skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Ask HN: What were your first steps in system architecture/design?
I have only had around 2 YoE as a backend developer, but I already have a deep interest in system design.

That said, I have realistic expectations in that becoming a software architect requires field experience with different systems, patterns, making mistakes and learning some lessons the hard way.

Nonetheless, I already started learning at least the theoretical foundations thanks to:

* Designing Data-Intensive Applications
* System Design Primer
* Web Scalability for Startup Engineers
* System Design Interview by Alex Xu
* Quastor subscription
* Infoq talks, etc.

My interest is only increasing, and I try to participate as much as possible in architecture-related discussions at work with the more experienced developers.

Thanks to the learning resources, it's no longer a problem to understand the theory, but due to lack of experience, I understandably feel anxious and unconfident thinking about designing something myself.

Let me make it clear, I understand that with that little experience under the belt, you can't suddenly become a software architect after having read a book.

However, some day everyone should start. It would be really cool to find out how currently experienced software architects started their path, designed their first systems, what they would recommend to optimize and fasten the learning process.

Thanks!
The microwave transmitters are still a big What-If? You can pretty easily argue for space based solar power, but getting it back down is still a huge question.

A big pushback against wind is "what about the birds?" which is a dubious argument at best. The microwave beam probably wouldn't be the death laser you would imagine, but it would still end up with significant pushback from those susceptible to petrochem propaganda.
So is the Wagner Group and a good deal of Russian soldiers. Russia has far more Neo-Nazis than Ukraine does.
> Seriously, more dictatorial states with nuclear weapons in the middle east aren't going to lead to more happiness, fairness, or understanding...

The idea that Israel should be disarmed of its nukes is a nonstarter in Washington.

This conflict has nothing to do with "happiness, fairness, or understanding" and everything to do with Washington's and Tel Aviv's power over the region.
In the 1970s the nuclear power industry was bragging in US magazine ads about how Iran was becoming a nuclear power

https://imgur.io/gallery/IzEWU8o

The UK (and US) overthrew Mossadegh and Iran's parliament in the 1950s and installed a dictator (who the US had to beg to come to Iran at one point, the diplomatic record is now open). They got the right wing mullahs as support (Mossadegh gave women the right to vote) and the CIA worked with the SAVAK secret police to wipe out the secular left. Finally towards the end of 1970s Iran threw itself off the boot of imperialism, but as the CIA had wiped out the secular left, the patriotic moves came from the mullahs the US had backed (and bazaari merchants too).

So Iran throws off the boot of imperialism, and suddenly the US can decide it won't let Iran develop nuclear power any more (but no such rule for the orthodox Jews making the aliyah to west Bank settlements, they can have not just nuclear power, but weapons).
Very true

Also you get what you pay for and governments generally are not paying at the top of the scale. Giant + middle of the road pay is going to get you the same results in a private org!
Would have been nice to have some lead time. I feel like the sudden change is too bait and switch.
Indeed, turns out living from donation isn't sustainable long term, specially when other companies build products on top without return to upstream.
I'm not sure I understand what you mean -- `pip` should not be reinstalling transitive dependencies. If you install A and B and both depend on C, C should only be installed once.
Also shouldn't the input argument a be named items instead? From what I can see items is an invalid variable as is.
but almost all the so-called 'socialist' nations in europe have heavier sales taxes...but we cannot do it here because it's regressive and we are so much more leftist than europe...tee hee...
For many situations, a language will add a lot of complexity that doesn't bring much benefit. In the end, a language's complexity can sometimes be a net detriment to its user.

For example, one might be making an embedded program where all memory is pre-allocated up-front and there's no heap usage. There's not as many opportunities to mess that up than your average program. This is where Zig would shine compared to e.g. Rust whose borrow checker would be helping with less, yet is imposing its usual complexity burden on the programmer.
Basically everyone can do it, they just don't.
I'm guessing the "bear" in the title is a pun, but it slightly degrades comprehension of a scientific article title.
To be fair, serving any kind of traffic with Rails required multiple replicas of Rails application running. So SQLite wasn't an option for production for any kind of production rails workload.

