skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
People need to study more why that gaping face became a trick to the algorithm. It's certainly (I hope) not functioning adults that are so easily tricked by it? I suspect a large amount of what drives the algorithm is young impressionable kids and that basically dictates the trend for the rest of us.
This is nonsense. Poland is a NATO member state. If Warsaw was attacked by Russia, it would trigger article 5 of the treaty, effectively declaring war on all member states. If the attack was carried out with a nuclear weapon, there would likely be a retaliatory strike. Voila, WW3.

Furthermore, however insane any leader of a nuclear power may be, I just got to believe there are competent, clear-headed people in the chain of command who would refuse to follow suicidal orders while not under immediate attack themselves.
We can ignore any claims from Ukraine itself if you want because a independent report by the UN says the same thing.

https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2022/09/update-chair-ind...

ill quote it for you.

"The Commission has documented cases in which children have been raped, tortured, and unlawfully confined. Children have also been killed and injured in indiscriminate attacks with explosive weapons. The exposure to repeated explosions, crimes, forced displacement and separation from family members deeply affected their well-being and mental health.".
I have a huge collection of my father's photo collection (about 10000 images on negatives and positives). He is photographer (as I'm) so there should be easthetic value too. We have Epson 850 Pro for digitalisation but it is incredibly time consuming, so actually expensive if done in free time.
That sounds like a great extension, but at the same time I just block those channels that engage in that. None of them make any content worth consuming.
Inference or training? I think with full training you are out of luck with CPUs, the gap is much bigger. 64c TR could only get to roughly 1TFlops.
It'd be fairer to point out that neither Truss nor Sunak were "elected" (or not) in any normal democratic sense.

The former PM resigned due to scandal and Truss is a drop in replacement "elected" by a tiny tiny number of elites isolated from the public at large.
It's nice to see my local university on HN.

Here's their article on the matter:

https://www.bangor.ac.uk/news/09/finding-the-ship-that-sent-...
If any Figma are interested in an alternative, try the free & open source alternative Penpot (https://penpot.app/). I like it and the team behind it (Kaleidos) always does great work (I love their JIRA alternative Taiga to bits).
being an old bjj black belt (4th degree), I loved to see it here. I'm training bjj/grappling for more than 30 years right now. I'm 40, and started it when I was 10. I did the math and I drink around 6mg-8mg/kg/day. My question is regarding the caffeine tolerance. Should I reset it from time to time? Never did it, but I'm curious if it exists and its necessary or if that's just a myth.

OSS
Ask HN: What's the difference between a specification and an implementation?
I'm a developer trying to learn more about formal methods.

I don't understand the precise difference between a specification and an implementation.

For example, in this video about formal verification [1], the person gives a recursive definition of Fibonacci as the specification:

function Fib(n: nat): nat {
if n < 2 then n else Fib(n-2) + Fib(n-1)
}

And then they proceed to implement it with a loop, to make it actually fast and usable.

My question is now: What exactly makes the above a specification? Isn't this just another implementation (a very slow one)?

Is every specification also an implementation? Is every implementation also a specification?

From my current understanding (which is probably wrong) the answer is Yes for both.

You could say they are not the same, because specifications don't have to be complete. But to that I'd answer: many implementations are also not complete, i.e. they have undefined behavior. Isn't a specification just another implementation at a higher level of abstraction?

I just don't understand what the formal difference between the two is.

[1] Basics of specification and verification: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0FGb6PyO_k&t=574s
I don't think that this is a real problem. There's nothing stopping you from downloading a video and emailing it to a few friends, but there's no viable alternative to YouTube as a video distribution platform. If you wanted to take a lot of videos from YouTube premium and share them all with the world without having to worry about bandwidth costs, what are your options?

