skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I expect all parties to act in their own best interests. I do in fact expect more scams from private bodies, but the government conducts a much larger scam in printing without accountability a currency unbacked by anything and not bound to any rules, a billion ton gorilla that moves the "free" markets at it's whim.

The people's interest imo is in fairness to all not asset owners who aren't as affected by money printing etc

The law isn't sacrosanct, but of course it needs to be followed. It is malleable and comes from lawmakers who may or may not represent the interest of the people, unwittingly or otherwise
A huge chunk of the miners fought tooth-and-nail to not increase the maximum block size. The chance of them agreeing to something like this seems very low indeed.
I've been playing with the idea of an indoor mosquito capture device, so this study is interesting to me on a number of levels. (In case you're wondering why this would be any more difficult than outdoor capture: almost all of these devices burn propane or similar to generate the CO2, making them dangerous for indoor use.)

Here's a study from 2014, linked in the paper, where they edited out the ability to sense CO2; the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes could still home in on people: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(14)00155-X

Most mosquito capture devices are just CO2 + heat; some are CO2 + heat + odor. I haven't seen one so far that just combines heat + odor, although maybe there's something out there.

Different species of mosquito are attracted to different chemicals, which helps explain why some people get targeted a lot and others not so much. Here's a random fact I just learned from another of the linked studies: Ae. aegypti are attracted to ammonia. I guess the variability helps complicate making a general-purpose machine that will work anywhere.

Also, some species prefer humans over other animals... I think they can still get confused, though. For instance, when I'm hanging out with my black cat, the mosquitoes all gravitate to him. The study suggests that mosquito sensory cues diminish with distance (duh, I guess), but perhaps some cues become predominant as the mosquitoes get closer. I've wondered if wearing patches of black fur on my forearms might help attract them to a specific location; haven't found any product that does that, either.

One more random observation from the study: they're using a pretty neat little membrane feeder full of blood to test the mosquitoes. I'd heard of past studies where human lab assistants just stuck in an arm to be fed on. I guess it's lucky for the assistants that they've advanced past that, but I'd also read that they acclimate fairly quickly. I wonder: would anyone be up for intentionally exposing themselves like that? I've been getting bitten by the same species for a year and still have skin reactions; personally, I think if someone offered me a few days of suffering to gain a resistance, I'd go for it!
Yes, other way to put it is that the incentives for the software are designed in a way which makes certain changes extremely unlikely. However some changes are happening all the time (features added via a soft fork)
> But then there’s the dunkelflaute and its evil brother, cold dunkelflaute. ... It’s a shame there aren’t any umlauts in the word, otherwise it’d make a great name for a metal band.

That made me laugh.

Sabine is absolutely right that storage is the key, and it's a presently unsolved problem. The technologies she lists mostly can't scale up to world scale: pumped hydro and CAES need particular geography/geology, flywheeels and falling blocks have too low energy storage density, and lithium is needed for mobile applications. Thermal storage can work for durations of a day or so, but it's very capital intensive and has all the problems of thermal engines. Not really confidence-inspiring.

There are a couple of infant/ancient technologies that Sabine doesn't mention. Iron is plentiful and rechargeable iron-based batteries could supply energy at week-long duration. Ammonia is under active research as an energy storage medium. That could supply seasonal storage.

We have well over a century of experience with both materials, and they are already produced at the necessary scale for the rapid scale-up we need in energy storage. Both storage technologies are near commercial deployment.

I also think that Sabine may be focusing a little too much on efficiency. This is because I expect the price of PV production to drop fairly quickly to low single cents per watt, so PV plus storage could end up in the low double-digit cents per watt.[1] At these prices we could perhaps our relax efficiency requirements a little.

Synthesis of methane from air-captured carbon is one possibility if we do that. That has the advantage of using existing storage and distribution structures, already present at the required scale.

The recent ESA proposal for space-based solar[2], though, is just sad.

