skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The trick is to remember that a neural network is a function approximator. A good deal of AI research is in the business of casting "intelligence" as a "function" so that you can pose a problem and figure out how to feed it data, ie., well-defined input and output. That's why different function approximators can be used for AI, such as decision trees, etc., not just neural networks. What to model, and how to model it, are orthogonal problems, both interesting in their own right. It just happens that NN are particularly good at handling high-dimensional inputs, which are necessary for perception tasks, as well as for handling large vocabulary language modeling, so they are doing rather well lately.

On the other hand, there are lots of places where "functions" are useful, that have nothing to do with "intelligence", but where actually writing the function with full fidelity can be difficult or intractable. These are also opportunities where learnable function approximation can provide some great benefit, provided you can figure out how to pose the problem such that data is available for the learning part.

A good example is in physically-based rendering, you have lots of complicated aspects of light transport for which we can model the physics quite well, but when you get into complicated reflections and scattering, etc., this can all be modeled by a complicated function called the BRDF [0]. Hand-writing a good BRDF is possible, and quite typical of high-end renderers in fact, but it's no surprise that there's been research in replacing it with a "neural BRDF" [e.g. 1].

That's just to give an example of a place where a single, very targeted and small (but complicated) part of a larger framework can stand to benefit from data-driven modeling, and a neural network can be one good way to do that. Another example is similar usage in computation fluid dynamics [2], where we can hand write a pretty good model, but to capture what is missing, it can be useful to have an approximator. The problem there is that having approximated the function well, it doesn't necessarily lead to better human understanding of the phenomenon. Discovering the true, sparse latent variables in a way that is interpretable, instead of a black box, is a useful step towards that. (Which I guess the current article is aiming at, but I haven't read it in full yet.) But sometimes all you want is results, as in the case of synthesizing a good controller. For example in CFD, if you can use the blackbox model to generate a good stabilizer for an ocean platform, you don't really care about the physics, as long as it's accurate enough to be trustworthy. So the utility of these methods, like most things, is relative to what your goals are.

[0]: https://pbr-book.org/3ed-2018/Color_and_Radiometry/Surface_R...

[1]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.03797

[2]: https://github.com/loliverhennigh/Computational-Fluid-Dynami...
Please someone tell me wether it is at all possible to deliver very complex/sophisticated b2b stuff via cloud stuff.

For me it seems to be a nightmare to debug complex stuff, but without the “old” tooling it seems to me that it is quite impossible to do this when buried behind queues, pubsubs, cloud functions and all that.

Any comment on this is quite welcome.
That seems to be using WSGI, not ASGI, though, so no natively `async` views..?
> Once you get to that point, it becomes SUPER hard to start splitting things out.

Maybe, but if you split it from the start you die by a thousand cuts, and likely pay the cost up front, even if you’d never get to the volumes that’d require a split.
It's an interesting thought, since you might effect a larger momentary difference than you could achieve any other way, depending on personal predisposition.

But for one, the total change we can achieve as a society that way is limited--gcc and LLVM are almost optimally efficient already, the total possible saving probably wouldn't exceed 10%; larger changes could be achieved on higher abstraction levels (higher-level languages, full-program analysis, ..), though.

And secondly, such efficiency gains tend to be eaten up as they come. The same energy is just spent on either an inefficiency in another place (e.g. saving on human cost instead), or on new things that can be done with it. (Similar to how ~20 years ago the thought was that the office of the future would be paperless, whereas in reality the amount of paper used hasn't decreased last I heard.) This is because computing is used as much as it is affordable[1]. Making it cheaper just affords more of it.

E.g. if you make LLVM or gcc faster, it allows for people using Python for longer before moving to Go or Rust or whatever.

PS. I guess if you're subscribing to the view that technological progress is good, that's still a positive. But technological progress can also be viewed as being largely the reason why we've got a climate problem, and especially the speed in which we have progressed is why we're running into the problem so hard that it will be difficult to handle.