Then most hosting for rails were stateless, so you had no way of storing SQLite on disk.

And finally, for serious production you need high availability and SQLite couldn't offer that.
for me, captchas images trigger flashbacks of durham county

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durham_County_(TV_series)
The reason it brings people out of the woodworks is the way that it erodes trust. How many more people will decide that they deserve more money, and relicense their software, leaving me in a bind? I used to know that software licenses were generally stable, and an Apache2.0 project was safe to use, and I could contribute and use the software knowing generally that my contributions would be part of something that continued to become greater over time.

Now, I don't know if I can contribute (which includes usage, because the more I use it, the better I understand it and the more confidently I can recommend it and help others to use it) to software that's trying to do the OSS paid support model, because that company might decide at any point that they're not "getting enough value" and relicense to terms that don't work for me, thus causing me to need to either live with the software as is, no bugfixes or new features, or rework it out of my architecture.
> uniquely skilled

I was mostly referring to how we all have different levels of expertise in some narrower domains. Just like your example of you being 1.3x at JS and 0.5x for C++: you can do C++ on a project, but you can't allocate two weeks on the C++ part of the project without deciding if it's you or 1.5x person doing the work. IOW, your roadmap is "faked".
Wow, that is the single most intelligent and original response I've ever seen. You are very smart.
The name says "unstoppable", but the fees paid to a centralized authority tell me that these domains are, in fact, quite stoppable.

[EDIT - strike the incorrect "yearly" from the "fees paid" statement]
> As someone who worked on policies directed at the low-income population

Then I would certainly hope you are aware that it is completely free for low income residents to file their taxes with any number of services. This has been a solved problem for years and makes me a bit curious about your experience. Could you possibly comment on what issues you’ve encountered with the current free options?
Maybe? But you can also point a camera at your screen and record the whole thing...or do it in software with screen/audio capture.

The point is the app isn't recording without telling people just to do captioning.

No app prevents bad actors from recording.
And removed all of the friction. They’re available 24 hours a day in unlimited quantities. You don’t have to wait until after school. You don’t have to wait for the local toy store to open. You don’t have to wait for the store to have them in stock. The next box is always just one push of a button away.
100%. And all of the above are necessary because customers and investors are the fucking worst.

Ok, that’s how the world works, do we stick our fingers in our ears and pretend we can ignore it? Or do we embrace it and accept the rules of the game?
The "People" section on the right on their github organization[0] shows members of the core team. It's also free software and surrounded by a passionate community, so it's pretty hard that it would die out. Andrew is irreplaceable though.

[0] https://github.com/ziglang
In Europe we have stricter building codes on average but it's still very much a non-technical problem. Prices of land are insane in Spain, and I bet in other countries too.

And taxes, and a myriad of other things that have nothing to do with actually building the thing.
Until they do something about battery life I don't see how Garmin watch users would bother switching.

Apple Watch Ultra...

>The battery life can reach 36 hours of battery life. There will be a new battery optimization feature as well coming later this fall. With this setting on, you can reach 60 hours of battery life.

From Garmin...

>Luckily for you, Garmin watch batteries last a long time — and we mean a long time. At minimum, you should be getting up to 5 days of battery life before having to recharge, and at maximum you could be getting up to 50 days. (No, that is not a typo – the Garmin Enduro™ boasts up to 50 days in smartwatch mode — or 65 if you’re using solar charging.)

https://www.garmin.com/en-US/blog/general/how-long-will-my-g...
And if time is used enjoyably, what problem is that? We're not here to be productive at every waking moment.
Why should I use Zig coming from Rust? It doesn't seem that Zig actually solves the memory problems that Rust does.
the scarier prospect right now is that if you DO wait for 1.0, it'll likely have a very different API.
I think it was to this.

