty technology advanced for a few hundred thousand years, unless you don't consider stone knapping, cooking, and language as technologies.
That's awesome! I wonder if we crossed paths. Are you still in Eg? I've worked with projects at Saqqara and Luxor too, some of it is public and being used for education if it's interesting:

Luxor Temple: https://luxortemple.mused.org/en/guided/178/luxor-temple
Daniele Bolelli has a great podcast on Caravaggio
http://historyonfirepodcast.com/episodes/2016/8/15/episode-1...
Don't worry, population collapse will fix this in another ~20-30 years. You'll get there.
Rather, so few places to store natural gas for ordinary use. Don’t trust journalists to be not dumb.
If China declares war, these ham radio enthusiasts could be crucial
Alternatively, we can also use Kelvins as it shares the same scale as degrees Celsius; however the Kelvin notation doesn't use the degree symbol: 2.5K
And the NLRB punishment will amount to $1000 ?

That govt org has NO teeth. They should be able to bite a billion or 2 for gross violations, and disburse it to EVERY non-management employee and contractor in affiliation with Amazon.

But instead, it's a cost of doing business, and anti-union tactics lives on.
It's a vector format. It's better documented here: https://plasma.ninja/blog/devices/remarkable/binary/format/2... and there's a 3rd party API by the same author at https://github.com/ax3l/lines-are-beautiful

The desktop app has the ability to export to SVG: https://support.remarkable.com/s/article/Exporting-files
Another piece of the puzzle is the big drop in labor productivity lately - https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/OPHNFB. Could the data you mention be explained by workers previously being in jobs where they were unproductive, being laid off but then quickly reabsorbed by the hot labor market into more efficient lines of work?
Lesson learned - it isn't great for retention when you tell employees to leave and make more money. :)
AMAZING! Will try it out on a headset, and show it to kids who have been asking mummy questions.

Thank you so much!
Keyboards, keyboards, everywhere, and not a spot to think
This is inspite of the fed raising the rates. I believe the fed may have missed the boat for a bit but they started raising rates just in time. This economy is resilient and honestly it’s a beautiful thing to see.
Which is so strange and violates two of their three mandates - maximum employment and moderate interest rates.
Now -this- is cool http://uploads.ungrounded.net/tmp/1951000/1951512/file/alter...

the numbers are tracker sequences and bars if anybody's wondering.
Imagine the Kardashians going full influencer for climate change
It's not about cost. I'm privileged enough to not have to worry about a couple dollars one way or the other per month. It's about owning my own photos. It's about knowing that if Google gets some bug up their butt and shuts down my account, I haven't lost every photo I've ever taken of my kids.
Paypal is on a mission to destroy its market value.
The "Maginot Line didn't work" meme is up there with the "The Chevy Nova didn't sell because No Va means Don't Go in Spanish" meme. Stuff I was taught in school by well-meaning teachers who never really verified anything.
It's really about growth rate rather than size.
Online socializing doesn't have to be VR, though. Witness by looking at all of the online socializing that happens today.

Indeed, for many folks that like the idea of online socializing, we like it /because/ it is not necessarily visual.
Yes! And the monetization in this case isn’t display ads but rather charging businesses for communicating with their customers.
Because with (Unicode) strings, "\u006e\u0303" is defined to be equal to "\u00f1", for example. If you'd do bytewise comparison, as the above comment suggested, you may not reach the same result ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
Then 1.5Ki should be 1536.
> It is impossible to actually observe what would have happened, had there been no advertisement, because there in fact was an advertisement.

I can see how you would have that perspective as a third-party analyst of conversion.

It's actually easy to do if you are the exchange/sell-side provider of the advertising space. In your logic, where the advertiser requesting the incrementality study would have won the auction, just randomly remove their bid from some won auctions, have the second highest bidder win, and then track that user as the "control" for conversion purposes vs. users you did display the ad to. Voilà!

