skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> Namely what will happen when you first restore some data into a new Postgres instance which booted with its own randomly generated root key (the wrong key) and then how you are supposed to patch in the correct key and be able to start reading secrets again?

We restore you're original key into new projects. There is also WIP on accessing the key through the API and CLI.

> Also, how does the decrypted view look if you try to read it with the wrong key loaded?

The decryption will fail (pgsodium will thrown an error).

> Do you have to worry about a race condition where you boot an instance with some encrypted data but forget to put the key file in place, and then end up with a new random key, saving some new data, and now you have a mix of rows encrypted with two different keys? Or will the whole subsystem block if there’s data stored that can’t be decrypted with the resident key?

There's no race in the system, your key is put in place by us before the server boots.

Thanks for the feedback! I'll put some more thought into your question about authenticating a key is the original before you use it.
> One thing I would add, in addition to the diminishing marginal return of bureaucracy that Tainter mentions, is the tendency of contemporary administrations to create more bureaucracy even when their own stated goal is to reduce bureaucracy or increase efficiency

Hello, Agile.
Most shows were filmed specifically to benefit from commercials at the time. You wonder what's going to happen after each cliffhanger. That's part of the fun. So if it's a show that wasn't filmed with that intent, like when they edited and spliced sex and the city for tbs, I'd imagine that users weren't as engaged.

The title might as well be, "shows that are written specifically to have commercials are more entertaining when the commercials are kept in".
I'm speculating, but I think it is probably because a nuclear power plant isn't something you can easily disconnect and then reconnect later. This particular power plant seems to need an external connection to power its cooling loop, so if you can't switch over to a different power supplier very quickly you need to shut the reactor down first, and they take months to restart.

Further, if Russia wants to use the power for itself they likely have some work to synchronise this power plant with their network that is running a different frequency from the Ukrainian one. There's no real way of knowing how much that work is because it will also depend on how many other generators and consumers they will connect on the way back to their national grid.
I'm not sure how this comment answers what I said
No? How do you mean?
I've read the title as "copilot with copilot" and thought that copilot leaked some parts of itself :)
It doesn’t seem to address the negative test cases either!
I shall play the cynic here.

The problem resolved by Slack is providing an excuse to waste computer resources (RAM, storage, CPU cycles). Reinventing the wheel on Electron (and charging for it) does that admirably.

If you meant functionality, you already had XMPP or other messaging platforms.
Question: how long does it take for that other famous disease to show the long term effects of t-cells exhaustion ?
I don't know anything about Carrie Wood. The firm where I work (same niche as Jane street) makes so much money they don't know what to do with it (spoiler: they distribute it as huge bonuses).

You're starting to sound like one of those "the market is efficient you can't make money trading" morons.
On the subject of math: https://latkin.org/blog/2014/11/22/mullers-recurrence-roundo...
I think the reason that it took so long is because it was actually working by design. The only reason it got fixed is because Qt6 removed the offending feature completely.

The source of the problem is Bearer Management which was a feature of Qt5 where it occasionally polls the OS for WiFi networks to speed up WiFi roaming: https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/bearer-management.html#roaming

However the result of those polling requests is that the OS might opt to drop everything else to complete the network scan. Some incomplete workarounds were implemented that mainly revolved around disabling the feature on affected systems: https://codereview.qt-project.org/c/qt/qtbase/+/214029
Copilot doesn't change the fact that trivial questions (such as 'write a Fibonacci function') can already be googled.

What I don't know (I can't try the 'free' Copilot without providing a credit card), is how well it understands unusual constraints and separate pieces of C++ classes that make the real programs we write.

For instance, a simple test would be: "write a fibonacci function but skip the number 5". Does it do the right thing?

Another challenge would be a C++ class with several fields. That's what our real programs look like: composite data objects, mixing several different algorithms together to implement complex behavior.

Maybe my data structure has a hash table of items, as well as a direct link to the largest item. When I say: "write the function to insert a new item in the list, and remember to update the largest item if it is larger than the current one", would Copilot do the right thing? Each step is easy in itself (adding an element to a hash, comparing an item to another one).
Agreed. I used Supabase for a fairly simple project and felt like I had to know a lot about Postgres to implement anything. If you’re building something yourself, I feel like Firebase is still the safer bet. I’m guessing Supabase really shines when you’re building a startup or have a team.
Okay, and how do you know whether I have a presence in NFTs? Go and check, and do tell me how you figure it out.
> I never understood the obsession with Mercator projection in blog posts and the media.

