skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
It's mentioned in the readme - this is measuring the latency of cache coherence. Depending on architecture, some sets of cores will be organized with shared L2/L3 cache. In order to acquire exclusive access to a cache line (memory range of 64-128ish bytes), caches belonging to other sets of cores need to be waited on to release their own exclusive access, or to be informed they need to invalidate their caches. This is observable as a small number of cycles additional memory access latency that is heavily dependent on hardware cache design, which is what is being measured

Cross-cache communication may simply happen by reading or writing to memory touched by another thread that most recently ran on another core

Check out https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOESI_protocol for starters, although I think modern CPUs implement protocols more advanced than this (I think MOESI is decades old at this point)
> It can take such "fee" because it’s so enormous that it can negociate prices in a way you couldn’t

So what's the solution to this problem? In one way I think this could be framed as rent seeking via economies of scale.
In a funny kind of way, I'd rather have unsolvable problems than be advertised at.

If the problems actually need solving, ill go looking.

If I'm not looking, there's no problem (to be solved).
No, that's not at all the case for what the poster I was replying is referring to. I think you misread them/me. They seemed to be talking about software emulation on commodity PCs.

Total time, from input to physical display on the screen is not under the user space programmer's control if you're running an emulator on a Linux or Mac or Windows system.

You can be cycle accurate all you want. That doesn't get you past the windowing system, GPU, display controller, HDMI interface, etc. any faster. All of that sits between you and pixels.

It is possible, on an FPGA (or under any hardware you control directly, really) to go straight from framebuffer to HDMI (or etc) signals without pauses inbetween. In some ways it's easiest on FPGA.

Your example is running on custom hardware. That is entirely feasible, yes. But isn't what was being asked about. That's similar to the BMC64 example I gave.
I've rewritten the clause by moving "prepositional phrases" into the noun phrases to avoid as much nesting as possible. For example, instead of saying "the husband of the woman, I'd replace it with the woman's husband."

Here's what I think it says: "This constitutional amendment authorizes the legislature to set the ad valorem taxes total reduction amounts that may be imposed for general elementary and secondary public school purposes on the residence homestead of an elderly or disabled person in order to reflect any statutory reduction from the preceding tax year in the maintenance maximum compressed rate and operations taxes imposed for those purposes on the homestead."
Ah wow, that's better than the Lord of the Rings reference.
Your daughter is awesome.
thank you for this reply -- here in California, there is no secret that much building activity has been legally curtailed to such an extent that it becomes another endeavor entirely.. that of seeking and obtaining permission at every turn. Obscure and contradictory rule books specifically enable this kind of gatekeeping IMHO.
Businesses live because society allows them to live. How about we make humane business models a pre-condition for existence?

"It exists in nature" is not a solid argument for anything. I've read about insects that coerce their mates into copulation under threat of predation. Yet nobody seriously argues that humans should be allowed to rape because rape exists in nature. Such an obviously sociopathic argument just doesn't fly.
"When a value with integer type is converted to another integer type ... [if] the new type is signed and the value cannot be represented in it; the result is implementation-deﬁned." C99, 6.3.1.3.

"When a value with integer type is converted to another integer type ... [if] the new type is signed and the value cannot be represented in it; either the result is implementation-defined or an implementation-defined signal is raised." C23 Draft, 6.3.1.3.

Calling add(2147483647, 2147483647) with your code could trap, not from the overflow (which is well-defined for unsigned integers) but from casting 4294967294 to a signed integer.

I also don't know if it would work with one's complement.
Using GNU Guix (the distribution) should be a logical and simple test-bed to see how exactly glibc/gcc pre-release would affect downstream packages.
Yes the US is the least bad for now. No disagreement there.

But these same dynamics, just more extreme, have plagued all less lucky people each and every time.

There are European families who have been through multiple hyperinflationary events in the last century, and couldn't convince their kids that it could happen again. Then, it did.

And it's always smoke and mirrors on the population (begging for more money printing) as to the cause of what's happening. There are some smart ones who plan ahead.
I realise these were run on AWS instances, but could this be run locally on Apple Silicon?

Erm, I guess I should try.
The GNAT toolchain that Alire installs automatically is built by GitHub Actions runners from the GNAT-FSF-builds [1] repository.

You can download the toolchain as a tarball from the releases page and use it separately if you'd like. If you use Alire, it'll take care of downloading and unpacking the tarball and add it to your PATH when called via alr build.

[1] https://github.com/alire-project/GNAT-FSF-builds/releases
Blackberry saw it’s highest revenues in 2010. The iPhone has been out for 4 years and Android was just becoming popular.
Error: Command line tools not installed
I use the Calibre e-reader with custom style overrides to get my preferred spacing, margins etc. It's ugly out of the box but doesn't require much tweaking to look like Apple Books if you know css. Works great on MacOs/Linux/Windows (I use them all). If a book has hardcoded fonts/styles/spacing I don't like then I use the Calibre editor to remove them.