This is how Google in-house incrementality studies are run, for instance.
Discourse is open source
Eh wasn't that big pre 1.0 and that was 2015. I feel like it was 2017 or 2018 before it was on my radar so much I needed to assess it for myself.
This is worth noting:

> "One thing Woods didn’t cut was Exxon’s dividend, which is the third-largest in the S&P 500 and costs $15 billion a year. Employees recall the justification as basically this: A large portion of Exxon’s shareholder base comprised retail investors who relied on the dividend for income. “There might be many good business reasons to keep it, but don’t pretend to care about Grandma and her dividend when you’ve just fired thousands of employees,” says one former employee who quit in 2021 after more than a decade at Exxon."

This really points to a fundamental feature of the modern American economy - it is financialized to an unprecedented degree relative to the 20th century. The real power sits with the shareholders more than with industry.

This dividend issue also explains why the USA, which is also something of a petro-state (currently being the worlds largest fossil fuel producer since fracking took off), isn't really interested in developoing renewable energy. Renewable energy would destroy that whole market, and wouldn't replace those dividends.

This isn't too hard to understand, though some deliberately seem to avoid thinking about it. Renewable energy is mostly durable goods - solar panels, wind turbines, batteries and other storage systems. Electric vehicles powered by solar panels are a nice simple model - i.e., no fuel sales. This is offset a little bit by selling electricity over the power grid, and synthetic fuel production from air and water is another source of continual revenue (international jet travel requires this, in the absence of fossil fuels) - but make no mistake, those dividend payouts from continual sales at the pump over the lifetime of an internal-combustion vehicle will wither and die as renewable energy takes over.

All in all, I think that's why the Wall Street investment banks like Blackrock etc. are not moving investments out of fossil fuels and into renewables - all they'll see from that is a steep drop in profits.

Incidentally, this is not strictly a problem with investment capitalism - all countries that export fossil fuels face this economic dead end, be it socialist Venezuela, authoritarian Iran, capitalist America, etc. This is also why the main leaders in renewable manufacturing are places like China, Germany and Japan, which have no such resources (or only dirty coal).
Look for Levi's with 100% cotton (well really like 60/40 cotton/hemp), or 99% cotton. These last far longer. All this stupid stretchy synthetic fabric wears out differently than natural fibers and then jeans start to fall apart. The all natural ones feel more stiff at first, but they break in and are super comfortable.

I just shopped at the Levi's store at the mall in San Jose, and the jeans I mentioned were hidden on bottom shelves under all of the horrible synthetic crap. The good stuff is there, you just have to look for it.
That would be very easy if we didn't benefit greatly from burning coal
Since we've asked you many times to stop posting flamebait and you're still doing it, I've banned the account. It's not what this site is for, and it destroys what it is for.

If you don't want to be banned, you're welcome to email hn@ycombinator.com and give us reason to believe that you'll follow the rules in the future. They're here: https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html.
I had to pay 800 euros last month for home energy on my variable contract in Amsterdam. Insane.
I’ve heard it was favourite language of Ada Lovelace.
I think this depends a lot on how you are wired. Not everyone thinks of their job as their identity (some certainly do). Some people would just do the job for the lots of money/security and do something more meaningful in their spare time.
Yes and no. Reagan was the governor of California, so had previous political experience. And he had been president of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) in the late 40s / early 50s, so he had a history of representing other people's interests.

I think it's clear the worst enemy of a leader is themselves... or the state system they are supporting. States (and businesses for that matter) are optimized for the present. As the world changes, the state (or party, or business, or ...) becomes less efficient. Political organizations have the drawback that they enforce public fealty to "the official party line" so you can never tell with certainty who does and who doesn't see the world through lenses crafted to view an older world.

Political "realities" from 50 years ago no longer hold. Republicans from the 70s would not recognize the current party. Largely true of the Democrats as well. Half-way true if you look 20 years ago.
Yes, the Russia aggression threw a wrench into every replacement project out there.

But there are always two options to speed-up the process, you can make fossil fuels artificially expensive, or renewables artificially cheap.
Someone lost their hat to the right of the entrance.