The fact that it even exists shows that European officials have not yet faced up to the reality of their situation, and they are still expecting the technology fairy to wave her magic wand to rescue them by lifting a million tonnes of PV satellite into orbit in less than a decade, more or less for free. Such passivity is very disappointing.

1. The path to this is via PV cells printed on flexible plastic film laid directly on the ground, with the strips laid side by side and bonded together. (Think greenhouse plastic strips hundreds of meters long, and with hundred-meter widths). No panel glass covers or aluminum frames, no galvanised steel stand mounts bedded in concrete, no inter-panel wiring, avoiding looming bottlenecks in glass, aluminum, and copper production. Minimal site prep and construction labor, and good land-use efficiency. (Legacy panel farms are only around 50% covered by panels because of shading and the need for access to fix wiring problems or replace panels with broken glass.)

Erthos is half-way to this installation design, but still uses legacy panels. Perovskites are this year at the point where roll-printed PV cells are feasible.

2. https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/08/european-space-chief...
Unicode isn't a storage encoding and so yeah, Notepad shouldn't do that. However Unicode does encode essentially all extant human writing systems into integers called "code points" between zero and 0x10FFFF. The Latin "capital A" is 65 for example.

However you'd probably like to store something more compact than, say, JSON arrays of integers. So there are also a bunch of encodings which turn the integers into bytes. These encodings would work for any integers, but they make most sense to encode Unicode's code points. UTF-8 turns each code point into 1-4 bytes, a pair of UTF-16 encodings turns them into one or two "code units" each of 2 bytes either little or big endian. And UTF-32 just encodes them as native 32-bit integers but again either little or big endian.
I'd disagree for the dating case; you know a lot about people, but you don't know what its like to spend 6 waking hours with someone every day for awhile until you try it, you don't know what the sex will be like, you don't know what being a whatever-in-law will be like. All things that have to be sampled over a period before you can build up a distribution.

Plus, for the dating especially, there's a lot of "je ne sais quoi" which requires sampling and can not be polled from the population at large.
I am sure staking pools will be available to people with less than 32 ETH
Watching this interview inspired me to start playing around with groff. It has a very steep learning curve... And being as old/niche as it is, I've found it very hard to find any active community to get newbie questions answered. If anybody knows where I could find that sort of thing, I'd be very grateful.
Good if it's useful to us humans, bad if it's harmful.
In the early 80’s, optical signal processing was the next big thing in array processing. Multiply-accumulates we’re done in optics and on the camera detector, and it was super fast, but the dynamic range was limited to less than 12 bits. By 1990, optical signal processing was dying and parallel array processing was the “next big thing” in array processing. Systolic arrays and transputers were going to be array processing engines of the future. The problem was to optimally fit the algorithm into the computing architecture—-compilers were complicated. By 1995-2000, general purpose processors, operating systems and MATLAB were fast enough to put most of that to bed except for graphics cards and special effects. GPU’s continue to be the latest in the history of array processing hardware solutions. But I believe their days are also numbered with the advent of quantum computing systems and other technologies.
it's more natural selection than being rammed down on your bike by a car
I don't get proof of stake. What's stopping anyone from presenting a new chain made up of thousands of fake transactions? And why wouldn't such chain be accepted by the network? Is it just "checkpoints" hardcoded in the software that don't allow this?
Honestly, only to the extent that you need to set up your schema. But if your queries aren't too complicated, you can just use the client which is fairly straightforward.
Makes me wonder if there's a use case for "dynamic fixed point" numbers: say for a 16 bit value the upper 2 bits are one of four values that says where the decimal is in the remaining 14. Say 0 (essentially an int), two spots in the middle, and 14 (all decimal). The CPU arithmetic for any operation is (bitshift+math), which should be an order faster than any float operation. The range isn't nearly as dynamic, but would allow for fractional influence. Maybe such a system would lack enough precision for accuracy?
I doubt you'll ever find an insurance company willing to underwrite that risk
My honest and obvious answer: because my family (wife, kids) need the money.