I don't use Calibre as a library tool, I find that pretty annoying. I just use a git repo with folders for genres and markdown file with each book for notes.

On Android I use ReadEra.
> to back up every last claim

Weasel words. You didn't back up any of your claims.

> Nor do you have any right to demand this standard of others

I see it as just good manners.

> My comment contains more than enough keywords to retrace

No they don't (though mine do), and as you just did the work & found the sources, why on earth did you not post them, having them right to hand?

> My point was about "prominent economically"

Hmm, you did say that. It's an interesting point.

> If you sort countries by GDP per capita, how far down is the first country whose dominant

It's not about 'dominant', it's about doing it at all ("...arthropod disgust being a worldwide phenomenon, which lines up with my initial speculation") - it doesn't. If a country does it as a (say) 5% protein/energy intake was insects it would disprove your taboo/disgust theory. Or 1%.

> And don't you find this result surprising considering its known energy efficiency?

If true, and you have not quantified efficiency (although I believe you are right), yes, it's a good question.
It's been maybe a day since I have had a comment on here buried so I will go ahead and mention cryptocurrency.

Hyperinflation is evidence that money needs to be a high technology. Public ledgers in and of themselves don't prevent hyperinflation or other problems with money, but they do give us potentially much more and better tools to make money work.

Especially if high tech digital money can be holistically integrated with information about real world resources.
Over grid solar?

There are some edge case advantages to rooftop solar for individual homeowners, but when everyone is connecting to the grid anyway I don’t think it’s a good idea to subsidize the more expensive option. It’s simply a waste of public funds when we can hit a larger bank for the buck both economically and environmentally.
only one level? c'mon this is great!
How do you become a patent examiner? Could anyone do it for their area of expertise or is it more like being a specialized researcher specifically for patent applications?
To be fair, that's an indictment of false advertising, monopolistic power, and predatory lending far more than it is about gig work.
Shot in the dark: your father's side is from a an area known for a strategic mountain range?
I kind of wonder if this is intended.
But regardless of public/private, it’s still in their game right? They’re not banning me for the text messages I send or what I say in a Slack channel right? It’s their game, their chat system, and their decision.
This is some real inspiration porn. The kid sounds amazing, and it's tragic that he died so young. I have family that practices unschooling, and in their case, that means fundamentalist indoctrination, no math, no history, near illiteracy, no saleable skills or motivation to get a job or do anything independently. And I just know that they're going to send this to my mom as evidence that they're doing the right thing.
Awesome! Thanks for popping up and clarifying.

For those of us that are not experts, how is this sort of problem generally classified? I've seen others on here say classical planning, but I wasn't sure if that is correct.
git add -p is my default. Usually what I have been up to belongs in 2-3 separate commits, each with a good commit message. For example a bug found and fixed while developing a feature always goes in its own commit.
That's fair. I've worked at more established places with formal design doc/RFC and sign off processes and it can work well.

After reading the description of the SOP at this shop, the idea that the OP would be able to introduce an additional layer of process requiring multiple stakeholders and management seemed like a bridge too far in my mind :).
A lot of things already are pegged to it (eg. social security), and the calculation is already a political football. That's why there's so much distrust of official CPI numbers.

There's no real escape from this other than free trade and hard assets. Cash regularly becomes less valuable, but food remains food, housing remains housing, and the future cash flows of providers of these good continue to float regardless of cash's value.
Yeah, but in this case they weren't going to those math classes. Though you could equally well argue, they also weren't going to be solving those microeconomics problems the instant after they passed (or didn't) that particular course.
perhaps you mean "incentives" and "obfuscation"
If memory serves, when we got rid of the half-penny it was worth more than a modern quarter.

... memory of the time I looked it up and did the calculation, not memory of the event, of course.
Apple, Amazon and Microsoft. They have real hard to reproduce infrastructure.
Did you[r quote] somehow confuse 'monopoly' with 'dominant'?
It would be interesting to have a more detailed understanding of why these are the latencies, e.g. this repo has ‘clusters’ but there is surely some architectural reason for these clusters. Is it just physical distance on the chip or is there some other design constraint?

I find it pretty interesting where the interface that cpu makers present (eg a bunch of equal cores) breaks down.
Touch it.
Sure, the first one I owned, which I purchased in 2017, had only 16GB of storage. And yes, I was forced to stop using it after a terrifying incident in which it refused to update to the latest iOS, even after I deleted nearly everything on it, which prevented me from installing the Ticketmaster app that I needed to enter a Harry Styles concert that I had flown to California by myself to attend. (Would you believe someone at the arena simply agreed to print the ticket out? I was crying.)

