skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Just a guess, but they may have some sort of exclusive licensing deal with Sam’s Club where they are the only retailer that can sell the 500 pack. Exclusivity agreements for different SKUs such as this are common in the industry.
I wasn't claiming that OSS necessarily enables a specific individual to be able to hack on it.

Just in case of your example if as a TS programmer I learn about a new code IDE that is open source and is written in TS, I might be more motivated to go check it out and explore it. So that fact does deserve mentioning - that is all I was saying. Whether or not I eventually end up contributing to it depends on a lot of factors and is besides the point.
Right now, it is like a stock, if you listen to the US Gov... because they were scared of it becoming a currency
Transformer language models are doing something more general – LessWrong
North Korea is a Chinese client state. The Chinese aren’t going to permit that.
I would follow this tumblr.
> I’m gonna go out in a limb here and say you’re scared to cite anything in fear of it having a rebuttal.

Again, I’m not going to get in the weeds with someone who isn’t arguing in good faith. There’s no good that can come from it. In this case it’s extra pointless because I agree with this person. Nothing in the Mueller report is going to convince them of anything.

> As I said in my reply the report concludes that Trump didn’t collude with Russia to win the election. So the major conspiracy theory is throw out the window. It holds as much weight as Biden stealing the election.

The report doesn’t do anything of the sort. The report is entirely focused on assessing evidence of criminal liability. Since collusion isn’t an actual crime the report nothing directly to say on the matter, much less actually coming right out and concluding that it didn’t happen. That’s just ridiculous.

There is evidence that is presented in the context of other matters of potential criminal liability that would be relevant to any discussion of “collusion”. One example would be Manafort and Gates sharing internal polling data with the Russians. You would have to contort yourself pretty hard to rationalize this as something other than coordinating with Russias’s campaign of interference/assistance.
Anyone who has taken Melanotan-2 or PT-141 could tell you this ;^)
> Still, the icon will remain.

Not really. The need to "save" is becoming less and less relevant. All changes are synced with the cloud and stored immediately. Even in some programming IDEs the need to save is a lot less common.
Nuclear torpedoes are still a thing - https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status-6_Oceanic_Multipurpos...
Or just people that work in field don't watch so much porno.
I had a situation recently where I had a huge amount of data stored in a MariaDB database and I wanted to create a dashboard where users could interactively filter subsets and view the data. The naive solution of computing the aggregate statistics directly based on the users' filter parameters was too slow, most of the aggregation needed to be done ahead of time and cached. The website's backend code was a spaghetti house of horrors so I wanted to do as much as possible in the DB. (The first time in my career I chose to write more SQL rather than code)

If I had a fancy DB I could use CUBE or GROUPING SETS and MATERIALIZED VIEWs to easily pre-calculate statistics for every combination of filter parameters that automatically get updated when the source data changed. But I had MariaDB so I made do. I ended up with something like this:

SELECT ... SUM(ABS(r.ilength)) AS distance, COUNT(*) AS intervals FROM r
GROUP BY average_retro_bucket, customer, `year`, lane_type, material_type, state, county, district WITH ROLLUP
HAVING average_retro_bucket IS NOT NULL AND customer IS NOT NULL;

"The WITH ROLLUP modifier adds extra rows to the resultset that represent super-aggregate summaries. The super-aggregated column is represented by a NULL value. Multiple aggregates over different columns will be added if there are multiple GROUP BY columns."

So you can query like this to get stats for all districts in CA->Mendocino county:

SELECT * FROM stats_table WHERE state = 'CA' AND county = 'Mendocino' AND district IS NULL

or like this to get a single aggregate of all the counties in CA put together:

SELECT * FROM stats_table WHERE state = 'CA' AND county IS NULL AND district IS NULL

However unlike CUBE, WITH ROLLUP doesn't create aggregate result sets for each combination of grouping columns. If one grouping column is a NULL aggregate, all the following ones are too. So if you want to query all the years put together but only in CA, you can't do:

SELECT * FROM stats_table WHERE year IS NULL AND state = 'CA'

If `year` is null, all the following columns are as well. The solution was to manually implement wildcards before the last filtered group column by combining the rows together in the backend.

I worked around not having materialized views by creating an EVENT that would re-create the stats tables every night. The stats don't really need to be real-time. Re-writing the multiple-GB statistics tables every night will wear out the SSDs in 20 years or so, oh well.
https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1394903426023272452.html
Earlier revision discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22852316
The problem with most open source software that is in package managers is that it is usually done by one person. It isn't started by someone with a decade of interface design, it is often their first large important project, they DONT do the well designed interfaces because they haven't made the mistakes in interface design yet which they'll eventually learn from. And then when it comes to backwards compatibility it is cheap for you to say they should just support their old interfaces forever, but that has a cost and creates more friction going forwards for the projected. When it is one person working on open source who isn't getting paid, that is all somewhat unreasonable to expect and you just won't ever get it. In your world what you'll wind up with instead of back compat breaking changes is just abandoned and rotting software as maintainers give up.

