skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Superpositions and probabilistic mixtures are two different ways to combine |0> and |1>.

The superposition a|0> + b|1> describes a linear combination of the two solutions |0> and |1> to some differential equation, but there is no notion of "mixture". A good analogy to understand superpositions is the solutions to simple harmonic motion (like mass attached to a spring). If you start the system from stretched state and zero velocity, it will oscillate like cos(ωt). If instead you give it a "kick" at zero displacement, it will oscillate like sin(ωt). Since any other combination is possible (e.g. kick while stretching), the most general solution to the equation of motion of the mass spring system is acos(ωt) + bsin(ωt), where a and b are the amplitudes. In practice we usually write acos(ωt) + bsin(ωt), so there is nothing "fancy" going on for superpositions: they are just linear combinations of the possible states. (You don't hear anyone talking about a mass-spring system oscillating like cos and like sin at the same time, do you?)

Off topic note for completeness: in physics class we rewrite acos(ωt) + bsin(ωt) as A*cos(ωt-φ), but it's the so you don't see the cos and sin separately, but they are there.

As for "mixtures" those represent our state of knowledge, or rather ignorance. The mixture of 50% |0> and 50% |1> is represented as a density matrix, which has the same "statistics" under measurement. It's hard to do matrices in plain text so I'll cut if off here... but you can look it up.
Google datacenter contractors claim 'retaliation' for talking workers' rights
FWIW that statement isn't very meaningful without more context. 20% performance boost could easily be worth many multiples of 2.4x the cost.

They only directly compare (240% vs. 20%) if their initial values are the same.
> A uniform float in the range [0, 1) has exactly 2^53 possible values (if you generate it in any sensible way).

No, there are 2^62 - 2^52 float64 values in [0, 1), so your method (which I assume is to fix the exponent at 0, randomize mantissa so we get 1.abcdef... and subtract 1) can't possible be sensible, if your sense of sensibility includes correctness.

First note that the only correct way to generate a floating point in [a, b] is to generate a random number in [a, b] with infinite precision and then round it to the closest floating point number in that range. This maintains all the nice properties of real uniform generation (assuming a, b are representable floating point numbers), expectation of (a + b) / 2, continuity of ranges such that generating U[a, c] is the same as choosing between U[a, b] and U[b, c] with weights (b-a) and (c-b) respectively, etc, while having an non-zero chance of generating any floating point value in [a, b].

An efficient algorithm for generating a float in [0, 1] is described in "Generating Pseudo-random Floating-Point Values" by Allen B. Downey. Correctly implemented it uses a handful of instructions and single call to the word-sized random number generator > 99% of the time, using a count-trailing-zeros (or similar) CPU instruction to efficiently sample from an exponential distribution (as opposed to the naive loop in the paper).

Note that the mathematical distributions U[0, 1) and U[0, 1] are indistinguishable. So when we say "a uniform float in the range [0, 1)" we can't possibly mean U[0, 1). What we mean in reality is something that approximates U[0, 1] but can't generate the floating point value 1.0. One decent way to do that is to sample from U[0, 1] but reject the 1.0 output. This effectively samples from U[0, 1 - eps] where eps = (1 - floatbefore(1.0)) / 2.

This unfortunately does mean we lose our nice expectation of 0.5. Note that the error in expectation for sampling from [1, 2) using strictly mantissa and subtracting 1 is significantly worse. For example in a 2-bit exponent 2-bit mantissa unsigned floating point with exponent bias -1 (giving the following list of values)

0.0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.375, 0.5, 0.625, 0.75, 0.875, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5

we find that sampling using Allen B. Downey's method from [0.0, 1.0] but rejecting 1.0 as output has an expectation of 0.46875, sampling uniformly from {1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75} and subtracting 1 like the mantissa method would have an expectation of 0.375.
> those numbers are the highest margins I have ever seen ?

