skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Apparently over 4500 episodes[1], some of which have gone missing[2]. This is what the Internet keeps telling me is the best source of information:

1. https://muppet.fandom.com/wiki/List_of_Sesame_Street_episode...

2. https://muppet.fandom.com/wiki/Lost_episodes_of_Sesame_Stree...

Someone, somewhere, probably has nearly every episode on slowly deteriorating VCR tape.
> they make money hand-over-fist by exploiting Uighur labor for your shiny metal laptop.

your case would be stronger if you don't overreach .. overall component assembly business is race-to-the-bottom for worker rights, in China now.. that ethnic cleansing you mention is horrible but not exactly the same thing, and intelligent readers may know that. From my point of view, it is the Tibetans to be concerned with, not Uighur. And that is possible a more potent insight .. that Apple knowingly profited from race-to-the-bottom worker conditions, orchestrated under a government responsible for Tibetan cultural genocide. But, it is not the Tibetans that did the assembly, nor to my knowledge the Uighur.
>Where can someone access all of that cultural history?

The high seas of the internet is the only place where gate keepers hold no power
The fastest shell is to not use shell special characters. For example, if you say `foo bar >/dev/null` then Make needs to launch your program as `sh -c 'foo bar >/dev/null`. But if you say just `foo bar` then Make can pass that directly to execve(), bypassing the shell entirely. Sometimes I actually do this:

SHELL := /bin/false

Just to make sure my Makefile doesn't use shell syntax. If you want a `.STRICT` mode, then try Landlock Make.
The same happens in the US every few years as well.

There have been recessions during or after almost every major Republican president's term (Not even trying to be political about this, but history clearly shows the trend)... It's almost as if it is engineered for personal profit. The biggest threat to rebounds this time is the increase in threat of environmental decline and infectious disease that is not allowing economic recovery to be stable.

The only thing supporting whether stability can be re-achieved is the willingness of the middle and lower class to keep paying increasing taxes every year to fund recovery. Governments have been taking taxpayers for granted for ages now, and it's a tipping point that shouldn't be underestimated. Taxes are very high, and bailouts are literally leaking funds to (already very wealthy) people and companies that ritually skirt taxes.

Paying half of an annual salary to government when you see far more wealthy people ritually skirting their tax obligations, and where infrastructure is failing, where healthcare is weak, when the environment is falling apart, when consumer goods and services are radically overpriced, where employees of vital services are quitting, where safety is under threat daily, and where career opportunity is limited -- Well, it's not something that is sustainable at all to say the least.
Would you not want to be listen to? Cared for? Considered? Is this not then the healthy expression of loving one as yourself.

Also, there are many who may harbor destructive habits and may need to be treated not for what they want in the moment but rather what best heals them and returns them to the best version of themselves. Understandably difficult to discern in most situations but difficulty is not a disqualification for pursuit of loving others as ourselves.
To me it is a utility stuff. As long as it does the job (and acme.sh does it just fine) and does not require pulling down half of the Internet for dependencies I would not give rat's ass about what language has been used to write it.
Out of the ones you list CMake is the only one I've authored and maintained and I still end up having to understand and troubleshoot Makefiles. Depending on the size of the project and the needs I try and use the fewest number of abstractions since I end up jumping down to troubleshoot anyway.

For toy stuff I'll just compile on the commandline (maybe write a bash script). I'll write a Makefile if I need to start wrangling too many things. CMake usually comes in if I need to go cross-platform or incorporate another build system or dependency that needs it. I think most places probably need CMake, but quite a few don't. If Make, as is, works then it makes sense to come up with opinions and standards that streamline authoring and maintenance.
If you want to see a small example of this API being used, here's a utility to generate an RSS feed of replies to comments you post that you can self-host:

https://gist.github.com/Q726kbXuN/15e61acc003bb6d46a458001fe...
A little trick to rebuild targets based on the build options: use .VARIABLES and pipe to sha256sum to create an option-dependent suffix for all built files:

https://bnikolic.co.uk/blog/sh/make/unix/2021/07/08/makefile

In this way a meaningful change to the makefile triggers rebuild automatically like it should
what about a child/family's socioeconomic situation? would that not be a factor? seems like a rich kid is already setup for success regardless of public school or private school. most of the rich kids from my public school are doing fine.
Yeah, maybe. I'm having trouble deciding whether I think this is a difference in degree or kind.

You look at things like the career/clout-driven sexual abuse that happens in Hollywood, and you think- maybe it's not all that different. But then, maybe the difference is that in Hollywood it comes from purely material pressures (?), nothing masquerading as divine authority.

But then- given the subject matter, it's not hard for me to imagine some people in science seeing some prominent figures as having something like a divine-inspiration, assuming they themselves take the pseudo-spiritual view of science, even if they'd never put it that way. Even just "this person has some special insight into the biggest, most important questions" starts to sound like clergy.

