skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
There's a simpler explanation for the rareness of bat fossils:

"Bat fossils are extremely rare. Ancient bats, like their modern counterparts, were small and fragile, and they tended to live in tropical habitats, where decay occurs very rapidly. Just about the only way a bat can become fossilized is if it dies in a place where it is swiftly covered with sediment that protects it from scavengers and microorganisms alike."

However a transitional bat fossil was discovered around 2000, so probably after your school book was written:

"Onychonycteris, however, has a combination of archaic and modern traits that make it exactly the sort of transitional creature evolutionary biologists have longed for.

"We chose the genus name Onychonycteris (“clawed bat”) because the fossil displays claws on all five fingers, just as its terrestrial predecessors did. The presence of these claws is not the only feature of Onychonycteris that recalls nonflying mammals. Most bats have very long forearms and tiny hind limbs. Onychonycteris, however, has proportionately shorter forearms and proportionately longer hind limbs than those of other bats. Compared with other mammals, the limb proportions of Onychonycteris are intermediate between those of all previously known bats (including Icaronycteris) and those of arboreal mammals that rely heavily on their forelimbs for locomotion, such as sloths and gibbons. These animals hang from branches much of the time as they climb around in the trees. Perhaps bats evolved from arboreal ancestors that used a similar form of locomotion.

"Despite these primitive limb features, other aspects of the anatomy of Onychonycteris indicate that it was capable of powered flight. Its long fingers would have supported wing membranes, and robust clavicles (collarbones) would have helped anchor the forelimbs to the body. Meanwhile a wide rib cage and a keeled sternum would have supported large flight muscles, and a faceted scapula would have secured other specialized, flight-related muscles."

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/uncovering-bat-ev...
You only get more tokens when you're right. So to "win" you have to bet high when you know you'll be right, so you get the most tokens, and bet low when you're not sure so you don't lose too many. Getting it wrong only loses you tokens.
So you've established: People in Madagascar don't get cancer.
Quite a few inaccuracies in there. The ones that jump at me:

- OCaml does type inference, so you don't actually declare the types and have the compiler check them, as stated in the article.
- Investors are not market-makers, the two words actually refer to the two types of opposed participants in the market.
- OCaml is the language used for research, but they actually have a lot of developers working on the compiler and on libraries for OCaml which are themselves implemented in C or C++.
- Jane Street is hiring massively and not nearly as exclusive as advertised here, though they do indeed pay slightly above the average. Most likely they had a few good years and are investing the cash they made into hiring expensive staff.
>A Junta is an oligarchy lead by a military council.

The USA has exactly this, in the form of the revolving door that connects the Joint Chiefs of Staff with the CFR.

https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving/

See also: https://s3.amazonaws.com/docs.pogo.org/report/2018/POGO_Bras...

Its figureheads give the impression of democracy, but nobody voted to murder 5% of Iraqs population - the generals went ahead and did it anyway.
If one embeds a sequence number into the data of each QR code, then they can be scanned independently and ordered later using the sequence number.
IMO, What we need is a website that is a combination of something like Cooklang[0] and a git forge - This way you can "fork" ;) recipes to modify and maintain attributions and have a machine readable format to convert weights, calculate dynamic portions etc.

Does anything like this exist?

[0]: https://cooklang.org/
Is it a purpose-built desktop app or is it just the web version stuffed into an Electron container (like Slack)?
Everything I run on my home server is through docker (compose). The data directories are mounted via NFS on my NAS - that data gets backed up to Amazon Glacier (in case my house burns down or something) + an external HDD plugged into the NAS.

This already solves a lot of issues imo. If something goes down it's not the end of the world. If the machine dies all I have to do is mount the NFS shares and run the compose files.
Followed quantpy tutorials to implement my own black scholes and heston pricing models last year. Highly recommend.
+1 to Trading at the Speed of Light. A great read, particularly for any engineer curious about clinging to the limits of physics. An example: microwave towers are used to beam data from Chicago to New York because it's faster than fiber optic cables. Even crazier: these microwave towers have their repeater hardware at the top of the tower (microwave towers usually have it at the bottom) so that they don't lose time in wires going from the top to the bottom.
All the time.

I use it for:

- Ecommerce product descriptions [1]
- SEO Metadescriptions [2]
- Email replies/message replies/ethics/artificial brain center for empathy [3]
- looking up logistics knowledge
- synonyms for search queries "what keywords would someone who is searching for XYZ use to find ABC" (and stuffing these in a column on the db)
- a wolfram alpha replacement

... the list goes on.

Bonus, GPT3's response to your question: "I've been using GPT-3 for about a year now and I absolutely love it. I've never had any problems with it, and it's always been a great help."

