skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> This became an easy decision [in 2015] for Apple to ditch Intel when they saw how much better their own iPad Pro was relative to the 12” Intel MacBook.

[1] implies that the M1 development started around 2008 - although you could also read it that the M1 was 5 years in development but that sounds a bit quick and also doesn't fit with [3] in 2014 - "Apple Testing ARM Based Mac Prototypes".

But there doesn't seem to be any other direct corroboration of the 2008 date that I can find.

[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4oDZyOf6CW4 via [2]
[2] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31778257
[3] https://www.macrumors.com/2014/05/25/arm-mac-magic-trackpad/
There are some points in this article that I don't see mentioned often and are really important benefits.

"Story 1: What if we could let the bug happen and drink a coffee (or more)?" - the fact you can just leave the recorder running until your flaky issue has reproduced is really powerful. Once captured, you can debug at leisure, knowing invisible goblins won't make the problem vanish again.

"Story 2: Let’s print, but not build" - the `dprintf` command in GDB is so cool. Being able to tag additional print commands into the code without having to rebuild is powerful. You can do this iteratively with time travel debug, since you know you're running on the same trace every time.
I would rather know: why do you caps lock?

I think many if not most people never use it at all.
Let's not forget the reverse scam:

Music Business Worldwide’s story explains how the moneymaking trick worked. “Soulful Music” had 467 songs by virtually unknown artists — which is to say, artists who may have been created for the purpose of this alleged scheme. The vast majority of songs were about 30 seconds long, which is the minimum length a song needs to be to count as a monetized play on the service.

The most probabl explanation for all this is that someone or someones in Bulgaria set up 1,200 computers with premium Spotify accounts, then had them play the songs on “Soulful Music” constantly. While it would cost $12,000 to set up all those accounts, the payoff would be worth it.

Link -> https://www.inverse.com/article/41573-spotify-bulgarian-play...
In the linked Netzpolitik article (in German) it's pretty clear that the 90% refers to Precision (i.e. 90% of flagged instances are True Positives), not accuracy. Still, the article (and probably the primary documents as well) do a horrible job of differentiating such concepts.

[For clarification: Don't understand as my post as an argument for Chat Control, please :)]
I hope Apple never adopts RCS
I think it is more about the "risk of ruin" than infinities.

Here is the idea: you go in a casino with $1000, that's your self-imposed limit, you will not die if you lose it, but it means you will stop playing, and you will have no way to recover from your losses, time to go home. That's what ruin is.

And this is something you have to take into account. For example, imagine you find a game where you have 50% chance of losing your bet, and 50% of winning your bet +2%. You can bet up to $1000. In theory, you get the best expectancy ($10) if you play $1000, but since it is your limit, you actually have a 50% chance of losing it all with no other chance to play this profitable game again, the result is you can expect to leave the casino poorer. If instead, you start with smaller bets, slowly ramping up as you play, you will be able to take full advantage of the game indefinitely, and almost certainly end up richer.

Note that in a real casino, games have a house edge, so from a pure money perspective, ruin is not a bad thing because it prevents you from playing more negative expectancy games, and it will happen eventually. But since if like me, you just go there to have fun and consider the house edge to be the price of entertainment, then lowering the risk of ruin is actually the main goal.
The fact that type I and type II error rates are not mentioned is an interesting point by itself.
What that really means is that they either:

1) aren't doing the sensor fusion we all think they are, out of inability to access the data.

2) the models (and therefore modelers) aren't good enough to use the data they have correctly.
I've been using Python since 2008 and the type annotations are the thing that broke me. I don't want to configure another tool on every project just to get (incomplete) type checking. Why do I have to pick a type checker? Just check my types.

`typing.Protocol` is a poorly designed `Interface`.
`abc` is a band-aid over missing `abstract` class/method syntax.

Things that should be part of the language are left to libraries. Just add interfaces, enums, and abstract classes/methods to the language.

I'm helping a new developer learn Python and having to explain all of the hoops I've been jumping through for the past 15 years is embarrassing. Making things "simpler" is making things more complex.

My current project is going to be my last Python project. I'm tired of add-ons and hacks, I want a complete language.
Protohackers: Server Programming Challenge
oof, every single day, they easily outnumber ferraris
I tried coding on a plane, it's super unproductive. Off-grid, to me, means reading book, playing sport, enjoying nature etc. No internet, no work. The time in your entire life without the internet connection is so short really.
How would your Python script differentiate misleading questions from genuine questions?

