skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Restrictions for p,q,d,e in RSA for encrypting English Alphabets?
Is there some restrictions on values of p,q,d,e etc in RSA algorithm while trying to encrypt English Ciphertext?

I'll present few cases of RSA encryption:

CT=(PT)^e % n

PT=(CT)^d % n

CT= Cipher Text

PT=Plain Text

ed/m should give remainder 1, where;

m=(p-1)(q-1); where p, q are 2 prime numbers.

A) Sender takes p=3, q=11.

The value of e=3, d=7 satisfied the remainder=1 condition.

So, if sender wants to send "SELL":

S=19, CT=28

E=5. CT=26

L=12, CT=12

L=12, CT=12(? What to do to not get the cipher text same as plain text without making things too complex and still being able to do it in paper manually?)

B) p=2, q=11

e=3,d=7

I'll only write CT here(i.e S=17 means that 17 is a cipher text for S after RSA encryption):

S=17

E=15

L=12

L=12 (Same here? why? Because of d,e being the same?)

C) p=13, q=11

d=13, e=37

So,

S=95

E=93

L=12

L=12 (Again got the same value, what is this? Even with different values of p,q,d,e!)

Questions:

a) Is there any restrictions if among p or q, anyone should be greater?

b) Is there any restrictions like which of the d or e should be greater?

I know e<m and e>1

And e should be relatively prime to m, i.e GCD(e,m)=1.

GCD(13,120)=1

For d,

de mod m=1

c) Would there be any cases, where while decryption, we would not be able to get the plain text due to some reasons (like if not choosing values properly for d,e,p,q in english alphabet encryption? This is the main confusion that is making me ask this )
There may be well elements within certain cultures that appear on the surface to tolerate child abuse to a degree that seems alarming, but it's a stretch to claim any culture as a whole does so (and at any rate, first nation peoples in Australia emphatically do not share a single culture).
And no, that’s not moving goalposts.
>and saw no reward for it

That doesn't necessarily follow. Good will towards developers goes a long way. It helps build reputations and encourages referrals.
its the wrong way to look at it. when you implement things in FOSS a lot more people have access to that feature.
Thank-you for the reply--and for your frankness. Maybe one of the ways to make things better is from the inside, just by being there in this moment versus anytime else, with what we can work with.

Our fair advantage is in the authoring of computing instructions, and that's as good a chance as we may get.

I hope we will both have stories to share a decade hence.
Yes, it is the hippie culture of the 70's community gardens and such applied to software, eventually everyone went to Wall Street and similar places during the 80's.

Similarly, after the FOSS wave, we are now back at models similar to shareware and demoware, because guess what, money is important.
The fact that things seem to work does not mean that they actually do work. We all are subject to cognitive biases which can trip us up. Most people aren’t very good at recognizing when that happens. That’s why these things survive so long.
McDonald's gives you the franchise, the machines, the contacts of suppliers. Then you run the restaurant, not the McDonald's corporate management. This is how it works, AFAIK.

This is where I see the most salient similarly.
Probably many factors at play. One of them being that the UI in Gimp is pretty bad to start with compared to commercial alternatives. Working with Text for example is atrocious in Gimp compared to Photoshop
This is completely in line with the premise above.

If the database is primarily a data store, unseen by the end user, then Postgress, Firebird etc are fine. If however the database is an active part of the development stack, being used by lots of "users", writing new code etc, then commercial offerings with better tooling win.
I would be willing to bet that some OS knowledge comes in very handy for almost anyone who writes software than runs on an OS. I’m sure it’s more important for the 3D graphics programmer to understand the execution environment within the context of directX or OpenGL etc. But it is hard to imagine building any native application without some grasp of cpu scheduling, memory paging, device i/o etc that you’d get in an basic OS course
Unfortunately both long covid and vaccine side-effects are downplayed.
The Blinkist app is great for getting the next out of these books.
It’s treated that way by the masses but it most certainly isn’t. You aren’t going to find the origin of reality via science but science is used to describe reality.