It’s because American universities and media in recent years strongly incentivize finding racial angles to every story or topic. “How we draw maps is racist” is low hanging fruit. Growing up in racist Virginia in the 1990s, we had globes and the flat wall maps—which still showed the Soviet Union—used an oval projection: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortelius_oval_projection
We are considering running the Vault in Trusted Execution Environments (TEE) that are similar to encrypted VMs, where the memory traffic to the cpu is encrypted until it hits the processor. We're still investigating this possibility but it would make for a more secure cloud environment for sure. Of course AWS charges quite a premium for them!
A lot of CS education is limited by students' ability to code.

If everyone was great at coding after a year or two, you could do a lot more algorithm analysis,theory, engineering principles, mathematics and other sciences, etc.
The sack against the pie (on harmful mental models)
I was with until your unnecessary last comment, but I'll respond anyway.

Macros are a pretty important feature of Elixir that helped get it wider adoption. Without them, things become incredibly verbose. While I totally agree they can be hard to grok, there is absolutely nothing magical about them as they are expanded at compile-time. You can call `Macro.expand` on any AST and see the static code it generates.

Otherwise, with a good, well-documented framework like Phoenix, the majority of users should be able to just use it as-is without needing to show off their intelligence by diving into the underlying implementation ;) <3

PS, I've never had a problem when there's an error in a macro. The line in my app that failed is always in the stack-trace which is all I ever need to debug (though I do wish is drew my eye to it somehow).
And old colleague of mine used to teach CS, when students had to send off code they'd written to Cambridge University for it to be compiled and run, and the results were then returned, all by post.

Then you were able to compile and run code locally on your machine. Then the IDEs came along, with syntax highlighting and then linting.

Copilot is just the next evolution in writing code, and saving you the effort. I bet they railed against Timsort and it's inclusion in the Python standard library, but now who honestly writes their own sorting algorithms?

This kind of generational gap reminds me so much of the "Kids are spending too much time reading" > "Kids are spending too much time watching TV" > "Kids are spending too much time on their phones" rants.
Out of curiosity, which TC ranges do you normally offer?
This could have been the title for the cosmopolitan cross platform binary article too - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32529526
> Elsewhere, the books minimize the role of government in the life of a family that sometimes did have to rely on it, as they took free land and benefited from state funds that paid sister Mary Ingalls’s tuition at the Iowa School for the Blind for seven years, a public subsidy the books quietly omit.

There was also a roller rink near where they lived. LH is a work of fiction. When I read the series it was advertised as such. I don't think it discounts the story much, because the real story is about Laura and how she experienced the world. Laura lived through quite a bit and the story was shaped to emphasize those things.
It’s funny reading that comment from the other side of the fence. I’ve not looked closely at Supabase so I have no real opinion on it, but hearing someone say that you need to know Postgres to work with it is reassuring to me.

Edit: don’t take that as a criticism, just more of an observation that there’s a target audience for which is probably hits a sweet spot.
I understand that C is the same way and that there are benefits for language developers in using their own language, so I can't complain too loudly about languages that do this, but I can attest to the "nightmare" that this creates. I have personally ported java to an operating system that didn't previously have a java compiler. A colleague recently ported rust. Neither had usable cross-compilers. Both require a compiler of their own language to build their own compilers. It's a _giant_ pain in the neck.

I wish that all language devs would provide a way of compiling the build tools with something that nearly everybody already has, like C or C++. Having language support baked into a commonly used compiler like gcc is also nice. I think there are good efforts to get a rust compiler into gcc, and I believe it already works for Go and D and a few others. Such things make adoption outside the standard Windows/Linux world much, much easier.
> I automated part of someone else's job in my free time – how to proceed?

Fist, a misconception, there is no such thing as "free" time (opportunity cost: whatever you do means you're not doing something else in that same time that might benefit you more).

You likely used an hour in which you were not expected to work as work time (as others pointed out, check your employment contract's IP clause and the IP laws of your country).

Write a memo that _proposes_ what you have already built and share it with your manager. If you receive positive feedback, ask would it be valuable if you went ahead and tried your luck, given that you had the idea (and stress that it won't impact your day job!). If you get permission, show the resulting demo, but only after a substantial piece of work of your main job has been completed. Don't give the impression you dropped everything just because you had an idea. Add the line to your CV/resume that you "Proactively conceived and implemented a system that automated a mechanical human process in another department on top of daily duties.", and it may or may not help you get a little bonus and/or promotion at the end of the year - ensure there are other good things you have done in the same year, in particular close to your daily duties).
too many people live in the desert
I mean, they have a HSR system and we have a Tutor Perini Yacht Slush Fund.
They indicate:

> Notably, all four tested NNS (saccharin, sucralose, aspartame, and stevia) significantly and distinctly altered the human intestinal and oral microbiome, as would be expected for these chemically diverse compounds.

But also:

> Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are commonly integrated into human diet and presumed to be inert

So they are presumed to be inert, but also significantly alter microbiome, as would be expected since they are chemically diverse compounds.

