skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Thanks for the explanation! I have a few questions:

- how does the punishment work ? Do all nodes see that a malicious actor changed the chain and write the bad ideas in some ledger meaning "these nodes just lost X ETH" ?

- But if the malicious actor owns 2/3 of validators, what does he care what other nodes do ? They effectively control what block is accepted

- is there an advantage to run more than one validator, if you have the money (EDIT: and you don't want to attack the network)? Basically, does having more money gives you more (power, control, anything) ?
This seems plausible as the prices historically for both eth and btc have followed the cost to mine. A significant portion of the crypto world is directly propped up by miners in an effort to drum up demand.

Things will change monumentally so it’ll be very interesting to see what does happen.
> If what you’re asking of these students can easily be automated by a tool then the problem is in the assignment. Either don’t request it, knowing it can be automated with ease, or accept that bubble sorts are a long solved problem and move on to teaching other things.

If assignments that are easily automated are a waste of time, do you have any suggestions on how instructors should help students move from "I know literally nothing about writing code" to "I know the basics well enough to solve problems that aren't trivially generated by Copilot"? In my anecdotal experience (albeit years ago) as a graduate assistant, for students who are totally new to programming that phase often lasts throughout the typical intro to CS course and it's not unusual for it to stretch into the second level course.
I agree with the point you are making here. I just think that Proof-of-Work is usually a better choice for a cryptocurrency than Proof-of-Stake.

Conventional currencies (notably the US Dollar) are also backed by signifigant military (and thus electrical) power. I would posit that Fiat currencies are nessisary in some sense, but not that they are more efficient to maintain than cryptocurrencies. Cryptocurrencies tend to piggyback on the infrastructure and economy that are built on fiat (e.g. The internet).
The chance of nuclear war in any particular year is low, but I wouldn't say that the chance of a nuclear war is low. We were seconds away from midnight multiple times in the twentieth century.

The political and technical failsafes against it need to work every time.
I don't think that was the point. The point was that you can't have security without energy expenditure.
Good discussion on the topic below (~10 minutes).

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-_CuPtzoDU
Thank you for your encouragement. You make some good points and it’s really meaningful.
He was just colloquializing a sweet moment with his wife. Didn’t seem like anything to get worked up about.
> As we approach The Merge of Ethereum Mainnet, you should be on high alert for scams trying to take advantage of users during this transition. Do not send your ETH anywhere in an attempt to "upgrade to ETH2." There is no "ETH2" token, and there is nothing more you need to do for your funds to remain safe.

Yeah... this is going to be a shitshow. Who wants to set the over/under on $millions that get stolen? Which exchange or fund will lose a vast chunk of its holdings?
I am skepticism other about the use case (as I understand it anonymous login to sites.

I am not even sure that gaol is viable, as it is the basis on electric going would like to occur.
> National governments are the source and the only legal creators of money.

And those closest to the money printer benefit. And hint, the average joe is furthest from the printer. The future of the average joe is stolen via currency debasement and inflation, but those closest to the printer get richer.
Unicode uses the term “character encoding form” or “character encoding scheme” for what is normally referred to or abbreviated as “character encoding” or “charset” (see e.g. RFC 8187), and uses “character encoding” or “coded character set” for the abstract assignment of natural numbers to the abstract characters in a character repertoire, which is more usually referred to as just “[coded] character set” (cf. also UCS = Unicode Character Set). This different use of terminology can cause confusion. The GP is correct that Unicode as a whole is not what is colloquially meant by “encoding”.
For example wasps are extremely precious, for their role in pollination, in the ecosystem in general https://www.thoughtco.com/what-good-are-wasps-1968081

But I'm sure most people will say they're bad because of the risk of a bite, neglicting and/or ignoring how they indirectly help us to live
What you just described is exactly floating point numbers, you're just using a different split for the exponent and mantissa and not using the "integer part is zero" simplification.
Yeah, it's a binary blob, but it's small enough to be easily auditable. Anyone with some knowledge of x86 assembly can read the annotated version [1] and verify that it does what it claims (which is to convert ASCII hex with comments into binary).

You're right, it also requires a Linux kernel, and of course, you also have to trust the hardware you're running it on. Still, it reduces the amount of stuff we have to take for granted as trusted, which I think is a good thing. (I'm not involved in the project, just an admirer).

[1]: https://github.com/oriansj/bootstrap-seeds/blob/b09a8b8cbcb6...
Is this actually a useful effect of mosquitoes? It seems like any organisms that feed on waste and corpses would accomplish the same thing but better.
land value tax.
Some of the better known ones are Lido and RocketPool.
It's bullshit: https://yanmaani.github.io/proof-of-stake-is-a-scam-and-the-...
TeX Live can also be configured to install the bare minimum TeX ecosystem (or just TeX+LaTeX), which only takes a few minutes to download and install but results in hunting down dependencies and manually installing them whenever you want to use a new package.