It’s not unusual to see 70%+ margins in software products.
Very few US VCs will/can invest in non-US companies at the seed stage.
How well has that worked out for the DUP though?
Yep, that's what a process technology advantage is worth. Intel's margins were consistently mid/low 60s when their fabs made the best silicon.
If you would be relieved if anyone quit, fire them TODAY.
I actually VS Code as my "general text editor", but not IDE which is relegated to VS still. Notepad++ is what I use for anything big enough for Code to croak on, which is not very big, tens of MB or so and more.
I love good, careful studies of performance bottlenecks in systems with lots of moving parts (input coding style, compiler analyses, compiler optimizer and the interactions between scalar and vector sides, hardware implementation). It can be really interesting to find out what counterintuitive or unintended interactions there are. I think it's a real service to the community to publish these kinds of studies, so everyone gets the benefit of the analysis.
Have you tried disabling extensions in VSC? It normally starts quickly so if you’re otherwise happy with it I would try that first.
Since Jews can refer to people who's religion is Judaism, I'm not sure it is racist. He'd have to specifically target people based on origin to be racist.
I have a bookmark done with below text. I use it more like whiteboard in Zoom calls than a note-taker. But it's fast and clean.

data:text/html, <html contenteditable>
I am also interested in hearing your opinion on this, especially since you are one of the creators of Stencil.

We jumped into stencil with the idea that web components are the future and that we'd be able to build once and use across multiple frameworks. The latter has been true, but challenging (mainly due to react's quirks) but the former is what worries me.

I can see this trend of moving away of SPA and into highly optimized SSR techniques, like Qwik's resumability, but they contradict the "cross-framework", "use the platform" nature of web components.

For example, is there any way for the Qwik compiler to know if a 3rd party custom-element is interactive and determine when or if it needs to send down the custom element definition?
SciTE [0] does have good syntax highlighting for many languages.

It does struggle with very large files, though.

[0] (better link) https://www.scintilla.org/SciTEDownload.html
Correct. It was always something like PRINT "HELLO. I AM YOUR NEW TRS-80 MICROCOMPUTER [0] or PRINT "HI, I'M YOUR NEW COLOR COMPUTER" [1]

[0] https://archive.org/details/TRS80ModelIPreliminaryUsersManua...

[1] https://ia801905.us.archive.org/30/items/Getting_Started_wit...
Its important to note "WeChat" was successful in China, which is not a democracy. State was already monitoring citizens every activity. Public knew about it. This is not a big deal for the public to combine real identity with sharing opinions. Anyway the are restricted by the govt.

This is not the case in democratic countries. Most people treat financial transactions and public opinion as separate entities. Commenting on amazon is way different than commenting on twitter. Integrating twitter with banking account is not going to be successful.
> 20% performance boost could easily be worth many multiples of 2.4x the cost.

clearly not the case for iphone 14. people are not buying new iphone just because it is 20% faster than iphone 13.
The real question is how is this a legitimate business? Literally just providing GIS data that is publically available for a fee? BRB quitting my job to make money doing nothing and separating idiots from their money.
Yes, this was a big change and quite a shock for anyone expecting to be able to use the docs to learn d3 for use in traditional web apps, the way they used to use the d3 docs.

Personally I think what happened is that the DOM-manipulating and animation parts of d3 (but not the utility libraries) became existentially threatened by the rise of the component-based reactive JS frameworks, and the d3 authors made the reasonable decision to accept that, explicitly target a data science and academic audience, and create a for-profit company aligned with it. Maintaining docs targeting both use cases would have been expensive, and would have threatened the quality of the docs associated with their primary focus (observable), so they made the decision to accept that the docs would now be quite awkward for the traditional web app use case.
Ask HN: What is better text editor than Sublime Text?
I sincerely envy you
“ Take boots, for example. He earned thirty-eight dollars a month plus allowances. A really good pair of leather boots cost fifty dollars. But an affordable pair of boots, which were sort of OK for a season or two and then leaked like hell when the cardboard gave out, cost about ten dollars. Those were the kind of boots Vimes always bought, and wore until the soles were so thin that he could tell where he was in Ankh-Morpork on a foggy night by the feel of the cobbles. But the thing was that good boots lasted for years and years. A man who could afford fifty dollars had a pair of boots that'd still be keeping his feet dry in ten years' time, while a poor man who could only afford cheap boots would have spent a hundred dollars on boots in the same time and would still have wet feet. ”
i mean the wafers for N4 are smaller so the yields are smaller and in the end it costs more. Also Apple doesnt do small chips or chiplets so some silicon they make is really big. Big die = smaller yields.
They didn't necessarily "choose communities to represent". As the maintainer and author of various open source libraries and tools that are used by many thousands, in most cases it's just that ... I'm one of the few willing to spend the time on it, and it's usually useful for myself as well. I don't really "represent" any community or anyone.