Torrenting is the only real solution that comes to my mind, but that only works for the most in demand media. If you want the long tail, then as I see it, YouTube's (or similarly Facebook's) infrastructure offers the only viable solution, and there's no alternative to paying them for maintaining this infrastructure, either via ads, or via a subscription.
Is it only about fairness though? In US (don't know about UK) the top 1% held 32% of wealth last year. Is that fair?
The markets want to know that the UK can pay off it's debt. The government announced a massive spending package along with massive cuts to tax revenue. As well as this, they did it without the normal independent analysis on the impact, and have signalled they don't think they need to worry about the UK balancing it's budget in the short term. So the markets don't think the UK will be able to pay off its debt because the government announced plans that will cause it not to be able to pay its debt. Simple as that.

Normally left wing governments are punished because they increase spending without increasing tax revenue - causing unsustainable debt. The UK has done the right wing equivalent - they decreased tax revenue without decreasing spending - causing unsustainable debt.
Simpler times in games programming – coding practices in 1991 (2008)
Many people make this point, but very few are willing to defend their views with some good old pragmatism. In the nature of HN, let's have a go at that, shall we?

1. Who works harder, an office worker working for 7.5 hours or a nurse who works for 12+ hours?

2. Who works harder, a person who works 37.5 hours in an office, or someone who works 80 hours a week, founding a company?

3. Who has worked harder to get where they are, an office worker who spent 6 months getting an NVQ in Microsoft Office or a nurse who spent 4-5 years getting a degree in nursing?

4. Who takes more risks, a person who works 37.5 hours in an office or a founder who puts their own capital in to try and create a company?

5. Which brings more value to a community, a person who is employed, or a person who employs people?
I’m sure the prison industry won’t attempt to lengthen their stay due to financial incentives… /s
I always love seeing Brian Goetz’s articles, they explain the problem succinctly and they do a great job of validating their approach, showing the shortcomings of alternatives.

I especially like the language team’s very conservative attitude, valuing backwards compatibility greatly. Here, they again solve most of the problem by simply changing the “program launcher” code, without any modifications/special casing done on the language level. For the rest, we will see. I think foregoing public requirements is a no-brainer, the rest may need a bit further thought based on further comments, here is the mailing list: https://mail.openjdk.org/pipermail/amber-spec-observers/2022...
I've repeatedly heard the sentiment from interviewers that it's not worth the time asking questions you know you won't get an answer to. As a sibling noted, both of your questions can reasonably fall into that category.

Not disagreeing, just lamenting the sad state of journalism nowadays, at least as I perceive it.
So a real life version of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=02a723LsoFA
The Economist story:

>How not to run a country - Liz Truss’s new government may already be dead in the water

https://www.economist.com/leaders/2022/09/28/how-not-to-run-... (no paywall: https://archive.is/QWtQW)
Several YC companies are doing the same in later stage of funding such as beeple. They reverse engineer and bridge multiple platforms.

Reverse engineering is not illegal and if there is genuine demand for an alternative client, why would investors not fund it?

Eventually, you will become big enough to be next plaid and force everyone to open their APIs.
You might want to wait for 7900X3D based on what we see with 5800X3D vs the latest Zen4...
Rishi Sunak was claiming to be resident in the US while Chancellor of the Exchequer, while his wife was claiming non dom status to avoid paying tax. He was also hated by the supporters of the previous PM because he wielded the knife.

Also, the most popular candidate with the Conservative membership was Kemi Badenoch, who is black, but far more radical than Rishi Sunak, who was forced to defend Treasury orthodoxy.

I’m not convinced it has much to do with race.
How do you got to conclusion that the change in features essential for adblocking, in browser by company that main revenue is ads, is not about adblocking?

"But they did not nuke it before" is not an argument btw. They didn't had utter market dominance before in case you somehow fucking forgot.
I believe Matt Stoller, who studies and writes about monopolies is collecting feedback about the effects of this merger on professionals in the industry [0].