It's always a balancing act though. I won't go to do a job I loathe, because I won't stick there for long enough. I choose jobs that I'm fine doing, and pass many jobs that I might love doing but which won't pay the bills.

I was fortunate enough to have a job I outright loved, and which also paid well; it lasted 3.5 years. I'm immensely happy to have had such luck.
Clearly it will have trouble making Rene Magritte paintings along those lines, too :)
No significance!! 1587 is the year Kit Marlowe wrote Tamerlane and Thomas Kyd wrote The Spanish Tragedy. Those two plays revolutionized English drama and started off the Elizabethan literary renaissance.
The issue isn't symbol granularity. The way symbols work cognitively is they allow us to retrieve that which the symbol represents, that's what the symbol means. In the human case, its all the memories of states through time and the relationships etc to that symbolized object. So the symbol is effectively just a way to access the real meaning, so the symbol alone gets you no where.
Okay, back up a little. Crypto miners mine crypto in order to become rich. With national currencies, this is impossible. Citizens cannot create their own currency, and that's a good thing. If money could be easily forged, it would either be worthless, or a speculative instrument, like every crypto in existence. National governments are the source and the only legal creators of money.

Crypto mining also makes the blockchain secure. What this means is that a malicious individual cannot, say, transfer crypto from another person's wallet to his own, or alter the software algorithm that controls the creation of the cryptocurrency.

Proof of work cryptocurrencies require miners to expend an enormous quantity of energy in order to prevent problems that national currencies don't have in the first place. Cryptocurrencies have no advantage over national currencies except for anonymous online transactions.
How do we allocate resources without prices? How do we assign prices without profits and losses?
Those with a "stake" of ETH will be gaining $xxxx of ETH for a cost of $x, so why would you not sell for a giant profit?
Nuclear is dead not because people are afraid of it. Nuclear is dead because it is way more expensive than alternatives. Always was, and getting moreso as renewables cost continues on down.

In the foreseeable future, nukes will be mothballed long short of their design life just because nobody will want to pay enough for their power to enable continuing to operate them. Geothermal might suffer the same fate.

When a nuke is mothballed early, every kWh it ever produced will suddenly be found to have cost much more than had previously been reckoned.
> About 250 other students signed a petition to the Dean on how this is unfair and awful and they will not put up with it.

That behaviour by the students disgusts me.
Ukraine seems to be happy with the military aid the US is supplying
That's horrifying. But it's the first plausible explanation I've heard, so thank you

I've started the process of moving the domain to porkbun. After this I'll probably delete my hover.com account.
Can you give more info about Zero Knowledge Proofs would require ASICS?
I really enjoyed mousing over each link and looking at the sources.
Except, storage is a solved problem. Different solutions will be used in different places. Both compressed-air and pumped hydro are nowhere near as dependent on local details as is often imagined.

There will be no need for seasonal storage at all, because anyplace that needs more energy than they have stored, and cannot book enough from transmission lines, may simply order a shipment of ammonia from any of many producers in the tropics.

But it is correct that orbital solar will not happen, and ESA should be ashamed.
Have you ever zoomed all the way out on Google map
Those countries exist as client states to countries with militaries.

Yes, the militatary spending is nessisary but not sufficient to sustain a currency.
Nothing prevents a high speed train from using an at grade crossing

Well…

albeit at appropriate speeds.

Then you've just removed the "high speed" from "high speed rail". That's why HSR funds are paying for some of the cost of grade separation. Grade separation is hugely important (and hugely important to get right -- look at the consequences of the shit design of BART's Oakland Wye).

While it would be nice for CalTrain (and most rail crossings) to be fully grade separated, it's incredibly expensive, doesn't add much value for rail users as the train already has the right of way, and it primarily benefits auto traffic.