Maybe it's just that science is a less-religious religion? It has less of both the good and the bad ego dynamics that come with spiritual belief
I've never been able to find Sesame Street on torrent sites for my kids.
> Moreover, there is evidence that Google (along with Twitter and Facebook) frequently take actions to suppress opposing views on behalf of, and in collusion with, one side of the US government, including removal of information from one side and amplification of misinformation from the other.

This is a highly loaded paradigm, carrying an extremely misleading framing. From my perspective, US corporations and US government are indeed colluding, against an outside attack trying to tear them down to replace with a different power structure. I've had no love for the US power structure and have myself often wished to wholesale replace it, but the vision that attack is offering is so regressive that I've become extremely conservative for the time being.

> no reason to believe that anyone’s acting in bad faith

Of course nobody is acting in bad faith. Bad faith actions are decently punished by our society, so the structures that have built up operate on good faith, and produce constructive bad outcomes in spite of it.

> but it is a great demonstration to people how easily big tech can become weapons of fascism

This feels like it's missing the ultimate dynamic, by falsely asserting that fascism can only flow from the bona fide government. Whereas actually, Google's actions within Google's currently-limited sphere of influence are fascist in nature, and that sphere is growing. As I said, "similar end state, but coming at it from a different direction".

> it’s important to opt out of centralized big tech

I wholeheartedly agree, which is why I think it's important to describe the fundamental dynamics of these centralized surveillance companies before they have grown to be truly all-encompassing. Even presently, using Google is a mandatory requirement to interact with many government services (Recaptcha), and the more you make yourself known the Google the fewer roadblocks they hit you with. It's not a stretch to think as non-Google browsers ramp up their surveillance protection, that logging into a Google account will become default mandatory to pass such checks, giving Google account status the bona fide force of law.
I’ve noticed a resistance in the U.S. and UK to look outside. Both countries appear to believe they are unique or special and are simply unwilling to look at how the rest of the world is doing things.

Almost all the questions and unknowns posed in this article can be answered by simply looking at neighboring European countries and seeing if they’re seeing the same levels of non COVID excess deaths.
Those...sound like reasonable things?

Many students aren't going to learn by rote memorization of completing homework. It it helpful to support different learning styles.

A big problem with math education is that it's too abstract. It's hard to relate mathematical concepts to real life. "When are we going to use this?", people ask. Phrasing your questions in terms of real problems with a narrative can help students learn.
Personally, I'm a fan of https://github.com/diafygi/acme-tiny. 200 lines of python without any additional python requirements and only the openssl binary as external dependency.
Has anyone done a mass archiving of HN via this API?

It would be a shame for this vast trove of expert knowledge and nerd sniping to vanish into the ether after the next hard drive apocalypse or similar.
That's basically the current state of computers. Some vendors care more than others. I'm sure there are ASUS monitors out there that don't work correctly with ASUS laptops, but if you buy an Apple monitor it probably works with an Apple laptop from the same vintage. That's just how things are. The market seems to prioritize "new" over "good". Doesn't mean you can't do some research to get "new" and "good" though.
> The teachers union has been waging a war against future teachers to benefit current teachers for 30 years

this statement is presented as The Truth, do you have some information that backs this up?
The Today, Explained podcast had an episode on Sesame Street a while ago, which got into how the show has been funded over the years and the compromises Children's Television Workshop has had to make. https://dcs.megaphone.fm/VMP1713252129.mp3
The effect is that the Makefile now has a dependency on bash and GNU make. What happens to the *BSD or non-GNU linux users?
I think the `.RECIPEPREFIX = >` bit triggered a lot of people here in the comments, and I agree. That would make drafting newlines a huge pain in any editor. Just enable "Show Whitespace" in your editor if you want this.

That said, I'm more concerned about the guidance to not use .PHONY and instead do this:

# Tests - re-ran if any file under src has been changed since tmp/.tests-passed.sentinel was last touched
tmp/.tests-passed.sentinel: $(shell find src -type f)
> mkdir -p $(@D)
> node run test
> touch $@

The author is right, that does use make in a more more idiomatic way by relying on a real file, but I see 2 major problems:

* That's a lot of logic for something that should just be super simple.

* When I say `make test` I want it to run the tests. I don't care if they've passed before and the files haven't changed.

Really though, make just isn't a great tool for build scripts. The syntax is horrific and it's hard to scale it into something readable.

If I started a new project I'd probably consider Just: https://github.com/casey/just (though I haven't had a chance to use it myself yet).
My understanding is they are going to Kill Discovery+ in favor of HBOMax

as a Person that only has Discovery+ and has no interest in HBOMax I hate they are doing that. Discovery+ is a great low cost streaming service that I get a ton of value from.
Situation is similar in France. Teachers are underpaid and in some fields (e.g. maths), it gets hard to fill open positions. The gvt tries to improve slightly the entry level salary to make the job more attractive, while betting that senior teachers are stuck there with no other job alternatives. And they compensate by hiring under qualified, short term, teachers. To some extent, it's similar in higher education.