> If only we had left them alone they’d have developed into a perfectly rational democracy like all the other Middle East / western Asian countries guided by principles of freedom and womens rights would have flourished?
yeah, america is definitely more progressive than scandanavia...just look at our oh so progressive tax system..
tee hee...
The overwhelming majority of taxpayers claim the standard deduction - since 2017, it's something like 90%. Most people have a W2, and 1099-INTs which are far less than their W2 income.

Only a small percentage of stupidly rich people really need to consult with tax advisors to construct elaborate stories about their complicated and catastrophic investment losses which mean that in spite of ever-growing wealth, they actually have negligible taxable income. The rest of us are suckers for taking a W2 and have really simple taxes.
They are inherently more productive or efficient because:

1. they have a profit motive, and if they don't show a profit, they die

2. smaller companies continually replace large, bureaucratic organizations

> simply not bourne out in practice

SpaceX can launch rockets at what, 10% of the cost of NASA?

> we're all worse off as a result

How so?
You’re making the false equivalence here. I never made the assertion that they were no different, only that they have done the same things that you were accusing Iran of, which is correct.
Long Stable Diffusion: pipeline of generative models to illustrate long stories
I really wanted to illustrate long stories with Stable Diffusion! So, hacked together this pipeline:

Long text ->
GPT-3 suggests illustration ideas ->
GPT-3 translates from English to "prompt-English" ->
Stable Diffusion outputs images

Open source: https://github.com/sharonzhou/long_stable_diffusion

Here's a published story, illustrated by this repo, titled "Never Hire a Herd of Goats to Mow your Lawn": https://storiesby.ai/p/never-hire-a-herd-of-goats-to-mow

That story is AI-written, AI-narrated, AI-illustrated story, which a couple friends and I have been generating.

An earlier story made the top of HackerNews a week ago: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32652673. I was too slow to illustrate that earlier week's piece, so it became clear to me that I had to automate myself with this repo... definitely not overengineering the solution.

Anyways, hope you like it or parts of it. Pull requests veryyyy welcome. This was just a weekend project to keep my GPUs company.

Tweet with more stuff, if at all interesting: https://twitter.com/realSharonZhou/status/156703103573259468...
You’re right that’s the wrong link. It’s part of macOS Ventura (not yet released)

Details: https://www.maketecheasier.com/enable-live-captions-ios-maco...
> If it's simplicity, it seems like complex programs would be supported by complex libraries instead of complex language features, leading to the same level of complexity but with less consistency.

In my experience, languages with complex features still have complex libraries. Library complexity is a constant. If you simplify the language, at least you free up a little cognitive load there.

In addition, simplifying the language often implies (or is even equivalent to) minimizing footguns.
Free File Fillable Forms is owned by On-Line Taxes, Inc. of St. Joseph, Missouri, not Intuit.

https://freefilefillableforms.com/home/privacy_security.php
https://www.olt.com/main/home/leadership.asp
Besides the regressive nature of that, do the math to see how high that sales tax would have to be to replace the income tax.

To give you an idea, total sales in the USA was about $6 trillion, and income tax revenue was $2 trillion. So you'd need a 33% national sales tax.

How do you think someone who makes $50,000 a year and spends it all would feel about paying 33% in taxes, when today they probably pay closer to 10% today?

Or if you make housing and food tax free, you'd need an even higher tax rate to make up for it.

Most countries that do a national sales tax do it in addition to an income tax.
There's a nice eslint plugin for disable-line hygiene: https://www.npmjs.com/package/eslint-plugin-eslint-comments

I do wish Rust had something like this too
The Ballast Water Management Convention is intended to prevent ships from introducing any more invasive species like zebra mussels.

https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/BWM-defau...
Thanks. Yeah, I don't doubt that there are problems and that it could get really hostile and difficult. I'm just unsure how unsolvable the conflicts are, and I'm not convinced that there's a fundamental flaw, such as "single definition of truth", in the world of Open Knowledge Movement (as I interpret it).
They could have eaten Garmin's lunch here.