Otherwise I agree. It will always be our approximation and until we meet aliens and do science with them we can’t be sure all of reality isn’t a construct of the human mind.
Though you have to buy that share.
Nice they have a hobby, but it is hardly the experience that using BeOS once was.
What law? There is no law requiring anyone to use these restrooms. This is a private company making restrooms available under specific conditions.
Except you can find another group of holy men who disagree with that group. And a third group that disagrees with those two groups. The number of groups ends up quite large, and nobody can quite seem to figure out a way to test whether one group has it a bit more right than the others.
In SF I pay around 45cents per kwh. These rates in Europe don't seem that absurd to me as a result.
Blender is not a clone of anything, it started as commercial product.
Pedro I was a fascinating individual. Liberal despite a poor education, he was the first Emperor of Brazil (while his father was King of Portugal), very briefly the King of Portugal and in the last few years of his life neither while traveling Europe advocating for his daughter and "borrowing" a ductal title from her.
How is it anti science to say the science is just our best approximation?
I teach at a public university in Tokyo. “SDGs” is clearly a current buzzword being promoted by government policy in Japan. I subscribe to the paper edition of the Nihon Keizai Shimbun, and nearly every day there are multiple advertisements and articles that mention “SDGs,” often prominently.

Not only Japanese companies but also Japanese universities have been quick to adopt it. Some examples of university programs with “SDGs” in their titles are at [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].

In my experience, the currently promoted buzzwords are often included in university program names in order to attract government funding. Five or ten years ago, the leading buzzword was “global.” My own university has probably a dozen or more programs with “global” in their titles; my colleagues often remark how hard it is to remember which is which.

Another current buzzword, in both business and academia, is “DX” (digital transformation).

Though the SDGs bandwagon is still going strong, some Japanese commentators have started to question it. A person interviewed in an article posted on Friday to a radio station’s website [6] calls SDGs “fraudulent.” He also notes that Japan leads the world in Google searches for “SDGs,” followed by Zimbabwe.

[1] https://www.nara-edu.ac.jp/ESDC/

[2] https://www.chubu.ac.jp/academics/college-education/sdgs/

[3] https://www.senshu-u.ac.jp/social/senshu_sdgs/challengeprogr...

[4] https://www.koeki-u.ac.jp/academics/personnel-training-progr...

[5] https://www.it-hiroshima.ac.jp/about/gp/center/sdgs.html

[6] https://web.archive.org/web/20220828044344/https://www.joqr....
Yellow will definitely fade to something that is much less perceptible. Since it's a primary color in the CMYK space, this is an issue with any kind of multi-color process printing.
Does that mean you'll have no problem if Google deletes your email account, GitHub your repos and HN your posts (as well as put all threads behind a paywall)?

Honk honk.
The issue with that approach is the same one that destroyed the trust in meta keywords!

The lack of trust means a search engine needs to know if what it's being presented in metadata is actually what's being served to the browser!

That's why we can't have nice things! :-)
It is illegal in most places to defecate or urinate in public, or really anywhere other than a toilet. This company shouldn't need to exist. Facilities should be provided by the government if they wish to have such a law in place.

This and several other laws create a situation in America where it is a crime to be destitute.
> When switching away from DreamHost

Out of curiosity, was there any particular reason you switched away from Dreamhost?
Why is the price negative at some points?
Theories of value are untestable, since value isn't price. The LTV can only really be argued to be wrong on philosophical and theoretical grounds, not on empirical grounds. This is because market prices are not necessarily the same as values. There are however plenty of arguments outside the empirical realm against it.

If you want a testable theory from Marxism there really only are two - the aggregate rate of profit to capital will go down in the very long term, there will be endogenous economic crises due to lack of demand/too much supply in aggregate. The rest are unfalsifiable as far as I'm aware. The issue is that both of these predictions seem to be correct so far - P/E ratios are going up and we have now had plenty more evidence that crises due to mismatch between demand and supply are inherent to capitalism.