[1] affordable in the sense of energy cost for large organisations, or in the sense of time cost or human cost for small organisations.
It's absolutely logically consistent to allow humans to do X while forbidding AI to do X.
>you need expertise in the field you are studying, as well as in at least two of CS, software engineering, statistics, and mathematics

There are some very talented undergraduates with expertise in several of the above. They generally end up being the most successful PhD students, since they are immediately productive from the get-go. (Or, they work as a junior quant at Jane Street.)

>people must continue learning basic skills during PhD

Hence why they’re considered trainees, and not junior employees. Junior employees may have rudimentary skills in certain areas, but not so rudimentary that their productivity is zero (or negative!)

>and postdoc

No postdocs should still be learning basic skills. The (ostensible) purpose of a postdoc is a final step to prepare very talented PhDs for a faculty position. People who are faculty material should have mastered all relevant skills during their PhD. Sadly, the postdoc has been perverted to become a holding tank to absorb excess PhDs with no other career options, since, as the article points out, postdocs are a source of cheap experienced labor.

I’m all for treating grad students and postdocs as real employees, but we need to acknowledge that doing so would dramatically raise standards for admission, which I’m also all for.
I though of that but I think it's still wayyy too expensive. But I hope in a few years or even a few decades it will be the case
Agreed. I grew up in a loud house. Now I see it as disrespectful. When you're in university you have 8am classes, and exams, and essays and essays, and OMG work. If one person is asking you to be quiet, then 20 others are running low on batteries for their noise cancelling headphones.
Link some perhaps?
Me too - ESA is a pretty heavy user of RTEMS.
Thoughts like these are hillarious when you've lived part of your life under the Romanian communist regime. Yes, we had elections too. I was too young to remember the details, but I'm sure no adult gave a shit about them because they were pointless.

Naivety would be charming if it weren't dangerous. You also believe what the seller is telling you about the product? Esp in the US where any lie is legal if you're trying to sell something...
How broadly is this true?

Some of us developers do want to focus on things that are useful to people, that we can describe to non-tech people we meet in public. Are those of us who run bootstrapped, all-remote SaaS companies going to have trouble hiring?
I'm surprised nobody mentioned comment spam, it's a bit better but still present under any somewhat popular video I run across, it's been years!
Time enjoyed is not wasted :)

Still it is a bit of addiction and I try to limit myself to 4 - 6 games in one sitting.
> An a non-American the level of anti-TikTok sentiment seems really weird

China, via a state sponsored outlet, just threatened to shoot the speaker of the house's plane if it went to Taiwan and you find USA's stance on TikTok, an extension of the CCP, "really weird"?
You just beat me to posting a link to Safran's song.

But most of all, don't aim too high,
You're probably only suited to an office or factory job
Put a bowl inside a larger bowl (elevated by a rock or something). Pour salt water into the larger bowl. Put cling wrap over the whole thing. Put a pebble in the middle of the cling wrap. Set in the sun.
You didn’t win this either.

The last time I bought a (used) car from a dealership, I walked out, and they caught me as I was walking out the lobby and dropped the add-on, and then another add-on after some arguing since they knew I’d leave. That was successful.
Open source in general wouldn't exist without lots of people who contribute and underpay themselves for it, but I'm not sure what I'm not supposed to be making a mistake about? Can you clarify?
You hire the same kinds of people that these companies hire to design their products to be addictive and then you draft legislation banning the things that they say are addictive.
Guess I best upgrade my production side-project from Django 1.5.9
Eqwalizer: A Type-Checker for Erlang
> They're a business after all.

I'd argue that using this phrase to write off wider ethical concerns is one of the key issues here.
What is wrong with Merlin? It's older but that could mean they have more features and ironed out more bugs.
> All in I'm well under $200 per month including database.

You forgot all the crucial numbers.. Like QPS.. My blog runs on 0 to 1 Cloud Run instances and costs < 3$ per month, including database
I would agree with you in a lot of cases, especially public administration but...

