skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The people who wrote Wine thought it was an emulator. Their first idea for a name was "winemu" but they didn't like that, then thought to shorten it to "wine".

The "Wine is not an emulator" suggestion was first made in 1993, not because Wine is not an emulator but because there was concern that "Windows Emulator" might run into trademark problems.

Eventually that was accepted as an alternative meaning to the name. The Wine FAQ up until late 1997 said "The word Wine stands for one of two things: WINdows Emulator, or Wine Is Not an Emulator. Both are right. Use whichever one you like best".

The release notes called it an emulator up through release 981108: "The is release 981108 of Wine, the MS Windows emulator".

The next release changed that to "This is release 981211 of Wine, free implementation of Windows on Unix".

As far as I've been able to tell, there were two reasons they stopped saying it was an emulator.

First, there were two ways you could use it. You could use it the original way, as a Windows emulator on Unix to run Windows binaries. But if you had the source to a Windows program you could you could compile that source on Unix and link with libraries from Wine. That would give you a real native Unix binary. In essence this was using Wine as Unix app framework.

Second most people who would be likely to use Wine had probably only ever encountered emulators before that were emulating hardware. For example there was Virtual PC from Connectix for Mac, which came out in 1997, and there were emulators on Linux for various old 8-bit systems such as NES and Apple II.

Those emulators were doing CPU emulation and that was not fast in those days. It really only worked acceptably well if you were emulating hardware that had been a couple of orders of magnitude slower than your current computer.

Continuing to say that Wine is an emulator would likely cause many people to think it must be slow too and so skip it.
I am excited for a time when we have easier language for talking about those nuances. Aphantasia may indeed be related! It may be the direct reason, or it may be one small piece of a larger puzzle that we’re barely scratching the surface of!
If only there were some convenient software for keeping track of your unique login names and passwords for each site you use.
> blog post

It's a blog...it IS marketing.
There will be hacks like that that allow dismissing choices made by other governments quickly but this isnt a bad thing it will make the differences more pronounced. We will love and hate "how things are done here" and learn how things could have been by looking at others.

Dont forget, opinions are dangerous to have in democracy. With each made public (i imagine) you lose something like 0,01% of support. One would best gently discard the other approaches taken.

That they are implemented often with measurable results also prevents making up some idiotic story what you think will happen.

Each country also has a history of law. Its like programming, everything needs to be rewritten and those who rewrite weren't there the last time. It works every time but at some point you should wonder if the right solution is already out there
It looks pretty good. The introduction, ANN and Bayesian chapters look just as relevant today as they would have been when this book was published, 25 years ago. I like that hypotheses testing is covered.

Chapter 9, Genetic Algorithms and Programming, was hot stuff back then, and research continues today, I went to an interesting seminar a few months ago given by a genetic programming researcher, but from the perspective of solving a ML problem, less useful to the beginner. If you have a regression of classification problem, few people will be trying genetic algorithms to solve it.

Chapter 10 - 12 is rule based systems, for example Prolog, which again was thought of being the future back then, and as much as I love using Prolog, it is not part of modern ML curriculum.

Chapter 13 is short chapter on RL, which is popular today (DeepMind).

All that said, if a beginner wants to pick one book, I would suggest ISLR2, also free and has a Edx course

https://www.statlearning.com/

https://www.edx.org/course/statistical-learning
Happy Birthday GNOME! 25 years today
SQLite is not a toy database (2021)
Sendgrid and Postmark do a solid job.

Mailgun still didn’t automatically rotate DKIM keys last time I looked, otherwise I’d rate them much higher. That one thing creates a detail I don’t want to have to worry about.
The panels are only a few m apart. The only difference between that and a fallow field is going to be slightly lower evaporation, and maybe a hair more erosion until grass establishes itself
> Mozilla excessively prides itself on progressive signaling, whilst internally running the place like the most cruel neoliberal companies out there.

Isn’t this just most companies?
I really tried my best to use Snakemake in ~2018-2019 for day-to-day data science work. I found that its DSL was a confusing and (at least at the time) under-documented hybrid of Python and custom syntax. It also suffered from some of of the primary limitations of traditional Make:

• Targets/outputs must be files, without even the opportunity to extend the space of possible targets e.g. using your own hash comparison function. This is not suitable for a workflow where the output is a directory of filenames that aren't known in advance, or a database table.

• By default, can only run commands through a shell, not directly as a subprocess. At the same time, it also lacks support for nontrivial chaining and composition of commands. In your CD4 example you hack around this by literally writing your own pipelining command runner in Python; hard to say if that's any better than a big blob of shell script in a string!

I agree that it definitely "makes hard things possible", but my experience did not give me the impression that it "makes easy things easy". It was frustratingly deficient in what I believe are obvious areas for improvement, and some of the most obnoxious Make pain points that I encounter on a regular basis, even for regular day-to-day software development.