From the sound of it you could be a valuable voice in there. The merger will probably have to go through approval in DC. Perhaps if sufficient evidence is collected it could be blocked in accordance with anti-trust law. He wrote about how there is a heap of evidence about Adobe’s history of mergers and acquisitions which only lead to reduction of consumer choice.

[0] https://mattstoller.substack.com/p/should-the-government-blo...
What is really happening is that a group of disaster capitalists, including various "think tanks" and hedge funds, have direct control over the PM and the government, which is putting in place policies that directly benefit them. They have made great profits by extracting the public money in various ways, as well as shorting the sterling; there is no "ideology" involved, it's simply pure short-term greed.

This has been going on for a while, but even Johnson wasn't as directly controlled by this group. They took the opportunity to get rid of him and put Truss to the PM's position, making sure that she will do exactly as they tell her.
Meanwhile, the majority of spam I receive on my non-Google-hosted email is DKIM-validated from @gmail.com. This seems to have developed in the past few months.
Presumably their wages is meant.

Labor, not just by drivers but also mechanics and other staff, is a substantial part of transit costs. Cutting fuel cost makes wages a bigger fraction. Reduced maintenance load of an electric fleet could be important.
> Wasn't caffeine combined with contact sports linked to some brain damage?

Contact sports and oats will be linked to some brain damage. Contact sports and listening to seagulls in the evening too will lead to brain damage.
Are you potentially not a creditor? I think the term here is 'distinction without a difference'. If you lend the US enough money for a sandwich, you should expect not to get a sandwichworth of money back. What you call that legally is not that interesting, I suspect, to the people were lending the money.
Samsung Phones Are Blowing Up
Yeah, it’s crazy how different peoples responses to caffeine are. One cup of tea at 9am will affect my sleep!
I saw earlier this year that the Figma team had (finally) got around to thinking about the accessibility of their UI. Out of curiosity I went hunting to see if Penpot has UI accessibility built-in. It's not one of the founding principles, but good to see they say it's one of their 'values' going forward - https://github.com/penpot/penpot/issues/2195
It's not. What would make Americans take the bus is frequency, reliability, cleanliness and free wifi. And fucking bus lanes.

But that's boring isn't it?
I don't think it's right to say that an online identity is lesser. In many ways "easrng" is more real, more me than my irl identity, because online expression is easier for me. I can craft and change representations of all that I am, in ways that I can't really offline (without significant amounts of time, energy, and potentially money.) I don't know if this is a young/old divide or a neurodivergent/neurotypical divide or a trans/cis divide or what, but I know I'm not the only one who feels this way.
I'm not saying your comments were symmetrical, but (a) you kept the flamewar going, which the site guidelines explicitly ask commenters not to do here; and (b) once people start arguing about what they are or are not saying, or feel compelled to include swipes like "Why so hostile in your comments?", "If anything, it only shows immaturity on your part", "You're anyways missing my point", it's clear that the thread has degenerated into the tit-for-tat state.
Basically every regulation or idea that benefits renewables benefits nuclear, and every regulation that fights climate change benefits nuclear.

So environmental groups have done more than most, possibly tied with the military, for nuclear power.
When discussing points such as yours, I always bring up https://motherfuckingwebsite.com/ (which I like very much), http://bettermotherfuckingwebsite.com/ (which I like less) and https://thebestmotherfucking.website/ (which I like more than the second, but still less than the first). There is also https://perfectmotherfuckingwebsite.com/ but I do not remember where it fits chronologically.

There are so many, so many sites that would be perfect with just basic HTML and maybe some CSS
They really had no choice about that part. The spike (beyond their control) in energy prices was set to bankrupt hundreds or even thousands of small businesses and put many people in a situation of deciding between heat and food.

The tax breaks though, were totally an own goal.
Pension funds that are contribution based can't be underfunded, pretty much by definition.

> a pension now that may or may not be fully available after retirement, versus £40k minus tax invested into an index fund and accessible/reroutable whenever?