I was clicking around for quite a while before I realized I could use WASD+arrows.
Why is hydroelectricity unfashionable?
It works well as an e-reader if you're loading it with PDFs. If you're loading it with ePubs, it converts these to PDF behind the scenes, but the internal converter is terrible (although it has improved). It also has a very peculiar/frustrating way of highlighting text; if you're trying to highlight a paragraph, usually at least one of the lines won't "snap" to the text and you'll have to hit undo and try again.

You can install koreader or plato on it, which turns it into more of a traditional ereader, with good ePub support. But occasionally you'll have to reinstall the launcher you use, because there is no officially supported launcher and the option to disable updates doesn't always work.

I wouldn't personally recommend an RM2 as an ereader; there are better options.
Nope, I agree. USB-C seems fragile as hell.
You just need the data on who does (and by extension, doesn't) see the ad, as well as the shopping behavior of those same people. Both of which can be had by someone who isn't supplying the ad space or the exchange.
> And all because Apple refused to play ball and just adopt USB-C like the rest of the industry.

History lesson: Apple worked with the USB-IF to create USB-C, to make sure it met their needs for both USB and Thunderbolt. They were the first to put USB-C on a laptop, the 12" MacBook in the spring of 2015 — an amazing feat considering that the spec was just finalized in the fall of 2014. They were also the first company to release a laptop with just one USB-C port for power/expansion.

Lightning was pre-USB-C. When it was introduced, Apple committed to support for 10 years.

If you want to invent a conspiracy theory that makes Apple look bad, here it is: If Apple would've switched to USB-C without an EU mandate, they would've received mountains of bad press about the unprecedented amount of e-waste and confusion that will result because of this switch. So they pressured the EU to mandate the change to a standard that Apple helped pioneer so that Apple's environmentally-friendly record would remain unblemished.
Making things legible to the state is one of the ever going projects of any state. So while I think it’s important to make sure that refusal to participate in one of these projects doesn’t preclude you from still receiving the services of the state, it’s also isn’t surprising that the state wants to make its constituents more legible to itself. The balance falls in figuring out how to firewall these different functions to prevent certain kinds of identity from making it so you can’t receive the services that are the whole reason why you have a state.
Did the fed actually say this? There were a bunch of investment bankers who did, and it seems like everyone else ran with the narrative. I haven't seen that the fed actually said it. I think all the fed cares about is bringing down inflation, but if the primary factors in inflation are supply related then unemployment doesn't have to go up for inflation to come down.
Thanks for the feedback! Didn't know if people would like this. If this is interesting, and you'd like to learn more about Ancient Egypt, here are a few more sites that I've worked at:

Luxor Temple: https://luxortemple.mused.org/en/guided/178/luxor-temple
Tomb of Queen Meresankh III at Giza: https://giza.mused.org/en/guided/4/tomb-of-queen-meresankh-i...

I've mostly been working around the Mediterranean, Central America, and Eastern Asia. I'll publish articles on our blog as the next come out in the future https://blog.mused.org/
As someone who could potentially be killed by one of Elon's homicidemobiles, I would very much prefer if vehicles that are more deadly than those driven by humans would not drive in places where they could potentially kill me.
Blockchain Node Engine: fully managed node-host for Web3 development
https://hookrace.net/time.gif returning 503 for me now
Which works not just to preserve the previous statement from internal inconsistency, but also in regards to the incredibly useful Rule of Three (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_three_(computer_prog...).
Real-time dialogue between experimenters and dreamers during REM sleep (2021)
In the US? Prices from 2011-2016 or so were not that bad, and were lower than 2006 in many cities.
I tried to write a PowerShell script to recursively scan and find files/folders older than a certain date, but kept hitting problems with the length of the path/filenames. As a complete PowerShell noob, I'm sure I was trying to do it the wrong way, but after a few attempts, I gave up and install cygwin instead.
Everything is politics to only those who want it to be and love arguing to feel superior.
They just lowered the cost of the cloud features and added more to the free tier. As someone who struggles with focus, the exact negative you cite is a positive to me. Reading a PDF and marking it right on the device, or reading a physical document and taking notes is great. It is also very nice for me during meetings and conferences. I find that my recollection is better by writing than by typing, with a much more "in the moment" focus.
> This scheme implies you trust this distributor not to make copies of the key for himself (queue sauron references...). I've wondered if there's a scheme that does NOT trust the distributor of the key.