They indicate it should be obvious that they are not inert at the same time as they are presumed to be inert? And if it's obvious that they are not inert then why are there so many unanswered questions while they're still allowed into our food system? Is it unreasonable to expect that some newly popular food additive is properly studied before it stats to gain massive adoption in prepared foods?
In researching the answer to this, I discovered that the majority of fire crews in the US and France are volunteers: 70% in US, 80% in France.

(I'm pretty sure the answer to your question is "no", but I didn't get a firm source for that).
Responsive range slider library written in TypeScript
Pure JavaScript without additional dependencies. It has a rich set of settings, including a vertical slider, touch and keyboard support, local and session storage, and RTL support.
> He's also cut the homicide down to below some major US cities.

that's not a great benchmark

US homicide rate is 10 times worse than my country and my country is just average...

Los Angeles alone in a year had more homicides than my entire country (303 vs 279) but my country has 60 million people living in it, LA only 4 million.

> To put that into context the previous administration of El Salvador is accused of embezzling $300,000,000 USD

small potatoes

and who accuses them?

is this president liked by the US?

because Lula is only the last one of a long line of former south american presidents destroyed by US propaganda to put there someone more "friendly"

Lula was innocent BTW
If you give a database client access to the decrypted secrets, then they have them. What the client will not have access to is the hidden root key that is not accessible to SQL that pgsodium uses to encrypt and decrypt data.
Both of Robert Nystrom's books:

- http://gameprogrammingpatterns.com/

- https://craftinginterpreters.com/
German here - It's my understanding that in the US, classes rotate through rooms assigned to subjects (e.g. you go to your next class to the geography room). In Germany, subjects rotate through classes (e.g. 9th grade would have an assigned room, and the geography teacher would show up for the next lesson).

So personally, I don't think I ever saw a geography teacher carry around a globe, nor talk about projections. I feel like I learned about it reading XKCD 10 years later.
Pretty much what the other commenters said. Nobody cares whether your cubesat lives or dies in orbit. However, the radiation tests done on these open source boards have been quite extensive and there are a bunch of cubesats in orbit with these boards right now. They haven’t died from radiation so it’s generally assumed it’s fine. Even NASA has a project using consumer hardware in orbit (KickSat-2). Anyhow, generally you only need to pass the “mechanical” tests like vibration, vacuum, outgassing, etc. A lot of people do radiation testing to ensure that their satellite won’t die in orbit, but as a whole these open source boards like PyCubed pass them enough where you can be sure you’ll get at least a decent amount of time out of it.

If you’re curious about the testing procedure here is a paper one open source project published about it. It’s by no means a comprehensive paper on testing but it gives a general idea. https://roboticexplorationlab.org/papers/PyCubed-SmallSat.pd...
Reader's Digest Complete Guide to Sewing.
> I get it, I’m just another NIMBY

No need for strawmanning.

> There are simply a lot of people out there who can’t live alone without lots of help

You seem to keep labeling people as being intrinsically "homeless", "addicts", "unable to live alone".

This can happen to anybody, just like mental and physical illness can come without warning and without asking for permission.

"housing first" does not automatically imply "housing first and zero social services".
Yes my comment was mostly tougue in cheek, though I do remember responding to an emergency with a Green Goddess with no help during that time. But you forget to mention the second jobs as a factor which from my understanding, considering the time off, is very common in the service.
https://archive.ph/GVAKt
I'm very sympathetic to Marcus' point that AGI requires both symbols (discrete forms of semantic abstraction) and logic, neither of which is likely to emerge gracefully from deep learning or other forms of probabilistic reasoning that isn't curated by explicitly adding objects and relations.

But I'm getting tired of hearing the same old stale philosophical gamesmanship that cognitive science never got beyond. Gary and the other DL naysayers need to offer concrete examples of essential cognitive capabilities that symbolic reasoning can deliver that DL cannot (the way Minsky and Papert did with the perceptron and XOR). Then they need to design and build such models (or add ons) and show us that they outperform as promised.

Otherwise all I'm hearing are just abstract semantic arguments. And after 50+ years of those that led AI nowhere, it's time for all brain builders to do more than argue.
I never understood this obsession. The middle ages, for most, were a miserable and brief existence of hard labor, indentured servitude or conscription. Life expectancy was around 35 due to plague, war, childbirth, or even plain tooth decay.

Camelot is a fun tale but the masses suffered.
It can't be easily explained. There's no school for it. You have to learn by fiddling around. Try this "Tiny Portable ELF" tutorial I wrote a few months ago: https://justine.lol/sizetricks/#elf It shows you how to build your own executable from scratch that runs on four UNIX systems. If you build that code and try to improve upon it, then that should give you a pretty rock solid intuition and background for appreciating APE, since it takes that to the next level, by supporting Mac and Windows too.
The Supabase Vault is encryption at rest, the column is stored encrypted in the database, WAL streams and backup dumps. This is usually more efficient than dealing with full disk encryption, and it allows you to control who sees decrypted data on a role-by-role basis using normal Postgres security GRANTs.

