skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I... don't particularly get it. He mentions spoofing, he writes a page about how spoofing works... but says a lot less about how it actually impacts his solution or how to fix it.

Besides the fact that implementing a new security scheme means you have to think through every possible path and can be sure you're still missing a few, there are two major issues:

- not everybody has SPF or DKIM, and definitely not everybody has DKIM.

- both of those authenticate the domain, not the username. Within the local org network I can probably spoof email usernames without much effort.

Plus... I don't think mailto links really work universally. I remember the last time I clicked one it opened an unconfigured Outlook, even though I use gmail.
That game was really good though. I was reminded of a comment I read earlier to the extend that HL3 was never made because they couldn’t find a way to make it as much of a game changer as HL1&2 had been.
As someone who teaches in university I can tell you by experience that the worst students are those who think they already know what you are going to tell them.

The thing is: it is hard to tell them apart quickly from those who actually already know, without having them take some test.

And even if you have them take the test, you cannot be sure they miss some fundamental core concept that will be crucial to understand later.

I myself had to go through introductions more than once that I thought will not offer me anything new, but going through the basics once in a while with a better understanding can be of incredible value
While impressive, it doesn't imply that GPT would have any significant 'task memory'. Remember that it always predicts the next token or word - as such, it essentially recognizes whether the next 'task' in the list has already been written, and if so, it writes the next task.

It might be interesting to see how well it is able to modify the first output given some aspect of the final tasks.
It definitely struggles with relationships between objects, often confusing them instead (e.g. printing the baby on the dollar bill instead of swimming to it in this case)
Apollo Comms Recreating TV from the Moon
That's not a store-release, it's a store-release followed by a full memory barrier. A store-release is fast but does not order the store against subsequent loads.
> Staking pools are already heavily centralizing power in the network on centralized exchanges and """"decentralized"""" contract pools

That's just not true. Check the PoW and PoS pie charts here:

https://etherscan.io/stat/miner?range=7&blocktype=blocks

https://beaconcha.in/charts/pools_distribution

It's easy to see that they are extremely similar in terms of centralization.
Excellent! So good to see people building easy to use UIs that get you started with stuff like this. A lot of time you just want to get something simple done and this kind of UI is perfect for that.
It sounds like somebody's got a case of the WFH movement is gutting middle management ;)

In all seriousness though, this stuff is sobering to say the least. It's dangerous to extrapolate from 80% to 100%, but it's entirely possible that these things get good enough to take a meaningful bite out of software jobs.

It would be supremely ironic if after a decade of thinking taxi and truck drivers were going to be put out of work it turns out computer programmers have their jobs threatened by generative models sooner!
Email is not a secure method of communication.
The according talk is linked here in the comments - no, it wasn't just lossy mode. It was much harder, but in the end it was reproduced on other quality levels.

But if it happened once, who's gonna guarantee this won't happen again? When it happens with numbers, worst case it can have fatal consequences.
>Volvo, Ericsson, Saab, ABB,...

I know this sounds silly or wrong, but most dont think of those as "Tech" Companies. Modern world uses of "Tech" now mostly means Software.
> I find it curious that the customer using the product in an unintended way would be upsetting to the vendor

Because your customer, in so doing, is stealing from your other customers and undermining your reputation as a vendor.

Plus, you're disheartened because this interaction is a waste of time, regardless of the fact you get paid: if money was all you cared about, you wouldn't be in education.
You need to click through to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_predictive_coding to see more of the details, and of course use the hyperlinks to learn more. It's basically a formant synth.
Unpopular take: users should be free to use bad and insecure passwords for services they don't care about.
gas fees will not get affected by the merge from a users point of perspective (there is a lot going on for validators etc). This was not part of the plan.