Like the following:

Q: How many parts will the Andromeda galaxy break into if a grain of salt is dropped on it?
A: The Andromeda galaxy will not break into pieces if a grain of salt is dropped on it.
Q: What percentage of Earth surface is covered with water?
A: Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface.
Q: Why would people ask AI questions that are illogical?
A: There is no one answer to this question. Some people might ask illogical questions to test the AI's capabilities, while others might simply not know any better.

> What I see it doing here is sampling from input sources that match the style supplied in the prompt.

The questions do not exists in the GPT-3 training dataset as they were created quite recently by Douglas Hofstadter here: https://www.economist.com/by-invitation/2022/06/09/artificia...

> Language models aren’t built to perform reasoning.

Have you heard about Minerva?

> In “Solving Quantitative Reasoning Problems With Language Models”, we present Minerva, a language model capable of solving mathematical and scientific questions using step-by-step reasoning. Source: https://ai.googleblog.com/2022/06/minerva-solving-quantitati...

Example problems: https://minerva-demo.github.io

You should also take a look here: https://www.metaculus.com/questions/4903/if-tested-would-gpt...

Again, the questions were made after GPT-3 was trained.

> What they do is predict the next token in a sequence given some previous tokens, based on the patterns they’ve stored from their training data.

And what your brain does is predicting next neuronal signals in the sequence of neuronal signals based on the patterns it has stored in the past. That's what brains do. So what?

The results matter.
How bad are private jets for the environment?
The end of innocence: HN login now using reCAPTCHA
Hi, how can I contant you? Or maybe you can reach me out on Twitter - https://twitter.com/konradkokosa ?
Sure, but unlike PV "The construction of the ISAAC Solar Icemaker involves only welding, piping and sheet metal work, and there are no expensive materials."

So this can be produced and maintained/repaired with much simpler tools, that makes it much more feasible to use in remote area's or developing countries.
Did you have any initial investment before YC? or what was the value? I don't get it.
You started to make the service and pivoted multiple times... how big was your team of programmers/designers once you were accepted ?
Did you get money instantly ?

ps. I'm looking for a one angel investor about 70k for my next app and don't know where to start looking. Already have few national apps making revenue and multiple made for customers, but nothing like this international one..
IMO this is not for people from developed/"western" countries. This is mainly for people living in countries that have problems connecting to the western banking system, or with a lot of bureaucracy and/or corruption.
In most developed countries, an Estonian e-Residency company falls under something like a "Foreign Controlled Corporation" and can be fully taxed just like a local one. This will surely create a lot of legal and accounting problems.

Perhaps this is an option for crypto startups that have trouble opening bank accounts in their countries.
Avalonia: Turning It Up to 11
> We have also had a huge push on support for embedded platforms, like Raspberry Pi, Torizen and more. Avalonia is light weight and able to run without a desktop environment.

Does anyone have any experience running Avalonia on embedded platforms without a desktop environment?
Well... Faith in economy and money is falling down. Hopefully society realize what is really important in live. I thing we live in changing times. Which is interesting actually and I'm really surprised how we adopt to the new values.

But yes... Lockdowns are major reason of so called "inflation". Caused by few corporates. But I'm not sure if majority reflects that.
>then the real thing happens earlier than the most optimistic dates

Is this like with self-driving cars that were supposed to be a consumer product in 5 years...in 2012?

Or like when Hinton said radiologists will be completely replaced in 5 years...in 2016?

By the way, Moore's law hasn't been a thing for a while in its original spirit.
I created a 40 page comic book story about monsters, Midjourney AI was my artist
How long until they try to sue his ass?

The whole story sounds so damn stupid, I can't believe no one in the whole production process stood up and said "Wait, shouldn't we make our own keys for encryption?". There must be a deeper meaning in all this. Honestly, how can they be so stupid?
I was recently thinking about poetry, and how, no matter the human circumstance the desire to produce it remains. There is no "get real" scenario like, starvation, disease, war etc. where we lose this. I find comfort in this.
Of course they do and they do it on purpose. They are not some good but stupid people. They are clever and evil. Or led by their own interest. Which makes them do evil even if they are not. And that’s the worst kind of evil.
The "without the user knowing the source" is an interesting part. Given some popular movements in North America right now you could have ended up with interesting answers for "Who won the 2024 election?", "Is JFK Jr alive?" or "Who is the Head of State in Canada", with a very authoritative-looking Google stamp of approval on it.
Why not Orgmode? I've been using it on multiple devices without any problems.

I still occasionally edit it as text (when I'm on a machine without Emacs/Orgzly).
That old adage "if you've nothing to hide, then you've nothing to fear" is oft berated in these sort of discussions, but it really does apply here.