A guy who flies across the country just so he can visit a concert wants to tell me how to live sustainably by recycling stuff? Get a grip.
These corporations are not bastions of self-awareness nor moral fortitude. They are machines with the singular goal of making the red line go up. It will continue to get worse as long as people continue buying their products.
I prefer constructive dialogue over masturbatory theater.
The semantics are more important to me, and it affects my thoughts on your analogies too.

Stealing requires moving something from its original place, like the car. This was copied. It is copyright infringement, at best, and an issue for the person copying for others consumption, not the consumer. Its not the consumers responsibility to know who has a license to avoid infringing a copyright, and it isn't their liability to view. Elaborate marketing stunt or actual leak? Not my responsibility to care. But let me know if you come up with a more applicable analogy, I’m fine with analogies comparing dissimilar things that share something in common, I think this one dilutes your point here and fails at providing any introspective possibility.

I can relate to the idea that someone wanted a grand reveal, I don't have the same feelings as you about them being deprived of that goal. I think there would be plenty of artists in the organization that are annoyed at the direction of the development choices and are elated that the public can criticize it now.
Yes, my personal opinion is that enablement is not a true requirement in the US. I think a lot of problems with the current patent system would be helped by making the law stricter about enablement and also giving the USPTO more resources (money, in particular) so that examiners can enforce the enablement requirement.

Also, to be clear: Patents legally aren't for laypeople. They're for people working in the field of the invention.
I'm not sure if you are being factious or not.

I know its not trendy, but its probably easier to think of the eastern bloc countries as colonies of the USSR, just as india, egypt, and the african nations were to the UK.

Sure, on paper they were sovereign, and they certianly had a government made up of people from that country. But they were a colony.
The example code uses an atomic store instruction in order to write values from threads to a memory location, and then an atomic read to read them. The system guarantees that a read of a previously written location is consistent with a subsequent write, i.e. "you always read the thing you just wrote" (on x86, this guarantee is called "Total Store Ordering.") Reads and writes to a memory location are translated to messages on a memory bus, and that is connected to a memory controller, which the CPUs use to talk to the memory they have available. The memory controller is responsible for ensuring every CPU sees a consistent view of memory according to the respective platform memory ordering rules, and with respect to the incoming read/write requests from various CPUs. (There are also caches between the DRAM and CPU here but they are just another layer in the hierarchy and aren't so material to the high-level view, because you can keep adding layers, and indeed some systems even have L1, L2, L3, and L4 caches!)

A CPU will normally translate atomic instructions like "store this 32-bit value to this address" into special messages on the memory bus. Atomic operations it turns out are already normally implemented in the message protocol between cores and memory fabric, so you just translate the atomic instructions into atomic messages "for free" and let the controller sort it out. But the rules of how instructions flow across the memory bus is complicated because the topology of modern CPUs is complicated. They are divided, partitioned into NUMA domains, have various caches that are shared or not shared between 1-2-or-4-way clusters, et cetera. They must still obey the memory consistency rules defined by the platform, and all the caches and interconnects between them. As a result, there isn't necessarily a uniform measurement of time for any particular write to location X from a core to be visible to another core when it reads X; you have to measure it to see how the system responds, which might include expensive operations like flushing the cache. It turns out two cores that are very far away will just take more time to see a message, since the bus path will likely be longer -- the latency will be higher for a core-to-core memory write where the write will be visible consistently.

So when you're designing high performance algorithms and systems, you want to keep the CPU topology and memory hierarchy in mind. That's the most important takeaway. From that standpoint, these heatmaps are simply useful ways of characterizing the baseline performance of some basic operations between CPUs, so you might get an idea of how topology affects memory latency.
According to Xavier Leroy (OCaml language dev):

> It is possible to use a plain POSIX mutex as master lock, but fairness is awful.

https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/is-there-a-known-recent-linux-lo...
I am not "life". Considering something humans do as "bad" is kinda like the cultural equivalent of an immune system. I don't judge a parasite for trying it on with me, because there is no utility in it. Use those resources for fighting back harder instead.
In general, yeah, but I have mixed feelings on that particular one. Claims wouldn't be much more understandable if they said:

A chair, with four legs, a seat, and a back, and possibly other elements.

A good explanation for obtuseness in legal language is:

In normal writing, you're trying to be understood. In legal writing, you're trying to make it impossible to be misunderstood.
An X11 apologist tries Wayland
Fine, bring back "trust" if you prefer an archaic precision. Antitrust is about trusts, not monopolies.
What happens if Apple decides to or is forced to stop accepting a reported $18 billion a year to be the default search engine on iOS devices? Google will lose its most valuable customers.