[1] https://files.littlebird.com.au/Screen-Recording-2022-08-02-...

[2] https://files.littlebird.com.au/Screen-Recording-2022-08-02-...

[3] https://files.littlebird.com.au/Screen-Recording-2022-08-02-...
I did my PhD on this topic.

One classic result from biophysics is that, if all of your decisions have a fixed level of difficulty, then what the author suggests is (mathematically) proven to be suboptimal: if a decision feels more difficult, you actually should spend more time on that decision. (Keywords to search for: drift diffusion model[2], sequential probability ratio test[3])

The technical term for what the author is suggesting one should do (not spending so much time on decisions with equal outcomes) is an "urgency signal", or just "urgency" for short. If you are using an urgency signal, then you will spend less time on difficult decisions (i.e. ones with near equal outcomes) than you would without an urgency signal, but still more than you would easy decisions. (For easy decisions, you spend approximately the same amount of time regardless of whether you have an urgency signal.) In the extreme case, for an infinitely strong urgency signal, you will spend equal time on both easy and difficult decisions. (See Paul Cisek's work, e.g., [1].) Conceptually speaking, you need time to detect that the current decision has near-equal outcomes.

It was only recently (mathematically) proven that if you have different levels of difficulty in your decisions, it is optimal to use an urgency signal [4,5]. So since most sequences of decisions aren't all equally difficult (as in the study referenced here), in practice, people will use an urgency signal in decision-making.

Of course, both the desired accuracy and the urgency signal depend on how the decision is being evaluated: if your goal is to make an accurate decision (e.g. buying a house), then you will have a weaker urgency signal and require more evidence before you make a decision. By contrast, if you prioritise decision speed, you will show more urgency signal and require less evidence to make a choice. (The technical term is "speed-accuracy tradeoff".)

Current work suggests that when you are making some decision for the first time, you will not use an urgency signal, but as you become an expert at making those decisions, you will gradually develop an urgency signal [6]. This makes sense conceptually: if you know approximately how hard you can expect these decisions to be, you will recognise the situation where they have approximately the same utility and adjust your strategy accordingly.

[1] https://www.jneurosci.org/content/29/37/11560

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-alternative_forced_choice#...

[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequential_probability_ratio_t...

[4] https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2017-16730-001.pdf

[5] https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13423-017-1340-6

[6] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S00100...
The obvious x = x + y and the also-works x += y. There is more than one way to do the operation. The conceptually more simple way would be the former as it does not require the programmer to know an extra operator.
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> Maybe some of those variations are due to running the same Excel on different versions of Windows, and it conforming to what it thinks native looks like on each. It's hard to tell.

The Office apps have used their own controls for a long time. Check out Word 97 running on Windows NT 3.51 for example: http://toastytech.com/guis/nt351word.png / http://toastytech.com/guis/nt3513.html
Ah, this is what React suffers from.
It will not be avoided. The oligarchy is in control, and until they see downsides, nothing will change.
Cloud Monads
Had "The Man Who Solved The Market: How Jim Simons Launched The Quant Revolution" on my shelf for several years as an out-of-the-blue birthday present but I finally got around to reading it earlier this year and I'd absolutely recommend it.

The emphasis on published work rang a bell, but thumbing through the book I can't find it off hand.
It seems like the main problem here is that Python does not enforce that the subclass hook method is pure and so allows you to create buggy implementations. The spec should mandate that the method is pure and causing side effects should be a runtime (or compile time) error.
That math rarely pencils out. Most companies with large storage budgets have figured out that you can design write-intensive storage engines for cheap read-optimized flash that will last several years without an issue despite the relatively low number of write cycles. This is easy to verify on a cocktail napkin if one can assume the software is efficient with its use of storage bandwidth. In most applications with sane storage architectures, you might physically rewrite an SSD once a month, and often less, despite relatively high write intensity.

Quite a lot of software is excessively wasteful with storage writes, in which case it is more of an issue. That says more about the software than the storage, and can be addressed by not being profligate.
Or suffer a loss to cancer. That changes kinds quickly too
Presumably the goal is to have a lot of chips at the end (more than you started with?). I would assume if you bet 10 chips, you get 10 for being right, and zero for not. So betting 0 chips all the time probably won't get you the job!
Being on chain doesn‘t have an impact if it still needs centralised architecture like DnS and a webserver with a static ip. It‘s no problem taking them down if it would be legal to do so. But I don‘t know why its not legal to simply cut them off.
Edit: if you remove the second 'at' it makes sense.