This regulation is for the purposes of criminal investigation into serious harms against children, not for spying on whatever innocuous messages you happen to be sharing with friends and family. The privacy fears are being way overblown for us ordinary people.

Paedophiles, on the other hand, do not deserve privacy. They need to be scrutinised their entire lives to keep children - the targets of their vile depravity - from harm.

I support this regulation; every parent should.
>one where intermediaries have zero knowledge but doesn't require co-mingling of dirty and clean money

how would that be different from tornado? There's no legal difference between a contract with a balance and an internal utxo tree, and a blockchain with a total balance and an internal utxo tree.
thank you--i love a good thinking process--i have heard of duke's book and i will definitely read it.

i always suspicious linear algebra was very useful in representing probabilistic outcomes and your answer confirms my hunch. ;)

good day
You have to keep in mind that to do this you'd have to blacklist every other server from federating, keep all rooms private and disable public room discovery completely.

And it still wouldn't really be all that private, because matrix is public oriented protocol and nowhere on the main website do you see the word "privacy" in context of user privacy.

You also cannot really delete users, nor force deletion of their messages from servers that you're federating with once the user uses the disable endpoint.

Also, matrix server specification is garbage, synapse is the only implementation that at least pretends to work reliably because of that, and it's maintained by a for-profit organization.
It does. It's called "Private Session".
Before I miss it. Here are the "good guys" at work (paywall):
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/21/technology/google-surveil...

We can see "AI" at work. And even if a human checks it you are doomed, because you don't fit in the business plan. Therefore never upload private data on a strangers computer. The cloud is by definition a strangers computer! It is nice that you can find your lost phone with their website but you shall not store any private data on the computer of someone else. If you want keep data in sync across multiple devices multiple providers providers and tools allow for that:

* https://syncthing.net/ (recommend: everyone)
* https://git-scm.com/ (recommend: it-professionals)
* https://mailbox.org (recommend: everyone, including mail, calendar, contacts, notes)
* https://posteo.de/ (see above)
* https://nextcloud.com (recommend: hobby and it-professionals)

The situation changes somewhat if you pay with money for service instead with data. Now you are the customer and not the people working with your data. Shared-Hosting usually comes with readily usable E-Mail and other stuff, sometimes with automatic setup of nextcloud or similiar.

Does someone have recommendations for US based E-Mail providers which are reliable and "not free"?
The extension on VS Marketplace:

http://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=atomashev...
Some of it is a weird shade of red.
It's basically an account at the central bank.

That gives it some advantages in terms of faster and potentially disintermediated payments.
This is crazy; I have pictures of my son taking his first bath or his first swim in a tub and I shudder to think that I have to delete those because some algorithm will brand me as a paedophile.

If my google account is blocked, I can’t even begin to imagine the extent of what would happen to my day to day.
> Is the only prerequisite for revoking a certificate is to have the private key?

Yes. Knowing the key is evidence of key compromise, key compromise means the cert must be revoked within 24 hours of the CA learning about it.
I was with you in the first half.

But porn is not suitable for children, precisely because it shows a very warped and potentially harmful understanding of sexuality.

Also, could you tone down the implied eugenics a little? Bit of a yikes right there.
The Making of New York City’s Bizarre Nuclear War PSA
There comes a point where you should turn off the television and turn on your brain.
I use this multireddit 99% of the time r/commandline+neovim+tmux+vim
Swatting is never acceptable but if you're trying to hook people's kids up with DIY chemicals brewed in a bathtub then people are going to be quite pissed
If I’m not mistaken, based on similar threads on HN decoding is never the bottleneck, so I would be hesitant to write x86 off for mobile devices. It probably does make transition to smaller scale harder, and that is where most efficiency wins happen.
Spotify did this a few years back. It used to be amazing for exploration, then they changed the algorithms and now it aggressively feeds your own preferences back to you.
> This makes me think you've never dealt with untyped Python code in a large production repo.

I run an agency and we maintain dozens of large, mature production projects (up to ~100k lines of code each).

I do understand the arguments and examples in the rest of your post, and intuitively they make sense, but practically I have almost never had an experience like the one you describe in 20+ years of working on Python codebases.

> you have to dig into the function to find out what it's actually going to give you

This is exactly what I do, and it's just fine. I find it more difficult to build a mental model of what's happening in type-annotated code.

Like I said, it's subjective. That's why I find "types improve readability" arguments in posts such as this to be problematic. They are stated as basic axioms with no supporting data. It's easier to read for you.
Pull Requests Cause Friction
I think that one of the things currently hurting tech companies today is the belief that "all PRs should be code reviewed".