I ended up switching from Snakemake to DVC basically as soon as it came out, because it at least supports using directories as outputs, and has a few other nice features that specifically work well for data science project version control and artifact management/sharing for collaboration. That said, I had/have much less of a need for complicated workflow orchestration than for easy tracking & sharing of datasets and large artifacts (fitted models, processed tabular datasets), and for tracking directories as outputs (partitioned Parquet datasets).

It would be interesting to go back and re-evaluate the space of workflow DSLs and task runners, because DVC does not have the complete feature set that Snakemake has, and IMO nor should it (I am already getting worried about its feature creep). I'm also not sure if or how well Snakemake and DVC could be made to work together; the former for task running and the latter for task input/output tracking with version control. The perfect tool (or better yet, the perfect combination of tools) remains elusive.
And this study suggests it would, in fact, loft a lot of soot into the stratosphere.
There's multiple mitigations, including some compiler passes IIRC. But the pointer auth hardware ones defined by ARM were probably specified after Titan M's original design.
From your links, Moxie says

> We're trying to add support for identifiers that aren't phone numbers, since that's what we've heard from users. If we do that, your signal contacts can't live in your address book anymore. Every other app just stores that in plaintext on their servers, which we don't want to do.

I'm not a sec person, but isn't this along the lines of what I was getting to with my original post? Seems like you can't have your cake and eat it too.
Citation??
>What a terrible argument. You might as well just switch to Telegram

Should I? What specific features of Telegram make it superior to Signal?
I wrote a Java SWT application to remove backgrounds and normalize colors in PowerPoint presentations. The use case was my wife was printing 100s of lecture slides in college that would not otherwise print in black and white. I occasionally think about trying to monetize an online version of it.
Wildbit is fantastic but unfortunately the new owners are known for very poor products and service. Fingers crossed though because Postmark has been the beacon of hope for a couple of years now.
I spent a lot of time exploring make replacements a while back. I really like Tup as a "update outputs based on inputs" system. A lot of people get hungup on it though because there are things that make can do that Tup can't, as Tup is much more of a special-purpose tool than Make.

"make install" for example is specifically something Tup can't do.

This is trivially solved by having "install.sh"

There are also various limitations, caveats, &c. such that I typically had a "build.sh" or some-such that did any necessary pre-tup work.

The most restrictive rule is the set of output pathnames cannot depend on the contents of input files; they must be fully realizable from just the set of input pathnames. Calculating this outside of tup is fine even if it's expensive, as long as it changes rarely. Tup will error if the list is wrong, so you can't accidentally build with out-of-date outputs.
I have doubts about the ability to control for atmospheric changes, cultural differences, and linguistic drift.
The Joy of Easy Personal Radio: FRS, GMRS, and Motorola DLR/DTR
Jesus Christ, the person who made this chart needs to accept Tufte into their life.
State your objection and I will address it.
You mean "read from one of the mirror devices".
This article [1] includes a quote describing a specific vulnerability that would pay the $1 million.

> "We are introducing a top prize of $1 million for a full chain remote code execution exploit with persistence which compromises the Titan M secure element on Pixel devices. Additionally, we will be launching a specific program offering a 50% bonus for exploits found on specific developer preview versions of Android, meaning our top prize is now $1.5 million," Jessica Lin of the Android security team said.

> The Titan M bounty applies to the Google phones that have the chip, which include the Pixel 3 and 3 XL, 3a and 3a XL, and 4.

[1] https://duo.com/decipher/hack-the-titan-m-get-usd1-million
We need gs/os
I think they’re asking why you believe more people should believe god is real.
Thanks for sharing these randomness sources, will have to explore them.

To me the beautiful thing about trying to get randomness is that as long as you have one random source then you have randomness. I.e. non-random XOR random => random.

So, you use X sources, as long as one of them is truly random then you are golden. Even if most are compromised it shouldn’t matter. Use on device security chip randomness, use user input, use external party providers etc. it all helps! (But be careful to errors when implementing, that’s hard to do!)
Does logitech have a patent on the scrollwheel? I ended up with the original mx master long ago and can’t use any desktop mouse that’s not a logitech at this point.
I always wondered if there was a case to be made for a JIT that recompiled "normal" x86-64 into a restricted subset designed to be more optimizable.

This could be paired with a sort of two-tiered processor design-- really fast on the restricted subset, but mediocre-to-bad performance on anything else. The code only has to activate the "mediocre to bad" paths long enough to build a JIT cache though,
The dynamics of decision-making hierarchies and how to optimize them
Linus Torvalds recently explained a deeper reason why stack architectures are unsuccessful/unpopular: they do not handle messy control flow well:

https://www.realworldtech.com/forum/?threadid=207836&curpost...
A big part of the problem here is people who become architects because they're bad at code. I agree that practice is important, but it's surprising how slowly competency degrades.
Not having coded in years, I always check with my lead dev or architect when something the team's doing doesn't make sense to me. 95% of the time, it doesn't make sense to them either.