I think they mean that the buyer will agree to pay $5000 now for say 10 shares (close to current valuation), and get it in a week regardless if they will be worth $0, $5000 or $100000 at that point. They would prefer to buy it now, but can't, and thus are willing to pay a fee to make it happen.

However, the motivation (and pricing) is different from futures trading: here the buyer would prefer to buy the asset immediately, but because of market inefficiencies or unavailability it's not possible. So some dealer figures he can make that happen in a week, takes a small fee, and agrees to the trade. In the meantime, the dealer might want to buy something that correlates with the value of the actual asset to cover his bet -- e.g. they might be able to buy most of the stocks in the ETF in roughly the same amounts, and just accept the remaining risk.

There is however a chance that they will not be able to complete the transaction.
Interestingly - as the article argues the registry is basically a crappy filesystem - the real (NTFS) filesystem already has all three of those date entries (created, modified, accessed).

I agree it would be nice of all data could be seamlessly associated with the programs that have touched it. I think Android/Apple kind of do this by giving each app its own storage sandbox / directory (to some extent).
More like all the airlines fly Boeing.
Imagine you walk into a kitchen and someone is plating a decent-looking (at first glance at least) piece of toast. They could have used an oven or a toaster oven or a broiler or a traditional toaster, flamethrower, Bic lighter, or Superman’s laser eyes.

They are all theoretically good ways to make toast.

You ask: What did you use to make your toast?

They respond: A toaster.

As a bit of banal, passive curiosity you think “Why the toaster in particular?”

And then somebody shows up calling you a toaster hater
Yeah it's great for a web agency as clients just "get it".
This. I got an HP Elitedesk g4 (i5-8500) a while ago, enticed by the small size but desktop-tier performance, and support for dual NVME + SATA drives.

I figured it would be great for my needs as a transportable PC, instead of a laptop; it was much cheaper.

Boy, do I hate it. It has this whiny fan noise than never stops. And if the CPU needs to do the least bit of work, the fan ramps up even more.

Otherwise, it's a nice little computer. Also, the newer generations – I think starting with gen 6, which look different – seem quieter. They probably realized that having a fan rattle around isn't great.
You shouldn't. A Pi (even the 8G one) is seriously under powered and lacks a hardware clock. I recently went through the exercise of setting up a Pi for a Minecraft server only have to replace it with an office desktop within the week because it couldn't handle it when my friends were on. Turned out to be an expensive lesson, the Pi is a toy for solo tinkering and nothing more.

edit: I even tried overclocking the Pi and dialing down the simulation distance in Minecraft.
Sine and cosine are a bit special because they are the real and imaginary part of the exponential function of an imaginary argument; that's why they reappear when taking the derivative multiple times, why they are exactly periodic, and why the sum of their squares equals 1.

Tightly wound spirals, like those formed by the Airy functions and the Fresnel integrals, have almost the same shape as exact repetitions of a circle; graphs end up looking very similar.
Congratulations on pursuing an idea, and for getting it to this point! My honest feedback:

* It's not clear to me why I should use this.

* I don't enjoy the design.

Anyway, hope you keep improving!
What I've always wondered about this is what the experience is like during the transitionary period. Surely it doesn't instantly flip from completely upside-down to completely upright.

Another question I had is could you learn to instantly switch between them? If you alternated between wearing the glasses and not every few days, would the adaptation period shorten each time? Would it eventually become instant? This is usually the case for motor skills e.g. controlling something with an inverted vs. non-inverted axis.
Thanks for the reference! Doing that directly with SLAAC is of course even nicer.
I will take a "volative" millennial over a senile boomer.
The article mentions Musk but not ... Tesla?

How about Einstein, Newton, Ford or the Wrights?

Innovation is inherently disruptive - it changes the way the world runs.

Now that's not to say you need disruption to be successful (Buffett seems to have gotten to where he is by being extremely canny and fastidious), or that buzz-wordy disruption leads to innovation (and not just badly spent VC money).
Google can ask questions like what credit card providers do. They can ask questions about some of their emails, if the verified person can answer them, then they probably are the owner.
1s is very achievable iff you have spare capacity and images already pulled. There's good reasons the latter is hard to achieved, and the former is a tradeoff few are willing to make as it increases costs.
Oh wow, they really were comparing Kit-Kat & Mars bars as an "economic-value-based food-choice task". If the scientists' criteria was economic, why were subjects asked "which of two food items they would prefer to eat at the end of the experiment"? And then they call this decision "Willingness To Pay", even though the subjects receive the chocolate for free.