In this regard there was kind of a shift over the last years of how Ethereum is working and wants to work. The current vision of Ethereum is roughly: There is a protocol layer (1) and an application layer (2). User transactions should be dealed with on layer 2 with fees around 0.1$. Layer 1 is considered as the generalized security layer to make specialized layer 2 possible without downsides. User transactions can be that cheap because they are part of an accumulated so called rollup, there are different kind of rollups for more specialized use-cases.

But to come back to your initial question. There are also updates in the pipeline for ethereum to increase its performance in regard of gas fees and ts/s >100x in the coming ~5y. There will be several small updates, way way easier to implement than the merge. The first should hit mainnet 2023.. but time will tell ;)
Seems to me like a made up problem. Are there issues with transactional e-mail delivery, just change your provider.
> Which exchange or fund will lose a vast chunk of its holdings?

You really think that a crypto exchange's staff is prone to sending all their customer funds to some random email scammer?
100%. Ebikes could take most of our travel concerns. That and food delivery and we're all good.

I'm always amazed at literally any city in Australia. Zero focus on bikes. And hell electric skateboards and scooters are against the law in most states.
I like the idea but instead of mailto which I find annoying why not simply ask the user to send us an email with a hello message? The email address we provide can be unique per sign up if required.

So no copy pasting of codes, or having a specific format of the email. We just need to check the sender and recipient.
Yeah I don’t get it. Is this the reasoning?

Email is slow to get to me

I use neomutt (there are dozens of us, dozens!) and so links sometimes are wonky.

So let’s use SPF and DMARC, something totally outside of a regular email user’s control, to do this task. And hope that it works.
I go to website, get mailto link for my work email and send it from my personal email. Then I sit there and wait because there are lots of indeterminate third parties on the way sending my mail on.
I also wonder if NREs can stay cheaper once we actually try to replace the entire world electricity production considering the higher material usage than nuclear if concrete and steel production cannot keep up with demand.

(well, in the end whichever we do is better than doing nothing)
Funnily enough, I first heard of this book from the late John J. Reilly, who wrote among other things, what a future world government might look like:

> The function of emperors is to read their mail. That, at least, is the conclusion reached by Fergus Millar is his exhaustive study, "The Emperor in the Roman World." Most of the time, emperors waited for problems to come to them. They answered queries from their governors and they sat as the court of last resort in certain legal disputes. They answered a remarkable number of written petitions from private persons, even from slaves. However, except in extraordinary situations, and those mostly concerned military emergencies, they did not plan vast reforming "programs" for their reigns. They scarcely had "policies." Their policy was to keep the great barge of empire floating along with as little disruption as possible. They could act decisively to aid or punish individuals, even whole cities, but their capacity to affect life in the empire as a whole was limited.

> Something like this also seems to have been true in China, to judge from Ray Huang's snapshot history of the Ming Dynasty, "1587: A Year of No Significance." In that case, the right of petition was rather more limited. It extended to local magistrates, who did not hesitate to pepper the imperial secretariat with memorials containing their bright ideas. The emperor exercised "government" by writing "approved" on the memorials he like or "acknowledged" on the ones he didn't. Except for a few large, continuing government functions, such as guarding the northern frontier and maintaining the dikes on the Yangtsee, that was the extent of administrative control that the central government would exert itself to exercise.

https://web.archive.org/web/20120416115756/http://www.johnre...
Getting Gmail to support "verify" in the same way as it supports unsubscribe will make 99% of these problems go away
Common good of their master race / chosen people. Sorry I thought that was implied.
My tone doesn't make me wrong, or how I convinced the Ruby project to fix a bug
Back in 2012 I encountered a bug that took me through many hoops to get fixed, all because of a single developer, which compelled me to start an infamous email thread.
I was not sure about copilot but it's amazing. You can put your pseudo code up in comments and it fills out the boiler plate. For things like plumbing info from the db to the front end it's amazing how much time it saves.
There is even a term for it: bore-out. Been there, it's not a happy place.
Which is something mescc and friends solve. Zig doesn't need to solve the full bootstrap from nothing chain, just the entry.
I think of it as: computing the chain rule in the order such that we never need to compute Jacobians explicitly; only Jacobian-vector products.