Instead, they released an interesting smartwatch that still cannot compete with the Fenix in terms of battery life.
> should the bigfat files be re-joined, or should they show as separate files

They're only "rejoined" by the BigFAT compatible filesystem driver on access. By running such a driver, you're agreeing that such files should "appear" as one.
About 16% of the population has antinuclear antibodies, and it has been rising steadily from about 11% over the past forty years.

https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/autoimmunity-m...
> You’re Not Well Considered

Yes, it's unfortunate, but people fall into different status buckets, and this differs by country (amongst other things).

When moving countries, it's worth considering which status bucket you might be seen as.
If you add in the value of benefits, government employment pays very, very well.
They are true but it is annoying to filter through such comments to get to the novel stuff
What makes you think that? I'm still curious the answer to the first question though.
See also: every* courthouse
This comment is a key example of what I’m talking about:
Researchers and analysts don’t just look at where the physical address of the packets came from when leveling an accusation as serious as nation state attacks.
They take into account things like previously known threat actor capability, nation state actor characteristics, malware specialization, enumeration and exfiltration toolkit, command and control infrastructure, and finally motive.

When coming from an industry giant that’s been working with US intelligence groups, it’s really a rigorous process.
Spot on! The issue with Chomsky and his supporters is that they seem to completely paint the US as a monster, and authoritarian nations like Iran as completely innocent.

It is funny as hell that Iranians will happily chant "Death to America" in Tehran but many of their STEM graduates can't wait to get to the US on a student visa and work on moving to a green card. IMO, all green card applications from hostile nations like China, Russia, Iran, must be very heavily scrutinized, with most of them getting rejected.
This requires some investigation. Technically, I believe it is possible if the following 2 conditions are met:

1. The Mach-O executable format was not changed between all those OS versions (likely).

2. It is possible to gather sub-binaries for one CPU type but different OS types (less likely).

And SDK's and compillers (in emulator or on hardware) are required to try.
FWIW... i've been in Richard's presence several times when he was asked how to pronounce it by various people and he's invariably answered, "pronounce it however you like!" (i belong to the ess-queue-lite school of thought.)
Not every language that is small (in the sense of having few rules and few primitive constructs) is necessarily simple (in the sense of easy to understand). Scheme (or its basic core) is quite small, but it's not easy to understand other people's code due to macros; RISC Assembly is also small but can be hard to understand because its abstractions are so limited. But a language that is very explicit, has reasonable abstraction, and is also small -- like Zig -- makes following the control flow quite easy, and so makes programs easier to comprehend: you mostly need to apply only local reasoning.
Please name a company, not an industry.
CVE-2020-10735: Prevent DoS by large intstr conversions
> Nothing beats the simplicity of FAT.

Or the sheer ubiquity, and therefore cross-device compatibility.
National LVT is a better solution IMO
> This really irritated me when I started working with go, but it stopped bothering me and now I even mostly like it.

Don’t get me wrong I like a good unused code warning.

What frustrates me is that Go’s is dumb / unreliable, and it will stop you from working entirely until you’ve complied with this whim, which has a fraction of a percent chance of identifying a real bug.

> Basically writing go without `staticcheck`[1] is not recommended.

So why have these things as mandatory compiler errors?
Show HN: Reader Mode, but for financial documents like 10-Ks and 10-Qs
Yes, the linting should be in the git-commit code, not in the compiler.
As an aside, Ukraine is an extremely conservative country and really has a neo-nazis problem by the way. It has nothing in common with what the Russian propaganda pushes and doesn’t affect the Ukrainian government but it’s a significant problem nevertheless.