The relative freedom enjoyed in academic jobs isn't enough to compensate an increasing salary gap between public/private sectors. In expensive cities, it can even be hard to live decently with a teacher/lecturer salary, and certainly not possible to save for your retirement. If you can't rely on external sources of income, I think it's not reasonable to engage in these activities if more lucrative alternatives exist.

And considering France increasing public debt, I don't see how the situation is going to improve.
you can ray trace with pbr. Ray tracing is a technique to calculate the amount of light on a surface by projecting light rays from the camera (there are other related techniques as well). Once you have the amount of light on a surface, you need to figure out the interaction of that surface with the light. Traditionally this was done with heuristic methods like phong shading. Pbr uses more physically plausible (and measurable!) heuristics.
From a quick skim of the article, I don't believe deceleration or energy loss calculations are given. TFA gives a figure of 150 m/s of aerodynamic losses which is fairly tiny compared to the roughly 2km/s launch or the 1km/s gravity losses.
Assuming Dropbox encrypt the data at rest, Amazon won't have any access to it. And if they do delete stuff they now have to deal with a company instead of single individuals.
Even beyond that I don't really understand the criticism. Like, I don't remember the last machine I had to do serious work on that didn't come with GNU Make either out of the box or added as part of some very basic bootstrapping scripts. (I don't know what a Mac comes with because my bootstrap for every new machine has coreutils in it and every project has a Brewfile with it too.)

I definitely don't remember the last machine I saw that didn't have bash on it.
> no DE works the way I'd like it to

How come macOS magically just happened to work the way you liked it to? Answer: It didn’t, you just adjusted yourself to use macOS, but now you’ve ossified and think everything not what you grew up with is unnatural.
I someday hope to see pihole like dns filtering built into residential routers.
First party data collection and use is not the same as third-party tracking.

I have relationships with Apple and Google. The line around what data usage is appropriate with those companies somewhat nebulous, and also somewhat a personal decision.

For instance - the paper you site shows that Apple and Google send location data from devices to the server. Those devices also both ship with functionality for things like mapping and local weather. So for iOS, you have to approve sharing location data (even for the built-in weather app and maps app) on an app-by-app basis. Android has gotten better about this over the years, but I don't know current state.

Facebook is (was) correlating detailed profiles of users who had no relationship with Facebook, through interactions with third parties that were not part of Facebook, and without disclosure. That is a much simpler line to draw.

Even then, Apple gave the user choice - and the users almost universally chose not to give that capability.
You can do pbr with othering rendering techniques like rasterization.
If fossil fueled cars burning leaded fuel on state funded roads and then getting bailed out not that long ago is your idea of free enterprise triumphing over the state, you might not be as capitalist as you think you are.

"Bob Lutz compares Tesla to socialism after GM took $11B from taxpayers under his reign"

https://electrek.co/2016/08/18/bob-lutz-compares-tesla-socia...

I agree that cars are much better than they were 10 years ago. Thanks mostly to government regulations that the incumbent industry fought strongly, while Chinese state owned firms were taking advantage of the opportunity.
If a creative work or research endeavor costs $10,000 to produce, and public grants provide $1, does that dollar buy the public unrestricted rights to the work?

It sounds like you think it should, which is a fine position to take, but odds are that the contributors of the other $9,999 have a different opinion and may make different choices about contributing were that the case.

So — assuming that the public can’t justify the entire production cost of all grant-worthy work — what ends up happening is that you have a negotiation of rights and contracts and lawyers and all that banal, complicating stuff.
If you want to read something good, check out the docs for this Landlock Make project I've been working on the past week. https://github.com/jart/landlock-make It has many more features since it was announced on August 7th.
Hedge fund managers make a killing and I have no respect for them whatsoever.
Thanks! What I was missing is that for "V chord" I was thinking G not G7, and G doesn't have a tritone.

(He did say "with the flat seven" which sounded like another chord entirely, but that just means seventh chord.)
I’m frankly surprised schools haven’t collapsed. It seems like borderline abuse of teachers - low pay, undisciplined kids, have to buy your own supplies. Then this article also points out all the rules and people who think they know better than you.