I also didn't totally grasp its significance until implementing neural networks from matrix/array operations in NumPy. I hope all deep learning courses include this exercise.
So instead of an HTTP syncronous POST request, you want to trade it for a brittle implementation of a to-be-implemented-standard that requires the sending email client to be on point? And that I will wait while my outgoing email server isn't delayed?

And what if I use my ISP provided email, and move? Am I just locked out of accounts?

I appreciate the thought process of rethinking our assumptions. But this is not fruitful - the tradeoffs are trivially obvious and unacceptable failure modes.
> He was quickly explaining the chords based on the diatonic scale — how the dissonance of the tri-tone in the 5-chord with the flat-7 is what makes it want to resolve to the 1. Within a minute, he started quizzing me.

> “If the 5-chord with the flat-7 has that tri-tone, then so does another flat-7 chord. Which one?”

> “Uh… the flat-2 chord?”

> “Right!"

What chords is he talking about (or did he mis-type)? I read "5-chord with flat-7" as G7 and "flat-2" as Dm7, but G7 and Dm7 don't share a tri-tone, only an interval. ?
Legendary Amazon Pip Story (2020)
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Placements start with Makers 16 week coding bootcamp followed by a Jr dev placement with Deloitte and GDS. £30,500 salary. Hybrid working in Bristol.

Makers bootcamp is usually £8,500 and this will be fully funded via this opportunity.

If you know of anyone looking to pivot into tech or looking for an entry role - please share.
I was only in college for a brief stint, but I ran into this problem as well when I went to college. Although I hadn't been in the industry yet, I was a hobbyist for a long enough time for the intro to CS at my college to be simply pointless. After a couple weeks, I was able to convince my professor that I should be able to test out, and despite the fact that there was no procedure, I was able to just take the final exam, pass, and move up to the next course.

That next course also seemed pretty basic, but I hit a brick wall, because I didn't have the required math credits to get into the next course up if I tested out of that one. And testing out of a math class, while certainly doable, was not as enticing as a prospect :)

The truth is, while it's reasonable for an intro to CS course to be kind of basic, I think it was a good sign that either college, or at least the college I was going to for computer science, was not a good option at that point in my life. Thankfully, circumstance would knock me into the industry instead in short order.

(Now I'm interested in college, but not for computer science.)
The character "à" as a single byte E0, as far as I know, is not UTF-8. This is the 224th character of the extended ASCII table (also ISO 8859). It's another system: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_ASCII

This representation is incompatible with UTF-8, which marks the octet series Cx, Dx, Ex and Fx as leading bytes. You can see the table here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8#Codepage_layout

What I believe Kernighan _wants_, is to reuse a lot of code that was designed for ASCII. Code that treats 1 char as 1 byte. In order to do that, he is going to encode each unicode character using 4 of whatever type he was previously using before, zeroing the "pad" bytes, which is exactly what UTF-32 does. This way, he doesn't have to fundamentally change all the types he is already working with. (ps: I looked at the commit after I wrote this, he doesn't seem to be doing what I suggested).

Your PS snippet failed for me "Method invocation failed because [System.String] does not contain a method named 'EnumerateRunes'."

Dit it in bash, which supports UTF-8 and lets you explicitly set the encoding:

$ LC_ALL=C bash -c 'x=à; echo ${#x}'
2
$ LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 bash -c 'x=à; echo ${#x}'
1

These snippets count the number of chars according to the selected encoding.

If I had UTF-32 locales in my machine, "à" would appear as 4. Unfortunatelly I don't know any system that implements UTF-32 to display its behavior.