It also seems quite slow to update, and a recent (?) name change of `tools' to `latex-tools' seems to have broken multicol, which drove me to MikTeX. Internet connection required, but far less headache.
Even Stripe is not safe from layoff, this is bad.
@nntaleb nails it, again
How are gas fees going to be calculated, and how do you plan to control spamming the network similar to what you see with Solana?
Time to short NVidia
>A globe solves that problem.

Great. Now try and draw a journey on a globe.
The company probably owns the code as it's related to your company, even if you did it in your free time.
You don't have billions in funding, a deep roster with some exceptionally gifted researchers / engineers or a stellar track record including, e.g. reliably raising C. elegans specimens with a lifetime measured in years, compared to 10-20 days for naturally occurring speciments, see e.g. Alpha Zero. Indeed, you are not a threat, but DeepMind might be.
They have. That's what symbol versioning allows, and what glibc does with it.
Excellent article! Thank you.
I’ve been consulting for a long time.. and this piece covered all the things that matter.
The fan trick works because they can't stabilize well enough in wind to land on you.
> It’s not like anybody thinks the cast of JAG went to film in Belfast.

Oddly enough, they did do a couple in Sydney Australia - that, and Aussie lawyer "Mic" (Mick, ffs!) were probably an attempt to sell the show in another anglophone market.
That's my point though, after the merge the proof of stake nodes are earning a lot of ETH for a fraction of the previous cost, the only way price should stay stable is if everyone with a stake agrees not to undercut each other.
It’s incredible. I have used it to make several arduino programs for me, controlling different hardware and connecting them. It’s just amazing.
The hardware to perform PoW already exists. All someone needs to do for a 51% attack is buy up the old mining hardware that is being sold for so cheap.

Every "bust" period for BTC comes with the risk of a 51% attack / centralization.

If the difficulty falls by 90% because 90% of miners were shut off, you only need to buy 5.6% of those thrown-away miners to cause a 51% attack on BTC.
Security is not the main reason for Bitcoin's success within the cryptocurrency scene, it's that it's the first and most recognizable name. But because its creator is AWOL it's incredibly difficult to push for any fundamental change to the protocol without creating huge divisions and probably a very controversial fork (of which there already have been a few). Unless Satoshi themselves decides to make a comeback, I don't think it'll ever happen.

People are not using Bitcoin because it's the most advanced or secure cryptocurrency, they use bitcoin because it was the first and will probably be the last to go whenever that whole flaming garbage bag of a "technology" hits the bin.
How can two chains be merged if one is a fork of the other without having instances of double spending? With source code in Git you can manually pick which version of each line you want in the merged result, but here it's not possible to do that if services or merch have been exchanged with coins. Except if you're fine with having to deal forever with coins and merged-from-the-fork coins on the eth blockchain?
I think you might be projecting your modern politics onto the problems of the past.

I don’t think that everything bad in the 1800’s was caused by racism and greedy corporations.
I just tried this for 5 minutes. Seems like it works well for me.

The most remarkable part, mentioned in the article, is that the mouth/jaw closes naturally. Very interesting because my mouth naturally hinges open when I sleep on my back (or on my side with pillow). Given the many benefits of breathing through your nose (vs mouth-breathing), I am going to give this sleep position a try for a few nights. Each body is a little different and I enjoy n=1 experiments.
> Did we really forget everything when adverts were shown?

> US shows are worse, probably because they showe more adverts?

When the adverts are shown, it's a good time to stop and consider if anything else is on and worth watching. You may stop on a different show and need to be brought up to speed, or have burned your short term memory with 50-150 channels of ads and garbage. I think the US has a bigger percent of tv viewers with a pay tv subscription with a ton of channels, but I could be way off?

Of course, some shows really don't have that much content, so they spend a lot of time rehashing what they already showed you.

And then you've got online tv with commercials where they insert them almost, but not quite at the intended insertion points. Ugh, that's terrible.
I don't know why it's some sort of damning failure that addressing one problem doesn't address all problems.

Did it claim to? Is the one problem not necessary to address? Does addressing the one problem somehow interfere with addressing the other problems?

The main valid damning points I see out of all that is the example of a privileged minority rolling back something that was expressly designed and advertised to never be rolled back.

All that stuff about users using centralized convenience services doesn't seem to actually invalidate the fact, or the value of that fact, that they don't have to.