I'm still confused that this number is so high.
Not their fault their country banned actual porn.
My friends were generally emotional wrecks and hugely into alcohol, but they survived and have productive lives now. They weren't made of fine Waterford crystal.
Intel Drops DirectX 9 Support on Xe, Arc GPUs, Switches to DirectX 12 Emulation
I get that (I grew up on IRC and with an ICQ# too) but it does massively simplify the onboarding process - both because it’s familiar to WhatsApp users (of which 99%+ of people who get signal would have previously had WhatsApp) and because you immediately know which of your contacts already have signal.
It’s pretty ironic this question was asked on YC haha. Specifically, the cofounder match is exactly what OP is looking for.
According to the Wikipedia link given, emulation is for host and target computer systems. In a computing context, 'emulate' is not a synonym for 'impersonate' - it describes an approach for a goal.

Wine does not aim to emulate a "Windows computer system" (aka a machine which booted into Windows). For instance, it doesn't allow one to run windows device drivers. WINE is taking an approach that ultimately means it is doing a subset of what is possible with full emulation (hopefully in return going much faster).

To put it another way, a mobile phone app with a HP49 interface that understands RPN is not necessarily a calculator emulator. It could just be an app that draws a calculator interface and understands RPN and some drawing commands. It doesn't necessarily have the capability to run firmwares or user binaries written for the Saturn processor.
Related:

A Catalogue of Optimizing Transformations (1971) [pdf] - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24397560 - Sept 2020 (7 comments)
Y2k. People act like it was a nothing because we fixed everything, but it wouldn't have been a nothing if we didn't fix everything!
That comment wasn't directed at any single individual. There's just been a lot of "I imagine you can just type in a username and that would all work, QED. Duh." type of comments across the board, hence my broad statement.

I agree Signal could add email addresses specifically, if verified and it wouldn't affect the threat model outside of introducing the network to more spam-able identifiers. Like I've said, if they figured out how to do that without degrading the quality of the experience today I doubt I'd be up in arms. I'm working on adding more email addresses to my contacts book, slowly. It probably makes more sense today than it did when Signal was born.

It's not about what Signal can and can't do, though. Signal needed a readily available offline locally owned and operated contacts book with to make their product vision work. So they used the one everyone has on their phone and it worked. They upgraded the security of everyone sending sms and mms. I think there's a way to celebrate that while asking for email address support without getting into the ream of "zomg Signal sux because they use gross phone numbers what idiots would design a system like that what a fucking mess of a royal debacle attn. whistle blowers and abortion seekers: signal is not for you". That type of response is what I'm railing against by simply reminding people that Signal is a successful product that does indeed work as advertised and that it doesn't exist in a vacuum.
I am considering this route as well. But dunno what the future holds. Would be good to meet like-minded folks.
There's a niche subreddit for everything and they often contain valuable information that's hard to find elsewhere. It also used to be full of real posts and opinions from real people but covert advertising is now rampant on the site. I seriously hope that never happens to HN.
Who says a computer be able to invent a virus by thinking about it really hard?
Why should hackers have any idea about economics? Not everyone can be a subject matter expert on everything, and it's easy to be swayed on topics like this where emotions run high (rightly so) and anecdotal evidence is everywhere.

As for the actual number being outlandish, I don't think most people have a sense of what "86% less purchasing power" even means. People see "<surprisingly big number> + less purchasing power" and that gets the eyeballs. "Hackers" are just as susceptible to this as any other non-experts.

Plus, plenty of people here do know what they're talking about, enough to call out the obvious problems in the article and charts.
I thought single junction was limited to mid 30% somewhere. Are multi junction perovskites cost effective or is a single junction over 40%?
Sometimes, idiotic moves like that DRAW people to your product who'd otherwise pass it by. The only reason cypress got publicly embarrassed by their secure rom being completely broken [1] was because the way they talked about it annoyed me.

[1] http://dmitry.gr/?r=05.Projects&proj=23.%20PSoC4
To an extent. Plant life captures carbon from the air and turns it into leaves and stalks. It dies and ends up in the soil where it gets degraded, and some carbon returns to the atmosphere but this occurs slowly and other plants will sooner grow in the vacant space left by the dead plant. Local effects change this of course and it could shift the other way. When I hike among the chaparral, I certainly see a lot more dust blow off the mountain tops than there are plants growing and shedding leaves and adding in more dirt at that instant for sure. The removal process from the prevailing wind is higher in this case than the adding process from plant matter and these mountains are therefore eroding away. If you live somewhere with trees that drop leaves that just stick around in the forest without blowing away, that area is probably adding dirt over time which can be noticeable sometimes if you live in an area for a long time.
One recent one that threw me sideways a little extra: Tea for God (Quest).