Maybe we should just strip this back to actual facts. Scientists observed that subjects in a trial typically spent 250ms longer choosing between a free KitKat & Mars bar (that they may receive after the experiment), than they did on choosing between two groups of random dots on a screen.
Imagine needing a negative leap second
If that's the case. shouldn't someone be able to find out which ingredients are harmful? It's unlikely all of them are.
> Q3: Why can't we promote from the pool from the answer to Q2 instead of hiring externally?

To offer a few potential answers:

* Because the existing company culture is not conducive to taking a step forward, and you intentionally want to bring in outside ideas (e.g., bigger-company experience).

* Because the people who are the answer to Q2 don't get along all that well, or are worried about their individual career paths, and promoting one of them above the others will make them upset in the short term.

* Along the same lines - because you don't trust the people from Q2 to level up and handle the full scope, and will instead always favor "their" organization.
“Battle not with monsters, lest ye become a monster, and if you gaze into the abyss, the abyss gazes also into you.” Nietzsche

Don't cut out the best part of the quote :-)
a) Your tip actually did make it work. It is really a crazy fun experiment!

b) It was maybe about 4 seconds. I stood up and actually only noticed it one second in. I took one more step just from memory. (Like I would for example walk to the toilet at night without turning the light on).
The picture on the tv did not seem to move. It looked like a frozen frame.
Yes, after those seconds I saw normal again. It was exactly like a video call that got stuck. Also I kept hearing the conversation on tv.

The illness was 'Lemierre's syndrome'. I had it very bad as doctors couldn't find out what was wrong we with me. Also I should have been in hospital much sooner but that is a whole different story.
I could not sleep for an extremely long time because of the symptoms. Also many of my organs where infected. So I was both physically and mentally exhausted.
It was not my only weird experience I got because of it.
Most notably where the out of sync memories and what I can only describe as 'hallucinations inside memories'.
I was not under medication at that time.

Your theory about my vision going to sleep seems very plausible.
Same here, Myspace (and my dad’s Macromedia Dreamweaver book) was my entry to code. Oh how I miss it!

I started working on a social network that’s basically that era of Myspace but got sidetracked by other projects. I’ll probably get back to it around the holidays.
Sorry if I missed them but I couldn’t see any company details on the site.

Could you say some about who “we” are in this context?

i.e. where are you based, personnel, long term goals, etc.

I think you have an interesting project idea here. I’d consider this as a replacement to my home NAS when it becomes available in the UK. Good luck to you.
or doing latency arbitrage
Unfortunately the source spreadsheet was not shared, but the root cause was a misreported codepage (which you can actually fix with a hex editor!)

"Â ", where the second character is a unicode non-breaking space characters (U+00A0), is the CP1252 encoding of the byte sequence [0xC2, 0xA0] which is the UTF-8 encoding of "\u00A0". So all that really needs to happen is to get Excel to think that the file is UTF-8 encoded.

The fix? For XLS, there is a special Codepage record that indicates how strings are to be interpreted. The magic value to force UTF-8 interpretation is 65001, and it is possible to use a hex editor to find exactly where that record is located and change it.
This is a really great list, and matches most of my "corporate" experience.

I would add one simple caveat, though. It's usually difficult to observe and measure all the listed items, unless you have been working with such executive for a long period of time.

The hard part is to figure this out in months, not years.

Edit: or possibly, to figure it out before actually hiring the fraud.
India as a whole didn't even exist back then. Why don't historians describe only in terms of ancient kingdoms or whatever geographical entities existed back then and then describe what current political boundaries contains that area today?
Midnight (dice game) Monte Carlo Simulation
Using Monte Carlo simulations to calculate Midnight (dice game) score probabilities.
Whenever the topic comes up, I throw out a reference to Hull's Futures, Options and other derivatives, Wilmott's Quantitative Finance, and possibly also Taleb's Dynamic Hedging.

That's more than enough on the instrument math side, most of what you'll see is pretty mundane stuff, unless you end up on an exotics structuring desk.

I'd also note that JS and other MMs mostly don't do anything requiring you to know the intimate details of these things, a lot of it is understanding how the market works rather than the deep instrument math. That might mean other kinds of math of course.
Config Connector [1] is also an option in this space for GCP, it supports many GCP resources and thus far our experience with it has been largely positive.

[1] https://cloud.google.com/config-connector/docs/overview
> As useless as any pure mathematics

Are you hearing yourself talk?
Do you know why you have (to just name one example out of many) thousands of pictures on your phone, and not just a few?
Because of pure mathematics. Because of compression: Even JPEG2000 from back in the day uses intricate and beautiful compression algorithms based on wavelets.
By now, finance and FAANG have minted a very large number of tech millionaires. So, in practice, you have you ask yourself why ~nobody has actually done what you say. Personally I don't think it's because of a lack of funds.