You could do this by arguing that languages need very thick and well-designed standard libraries, which means that hopefully there's a large business supporting the library and there are teams of reasonably well paid software engineers who are doing the design work up front for everything. You should be explicit about that though.

I'm kind of not surprised that you cite one of Linus' asshole rants to LKML as well. Try screaming that at a single-person open source maintainer and watch them decide it just isn't worth it any more and quit on the project entirely.

If you want that then don't use anything outside of your language's standard library and don't use package managers and contributed source code at all. Write everything else yourself, no dependencies, no worries about backwards compatibility breaks.
I'd be willing to bet that a Wikipedia link will outlast a StackExchange answer.
I guess calling POSIX modern is a point of view, unless a language runtime is bound to Linux specific syscalls, any UNIX like OS will run "modern" web backends.

From that point of view, you can even do "modern" web backends on IBM and Unisys mainframes, using their POSIX environments.

And yes, they do actually support everything on that list, by the way, mainframes invented noSQL databases before SQL was a thing, have a look on ISAM.
Just upgraded from 9.2, easy-peezy
> 95% of the criticism of GraphQL is people complaining that GraphQL doesn't solve the problem of preparing the API response for these different requests.

This problem is solved by quite a few GraphQL providers nowadays. Hasura, DGraph (not true graphql but close enough), Prisma. I like Hasura quite a lot for many projects. Just define your database and you instantly have a full GQL API for the clients to use however they please, no backend required really. Doesn’t work for everything, but it’s pretty great for a wide swath of projects.
I'm curious which serverless product/provider supports the necessary low-latency requirements (read: UDP support.)

Or are you literally building your own atop something else?
Plus the advantage of changing the way you generate your externalIds. As long as they are stored the external links to said record stay stable which is typically important with integration
what is the amount of normalization that makes something more common than it is?
They're not saying you should look at some subset of individuals with positive results, you have misread.

The notion is that the difference between participants can mask the effect of the drug, such that comparing any individual participant to anyone but themselves is improper.
There are very well known studies, e.g.

https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1711842115

whose conclusions are that, by mass, the humans alone are many times more than all the wild terrestrial vertebrates together, while obviously the domesticated animals exceed a few times the humans, both in number and mass.

Of course the number and mass of animals are only partially correlated with the area occupied by them, because the larger some wild animals are, the less their surface density is, and except for animals as small as rodents or small birds their surface density is much less than that of humans in cities.

There are a few countries with a relatively low density of population, e.g. most of North America, Russia, Australia, the northern European countries (Finland, Sweden, Norway).

I am not familiar with the land status in these countries, but these are the only places on Earth where there is a chance for some areas occupied by wildlife to form a connected mesh, allowing slow migration, but even that must be sectioned by many roads and fences that may discourage the migration of animals from the places that they have inhabited from birth.

Other low human density areas on Earth, i.e. the tropical forests and the deserts, do not count, as they will not be destinations for animals or plants seeking lower temperatures. Of the other areas with low human density, only in the high mountains there would be possible migrations, when the animals and plants adapted to high altitudes and lower temperatures could die and be replaced by animals and plants coming from lower altitudes. Except that in many countries most of the wildlife is already in the mountains, so there might be very few wild animals and plants left at lower altitude, ready to replace the former inhabitants from high altitudes, which will never have any way out.

On the other hand I am more familiar with the status in Western and Eastern Europe and in some parts of Asia, where I have traveled frequently through several countries.

Here, it is enough to fly a plane over several European countries in a sunny day, and you will see only agricultural land, villages and cities, with only isolated and scattered remains of forests, lakes or uncultured land, or isolated parts of mountains that remain wild.

There already is a great difference between how some places were when I was young and I traveled to them and how they are now. Several decades ago, there were relatively large connected wild areas in some mountains, but meanwhile a lot of roads have fragmented the mountains, owners have built fences around land parcels, some forests have been cut and so on, so where there was a larger wild area now there are many disconnected smaller wild areas.
> There is no record that he attempted to use internal channels

From the beginning of the Snowden quote:

> I could not legally go to the official channels that direct NSA employees have available to them

In addition, I find it difficult to take any congressional report on this matter, including the one you cited, seriously given that their primary source is a group of people who have repeatedly lied to Congress without consequence.
Let me pick and choose a few points since replying to everything will necessitate a similar 40-page post.

FreeBSD has great engineering and release management practices
When someone gets an idea and develops something new, it first gets peer technical reviews

The recent WireGuard debacle left a bad taste about this. As it actually turns out, sometimes there is zero technical review for very important patches and a few blessed developers can (and sometimes do) just throw their stuff directly into trunk.