That said, I certainly wouldn't have put in this change myself, because I wouldn't like to inconvenience anyone. But that's just basic good manners that you should have in every-day life to random strangers.
> Conversely, letting them vest will send a message that this behavior is tolerated.

These are colleagues not children. Using threats will not have a good effect.

Also OP seems to have been tolerating their behavior, which sends the message that behavior will be tolerated. This is the right message to send as well.

We (and possible OP) don't know what the employee was going through, giving them lots of slack and support shows to the other employees that they will be supported. As well as just being a good thing to do, it will improve employee retention, effort, buy in to the company etc.
> The Patriot Act got extended without fuss because it had lots of bipartisan support

It wasn’t bipartisan. Witness what happened when Max Cleland - a senator who loss three limbs in Vietnam - was accused of being “unpatriotic” for not supporting the Iraq War

https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2004-08-02-04080201...
> Summary: If energy is free and doesn't impact anything then of course you would want to use more of it.

I'm not convinced if this is always the case. I'm sure this is already a topic of interest in psychology but I guess that unless there is a reward for using the energy there wouldn't be consumption on the individual level.

As I'm writing this my CPU is at 2% and GPU at 1% utilization. I'm not actively looking for ways to utilize this even though it's (for the sake of argument) free.
Cool, good to know. I know threads are a limiting factor, but sometimes people jump into async while the problem is somewhere else
‘Despite feedback’. Was that feedback clearly given in a sit down? With more than 4eyes present? Confirmed afterwards in writing to the employee, in a clearly worded ‘here is what we discussed’ email, stating behavior and output has to be stepped up? If ever it came to a discussion be it personally or even legally, do you have a track record to prove to yourself you did enough to warn him? If yes, then let him go. If it’s ambiguous, I would reconsider, from a legal and personal pov. Depending on the amount of vesting after this cliff, it might be worth it to let him go w some of the shares two months from now, and take your loss (moment of learning) for not resolving this in a more timely manner, and be more on top of it with other employees.
Not when the command in question has been a standard part of all Unix shell environments since 1977, no. Is that a serious question?

https://medium.com/@rualthanzauva/grep-was-a-private-command...

What actually happened here is that POSIX skipped it. It never entered a standard, even though it was (literally!) in every OS and available to everyone. But no one cared that it wasn't in some arbitrary standard, because it was always there. For half a century!

I dare say that "fgrep" and "egrep" have more active users (both interactive and scripted) than "awk" or "ed" or "od" or "bc", all of which are still around.
Yeah, from what I understand real estate values in Toronto don't depend much on cosy shops in streets, or what's in the streets at all.
If you want GUI and a working and extensive syntax highlighting, your options boil down to Scintilla-based editors, which means Notepad++, Geany[0], TextAdept[1] or Notepad3[2].

There's also lite-xl[3] and CudaText[4], which are not based on Scintilla. Lapce[5] also looks promising, although it's slightly stretching the "light" condition.

For years, AkelPad[6] was considered to be the best substitute for the bundled Notepad, but it hasn't been updated in a while, although it still works absolutely fine in that role.

For the console, Helix[7], Micro[8], Moe[9] are all possible options which will work in cmd.exe out-of-the box.

Regarding vim/nvim - I had some issues with plugin-heavy configs running on top of Cygwin, but YMMV.