Microsoft Office adoption in the enterprise dwarfs GSuite.
Apparently that's just the title, though what the proposition does is apparently appending a similarly incomprehensible sentence to the state consitution:

BE IT RESOLVED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:
SECTION 1. Section 1-b, Article VIII, Texas Constitution,
is amended by adding Subsection (d-2) to read as follows:
(d-2) Notwithstanding Subsections (d) and (d-1) of this
section, the legislature by general law may provide for the
reduction of the amount of a limitation provided by Subsection (d)
of this section and applicable to a residence homestead for a tax
year to reflect any statutory reduction from the preceding tax year
in the maximum compressed rate, as defined by general law, or a
successor rate of the maintenance and operations taxes imposed for
general elementary and secondary public school purposes on the
homestead. A general law enacted under this subsection may take
into account the difference between the tier one maintenance and
operations rate for the 2018 tax year and the maximum compressed
rate for the 2019 tax year applicable to a residence homestead and
any reductions in subsequent tax years before the tax year in which
the general law takes effect in the maximum compressed rate
applicable to a residence homestead.

For this reason it should be voted against, as it makes the state constitution illegible, but as for what it does I haven't a single clue.
Yep, it is, and there are far better models out there.

Here is just one of MANY possibilities: https://qbix.com/ecosystem#Decentralizing-the-Marketplace
I don't think the wording is the problem. It says what it does.

The problem is in the effect of the law.

Article 8 Section 1-b (d) says that an elderly or disabled person's property taxes (on their home) can't be increased if the money would go to public schools. It also establishes the concept that their current (unincreasable) educational property taxes are transferable property; they can take this "limitation" with them if they move.

However, while it establishes the concept, it doesn't enact anything. Section 1-b (d) doesn't say that people can take their limitation with them if they move. It says that the legislature is free to make a law allowing them to do so:

> The legislature, by general law, may provide for the transfer of all or a proportionate amount of a limitation provided by this subsection for a person who qualifies for the limitation and establishes a different residence homestead.

It also has two clauses, which I assume were added by amendment, specifying a reduced limitation for the year 1997 and for the year 2015. I didn't notice any clause authorizing the legislature to enact this type of reduction, but they seem to have managed to do it all the same.

Anyway, the new subsection also doesn't make any changes to the limitation. Like the clause about transferring your limitation from one home to another home, this one authorizes the legislature to modify the limitation under certain circumstances:

> Notwithstanding Subsections (d) and (d-1) of this section, the legislature by general law may provide for the reduction of the amount of a limitation provided by Subsection (d) of this section and applicable to a residence homestead for a tax year to reflect any statutory reduction from the preceding tax year in the maximum compressed rate, as defined by general law, or a successor rate of the maintenance and operations taxes imposed for general elementary and secondary public school purposes on the homestead.

Bad writing isn't the reason this is difficult to understand. The reason is that there are too many layers of indirection; the system itself is difficult to understand, and therefore any description of it will also be difficult to understand.

The only effect of this law appears to be to authorize the state legislature to pass laws. They could already do that. What is the effect supposed to be?
An OS is not a destination, it's a medium if you will. A better comparison would be being blasted with ads no matter where you go.
Can you share to see what you mean by the edits?
FWIW on Mac you can copy-paste a file between devices using the iCloud paste thingy.
Wechat is very profitable because users use it for everything, banking, payments, ecc.

The average WhatsApp user is worth nothing in comparison even with almost twice the user base. Last time I gave WhatsApp money was the 50 cent yearly subscription when it was still an independent product.

If something has potential, it's the one that has made billions out of that potential. Unless you think that the Chinese market doesn't matter, only the Western market does.
This was one of the most stable currencies in USSR and early post-USSR.
It's pretty clear to me that modern mumbling smarmy sarcasm is the low culture, and the Shakespearian trained actors of the past are high culture.

It's just like with fashion. We may pretend that hoodies and patagonia vests are just as respectable as a 20th century suit, but if we see two photos side by side we deep down know who is better dressed.
There are moments when I want to toss my laptop out a window and get a momentary bit of satisfaction watching it shatter into several hundred pieces. But that thought is usually enough to bring me back to where I need to be and my laptop is safe for the moment.
I don't leave it there, because it's a pretty coin.
Ultimately as ad blocking rises im pretty sure ad hosting and tracking as it is now will go the same way popups went and ads will end up within the content itself or included in the pages directly so they can’t be blocked.
I've been doing some latency measurements like this, but between two processes using unix domain sockets. I'm measuring more on the order of 50uS on average, when using FIFO RT scheduling. I suspect the kernel is either letting processes linger for a little bit, or perhaps the "idle" threads tend to call into the kernel and let it do some non-preemptable book keeping.

If I crank up the amount of traffic going through the sockets, the average latency drops, presumably due to the processes being able to batch together multiple packets rather than having to block on each one.