If we're talking about people putting that 40k into a pension because the tax on going over 100k salary is too much, you've saved 21k straight off by not taking it as salary. So we're talking about 19k in your hand vs 40k in a pension.

The pension fund you contribute to now could just be an index fund (it may be a managed fund though, depends what you pick), and as we have moved away from final salary pensions, there's no danger of underfunding because it's basically just a tax-shielded investment.

So the answer is, assuming you live to retirement (or even to 55, the age where you can take a tax free lump sum from your pension in the UK), that 40k invested in a pension is likely to be a lot better for you than 19k in a similar fund that's not tax-shielded.

And it's more likely to be there when you need it later in life because you won't be able to dip into it during your working years.
The lack of theme templates is what makes Zola seem very unattractive to me.

The main selling point for many seems to be "oh hey it's written in Rust" and as such attracts rust people, but in the end it's a static site generator without as many features or development hours. You can use hugo, etc. and have the exact same thing with much more flexibility.
Its not hard to imagine. We've seen it just recently in Venezuela.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_in_Venezuela
Note:

If you drink more than three cups of coffee a day, you may need five to 10 times the amount of vitamin B1 than other people. That’s largely because you’ll excrete more of the nutrient through your kidneys and into your urine.

https://www.sheknows.com/health-and-wellness/articles/808646...
While I'm no fan of him, I think you might be too harsh.

> is to imagine he’d given them the money up front and told them that to leave his enter-torture-ment they have to pay up a ransom matching the initial gift.

People enter those challenges fully knowing how they're going to go. It's random, rules don't matter, you might get money you don't expect or not get money you expected. The point at which they get the money doesn't really matter, I don't find it a different situation.

> That’s what he’s subjecting poor people too, for fun and profit, because he knows the money is worth that much to them

Well, he gives amounts of money that are worth very much for a lot of people. I doubt there's a lot of people that can make $500k in 100 days, for example. I watched the one where there's 100 people in a circle, and people got quite a lot of money for the most random things (I think one gets several thousand dollars for being the first to go, for example). I'd get this criticism if the amounts of money were lower, but I don't think it's really the case. A lot of non-poor people would consider those challenges very much worth the money.

> And of cause because he’s making a fortune doing this.

He says that a lot of his videos lose money and I honestly believe it. Between the money he gives and the amounts he spends to make the videos (like renting entire stadiums) his costs must be incredibly high, even with as many subscribers as he has I imagine some videos might not break even. And he could very easily break even on all of them just by lowering the amounts of money and toning it down a little.
Math Drills: a private chat network disguised as a math app
> - Google offline maps

Or offline Openstreetmap in, e.g., maps.me app.
All the roads on Long Island suck for bicyclists.

No shoulders, for the most part (and when there are shoulders, they are wastelands of rubble, trash, and dead varmints). Also, Long Island drivers are, to put it charitably, downright terrible.

There was a story, a few years ago, about a local town official, that said that people just shouldn’t ride bikes on Long Island.

It went viral, and he was pilloried in the Court of Public Opinion, but he was actually probably right.

It has nothing to do with bicyclists being a problem, and everything to do with Long Island being the problem.
Further nuance: the UK government also ruled out trying to regain some of that expenditure on energy subsidies by increasing taxes on relevant energy company profits.

And whilst the fiscal impact of the top rate tax cut (or indeed not introducing energy company windfall taxes) may not have been that huge relative to the energy subsidy, the signal sent by the the triumphal announcements that borrowing to cut taxes would solve problems was that the government wasn't just making emergency funds available to resolve a crisis, but has ceased to care about balancing their budget or inflation and doesn't really know what it's doing.
Helicopters are locked out of many markets by noise and worries about safety of bystanders. The promise of eVTOLs is access to those.
If you lived in a dysfunctional country without public services, you wouldn't have been able to do all that, though.