I haven't and wouldn't touch any crypto with a ten foot pole. And even I think this is more than a bit emotional and questionable.
There is no "storage issue". It just has not been built out yet. It has not been built out yet because that would be stupid use of capital before there is generating capacity to charge it from.
https://archive.ph/6108b
> Postgres is one of the BEST (if not THE BEST, bar none) databases currently available.

I would certainly expect the best database out there to be relatively straightforward to scale out. Posgres isn't. As a former SRE, redundancy > performance (for the differences we're talking about).
Having worked in SV for so long, it's hard to really imagine what this would actually look like.

What are some examples of important work with decent pay in an inexpensive area that a SV tech worker could be good at?
I found this really insightful as someone who runs a small consultancy/professional services department within a larger company. I agree with a lot of what he's written (some terminology aside), but we have different perspectives on billing.

My department's engagements are exclusively 'fixed-bid projects'. Truth be told, I'd prefer hourly billing as it reduces our risk. There is an omnipresent danger that we've horribly under-estimated the effort required to deliver a project, but the customer isn't concerned about that. They are interested in minimizing their own risk. And the fixed bid is a guarantee of X results for $Y, which has more safeties in place. I suppose that's why the author has to explicitly spell out how to fire him.
In some cases it's just warmer air being able to hold more moisture.

In other cases things like a weakening polar vortex are causing the rain to be dropped preemptively in locations it used to just pass over.
As in this example: https://web.archive.org/web/20130203112329/http://dev.hasenj...
yeah - I like this one.. but for another angle, sometimes a military will go to war despite its people, not for them. Corollary - military leaders have to ride their own ranks, which can look overly aggressive, foolish, inept or scared from the outside, since all the talks are war council secret within.
Where did you buy the Chuwi minibook? I have only seen some videos online, but AliExpress doesn't seem to list any sellers.
When I ran a small web hosting provider, we had some clients (mostly bots, I think) hitting old IPs for months. We had kept the TTL below 5 minutes for a very long time before migration.

Also, older Java apps would cache DNS lookups forever, until you restarted the JVM. I remember arguing back and forth in email with a "vendor." They finally believed me and restarted their app server.
Another factor is that nowadays machine code execution is much faster than memory accesses, so the trade-off of requiring more program logic to process a more compact format makes a lot of sense.
- Actix Web https://github.com/actix/actix-web

- Axum https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum (what I'm currently using in production)

- Hyper https://github.com/hyperium/hyper

Positive experiences mostly. If it builds, it'll usually run with no issues. Ecosystem is mature enough for large production apps.
Ah, yes, the government, the rightful owner of all, ahem, ‘unclaimed’ land.
What if you want to see Australia and Greenland at the same time? Globes have their limitations.
It depends on a host of factors, so it's hard to predict exactly.

As an example: it depends on the rate at which existing Proof of Work miners move the chain forward. We can make an estimated guess based on the current hash rate, but miners may begin to drop off early and try to "beat the rush" to sell their used hardware before everyone else, so the hash rate could drop more than anticipated.
Yes, I do, actually.

The US economy is the world's largest economy in gross value, is the largest or one of the largest trade partners of much of the world, and has very limited policies on capital control or other monetary restrictions. This means that there is going to be more depth on trading pairs via USD and even small currencies than you would likely have with other countries, you would have very little counterparty risk holding USD, and much trade will end up being denominated in USD anyways. So you'd be a bloody fool not to hold USD.

Magically blinking away the US military would not change any of the above consideration one iota.

So let me flip the question around: why do you believe that the US military is essential to its role as a major reserve currency?
You can't go your entire career without interacting with SQL, though - Postgres just happens to be the best way to do that.
> Who wants to set the over/under on $millions that get stolen?

If you can think of a way to measure it metaculus would be interested properly.

> Which exchange or fund will lose a vast chunk of its holdings?

I'd place this at roughly at 0.01% chance for any major exchange or fund
Bitcoin has changed in the past. The block size, for example, is something that was modified a few years ago.

See also the "block size controversy" [0]

[0]: https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Block_size_limit_controversy
Sure and indeed. My point also was that a hurricane class 5 is not a threat to London while it's ravaging a town in Kansas.

Meaning: I remain skeptical that the "stellar track record researchers" are even on the right path. The stellar track record thing is kind of funny in this context because we're treading an unknown territory i.e. there are NO experts in inventing a general AI.

As an external layman it looks to me people are over-fixating on ML / DL. Would love to be proven wrong actually, not joking, but at the moment I am mostly pessimistic.
From 2005 (see bottom of http://unixwiz.net/techtips/ )

Also, Alan Weiss and Jonathan Stark cover similar material in more depth, for those interested.
The current estimate for the upgrade can be found at [1]. It's not a regular upgrade that happens at a specific block height, hence the variance. Instead, the consensus is flipped over from PoW to PoS at a specific total difficulty, also known as mining difficulty. One of the reasons is to avoid miner attacks around the merge event.