However, it's still not a great tool at actually predicting the world, because the vast majority of predictions are unfalsifiable. But I agree with you that most of economics is moreso ideology.
Waiting for an open source GPU
There is the argument that lazy evaluation improves composability and thus code reuse.[1] Edward Kmett also described how he uses laziness on Reddit sometime ago.[2]

[1] http://augustss.blogspot.com/2011/05/more-points-for-lazy-ev...

[2] https://www.reddit.com/r/haskell/comments/l98v73/comment/glg...
He’s said that he thinks his method of typing works fine and doesn’t lead to repetitive stress injuries, so he prefers it. I don’t remember which specific videos he said that in off the top of my head, though.
Vowel harmony is something that arises frequently in languages as they evolve.
Yes. But the silly bans on paid toilets stem from the 1970s.

See eg https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-19/why-the-u...
Sorry about that. On this page (https://pldb.com/lists/features.html), you'll only see percentage if we have that information for at least 100 languages (https://pldb.com/lists/features.html). I should add an "under construction" or something for the others, to indicate that certain columns are currently very sparse.

The features section is a big part of my focus the next few weeks and hope to fill out that part of the dataset.
This is why I still use Photoshop CS3. It's the newest version Adobe have released as an activation-free offline installer, and it does everything I need and then some.
If you look at the list something becomes obvious: it’s mostly software used by other programmers. If the software isn’t directly targeted at software developers like gimp is, there will be less success.

If you look a B2B Software software developers never will use, often there exist no open source solutions.
You don't usually personally contribute major things to OSS because it's a shrewd business move, but because you want it to exist, you want to share, and you reasonably enjoy the process.

(Corporations pouring paid hours into Linux, Blender, Postgres, etc are a different case.)
Ah yep. I didn't look carefully, and just assumed it was json, but looking again it's not.
This is open source land, so the cost is some free time and the payoff is that the software does what you need it to do now.
Yes, the Dutch and later the English mostly got rich off of capitalism and trade (and early industrialization) at home.

Portugal and Spain had huge colonial empires, but that did not drive any industrialization or really long term wealth explosion like the capitalism and the industrial revolution did.
When the government provides those facilities, they get destroyed or monopolized by drug users. People can't destroy the provided facilities and then complain that they aren't available. Society does require a modicum of cooperation from the public in order to function.
> They treat their customers like crap

I'm not a fan of Adobe's payment practices. But they do treat us well in one regard. They give us one thing that we can't get anywhere else. The best photo editing software on the market.
No, the NYT, FBI and analysts admit that the emails on the laptop were authentic. Please don't spread misinformation.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter_Biden_laptop_controve...

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/22/us/politics/hunter-biden-...
I thought so too, but search engines supporting IndexNow are supposed to tell each other about new pages, and there's a bit more of control since you can send just the urls you want instead of an entire sitemap.
At least Portuguese universities always have introduction lectures to everything relevant in CS, electives are for deep diving, and you always need to do a bunch of them for getting the graduation credits.

Pity it isn't the same everywhere then.
Not knowing more than your doctor is not the same as your doctor knowing everything.

There are so many examples of diseases which are not currently completely understood, after decades of study. It's surprising that you think that's not true.
it took me a good 30-40 years to learn to give up on books. There are quite a few I ground out but they didn't really land.

I think there are some that I'll give another go. I'm older, more perspective. There are books I read that I hated but friends enjoyed. There's also stuff that I read as a kid that, well, didn't hold up on a revisit. I imagine I'll give Borges' fantastical realism another shot someday. But at that time in my life it just didn't hook me. There are some big bad Russian books I'll take another stab at as well.

I think the Bible I think pushed me over the edge. My profession gives me a certain tolerance for long lists of names and rules. There's some beautiful stuff, there's some horrible stuff. . (no judgment either way about other readers beliefs). But yeah, multiple authors over a long time, with whatever revisions. It's a difficult book. Maybe someday, I'll take another run at big religious texts. Every attempt is sooo hard.