In Thibault's case, he has consciously and deliberately made it so that his political views do affect choices at all levels. A lot of it is quite direct. If you are "communist^," then you think differently about login, data retention. You make feature decisions differently. You also make hiring/expansion/strategy decisions differently.

Chess.com needs to worry about free-paid conversion rates, crippling features to differentiate subscription plans, analytics people/code to tie it all together. Those require code, infrastructure. They come with performance costs, technical debt. Thibault has explicitly identified these, and deliberately carved advantages out of them. What can you do with much less bloat.

Even just having more money has disadvantages, besides the obvious advantages. You now have teams and senior people responsible for analytics, commercial performance, an extensive (and restrictive) streamer sponsorship program. You have a bigger accounts dept. etc. Modern companies have a lot of bloat, and administrative analogues to technical debt.

That stuff inevitably leads to a difference in product, even if you had the exact same programers. Environments matter. Thibault is trying to win. I like it.

^I'm going to call this ideology "Thibault Communism" to keep it narrow.
> If you follow the news in China, you see elected officials promptly getting fired for messing up in their governance, some also get prosecuted if corruption is involved.

So was imperial China. They're the first in history to have some competence examinations for holding public offices. Makes them a competent monarchy/dictatorship not a democracy.

Edit: How do you define "messing up in their governance"? You trust the press articles published inside China? As in, inside the great firewall? Why do you think it's there?
> and they expect a decade or more of depression.

Kinda what the 30Y treasure yields are saying (if you believe in recession indicators)
Thank you, we really appreciate that.

FWIW, any disruptive consumer product has to be met with dichotomous love/hate reactions when it first comes out — it's never indifference / no one cares. So I'm loving what I see here: if this thread is any indication, we're definitely on to something.
Added to my playlist!

I love this song. It has had tremendous impact on me. It somehow just takes the pressure off, especially in moments where you are stressed, depressed, or anxious.
I joined lichess in Nov 2018 and have played 15,269 games. It'll be more by the time most people read this :p
I have noticed a change recently, 3-5 weeks ago. Quality is down.

This is good for me, I waste less time there, but I miss the good suggestions...
Actually I will forward all mails/CV received to him. (Not just the one of the orignal poster.)
I still wish there was some kind of middle ground between OpenGL and Vulkan though, as an aspiring indie dev who’s making a 3D game without using Unity/Unreal (The reason for this is that for my game I need at least tens of thousands of simulated AI agents, and conventional gameobject systems aren’t designed to do this performantly.)

The Metal API from Apple seems to be just the right abstraction for general graphics programming, though it sucks that you can only use it on Apple devices. Maybe SDL_gpu can take this role once it’s finished, but till then I’m toiling away with Vulkan… yeah it’s still better than OpenGL, but its usability can definitely be improved. Maybe I should have just gone to DirectX 11… since the drivers there are ridiculously optimized.
No need, that's a good vintage.
DynamoDB (and Mongo) is nice, right up until you need those relations. I haven’t found a document oriented database that gives me the consistency guarantees of a RDBMS yet.
Evidently she’s not the only option as there is another option, like you said.

Unless you’re espousing an opinion?
> But the CCP is not our government,

But there are Chinese dissidents and Tibet independentists in your country which are at risk, so it's OK if China spies on those because "they are not your government"?

https://edition.cnn.com/2016/04/13/opinions/j-michael-cole-o...
Try using YouTube without being logged in. I never log in to YouTube and am happy with the recs but people who log in are complaining bitterly in the last few months.
I don't see why that's relevant, a video camera is just another instrument that records data, not essentially different from the detectors at the LHC, albeit completely un-optimized - which is necessary for this experiment to work.
Well, look at it from an odds perspective. What are the odds it's just you two who are right when the whole world is wrong? What are the odds that it does more harm to try to reduce emissions to keep a measurable quantity of gas in the atmosphere stable rather than raising it? Could keeping the atmosphere stable do more harm than if we all just assume it'll be fine and carry on filling it up with combustion products?