There's significant value in not hitting pedestrians or automobiles. There are also ways to reduce the cost of grade separation.

https://www.caltrain.com/media/1033/download?inline

https://caltrain-hsr.blogspot.com/2021/05/the-exploding-cost...
They are, and there seems to be a drive by legitimate actors to build them up. For example, Coinbase is building theirs by offering up to $50 ($10 every $100 worth) in exchange for initial staking of Eth.
Fiat currencies are backed by huge financial sectors. If all you need are numbers in a database, what are all those towers in NY for?
Bitcoin will either die or will eventually have much higher transaction fees compared to Ethereum. Because somebody's gotta pay that power bill.

Maybe that won't matter, but I hope it will.

https://www.konstantinschubert.com/2018/11/28/proof-of-stake...
MikTeX also supports downloading individual packages, though I wish there was an option to download, say, the most commonly used 1GB or something.
Lots of reasons:

- Code cleanliness: their code almost looks like code golfing. Hard to debug.

- Dependencies: everyone has different ways of implementing everything. some are even outdated. some even have stale bots that close legitimate but unattended issues.

- Performance: fastify and uWebSockets.js beats express.js on benchmarks. see https://www.fastify.io/benchmarks/ and https://github.com/uNetworking/uWebSockets/tree/master/bench...

- Multi-part parsing: this is built-in with uWebSockets.js. on express your options are multer or busboy.

- WebSocket Server support: this is built-in with uWebSockets.js. on express your options are using ws and socket.io.

- WebSocket pub/sub: built-in with uWebSockets.js

There are better alternatives like the following:

- https://www.fastify.io/

- https://github.com/uNetworking/uWebSockets.js

- https://github.com/kartikk221/hyper-express
$1 per drive for how much storage? I’m sure these don’t even need a single Gig. Probably could get lots of super cheap ones during liquidation events or salvage operations and what not.
The only benefit of the merge is energy consumption will be reduced to about 1/1000th what it is now.
No, it's literally the best workplace messenger period. To this day.
Seems like all the churn could have been avoided by webservers advertising a limit on number of connections and browsers opening up to that limit if needed. Maybe in the connection header, or the keep-alive header, or some new header that Google servers and Chrome Browser could have tried out first.
On archlinux there's the texlive-core package which does not ship the PDF docs (most of the size). It should install 500mb (most of which are fonts..) and already provide enough to build normal documents, including lualatex for unicode support
https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2022/08/04/zkevm.html

"Type 1 aims to replicate Ethereum exactly, and so it has no way of mitigating these inefficiencies. At present, proofs for Ethereum blocks take many hours to produce. This can be mitigated either by clever engineering to massively parallelize the prover or in the longer term by ZK-SNARK ASICs."

...

"Personally, my hope is that everything becomes Type 1 over time, through a combination of improvements in ZK-EVMs and improvements to Ethereum itself to make it more ZK-SNARK-friendly."
"This is democratic art" says creator of art project in the middle of nowhere admitting only 6 visitors per day.
That's something Bitcoin needs ... or even better get rid of it altogether.

As the price keeps falling, presumably so will energy consumption. The energy consumption problem fixes itself as the bubble bursts and people lose interest and mining becomes unprofitable, without the need for regulation.
How would moving to cryptocurrency reduce the need of energy for military and law enforcement, or the need for server farms in banks?
I think most people can relate to the horrible experience of calling in to a bank or insurance company and being forced through their chatbot voice recognition system instead of getting to talk to a real person.

If we can't even do something that simple (granted I understand the goal with chatbots is to prevent people from reaching a human rather than actually helping them) how could we possibly believe that an "AI" doctor is a good idea? Find a simple to moderate complexity consumer interaction that AI does well, and maybe we can begin to think about how it could help on healthcare. For now, it will only lead to the hellscape we see in other areas of customer service
That's why group housing a la "wet houses" makes sense.
TeXLive also comes with installation schemes that will give you (if I remember the names correctly) bare, medium, and full installations, if you prefer not to pick packages yourself. Alternately, although I don't use it myself, I'm sure you could use MikTeX, which is much better about on-demand package installation. (Or even Overleaf, if you don't want to put anything on your local device!)
They already are. The Merge refers to the fact that the PoS chain has been running parallel to the main chain for one year now. It has been thoroughly tested live and so now will be merged back into the main chain like a branch of a git repo.
Some people who work at Lockheed Martin wrote the software for the missiles being fired by Ukrainian HIMARSs. They might even be quite proud of that.
> (Also those are universal binaries containing both Intel and ARM versions which probably adds some heft.)