Let's now reconstruct "à" in UTF-8, telling bash to use only ASCII:

$ LC_ALL=C bash -c 'printf %b \\xC3\\xA0'
à

I've tunneled UTF-8 through an ASCII program, and because my terminal accepts UTF-8, everything is fine. Didn't even had to use \u escapes. This backwards compatibility is by design, and chosing between UTF-8, 16 and 32 plays a role in how you're going to deal with these byte sequences.
And I Dislike all Three of them ( I used to be on Apple's side with Steve Jobs as CEO though ).

Now they are all the same.
At the end of this comment there is what I believe is a single grapheme cluster. On disk this single "letter" occupies 73 bytes. Surprisingly large number of tools and editors know how to work with things like these and render them at least somehow

I think I once created one that was about a kilobyte. Is there an upper limit?

I created it using this page
https://glitchtextgenerator.com/

The 73 byte X:

x̧̡̬̘͓̖̲̻̻̲̠̪̻͓͙̜̂̓̊̔̀̀͗̑̀̅̀̂̚͘̕̚͘͢͜͠
It's a guessing game. Referring to a guessing game as a complex mathematical problem is misleading.
Before smartphones in Japan, this is how mobile websites did signups. Every phone had an email address and you verified it by sending a blank email via a mailto link. Restaurants and Karaoke places had QR codes on their menus for this.

Seems like this practice died out when messaging apps (LINE) displaced mobile email. I thought it was kind of cool but managing spam filters was a pain.
Would any human other than the late Saul Zaentz make that argument?
Without a code, there is a pretty high risk of an attacker social engineering an account holder into sending an email.

I haven't really thought this through (what an attacker would gain), just want to point out the general risk.
Your argument is akin to saying "there's so much theory crammed into Astronomy that students do not get to look through a telescope much"

CS fundamentally is not about computers. It's about math and the flow of information between theoretical machines. Computers just happen to be a physical implement.

The idea that universities should teach to develop industry-fit individuals is just an extension of commodifying university education. Why not let the industry handle training for what they need their people to do, and let universities focus on their intended goal: create more university professors/researchers.

What about moving the responsibility (and financial risk) off students' backs and to the corporations that want to exploit the knowledge gained in a degree through apprenticeship and learning to code through experience?
Clunky? More like spartan. I can't even set basic things such as port forwarding.
I’ll just paste my questions from below:

Can someone clarify the point about expected price action changes for ETH/USD and other pairs?

Presumably the author believes a smaller proportion of Ether will be regularly traded than on the PoW system, but will the total staked (i.e. held) amount be sufficient to impact prices significantly? Also, why would we expect stakers to not take their profits on a regular basis? (Note: another commenter pointed out unstaking won’t be possible for the time being. That does answer the question for the short-term).

What’s the meaning (and reasoning behind) the following statement:

> Ethereum will move from a system that has roughly $20mm a day of structural outflows to a system that has roughly a half a million dollars a day of structural inflows.
> If you own a large amount of a currency,

you rug pull, divest into hard cash at peak, <any of the dozens of ways people with large amounts of cryptocurrencies get rid of those>
> The ACTUAL result was the opposite. Ratios of executive vs worker pay only increased from ~70x to over 300x, and the share of the total GDP going to labor declined to the lowest point ever.

You're assuming a cause effect relationship. The far more likely causes of this are automation (allowing more work done by machines than people) and globalisation (allowing reach of larger markets).

That's the mechanisms. As for the philosophy: I don't buy the idea that a CEO getting richer hurts me. What's important is that my standard of living is better than my parents', and my children's will be better still. If someone wants to risk it all for a big win then good for them. They will probably fail, and lose years off their life, but occasionally they will succeed. Only pointing at the people whose risk-taking paid off and saying "See!" is not a good way to understand (or communicate) the full picture of what's going on when people invest or run their own company.
I’ve seen many instances where a low-skill programming place either lives with a bug, or alternatively, adopts a solution that involves meticulously copy&pasting a workaround into 300 places.