If I were a betting man, I'd not be gambling that changing the atmosphere with more greenhouse gasses is going to give us the better outcome. Or that, even if we're wrong, changing cars to electric wouldn't still be a positive because you'll reduce lung cancer cases. I really don't get the angle here that everyone is nuts except you two.

Edit: I should add that it's okay to change opinion! I also feel that pressure to stay consistent with my opinions and beliefs (in various situations, and I'm sure there's a psychology word for it), but I'm trying to tell myself that's silly. New information leads to new insights, and that might mean voting opposite in booths or changing the requirements when you buy a new car or so.
If we want to use sports analogies we don't have to use Nike and Adidas as stand-ins, golf is undergoing this right now, between the PGA and LIV tournaments, and members with exclusivity clauses in their contracts.
Is it? You trade retrofit costs later for maintenance costs and feature development friction every day until scale is needed.
> YT on a clean slate is horrendous. Give it a few days and it becomes bearable. I’m mostly impressed.

This used to be the case, but starting a month or two ago I get lots of completely and utterly irrelevant recommendations for things like soccer, hip-hop, "vlog" twats, and other "popular" content that I have absolutely zero interest in and that I can guarantee are 100% unrelated to any of my previous history.

I also started getting a lot of "recommendations" for things I've ... already seen. That started a bit earlier, maybe about half a year ago.

So now it's about a third forced stupid stuff, about a third things I've already seen, and maybe a third that's useful. I've been flagging things as "not interested" quite aggressively in the hopes it would improve, but I've seen no difference. I think they just changed the way recommendations work to always fairly aggressively mix in "popular content". If I wanted to watch random mindless nonsense then I would turn on my TV: I use YouTube to avoid all of that.

YouTube is slowly turning into a Nutrimatic Drinks Dispenser; I think very soon it will start offering me a cup of liquid that is almost, but not quite, entirely unlike tea.
And more importantly, how can we as a community take advantage of this opportunity to promote / establish some open alternatives?
I agree on the principle: giving money to people whose personal development is hindered by poverty obviously allows them to overcome the hindrance.

However, this does not mean that giving money to people is going to make those people want to develop themselves and their surroundings, unless they are already in the process of doing so.
Apart from some very slow atom and particle simulations...

Is not most physics based on very extreme oversimplifications?

They are still very useful because errors average out, but for example: we don't know why fluid simulations work, in fact aerodynamics is an entire empirical field.

This was seen in F1 this year. All cars bouncing on straights, it was even given the name porpoising by the pilots. The teams never expected it, because the simulations never discovered anything about it.

Also: all the work of AlphaFold predicting protein structures.

Physics are awesome at predicting planetary motion, but stuff at smaller scales require a lot of empirical engineering to figure out.
An Unorganized Life
There's also "No Sex (In the Champagne Room)" https://youtu.be/j9yBPcn8IqU
It averages about 10 games a day over 30 year.

Takes roughly an hour on 3 0 controls. There are days when I play 20 and some days when I play none.

Is there a corelation between games played and rating? Probably some but you hit diminishing returns at some point. As Botvinnik said - blitz rots your brain.

Over the years I have noticed some rating inflation on online chess sites. My high on lichess is 2670 and 2620 on chess.com. On older services I never broke 2500 and my highest OTB rating as an FM was 2398.
I’m a fairly loyal customer of adafruit. I really like their stuff and I’m not ashamed to say I really like circuit python. So much of embedded work is writing drivers and circuit python has many many already written and ready to go.
Yes technically they are not fully preemptive in the sense that an os thread is (the os sends an interrupt which halts the processing at the CPU level), but in both go and elixir the programmer has no control over when the context switching happens, and "function calls" which are the yield boundaries happen all over the place, so it's "effectively preemptive".