Heh, I remember when "universal binaries" meant "PowerPC and Intel". Different universes ….
You really believe that the USD, as the world's reserve currency, doesn't require its military to keep it that way.
Sanctions don't stem from the existence of Fiat currency (at least directly), and may still exist depending on power dynamics. The move is on the way and will continue. It will be disruptive but I'm not sure exactly how it'll go. Regular military offense and defense systems will exist but just not ones where the US say prints infinite money for war and incurs sovereign debt. Wars might be a lot smaller scale then. Old world wars required rulers to raise money, taxation etc. They didn't print out of thin air, or bankrupt entire nations (eg Weimar Germany)

Non Fiat money has been the norm pre unpegged Fiat. It's been around for 2-3k years at least, whereas unpegged Fiat is 50 years old. I'm surprised we find the fall of Fiat as hard to imagine:)
Is it just me or does it seem like this is a problem that is disappearing with the prevalence of computers? I mean, the only time I can remember seeing a Mercator projection is in yet another HN "here is how bad Mercator is" articles.
Ambient Scotrail Beats – Relax to Scottish train announcements over low-fi beats
There is actually a pretty good subplot about this in Gone With The Wind. It’s slavery.
Info here: https://mobile.twitter.com/MattEason/status/1560772439713452...

The gist is someone submitted a FOI request for the audio of the Scotrail announcements, it was published, now someone made this with it. Love it!
> I find this a very puzzling reply, and it may be that I misunderstood to what you are referring with the "they're" in "They're, for the most part, things we tried to put in libraries (or more ideally language standard libraries for a lot of things.)" It might refer to "the things Copilot does for you" or alternatively "the things you need to know yourself to be in industry."

I do see how that could be ambiguous. That's on me. I was referring to "the things Copilot does for you". Generally speaking trivial (or near trivial) algorithms.

> The thing is, regardless of which way you meant it, we need some people who can make the sort of libraries we need in part precisely because automation such as Copilot is no substitute

Fine. Some people might need to be able to implement and maintain libraries filled with generic algorithms, especially language maintainers. That's still a very different claim from the original "this is information that you're going to need if you actually want to go into the field". That claim implies that it's a universal requirement, whereas the reality is the vast majority probably don't need that knowledge.

Implementing these things is tedious, and results in a bunch of code that has to be maintained vs using something out of the standard library. For example, sort or max functions, which are at the intersection of what I see copilot generate a lot and intro to CS classes. Even without copilot, that's not really a skill that the average practitioner needs to have ready at all times, in fact I'd probably block a PR that implemented either of those things in my projects, it results in extra code that needs to be maintained and can be broken by a typo or something silly.

> The point about Larry Wall is that we don't get labor-saving tools without someone making an effort.

My comment about perl was sarcastic, and probably not helpful. That, also, is my bad.
It looks like it:

https://github.com/gorhill/uBlock/blob/72bb89495ba0928042b8c...

https://github.com/gorhill/uBlock/blob/72bb89495ba0928042b8c...
You are right.

Unicode in UTF-8 will have variable char length. Plain ASCII will be one byte for each char, but others might have up to 4 bytes. Anything dealing with it will have to be aware of leading bytes.

UTF-32 in other hand will encode all chars, even plain ASCII ones, using 4 bytes.

Take the "length of a string" function, for example. Porting that from ASCII to UTF-32 is just dividing the length in bytes by 4. For UTF-8, you'd have to iterate over each character and figure out if there is a combination of bytes that collapse into a single character.