Having said that, I know great, intelligent programmers, sone of who worked on compilers, who are simply bad in a whiteboard setting. Having a filter is necessary, I’m just not convinced a Google-style interview filters exactly the right thing.
This ignores many of the main reasons why an application does email verification - to improve chances that the user is not a robot, that the stack is setup correctly, that the user actually can receive and open email, and that the user is who they claim they are.

It's not "just" to verify that this user controls the email address.
Well, it's more like - if you can afford 1:1 instruction and find a teacher whose style really fits you, you can really speed up your learning.

I've experienced this with guitar. Self-study can be done but you really need a coach who can push you further than you think you're ready to go, along with tailored instruction. You'll make years worth of progress in months this way.
> And even if you have them take the test, you cannot be sure they miss some fundamental core concept that will be crucial to understand later.

That seems like a bad reason to err on the side of unconditional speed limits. Opportunity cost is real.
I've worked in Corporate America, consulted for government and at startups.

I know it's difficult to understand, but organizing people around large and complex goals is hard, and I wouldn't say that it requires a 'submission of autonomy' ... but it does mean that people's roles become much more narrow and that it's really hard to see every move in the big picture.

The best place to see it is in the military, where people are often thrown in situations with much higher risk etc. where the payoff might not be as much as we'd like ... but if we want to defeat Hitler, that's pretty much the way it's going to be. Soldiers in 'good armies' get to make decisions about the tactical bound in front of them and not much beyond that. No 'big picture' stuff.

Most of corporate America is highly inefficient but it's also not that bad.

Another way to understand it is that inefficiency means underutilization ... but we still show up and have meetings to fill time anyhow. Like some managers could work 25% of the time and do just as well, but their jobs are mostly still important.

It's hard to see that often from a 'single position' - how doing XYZ might seem perfectly obviously in the companies best interest but it may not be able to work that way. Though of course often it is.
That is only possible if the intro course doesn't waste your time with menial work.
Summary: because it’s all about “Me”! Me me me.
80% the people working in Apple now were hired after the Steve Jobs's death. Which means that most of the old Mac, NEXTSTEP folks are likely all retired.

Those that first put out Apple HIG, along with other software UX expert left as well. After Tim Cook fired Scott Forstall and named Jony as the CDO.
This is a good one. Since it's written in PHP, deployment is a breeze as well. Highly recommended.
Your playground link shows a build error. 0.0/0.0 at runtime will be NaN. And in basically every language, 1.0/0.0 is Infinity. But we're talking about 0.0/0.0.

Both good examples of coding where you should be thinking instead, though.
You're right. I'd actually argue (maybe controversially) that this is a feature -- tags and other optional metadata in email addresses are not standardized as unique identities; they're just how Google and a few other email providers have decided to interpret the local part.

That being said, I make use of Google's +-style filtering, so this would also break my own uses :-)
Why I’m convinced India will be a leader in EVs
> Any relatively recent consumer hardware should be capable of running the software required to operate a 32 ETH staking node.

What about storage requirements? How long before you need a dedicated NAS to operate a node?
> where construction companies will just not go because it's certain they will hit ruins and have the project paralized.

I lived in one unspecified East European city and there was parking lot next to my flat where new construction was planned. It was next to old town so first team of archeologists came. They made grid with holes ~1m deep. Barely found anything. So they left. Then crawler excavator came and after while dug through the huge vault of some medieval cellar. Now there is underground garage. But there were cases when garages were made in place of Roman ruins as well, so this was nothing.
Taiwan's GlobalWafers (third largest semiconductor manufacturer with 16% market share) to build $2 billion foundry in Texas, expanding investment to $5 billion over time.

Article also includes a brief walkthrough of the process of making semiconductors as well as an overview of the current global semiconductor market.
Could this be done in a opengl shader? That way it could be run on the GPU and improve performance a lot.

Shadertoy has [1] a dithering example that runs at 60fps, might be the same effect you have though

[1] https://www.shadertoy.com/view/NdsyD7
I hadn't, but results are here: https://twitter.com/dougallj/status/1561255753339781120