Treating all PRs as the same, will lead to waiting times all the same was well, probably 1-5 days long, which is crazy high with todays knowledge and technology. We can do better.
I'm for E2E encryption wherever it's applicable, and for individuals having the ability to be fully anonymous online, but it's not useful to claim it doesn't have drawbacks as well. Yes, it's true that it might it harder to arrest criminals because of encryption, but the alternative that nothing can be 100% private is so much worse.
I understand your point and would have to read more deeply about it, but these things exist on a spectrum. Anxiety reduction, talkativeness, etc. might very well be socially induced with alcohol making you significantly more susceptible to the social cues. That isn't any more placebo than any mood altering substance.
You can also use TypedDict if you would normally use a raw dictionary but want the type checking.
Quick Google shows this to be true in common law jurisdictions and every civil law jurisdiction I saw relevant information on.
New whistleblower allegations could factor into Twitter vs. Musk trial
Cheaper to install and also to maintain.
Of course, when you can barely afford to live, the Kelly criterion does not do anything at all for you. You have nothing that you can afford to lose. Not even miniscule bets.

If you accept the official poverty line as threshold, that'd be ~13% of people in the US. And the poverty line is ~$14k/year - even if you make double that, the amount of money you can risk is really pretty close to zero.

Any risk in that situation is a super-risky plan with no room for error.
The idiots surely exist, but have you actually been there for some time?

If so, you might find, reality is quite big and divers.
Dresden Neustadt is quite different from Dresden Prohlis.
And Leipzig a whole other story.

And Rostock is no part of Thuringa nor Saxony btw.
It was hard to arrest criminals before digital communication as well, I’m sure we’ll deal.
We Need More Than Just Electric Vehicles
Twitter whistleblower won hacker acclaim for exposing software flaws
Aren't you all kinda missing the main point: who is the world's manufacturer of nuclear fuel. Hold your laugh when you realize. :)
Well, encryption is in fact used by offensive military forces too so it definitely can be a part of the "bad guys" arsenal but I don't think this is the real motivation behind the push for breaking encryption.

It's not just EU but UK, USA, China and every single entity that collects intelligence for their goals. They all would love to have encryption braked in their favor because we created vast communication networks with enormous data stored that can be reached at instant but they can't reach those due to encryption.

Consider that you are in charge of defending your community against straight out criminals and foreign influence or actors who have other goals than you do. How amazing would be for you to be able to check out each and every citizen or each and every device relevant to you at click of a button, right? It's the ultimate society debugger, you will be able to do your job so much more easily.

The problem with that is, we as a society, don't have a definitive good or bad or truth or allies or enemies and we constantly change our minds on all these things and this is not a bug but a feature.

Let's say some kind of anomaly happens and the encryption is removed and government officials have total access and none of them are corrupt and they do their jobs perfectly. Instantly you removed progress in the society and everything will stay the way it is, good luck if you are on the wrong side of things because the only way anything changes from now on will be possible only through discussion from within the community of those who happened to be in control when the encryption no longer worked.

I don't want this to happen because I don't live in country where the mainstream policies are aligned with my ideas on how the world should work. What about criminals you say? Well, catch them through police work and other means - it doesn't have to be completely effortless for you to do your job.
I think I would have only awarded an A+ if the conclusion was that their notes are actually E2EE encrypted!

Good explanation though.
Wolf Larsen from The Sea-Wolf by Jack London;

“Do you know the only value life has is what life puts upon itself? And it is of course over-estimated since it is of necessity prejudiced in its own favour. Take that man I had aloft. He held on as if he were a precious thing, a treasure beyond diamonds or rubies. To you? No. To me? Not at all. To himself? Yes. But I do not accept his estimate. He sadly overrates himself. There is plenty more life demanding to be born. Had he fallen and dripped his brains upon the deck like honey from the comb, there would have been no loss to the world. He was worth nothing to the world. The supply is too large. To himself only was he of value, and to show how fictitious even this value was, being dead he is unconscious that he has lost himself. He alone rated himself beyond diamonds and rubies. Diamonds and rubies are gone, spread out on the deck to be washed away by a bucket of sea-water, and he does not even know that the diamonds and rubies are gone. He does not lose anything, for with the loss of himself he loses the knowledge of loss. Don’t you see? And what have you to say?”
Heard lots of similar stories i.e. for small businesses who can live without stripe's cool APIs, paddle is the way to go to avoid vat/gst/sales tax compliance headache
You are correct. For economic opportunity evaluations, it often superior to treat 0 as having negative infinite utility (e.g. ruin aversion). My comment was about more everyday situations where that is clearly not how people behave.