Elixir is in practice more preemptive than go (last I checked with go) because you cannot infinitely loop and lock cpu in elixir -- a loop requires you to tail-call in elixir, so that's a yield boundary, and I'm certain that in earlier go that wasn't the case if you `while true {}`
Vulkan tries to avoid some performance pitfalls of OpenGL by requiring the application to be more explicit about what it's doing, and have the application take over responsibility for some aspects of resource management and synchronisation. This means that, if the application developers know what they're doing, they can use Vulkan to make better choices than the OpenGL driver would have made for them. Also, Vulkan skips all input validation at runtime, which reduces CPU overhead.

It's not actually “closer” to the hardware than OpenGL was though, it's just an attempt to define a more predictable abstraction. The underlying architecture of two Vulkan GPUs can be wildly different.
ahm, so, how exactly was ex-USSR ecologically worse than western countries, that were already producing en masse all sorts of single time use plastic unnecessary products, solely for the purpose of economic growth? Single time coca-cola bottles, plastic wrapping etc were not found in USSR. Yes, certain energy sectors were inefficient, and burning a lot of energy in vain, but still it seems to me that it was way less environmentally impactful than consumer society in the west. But that's just my personal armature opinion.
I hate headlines like this pieces's full one - omitted here on HN so far - which is "Why Intuitive Troubleshooting Has Stopped Working For You".

For me? Excuse me no, because I design systems to be supportable in production. Tsk.

"For some"? "For many"? Sure! But please don't annoy me before I even start reading with this kind of headline.
Infrastructure is a lot more permanent than ad hoc solutions.

Not having the knowledge or equipment for drilling water wells is a problem. Getting the knowledge and the equipment there is another. The result is not a dependency—rather, the alleviation of a dependency.
> By 1882, the Pennsylvania Railroad had become the largest railroad (by traffic and revenue), the largest transportation enterprise, and the largest corporation in the world. Its budget was second only to the U.S. government.

Now I understand why Pennsylvania Railroad is in the game Monopoly. I also see that it's always been an American thing to grow huge companies that are bigger than many countries.
I think I'll take a closer look at the Zenfone 9 today.

Thank you! Let me know what you think of it. :- )
> Teams not having the flexibility to evolve their own schemas because they have no idea who depends on them

This sounds like a problem of testing and organization to me, not a problem with single big databases.
They just increased the size of the checks they give in the last year IIRC.
“Leak of IP Address Via Google Fonts Prompts GDPR Fine”
https://www.cpomagazine.com/data-protection/leak-of-ip-addre...
While what you have made looks cool it seems like you are leaving out a lot of what is at the basis of many hard to maintain flaky e2e tests: a fundamental wrong approach to testing resulting in too many tests in the development process where they simply do not belong.

The [test automation pyramid](https://www.google.com/search?q=test+automation+pyramid&sxsr...) or even the [testing trophy](https://twitter.com/kentcdodds/status/960723172591992832) doe exist with very good reason.

The earlier you can write your tests the easier it is to break them up in the relevant individual functionality without tests being flaky. Now you can argue the merits of Unit tests, hence the testing trophy also being a thing. But the fact of the matter is that 90% of the time e2e tests are flaky because teams try to test things in them that shouldn't be tested at that level.

Having said that, the ability to inspect the DOM, network requests, etc at various places in history is a very neat ability.
> never go to Adelaide - it's a hole

It's funny because it's true.
> the political system would install someone so populist and devoid of substance in such a position of power

Unfortunately, the upper echelons of the Tory Party - and thus every candidate putting themselves forward to be PM - is filled with these vacuous puppets largely guided by the ERG[1] because they've somehow managed to capture the party, much like the Tea Party took over the GOP.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Research_Group
You should probably check your facts. All but the first one is false. They have engaged in genocide: see Native Americans; trail of tears. The USA is a republic, not a democracy.
Face Restoration
Show HN: View keyboard shortcuts in any Mac app
Europe car sales lowest since 1996 after 12-month decline