0. https://www.geany.org/download/releases

1. https://github.com/orbitalquark/textadept/releases

2. https://github.com/rizonesoft/Notepad3

3. https://github.com/lite-xl/lite-xl/releases

4. https://cudatext.github.io/download.html

5. https://github.com/lapce/lapce/releases

6. https://akelpad.sourceforge.net/en/download.php

7. https://github.com/helix-editor/helix/releases

8. https://github.com/zyedidia/micro

9. https://github.com/fox0430/moe/releases
Microsoft Office branding being (mostly) ditched in favor of Microsoft 365
Great business but even the current valuation I don’t think a potential invasion of Taiwan is priced in the stock.
> Wikipedia adding its own paid tier.

Wikipedia does have a paid tier! It's a way that very large companies which consume Wikipedia data can query it more efficiently: https://enterprise.wikimedia.com https://www.theverge.com/2022/6/22/23178245/google-paying-wi...
I personally know several 1000+ GitHub projects where the author is a hugee stoner. A non trivial amount of code from WFH engineers is written while they are blazed.
> What happens if they would fail?

Meaning what? The factory gets destroyed? A competitor appears? Labor costs rise? Demand falls?

So long as the world economy is dependent on the TSMC, a CCP invasion seems unlikely if that's what you mean. The profitability isn't the clearest way to measure that. It could fall for a number of reasons without the geopolitical context changing.
I use egrep and fgrep regularly. I guess I am just getting too old for GNU.
No way this OS could have worked, html+js based OS on a resource constrained device is the stupidest idea ever, reminds me of the java based blackberry OS, a shit show

What's the most popular mobile OS? and what they created to power their interface and to gradually replace their old toolkit? yeah, it's not a html+js based OS ;)

If they ever want to revive Firefox OS, they'll need a better frontend story
What's the US Dollar used in that type of document ? Nominal US Dollar or some inflation-adjusted value like 1990 US Dollar ?
TSMC don't sell software products
Ask HN: Primary Google calendar data getting shared without my consent
Hi,

I recently saw that in the "Share with specific people" settings of my primary Google calendar, it says I'm sharing all my private event data with my mom. I tried to remove her but she reappears every time I refresh the page.

I tried moving all my events to a new calendar (within google calendar), but on android, new events still automatically get added to the primary calendar.

Is there anything I can do to fix this except switch to a completely new app/infrastructure? In this case, does anyone have any recommendations?
Funny, I've never ever used egrep or fgrep in the 20 odd years I've been operating systems, always preferred explicit flags to aliases or argv[0] evil.
Test a few out and see what fits with your needs from a text editor.
I recently started playing "Shards of Britannia" - a Legends of Aria Community server. I am loving it.

It plays exactly like UO at its core, with some new frosting layered on.

Most importantly, you get that UO experience with a nice fresh GUI.

https://shardsofbritannia.com/
for iphone it doesnt matter I would still got for discounted 13 rather than 14 as you gain mainly GPU core which changes not much. But for things like Macbooks smaller process means a lost, less energy used means less heat and less issues with throttling etc. This is big for MAcs but less so for ipads and iphones.
Is this what people mean when they say “UBI is impossible?”

I think we will need some realistic experiments to gather evidence as, obviously I think, UBI can’t be rolled out in a country of hundreds of millions without evidence of success. Or at least evidence of no or minimal harm.
If it truly is under a month before vest, I’m sorry, but you need to pay it out. If the behavior is so egregious/borderline criminal/a legitimate HR crisis (think Andy Rubin stuff), that’s one thing. But being a poor performer and a bad fit, to me, isn’t enough of a reason to hold back someone’s vest at this stage.

The reality is, you should have fired this person months ago. You didn’t, for whatever reason, and that’s ultimately on you as the founder. That is your fault. Punishing someone who took a risk of joining your team early, even if you’re unhappy with their performance, by cutting their vest seems ridiculously petty and to me, is a sign of a bad manager.

Given the nature of startup options, it is likely the vest amount both won’t be substantial in the long run (if your company succeeds, you’ll raise further rounds that dilute early employee options) or, candidly, that none of this will matter at all because there will be nothing to vest.