With Full Disk Encryption you also only get encryption to that one disk, if you are doing WAL shipping, the disk you are storing the db on may be encrypted, but the WAL files you ship will not be, so you have to make sure those files are encrypted through a full chain-of-custody. With the Vault the data starts off encrypted before going into the WAL stream. Downstream consumers would need to also acquire the hidden root key to decrypt it. We're working on making that process seamless but also secure.
A competitive multiplayer version of Conway's Game of Life
> If you allow students to use copilot, you're handing out certificates or diplomas to people who can't code. That will very quickly erode the value of your institute's certification, and with it, that of the other students.

Very true. Like it or not, the reputation of educational institutions plays a significant role in candidate selection processes at many companies. If a company brings in 10 graduates from a local college and discovers that 7/10 of them can’t actually write basic code, they’re going to become more hesitant to bring in other graduates from that college. Meanwhile, someone who has Stanford or Harvard on their resume is virtually guaranteed an interview. Reputation matters far more than I ever thought it would.
> > Just because we end up enjoying something more when it has commercials doesn’t mean we expect to enjoy it more that way. DVRs appeal to us because prior to our viewing experience, we think we want no ads. It’s only after we have the experience that we realize it’s more enjoyable when it’s interrupted.

To me, this appears to be rose tinted glasses. We can pause 'TV' now, and do stuff in between like dishes or toilet. But we don't have to. No more forced commercials. Both are features I enjoyed in past with this technology called VHS. One thing I miss is certain jokes at school/work based on TV commercials. But that too is likely those glasses being rose-tinted. Cause nowadays we got memes. Many memes, handle it.

I thoroughly enjoy the ability to have a video on my smartphone on the toilet, in bed or music or a podcast with my smartphone while doing chores/errands or either during commute. And the quality and availability and price of the streaming services is good enough right now (if it isn't I go back to piracy). Same with ebooks (though I use a Kobo; not Amazon).
Government was constructed neither for ability nor for the exercise of loving care; government was built for the use of force and for necessarily demagogic appeals for votes.
- Murray Rothbard
In my case I work for a defense contractor and make decent money.
I could work for another company doing more meaningful work. But I almost certainly would make less money.
This would cause me to fall behind my peers pay scale wise. This is not terrible, as I live well within my means, but this impacts my future pay, and the money I can set aside for investing.
If I take that step now, I’d be leaving a lot of personal wealth on the table.

But if I build up enough investment wealth to pay for my life in the future, I could take on more meaningful work in the future. If I leave for meaningful work now, I may be making money at that pay scale trajectory for the rest of my career, similar to how people who graduated in 2008 have never caught up to their peers wealth wise.

I think it comes down to control about your financial options. Relinquishing income puts you at a disadvantage.
Wow, I had no idea this could be done!

Since we are on the topic of code generation, I had a question. I built this joke script called Rockstar [0] which generates fake git commits resulting in fully green GitHub commit graph. In each commit it adds gibberish, in the last commit adds a valid code. I wanted to know if there’s an easy way to generate realistic looking code which I can use in each commit? I can’t expect users of the script to use OpenAI or any such API service. Something which can be used to generate code locally would be sweet!

[0] - https://github.com/avinassh/rockstar
Shazam is not particularly complex, however it is a very clever solution and a great example of applying a simple engineering concept broadly. I still hold it as one of the best examples of clever engineering in the app world
An aside about the dream of farming. I'd always heard it subtly implied that my maternal grandfather, born 1899, and early on, a farmer in Minnesota, was not much of a farmer, because, ultimately, after 30 years or so of farming, he gave up and moved to California, and took a job in town.

What I did not realize, and subsequently caused me to regard his farming skills with greater generosity, was that during the first fifty years of his life, the percentage of people working on farms went from 20% of the US population to 2%! So, even if one were a good farmer, there was still a very real chance of getting squeezed out.
Perfect for the lego micro display.
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32531887
Remove the excrement and you'll be describing billionaires and big landlords. But they are above and not below society.
If Zig is built on a C compiler, and (I assume) the C compiler self-hosts, then if Zig starts to self-host, it doesn't _introduce_ the dependency on a chain of previously built binaries, it just makes it a step more severe while removing a dependency.

Would you prefer if Zig not only didn't self-host, but didn't have any self-hosting dependencies? For your ideal compiler, would a full build from scratch require making a platform-specific assembler from machine code, then a few stages of successively higher-level languages?
The Volga–Baltic Waterway