What you describe still trusts the distributor - you just found a way to make the distributor easy to trust. I'd be more interested in a mechanism that is mathematically correct, like some of the papers referenced elsewhere in this thread.
No one has experience with modern peer war on high end platforms. IMO tech+doctorine sufficiently unknow that training + resources better proxy than fighting wars with 3rd world insurgents. Fact is US is using F35s for J20 agressor squadron vs F18s for SU57. Meanwhile USN reluctantly admit PRC antiship tests hit moving targets and host of dramatic US modernization efforts suggest PRC capabilites are real and commiserate with PRCs science+industrial base. But as for how well prepared TW is relative to PRC, that's more or less known. There isn't 4d chess behind ROCAFs current dismal state and overall profound unseriousness at adopting porcupine concept that's causing Pentagon consternation. But yes, not needing to find out is best.
Author here. This is the major drawback of this approach. Since I'm tuning the sound tone by adjusting the playback rate, what algorithm the browser uses for up and down sampling is a major aspect of how playback sounds that I have no control over. I think one browser uses nearest neighbour and the other uses linear interpolation (I forget which uses which). Ironically, NN is more accurate in terms of sounding like an Amiga
The difference between data, information and knowledge
wdym crack? as in jailbreak
My point was it would likely look more like existing software today than the cartoonish, futuristic vision of Facebook's metaverse. My guess is a bunch of flat panels much like our computer screens with a web browser, or VS Code or Excel.

The other comment here makes good points about the tech needed to power such devices though. Unless there's some sort of breakthrough maybe VR will remain for gaming and other niche applications.
I'm assuming this was rhetorical, but since I imagine there are plenty of people who don't actually know:

Kube is a descendant of Borg, and for those who don't know that's Google's internal container management solution. General web services are a little more muddy but most of the top frameworks and services are the conception of devs either in or formerly from FAANG/MAANG/ACRONYM whatever.

Like there's still a reason having those names on your resume is used as signal in a lot of places. It doesn't always mean the dev is the best thing since sliced bread, but I get why people use it as signal.
Yeah, it's all encrypted and immutably backed up to rsync.net at 1am every night. Gimme some credit. ;)
They are technologies that don't matter at all from a "Fermi paradox" perspective, though.
Yes, but a good laptop cooler fan is better. The Peltier cooler also has a fan so isn't silent but certainly quieter. I use it propped up at a high angle (with external keyboard) which has a good display height and natural convection cooling.
But even those non-tech people should have some USB-C cables lying around at this point

Android phones have used USB-C cables for many years. The Nintendo switch and PS5 controllers use USB-C cables. Chromebooks use USB-C cables. The alarm clock I just bought uses a USB-C cable. My keyboard uses a USB-C cable. Every MacBook made in the last five years (and most iPads sold in the last couple years) uses a USB-C cable.

It's very possible, if they're nontechnical, that they already have cables that will work with it and don't even realize it (which to be fair might be its own problem, but it's certainly a smaller problem)
This is a little confused.

Matrix multiplication is defined as follows: if A is an m x n matrix and B is an n x p matrix, then the (i, j)th entry of C = AB is:

\sum_{k=1}^p A_{ik} B_{kj}

This definition works whether you think of a column vector as a vector and a row vector as a linear functional or vice versa.

How you interpret "what's happening" (whether you're expanding in a basis or taking dot products with basis vectors) depends on how you interpret the rows and columns of a matrix, regardless of the "orientation".
Consider yourself heard, I removed the need to sign up

Please, if you are able, contribute and share your rate data! It won’t work unless people are transparent.