There are very few books I'd say I'd never try again, but most are so forgettable to begin with, I doubt I'd ever find them again, or realize this was round 2.
>open source as a whole sucks at building products, but is great at building infrastructure. (and pretty good at infrastructure products).

Oh This is Great. Thank You. Will have to bookmark your comment. Perfectly describe something I have in my mind but couldn't quite put it into precise wordings.

Open Source works, and its desired in infrastructure because everyone relies on them. And its common interest align with everyone.

If we look at the all the success we have in Open Source, most of them are not even on the list. SQLite, MySQL / Postgres, all the Networking Libraries, WebKit / Blink, FFmpeg, GNU Compiler / LLVM, Apache / Nginx etc, etc. Not only are they the dominant position or with substantial market share, they are also all infrastructure related.
Do the standard errors actually hold up empirically?
> the number of socially necessary hours required to create a piece of work.

Who decides how many hours of work spent on a piece of art are socially necessary?

> Art creation isn't really addressed by this as the labour pool for a piece of art is exactly one

This is definitely not true of things like films and novels.
Whilst it's not particular nice to develop for, Android sits on the Linux kernel. I haven't heard any convincing argument not to consider Android a "Linux for the desktop", in the sense of mass adoption and people using it as their everyday device.
I don't know German, but in Russian, the case endings also change depending on the grammatical gender of the word, whether it's singular or plural, and then on top of that there are three different categories with different declensions. It's not entirely orthogonal, since e.g. categorization is itself guided by gender, but still, that's a lot of different variations that have to be memorized for each case.
Email forwarding and search are orthogonal products solving different issues, so first, I’d point out that the value of the email forwarding service doesn’t change.

But presumably DDG has contractual agreements with Microsoft so “no longer has an index” is a hypothetical that isn’t really grounded in reality or something that would be likely to happen without warning.

And if Bing is no longer viable at some point for some reason, that would be a good reason to change the priority of building an index.

But clearly DDG feels secure enough in their current agreement, and as of now, we have no reason to believe otherwise.
Free ID Photo Generator
There are so many other ID photo websites that claim to be free. However, some only produces greyscale photos. Some does not remove background. Some prints their watermarks to make result photos unusable. They eventually want you to pay in order to get what you want: a white background photo that is ready to print on a 6" * 4" photo paper. This website is FREE to use and will always be. NO BS.
> Does nothing well except generate heat.

Like the current GPUs running my application?

I wish you would directed that to my comment above. I would reassert that something like this, perhaps with the qualification of it being well engineered
and efficient, is what I would like to run my graphics application on--a highly parallelizable algorithm but with need for a general ISA, recursion, and 64 bit floats--and the ability to get rid of CUDA and OpenCL. Given this, do you have any suggestions for something better? And why?
JavaScript AST manipulation with Babel: removing unreachable code
You don’t have a clue what you’re talking about. The M1 can’t be compared to an Intel system, its more performant and power efficient and fabbed at a lower process node. And the memory is packaged differently than with an Intel system. But if you hate Apple so much I think you deserve an Intel system.
Jim Crow laws were also made by elected officials at the time
I will agree with you that it is a totally different situation.
That is why I think most software should have an educational license that allow students to freely use their product. I mean even Steve Jobs said it on stage, no one pays for Adobe Photoshop in college. LOL
But it's like saying "it's broken, therefore I'm not going to fix it".

I think a lot of things in Gimp are not broken, there is a worthy foundation to build upon. The text UI is bad but it's not the cornerstone of the product, it can be fixed without rearchitecting it. The library approach to graphical ops is more important, and it looks promising to me.

Look how much has Inkscape's UI improved, to say nothing about Blender.
I was being facetious - I'm sure everyone is also aware that you could hire devs to code for you. But not to dismiss your point, it is interesting that companies exist purely for the purpose of working on arbitrary free software requests.
Hydrogen is a metal? You must be a very early universe astrophysicist
> What I'm I missing?