Unlike on Linux, the ZFS filesystem is a first class citizen on FreeBSD

ZFS has first-class support on Ubuntu and is compiled into the kernel.

FreeBSD also supports boot environments

Including this one IIRC.

Jails

Well... linux has containers, and if all you need is isolation there's this: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29976096

systemd is not required (all the heavy lifting is done by the kernel using the same features employed by containers), but it's available almost everywhere and makes this easy.

security

I actually think it's worse in this regard because of the link above. Most services on my machines are heavily locked down and isolated from each other since systemd makes this very easy (add a few key-value pairs to an .ini file and it's done). On FreeBSD the developer must add capsicum support (which is not easy to say the least), or you have to setup jails for each and every application manually.

Capsicum

Excluding the usual boring stuff like seccomp-bpf, we now also have this: https://lwn.net/Articles/859908

It's pretty much unveil for Linux. I think it kind of flew under the radar.

I don't believe there's anything like capcisum, though.

DTrace

https://www.brendangregg.com/dtrace.html#Linux

There's also real DTrace on Oracle Linux if you're ready to sell your soul:

https://docs.oracle.com/en/operating-systems/oracle-linux/dt...

bhyve

Not sure if this counts as a particular advantage.

Firewall

I find nftables to be pretty enjoyable to work with. It has a similar syntax, removes duplication of rules (supporting both ipv4 and ipv6 at the same time), etc. I actually removed firewalld from many RHEL servers and went with nft directly.

Security Event Auditing

Uhm… so like auditd?
macOS is a fine Unix desktop to drive your FreeBSD servers from...
The linked article supports the OPs claim.

> As it fell, one bomb deployed its parachute: a bad sign, as it meant the bomb was acting as if it had been deployed deliberately. It started flying through the seven-step sequence that would end in detonation. The last step involved a simple safety switch. When a military crew found the bomb, it was nose-down in the dirt, with its parachute caught in the tree, still whole. As the Orange County Register writes, that last switch was still turned to SAFE.

Perhaps you are saying the same thing arriving from different paths. OP didn't say why it was amazing they didn't detonate. Maybe they read the same article. Are you assuming that they think nukes just go boom in an explosion?

It is amazing they didn't detonate, given how far along in the arming sequence they seam to have been. It is not hard to conceive of something bumping that switch during the destruction of the plane ... world might be a very different place had that happened. US thought it was nuked (by the Soviets), launches attack, Soviets launch counter attack.
> without realizing that cookies used to be exactly that

I believe the author does realize that:

> at least, I'm guessing IE must implement cookies using separate small files, or must have done so at one point

Netscape used to store cookies similar to curl in a single file, one cookie per line. IE was the only browser (AFAIK) that stored cookies in individual text files, and somehow that became canon. So I don't think it's correct in general to say "cookies used to be text files".
There are many, many papers that show how you can make innocuous changes to inputs to make neutral nets produce the wrong result. You might be overestimating the difficulty of this process.
Haven't tried Mono, Node, or anything NoSQL, but Java, Ruby, and Postgres all run pretty well. It is runtime-compatibile with Linux executables and you can even install a linux distro in a jail

https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/setting-up-a-debian-linux...
I've always loved gHacks[0] and ZDNet's Zero Day[1].

Those are my daily staple. Always something new to learn.

[0] https://www.ghacks.net/

[1] https://www.zdnet.com/blog/security/
I have to disagree with you there. It is possible, but it causes other annoying problems.

For example, field-level security pretty much means every field could be null at any time. Depending on your graphql server implementation, this might cause an entire request to fail rather than just that field to be omitted, unless you change your schema to where everything is nullable.

Checking every field can also easily lead to performance issues, because it’s not uncommon for a large, complex graphql request to have hundreds or thousands of fields (particularly when displaying lists of data to a user).
Just IMO, but with physical books you can open them and inspect the content, this might not be important for literature books but for more technical books you want to see examples. I am not from US and our online book stores do not allow you to electronically browse the books. Review might help, I wanted to buy a programming book for my son (Roblox sutff) and a review told me that the code listings are garbage and there is no actual care in the type setting of the book, now imagine I buy this book at the moment there is no such a reivew(and if the review was wrong then I avoided a good book), with a real store you can see for yourself, the downsides that the book selection might be limited for niche subjects.

Also I think is faster to evaluate the book if you have it in your hands, you can immediately notice if the quality is bad or good, if the fonts are maybe too small so it would be hard to read, if the content feels padded with tons of irrelevant stuff, if you like the art style or language of the author. Is the same like when you want to buy a phone or monitor, if you have it in your face you can imediatly spot things you don't like and see the real dimensions where if you have just some pictures and numbers in your face it is harder.(I bought a watch as gift for someone and when it arrived I was shocked how small it is in reality, there were numbers in the description but numbers felt ok for me at that time)
Nobody should trust NIST.