“..allow players infinite movement within their own place.“

You have to play roomscale and with only walking (+ elevators) for movement you explore huge procedurally-generated structures. It even adapts to the size of your play space.
Reminded me a bit of the Ex Machina graphic novel series where the dimension hopping cyborg is scanning the internet for information and remarks that at least the have Wikipedia in this reality.
I'm a PKI user not a PKI programmer. Please forgive the ignorant question I'm about to ask.

How can you have an intermediate certificate in a trust store mean anything? Wouldn't its trust be based on the root that signed it? It seems to me either the intermediate cert is signed by a trusted root (in which case mission accomplished) or it isn't, in which case it's the root (not intermediate) that needs to get added?

Again, not anywhere near my area of expertise. Assuming my understanding is wrong, it would be helpful for me to learn how, and id appreciate the guidance.
It's one approach. In general you get better performance when the input data is aligned with what the model is trained on.
Found motivation to look it up. This document suggests leaving enough space between the rows to accomodate the runoff.

"EMLR allows solar panels associated with ground-mounted solar farms to be considered
pervious if they are configured in accordance with the recommendations in this chapter.
These recommendations promote sheet flow of stormwater from the panels and natural
infiltration of stormwater into the ground beneath the panels."

...

"In general, the minimum disconnection length between two rows of solar panels is equal to the
width of each row, as shown in Figure 1. However, some panel layouts include horizontal gaps
between individual modules that allow stormwater to drip off the panels at intervals much
smaller than the width of each row. In these instances, the solar farm can be designed with a
smaller disconnection length, provided that they will not cause concentration of stormwater
runoff."

https://deq.nc.gov/media/12043/download
Presumably Apple has restricted the entitlement processing to disallow downgrades/SIP bypass of the boot OS? Personally I'm fine with requiring recovery mode for downgrades, and maybe for blacklisted upgrades as well.

IIRC they do something like revoking/disabling old iOS installers, but that seems a bit extreme for macOS.
I'm trying to make it seem like kitty doesn't have very strong security boundaries, and it's a bit of unknown what it can and cannot be made to do.

Me asking my editor to open /etc/passwd is me asking my editor to do something. My terminal emulator opening files and parsing them and deleting them just because I viewed untrusted content is something different. If you want to make that argument, you need to come up with an example where my editor accesses attacker-controlled files because I opened a random README.md.

Also, please read https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html, and shove your attitude.
You've made the classic error of assuming that Black entrepreneurs are necessarily building sector-specific products that would only appeal to Black audiences. Nobody assumes white male entrepreneurs pitch ideas appealing to white males. Which is amusing because the level implicit bias in the industry ensures that white males, are, in fact, the most likely audience. Amusing, because in the US that's only 31% of adults, and worldwide it's just ~8%.
Can confirm; once signed up as foo+bar@example.com, everything worked (including the confirmation mail)… and then the address was automatically normalized (‽) as foobar@example.com and I could no longer receive any mail (since that's a different account altogether).
I really enjoy this book precisely because it focuses on many basics that are glossed over in more contemporary books.

For example, while every knows what a random forest is, I wonder how many of those people actually know how to design and implement a decision tree, the building blocks of random forests.

It also spends a lot more time with the theory behind machine learning, which many more contemporary books gloss over. Computational learning theory, and specifically topics like PAC learning rarely get the attention they should.

I would also like to add that no academic book in ML truly becomes "irrelevant" or "out of date". In 2007 someone asking same question might have criticized the book for spending too much time on Neural Networks since they aren't really relevant any more (if you're unaware, NNs were largely viewed as a limited novelty in light of more recent developments in SVMs and RandomForests in the early 2000s).
Only on HN :)

NW is 8 figures. I fly coach, or business if it's a long haul AND the price is not more than 2.5x of coach.
Ad blocking that actually works is a pretty big advantage (chrome is gradually killing off ad blockers )
Oddly, I've had pretty much the opposite experience. Windows is so full of quirks. The irregularities keep me from doing things.

Each cat his rat I guess.
It’s not a perfect answer but my the incubator my old startup was at would have networking happy hours

People there despite already being in startups were super excited and interested in other peoples businesses

I had a founder try to poach me at one point, so it’s real enough

If there’s any kind of hub for startups in your city, start there.

If not, check meetup.com or start your own. You’re certainly not alone and there’s definitely (literal) value in being the guy who brings founders together
Thank you for summing this up so succinctly. I knew they comparing these two numbers was wrong, but I couldn't quite articulate it.