One of the topics that hasn't been talked about here and is mentioned by the article is how the Salvadoran government detained one of El Salvador's most known developers for openly talking about bitcoin before the adoption.

> loss is small relative to the country's balance sheet

The bigger question is, in which of El Salvador's government institution's balance sheet are those bitcoin accounted for?

I mean, from government announcements we know that there is a company that runs the state wallet that also runs a subsidized pet hospital using bitcoin profits.

But we no longer have any way to ask about that kind of stuff, because the well-functioning FOIA equivalent we had in El Salvador no longer works as it did before.

Did I mention that the Congress' president actually told journalists to run away an ask asylum in other countries because they were unwanted in El Salvador? While presiding congress, live on our CSPAN equivalent.

https://twitter.com/CronistaOscar/status/1516602424672280579

> But even if it goes to zero the country will be fine.

El Salvador had never had an unstable currency in its history. I mean we never were Argentina/Colombia/Venezuela or other Latin American countries where exchange rates look like a roller coaster. Never before in history we had had a local currency losing 50% of its value in months. For many, that sharp drop in value was a first time experience.
Informally cases can be thought of as groupings of adpositions that produce the same word form. So instead of remembering a bunch of 1:1 mappings from all the adpositions to endings, you first do a 1:N mapping to cases, and then 1:1 from cases to endings.
you don't need global. just connecting the eu together has significantly strengthened their grid.
Zulip has Slack-compatible incoming webhooks. Is that not sufficient?
It's probably more like a utility at this point and perhaps should be regulated as such. Utilities generally don't interject themselves into people's communications, and they can't refuse people service except for carefully regulated reasons.

The only publishing-like activity social media sites partake in are the curated news feeds. It's not clear that the service hosting accounts and people's communications as a utility has to be the same as the one providing curated feeds. That's one way to approach this anyway.
99.9% is about right, though for most people it's all but certainly generous to the books.

There are ~40 -- 150 million books published in total.[1]

Your reading lifetime is roughly 4000 weeks.[2] Figure how many books you read per week, and you've got a sense of how what you might be able to read fits into the total.

Using the lower bound of 40 million books:

- 4000 / 40 million is 0.01%. Which would put 99.99% of all books being not worth reading. Note that most people don't read a book a week.

- Tyler Cowan's 5 books a day works out to 140,000 in our 4,000 week lifetime, or 0.35%. That leaves 99.65% of all books not worth reading. I suspect this is an ambitious pace.

________________________________

Notes:

1. US Library of Congress catalogues about 40 million individual titles. Google estimated some years back that about 140 million books had ever been published.

2. 4,000 weeks is 76 years, 7 months, and 28 days. If you begin reading seriously at about age 10, that gets you to age 85. Give or take.
Well I was counting on NAND flash. That's how are getting more transistors per chip with them. The memory cells have basically stopped shrinking in NAND and actually got bigger when we first started to stack them.

FinFETs effectively lets us pack transistors closer. This is because much of the structure of a transistor is in a 3D fin that sticks out of the wafer. By making the fin taller, you can pack the transistors even closer. But it can be argued that by volume, transistors are basically the same size. GAAFETs lets us go even further with this idea.
Hawkeye is what Red Delicious used to be. You can still find it grown by smaller orchards around the country.
Agreed, the older I get the more I tend toward exclusively reading novels and histories.
Generally you won't find investors pouring millions into co-op because investors do this in expectation of ownership and control -- the opposite of what they get in a co-op. So it's harder for a co-op to raise the ridiculous amounts of money they need to pay outsized compensation.

Instead, part of the compensation package is to not be beholden to corporate overlords and quarterly report-driven shareholder value-based crap. I'm absolutely willing to take a financial pay cut for that.
Their domain name prices are higher, and I feel like their might have been something else, but I don't remember. I still have shared hosting with them because I haven't bothered to shop around on that yet (I have more domain names than sites I host).