When I have kids, I plan myself to be lead with
respect of the teachers when I meet them
PBR can be used without raytracing. Instead of the previous models of using diffuse lighting, specular reflections (see Phong lighting for example), PBR is a set of rules: how metallic is the object, what is the albedo, is it a conductor or a dielectric, etc. This gives us a common way to describe materials. What you do with this, is up to you. You can keep faking it with math that approximates real results, or you can do raytracing.
> famously ij in Dutch

ij is considered two letters in Dutch, although they go by special rules: https://onzetaal.nl/taalloket/ij-plaats-in-alfabet
They can yes. It is usually exposed.
Probably not, and taking your rhetorical question in its best possible light, the difficulty in learning the history of activism as it pertains to black folks is far harder than I think most take it to be. You're not just fighting "whatever is causing people to be less interested in history," you're additionally fighting the part of white supremacy that has consistently and actively pushed confusion and misinformation.
Well problem is that this concept is supposed to replace 1st stage as it can reach only to 70km. What kind of 2nd stage rocket engine can survive such Gs? Solid booster which you can't control?
Article author here. Turns out language models already can explain how code works, pretty convincingly. I gave a prompt to OpenAI, got the solution, and then asked it to explain the solution (possibly easier to read in my tweet: everything in green below is from OpenAI - https://twitter.com/emeryberger/status/1560618825208320001). I wrote the comment asking a question ("# How did you solve this problem? Explain how you got each digit from each number.") and Tab completed the rest:

# I solved this problem by using the % operator to get each digit from the number. I declared and initialized a sum variable to keep track of the sum of the digits of the number. I set a temp variable equal to the input number. I then used a while loop to loop through each digit of the number. In the loop, I used the % operator to get the remainder of temp divided by 10. This gave me the last digit of the number. I added this digit to the sum variable. I then divided temp by 10 to remove the last digit of the number. I repeated these steps until all of the digits of the number were added to the sum variable. Finally, I printed the value of the sum variable.
I am an early-retired EE and I thought that I could have a second career in teaching HS physics. I got the MA Teaching in Maryland, and did my one year student teaching assignment. My thoughts:

1. The degree program was decent, although a certificate program would be better for prior professionals if the law allowed it (lower cost, too much wasted time in redundant classes).

2. Teachers are sad. Very sad. They are underpaid and overworked, even at the better suburban high schools. Parents treat them poorly, even when they are veteran teachers with lots of experience.

3. In general, the public resents that teachers get “3 months off” in the summer. I believe that this is the justification for lower pay. It is silly, because teachers work more in 9 months than most professionals and they also pay for things out of their own pockets. They also counsel and tutor students after school. It’s a difficult job.

4. In my job interviews, the first and most important qualification was “classroom control.” Math, science, engineering, life experience were all distant seconds. Teachers—-even in advanced math and science classes—-are first and foremost caretakers. Think about that for a second…

5. What is the current model for education based on? There are several competing historical arguments, but the salient factors like student-teacher ratio, subjects, grades, facilities, etc. are based on economics and legal requirements. The quality of either a student’s experience or a teacher’s experience is not very high on the list. Education is about checking a box on a list of requirements that was developed 150+ years ago.

Ultimately, I decided to tutor rather than to teach in a classroom. I consider this a personal disappointment, although I learned a lot from the educational experience. I wish there could be a “town hall” type of discussion to consider ways to improve the situation.
> Tube noise is deafening, I seem to be the only person sticking my fingers in my ears, a silent protest.

I do the same, at least in the loudest parts. Not as a protest but as a health measure, both mental and physical.
For all the reasons mentioned here, and some the author wavy-hands away, this is a bad idea.

None the less, I learned more about email spoofing from this article then from any other, so it's a nice read.
What interesting projects could be built/are built on top of this?
That seems a non-sequiteur to me. Can you elaborate?
But as long as you know the math it is easy to self learn the other parts of computer science. I just studied physics and math in college and self learned the rest and learned algorithms, compilers, distributed systems etc on my own and have worked on those at Google and never had a time where someone knew something they learned in CS that I didn't know. It was the opposite, since when I self learned I went through every CS topic you can take I often knew a lot of CS things that the CS grads didn't know since they were limited in how many credits they could take.

I know many who took a similar route as me, but I've never met anyone who self learned math to a reasonable level. And since math is a very small part of a CS degree you could learn all of it in 1-2 semesters, so the optimal way to learn computer science would be to take 1-2 semesters of college math and spend the rest self learning. I bet you'd get a better understanding that way in much less time than it takes to go through a CS degree.
> When I've tried to innovate around login in the past I've found that any clever ideas I come up with inevitably run into road blocks pretty quickly.

Either that or you are throwing roadblocks in your user's way. Even if there is no reason for the most common UX to be the way they are, it is what users are used to, and know how to deal with.
To clarify your story....you live in a house but don't own a car?
Was it ever specifically allowed? Or was it just implemented by Facebook et al using normal things like filesystem and internet access -- the sort of stuff you'd expect an operating system to provide?

The idea that users want to protect information, particularly information held by their account, from the programs they run would probably have been pretty surprising in the days when iOS was first being dreamed up...