You took more benefit from the system than others, regardless of whether it's by merit, it still makes sense that you pay more back.
I mean that’s true, but it’s still entirely possible that something like caffeine could make it worse.
Signaturely – Super Simple Signatures
I try to put all my tips tricks and ideas into a tiddlywiki.com as it is a full featured wiki that runs as a self contained HTML file that runs offline. Fantastic for offline documentation.
You mean SSL? Probably not the best example.
I'm also interested in how it is going to be for multicultural individuals (with their own personal webpages). You have 2 webpages English, German. Could be a collection of these pages only in English.
Ask HN: Why haven't we seen a new email service?
I see email, SMTP, federated protocols, etc popup quite frequently on HackerNews. I think there's always this debate between self-hosting and allowing a third party to manage your inbox but I guess the question I have is, why haven't we seen a new amazing email provider as of yet?

Every few years we see messaging get reinvented and it becomes a huge thing, but not email. Everyone has an email address that's stuck somewhere and that's it, it's like no one ever moves. I'm using a custom domain with gmail and I've been happy with that for a long time but I always do wonder, why has no one challenged it?

Hey.com looks interesting but maybe too big of a move for my liking. I really like utility style email, that's why gmail was so nice in the beginning but also free with 1Gb storage was a plus. Superhuman is a closed prosumer thing too.

Where's the new consumer email experience? What's the top 3 must have features of that? I guess just randomly throwing this thought out into the universe because I'm genuinely curious.
I used this back in 1994. I wrote a script that analyzed logs and beeped in some cases. It was a background noise you would get used to and then -suddenly- something was off and you knew you had to look at the logs.

This was inspired by a yet even older discussion with someone who was listening to the dot matrix printer printing his logs.
But we are not paying for it. He just gets the views and Google (YouTube) are those who think it is ok to pay for this content. People will always consume content about some
crazy shit if it is made for free, but would we actually have to pay for it then it would show that most kids who watch MrBeast content today couldn’t actually care less about it.

Let’s look at it from another angle to bring my point home. If a person gets assaulted and the assault gets recorded by CCTV cameras and then shown on BBC news then lots of people click the article and view the video, but nobody (or mostly nobody) would pay the BBC to assault another person and film it and then stream it. Do you see the difference?
> I've never been to a supermarket without some degree of security, and laws form a deterrent.

For what it's worth, I have been to some unattended small shops (particularly in smaller places around Europe) that are fully trust-based, with just self-service credit card checkout or a money box that you should put the right amount in, and it seems to work. I don't know if it would work for a large supermarket, but I think we are getting there, with the proliferation of self-service, and camera-based technological solutions like Amazon's.
I investigated this issue with a customer recently with a focus on revocation. We concluded that if we have to hit the database to check if a JWT token is still valid we can use a session cookie (or equivalent) and hit the database to get the user, the associated capabilities, etc.
It's complicated.

You'll want to use half-width for full number fields because html number input is half-width, and you'd need to move to the "full" alpha numeric keyboard to get full-width. Also if you allow full-width it opens the door to Chinese numerals, which you'd have to convert as well.

Same thing for email address fields, allowing full-width character is user-friendly but you're pretty guaranteed to have no autocompletion on the user side, you deal with weird validations errors as some users will mistakenly convert part of the address to invalid chars, when forcing half-width pretty gets rid of that class of error altogether (assuming you don't allow full-width mail addresses in the first place. If I'm not mistaken they can be valid, including with a full-width domain)

Places where there's less room for error usually allow both (like addresses for instance, where you won't run any validation on it anyway. Except on old sites and anal retentive services that will force you to go full-width sometimes)
The crashing of the pound doesn’t make the tax cut more expensive - the UK doesn’t borrow in foreign currencies. They only issue bonds in pound sterling, and the tax cut is in their own currency, so it doesn’t really change things.

Not to say the tax cut is not a terrible idea - it’s absolute stupidity.