[1] https://bordel.wtf/
Linus mentions using a GoPro. GoPro Hero 4’s go for around $60 on eBay and have decent quality. I have used it as a dash cam but only for a few hours. It will require some hacking to get it to record full time like a traditional dashcam.
Property tax is how the government makes sure that no one fully owns property.
That certainly would be true within the public education (primary, secondary) system, where the government is the customer. Hence why attendance is mandated. However, typically college level students are initiating and fulfilling the transaction, thus they are the customer. They offer up money in exchange for keeping arbitrary social pressures at bay. In rare cases they offer money in exchange for learning things.

It is possible for the customer to also be the product. Especially in the age of salable data, that is becoming more and more common. However, when that is the case there is incentives given to the customers to shape them into what selling them as a product requires. In context here, that would mean something like giving discounts to those who don't cheat, which I am not familiar with any college doing, so... That brings us back to why would a vendor get emotional about the customer not using the product as intended?
> If you deposit more than 32 ETH, you will be assigned multiple "validator slots" by the protocol, but you will still be able to run them from a single computer, though hardware requirements go up the more you stake.

Is there a good place to read more about this hardware requirements as a function of validator slots? A concern in my mind with PoS is what is the incentive to expand the physical hardware footprint of the network. I understand this implies more energy usage, however it is a requirement for a decentralized, distributed, and resilient system, otherwise it can very easily be physically attacked if the footprint becomes overly concentrated with a few very powerful nodes.

Unless the hardware requirements are a convex function of total staked then if me and you both want to stake we will see the hardware and network/bandwidth costs as something we could share, which if everyone calculates the same, the network will physically shrink.
Went to use my invite, and OpenAI demands your PHONE NUMBER.

No excuse for it. Screw that.
My experience was that if you name a celebrity (and the request isn't blocked) it quite often generated something that has the same general vibe of the target, while also looking entirely unlike them.

It reminds me of how TV shows often have a president that resembles the current president in superficial ways, while being distinct enough that they won't get sued.

I'd be interested to know why this happens.
Great points!

“You have no job security, even if you think you do”

This is a 100% true for consultants as well as agencies. Now matter how “partnery” things feel you are always as good as your last billable hour.

When COVID started we got an email at 6am march 1st. Effective immediately no consultants or agencies. Boom revenue gone that we have depended on for maybe 5-6 years. Another client we had been doing Wi-Fi analytics for their 1200 retail locations in North America, 12 years. March 15th they said they cannot budget services any longer. For all the years we had been partners, you really are in a “nothing personal business engagement”.

I’ve been doing this 22 years so I’ve seen it all. The key is to not let these things drive the day to day interaction with the customer but you need not forget what’s possible so you can plan accordingly.
If the price continues to fall, the bitcoin network will become susceptible to 51% and selfish-mining attacks.
Unfortunately that's going to really depend. For example, if your threat model is "hard drive gets stolen" there's no point. If your threat model is "attacker can access my database" encrypting the data at the DB level does make sense. But it obviously breaks compression.

And unfortunately compression and encryption are seemingly at odds fundamentally :c
The price of parenthood during inflation: $300k per kid
Block times become exactly 12 seconds, that's it. Nothing else changes: it's the same Ethereum, just greener and very slightly faster!
"What makes us think we can shove groomed, specialized data into our crude machines for a /few hours/". Because we can scale out the machine learning process. For humans, it's a sequential trial and error process, one learning episode at a time. A machine can scale in parallel 1k or even 1M learning episodes, literally cramming years if not life-times of learning into those /few hours/.
I figured there would be a comment like the one to which you responded, but didn't expect it to be the bottom one, downvoted to obscurity. Vault is an already heavily used word, with Hashicorp being the big player with it, and Ansible a second. There are a lot of words that could be used, and it is kind of a shame that one already associated to a big player in the secrets management game was the one used here.
One can't roll up a globe and put it away.
You can a marketing email plugin for Wordpress called FluentCRM and still send with Amazon SES with FluentSMTP https://fluentsmtp.com/. Annual subscription, but not as expensive as MailChimp.

https://fluentcrm.com/

Also check out MailGun: https://www.mailgun.com/ . It might be more in line with what you were looking for.
The government pays homeless addicts to stay on drugs and alcohol
…only if the current locale is set to use UTF-8 (or some other variable-width encoding). Which nowadays the default locale usually does, but in principle it doesn’t need to be.
Insects as Food