I don't even support NIST's mission; even if you assembled a trustworthy NIST, I would oppose it.

The logical problem with the argument Bernstein makes about NSA picking the least trustworthy scheme is that it applies to literally any scheme NIST picks. It's unfalsifiable. If he believes it, his FOIA effort is a waste of time (he cannot FOIA NSA's secret PQC attack knowledge).

The funny thing here is, I actually do accept his logic, perhaps even more than he does. I don't think there's any reason to place more trust in NIST's PQC selections than other well-reviewed competing proposals. I trust the peer review of the competitors, but not NIST's process at all.
Cloud GPU Comparison Table
Look, literally do not agree with almost everything you said, and don't care to respond.

But rather than ghost you, I am leaving this so you know not to keep checking for a reply.
JavaScript for loops (A to Z):for, while, for in, for of, data types, generators
Not in this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F9RczIcY_1c

However it IS in this: https://www.seriouseats.com/the-food-lab-vegan-experience-be...
> Why are we repeating these same questions when we already have an answer?

The answer is not solar and wind. For solar and wind to replace fossil fuels for electricity generation will require ramping up mining activity by a factor of a few tens from current levels. Not to mention the fact that we still don't know how to produce solar panels and wind turbines without using fossil fuels - for mining, metallurgy and transport. The numbers are just not there.

The only possible answer is a significant reduction of energy consumption, but it seems very few people are ready to accept it.
Based on your logic, you’ve never worked for Airbnb, Uber, Facebook, Twitter, etc… which is also funny cause they have fantastic engineering culture. What a strange way to filter yourself out of great engineering companies just because of a piece of technology
> What exactly is the useful part, though? I mean, it's technically wrong.

At least in Internet Explorer 3 and Netscape Navigator, cookies were stored as individual files in the file system. In that sense at some point in time it was somewhat correct.

However the relevant part: On e in a time computer users knew files and we're working a lot with them. Operating systems like Windows 95 pushed files into the front (instead of first picking the program and in the program opening the thing they pushed Explorer to "explore the computer" and then finding the right program for the file) There a file was a understandable unit of data.
I did a more unusual approach by using an MX switch casing to hide the Trackpoint behind an unused key: https://imgur.io/a/0VHce
here even spores are illegal....
And such options are, IMO, likely to be necessary if fusion is to be competitive.
Time to invest in that maker of UVB bedroom lightbulbs
That is why we need to increase the cost of each phone call and reduce the percentage who actually fall for it. If it only costs $100 to bother a million people, but you can get $1000 from a dozen people who fall for it, then it remains a profitable business model.

If however, it cost 50 cents for each call then cold calling a million people now has a half million dollar expense. You have to get a lot more people to fall for it in order to cover your costs.
Sorry, that sounds too mystical to me and I don't believe in the supernatural. I note you're not the OP though?
They'll actually still do it for Israel and Iran I believe.
The title question was the original source. The answer was a list of places it was found, including the earliest.
It’s a way artists hold a pencil; I don’t hold my stylus anything like that on a day-to-day basis. It’s a useful grip that I’d be constantly using if I was still working with a pencil, and more importantly, it’s a grip that forces you to learn how to draw from your shoulder, rather than resting the weight of the hand on the paper and pivoting from there. This changes everything about how you write and draw, once you get used to it.

And damn, that’s a heck of a video! It feels more to me like the pencil tip is left normal, with the line weight variance coming from very controlled variation of the pressure; you’ll notice that all the fat lines are coming when they’re pulling down. All the upstrokes are pale and thin, if they put the same pressure into those they’d probably be gouging holes in the paper. A .9mm mechanical pencil is surprisingly expressive compared to a .5 or thinner!

Edit: I just took a .7mm mechanical out and tried some similar writing; pressure can indeed do most of the line weight variety seen there.
How are things these days with graphics (well, NVIDIA and maybe intel, I don't care about amd) drivers, CUDA, ML? How's support in general for latest hardware like CPUs, mobos/wifi?
On the other hand an advantage that solar and wind have is that they are predictable in the medium term. Weather forecasts are fairly reliable predictors of solar & wind output about a week or so out. They also ramp up and down smoothly.

So while grid operators have to be constantly adjusting for solar & wind output variations, they can do so without panic and without customers noticing.

Reactor shutdowns, while rare, are sometimes very unexpected and drop a lot of capacity from the grid very quickly.
GraphQL let’s you write optimisations once that apply across all you queries which is a huge advantage.

I think we can do better than GraphQL but until that solution arrives and achieves wide adoption I will keep using it