This isn’t a co-founder. This is one of your first hires. You made a bad one. It happens. The time to fire pre-vesting was months ago. Taking away the vest mere weeks before it happens is something you would never do to an executive on your team if you were more established. Why would you do it for someone you made the poor decision of not just hiring, but keeping around long after it was clear their hiring was a mistake?

Pay it out. It’s a small thing in the grand scheme of things and hopefully can be a lesson to fire faster in the future when you bring on the wrong people.
If I had been woken up in the middle of the night or had a vacation interrupted on account of this, I would not be entertaining warm and grateful thoughts toward whoever thought it was a good idea.
DEFCON 3 would not be a threat. DEFCON levels are more amount defense than anything.
> On the first point the author only gives hypothetical examples

I have scripts everywhere, some of them 20 years old or more, that use fgrep. For years and years it was a "best practice" thing if you were checking for a fixed string (so that you didn't accidentally match on a "." or whatever by forgetting it was a regex).
My understanding is that the new Rust coalescing will make the situation on-par with the new go driver. However, in the second part of the blog there is a no-coalescing test where go is still faster and allocates less memory. I'm sure that the Rust driver can get there too
That's a partial accounting.

The customer can sustainably afford to pay in proportion to the value it delivers to them, not TSMC.

Apple has a finely tuned machine for turning performance into profits, and so can afford to pay more than others... and still have it make sense for Apple.

If TSMC instead had a collection of automotive OEMs as their top-tier customers, this math wouldn't work.

The point being... be in a business where your profit margins are a rounding error in comparison to your customers' bill of materials, and you won't ever go hungry.
If I worked at your company and saw that you were firing people right before vest, rightly or wrongly, I’d assume worst case that’s a possibility you’re maliciously doing it and would probably jump ship.

Additionally, if asked by friends in the industry why I left, I’d be honest about the experience.
That tracking pixel thing. (Actually this even has benefits: it is used for a delivered/read status tracking.) And when our team-mates started using Spark, I found their UI more clear, than Spike.
I have nothing else against Spike.
eBay develop Marko and use it for their pages.
This talk between a Qwik team member and a Marco team member explains the differences a lot better than what i can https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7XR5-qDhqGY
The idea of a hypothetical unrestricted market that would exist if not for unions or other such groups is a false premise, because the economic environment also has very specific material and societal conditions attached to it, most of which favor the employer.

A capital owner can lobby, make use of the legal system, concentrate power and strategy, create oligopolies, hire enforcers, all at a scale unimaginable to the individual worker. The latter is pressured by survival in the present, and has their bargaining power diffused across their group.

It's not plausible to claim that these industries died because of unions. Do you sincerely believe that jobs would not have been delocalized to far cheaper countries in either case?

Even if we take the argument at face value, and claim that the rent-seeking is real and not just one of the only methods available to tip back the scales for the workers, it's really nothing compared to the rent extraction by the owners. Why do you think they fund think tanks and parts of the media, respond so forcefully to unionization efforts, and constantly try to focus the attention of workers against other workers?
I agree SMS is a terrible standard in terms of privacy/security but as I do live in North America and frequency communicate with iphone users (and Android users but they don't have "green bubble syndrome") that have no intention of using Signal I need an SMS app. Back when it was TextSecure I had separate apps and really detested it since I only knew one other person with TS so it was basically my app to talk to him. Now I'm going back to that model except I maybe have 3 contacts that I talk to regularly that use Signal. That's hardly worth it.
Not many of them are willing to invest in EU startups at early stage - a lot explicitly say they invest in NA only, and I assume a lot of them just don't want the legal difficulties - also it's much harder to get warm intros to US investors if most of your network is based in Europe, and logistics to do a in-person meeting are way harder if somebody is on the other side of the world.
Their stock is falling because of future demand issues coming up with the whole semiconductor industry. Just this week, expanded export bans to China were announced and are an uncertainty on how much volume will be impacted in the future, because no one knows what will get an exemption or not.