They still need to be supported because having a state using war as a geopolitical tool at the border of Europe is unacceptable but people need to realise that what was pushed by the media at the beginning of the war doesn’t necessary paint a realistic portrait of the country.

I feel this has to be said because they were made a candidate member to the EU for electoral reasons.
My use case is generating a very high rate (10k e/s up to 100k e/s) of JSON-NL events from samples of JSON-encoded log data (JSON-NL to be exact). Is this supported in OSS Gretel?

FYI, I'd built a hand-crafted generator using JSONNet templates and Golang, but I really wanted something that could model source data distributions accurately. The use case is large-scale load testing of customer workloads without requiring actual data.
Did anybody catch the maximum depth for diving?
Personally I think using gerrymandering to explain the bulk of our political dysfunction is mistaken. If you were to ask me to give you a simple explanation for the dysfunction and corruption at the federal level, it would be that our federal government is not design to be this big and powerful. Just one example... 50~ years ago the federal government contributed nearly nothing to local and state funding. Today, total federal outlays have ballooned to nearly 20% of all local/state funding(depending on how its counted). Everything has trended to be more centralized.

I believe the best solution going forward is to rip power from the federal government and return it to states and local governments, as was intended by the constitution. Resolving gerrymandering and campaign finance laws will not fix the political dysfunction. It's structural. Most federal institutions are not designed to be democratic.
dl is the exception I think.
But if that is your situation it's actually really easy and free to file your taxes today. Meaning a couple clicks and done. I'm all for an IRS solution but let's not blow this out of proportion.
I think you'd probably need some buy in from the domain registries and ICANN to make it really solid. Ideally, domains would have something similar to public certificate transparency logs where domain expirations would be recorded. I even think it would be reasonable to log registrant changes (legal registrant, not contact info). In both cases, it wouldn't need to include any identifiable info, just a simple expired/ownership changed trigger so others would know they need to revalidate related identities.

I don't know if registries would play ball with something like that, but it would be useful and should probably exist anyway. I would even argue that once a domain rolls through grace, redemption, etc. and gets dropped / re-registered, that should invalidate it as an account recovery method everywhere it's in use.

There's a bit of complexity when it comes to the actual validation because of stuff like that. I think you'd need buy in from at least one large company that could do the actual verification and attest to interested parties via something like OAuth. Think along the lines of "verify your domain by logging in with GitHub" and at GitHub an organization owner that's validated their domain would be allowed to grant OAuth permission to read the verified domain name.
The "fix" for this is really bad. See imachug's comment near the end. Also, my usual rule of thumb holds again: changes that the maintainer prevents discussions of are almost universally bad ones that should be reverted.
I try to start with a failing test, because tests not being identified or failures not breaking the build are serious problems.
This is interesting, thanks. So the Linux kernel contains essentially non-free code that is, despite being under GPL, in effect not usable by others because of patents.
More abstract than that. It generated an element from an infinitely generated ring. If there was a colouring with colour sets of size x, y, and z, then it included the element P_{x-1}.P_{y-1}.P_{z-1} from the ring. Then it summed over all colourings.

So if there is a colouring of $G$ using $n$ colours with induced sets of size 4, 4, 2, and 1, then the function evaluated at $n$ included P_3^2 P_1 P_0.

(The "-1" is a technical thing that only feels obvious once you've played with it enough).

You end up with what the values should be, but the clever part was using "umbral evaluation" on the polynomial, and not just simple substitution. It might be possible to find the details on the web, but this was 35 years ago.
Point made. That was interesting - I wasn't aware that the US had so many people who identified as LGBT. Note though that media representation wouldn't have changed that erroneous view of mine because that is a common assumption made out of ignorance. The media showing more LBTQ characters is not going to suddenly enlighten many that there are so many of them.
This is something which people like Kissinger and others were writing in Foreign Policy, the New York Times etc. prior to February of this year.

Chomsky also is saying the same thing he has been saying about the Ukraine since 2013 and before that.