skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
UT1 is an angle, i.e. the longitude of the mean Sun projected on the Earth.

The mean Sun is a fictitious Sun with a motion that is averaged in comparison to the real Sun.

UTC is the UT1 angle rounded to a multiple of 1/21600 of a right angle, i.e. the angle corresponding to 1 second of time for something that completes a circle in 1 day.

Because of this rounding, actually a truncation, UT1 = UTC + dUT1, where dUT1 is between 0 and 1 "seconds".

Even if UT1, dUT1 and UTC are expressed in "seconds", these "seconds" are not the unit of time, but like I have said, such a "second" is 1/21600 of a right angle or pi/43200 radian.

Both UT1 and UTC are angles that approximate the longitude of the projection of the Sun on Earth, with various accuracies.

Because the rotation of the Earth, which causes most of the apparent motion of the Sun, is almost uniform, the angle of rotation is almost proportional with the time, so the angle UTC is almost proportional with the time, i.e. with TAI.

Because of the way how the "second" angle used for UT1/UTC is defined, the approximate proportionality becomes an approximate equality of TAI with UTC, but because the equality is only approximate, there is an increasing offset between them.

In the ancient times, the people did not care much about time, but only about the angle of the Sun, which determined when it was light or dark, hot or cold, enabling or preventing various activities.

In modern times with artificial lighting and heating and with many activities that proceed at predictable rates, time has become much more important than the angle of the Sun.

In any case, in all contexts we must be aware that the angle of the Sun and the time are not the same thing, even if they are almost proportional, i.e. almost equal after a change of the measurement unit.
I admire your attitude. I wish more people would stop letting corporate legal interests dictate their own choices.
Scientifically: probably

Politically: no
You're right on progression and Gewerbesteuer deduction. Nevertheless I pay tax rate "Höchststeuersatz" at 45%. Add "Solidarzuschlag" and you end up very close to 50%.
Ask HN: As a SWE, how do you plan out your work?
I am a junior engineer and I am curious to find the best methods for planning work. I find there are two big things to consider:

1. That you want to plan out your stories so you know what days to expect what done, that way you can know early if you are behind schedule or need assistance.

2. You want to plan out work so you don’t end up with a lot of “dead time” where you are waiting for approvals or other people to review. Ideally while waiting for a review, you would have another story of coding and work to do in the meantime, and when that’s hits review, the other is done.

I say I do this decently, but I struggle to find a method that I think maxes my output or does well in the face of work I have never seen before. It’s hard to plan for unknowns.
"John Ganz is a Stalinist, Marxist, Leninist, Trotskyist and Pol Potist. There’s really no better word for what he is. For some reason, people have a lot of trouble grasping this or just coming out and saying it."

"Where does John Ganz speak from?" (Also a famous Marxist strategy to disqualify the opponent.)

Does this open a debate or disqualify and vilify the author?

Why is attacking the person instead of his ideas getting the norm? Lake of arguments? Standardization of activism? Bolsheviks' tactics (Make them swallow the word, they will swallow the thing.)?
Because people might throw a lot of weird things at my class and I want to make sure that no invalid values are set on those properties. I might use the property or class member later on. Let's assume my app uses stock prices and because of some issue, the price for a given equity comes through as Null. And then I don't want someone to be able to do Share.Price = API.Price.

I might want to have a method called SetPrice(APIPrice price) and there I do a check to see if it's a valid value as far as my code is concerned. I had a situation like this handling pricing information taken from a variety of indices but I want a calculation to still work out to something usable. Also, most business users don't understand what NULL * 3.5 would mean, but they would understand 0.0 * 3.5.

That's the main one off the top of my head.
This is the answer.

Humans want noon to be when the sun is overhead, and midnight to be the middle of the night. Almost nobody cares about sub-second accuracy or monotonic time. Track it that way internally if you like, but humans want time to correlate to what they see out the window.
Don't Forget to Sharpen Your Axe
Ah yes, Iran, where its citizens can just freely talk online about their government.
The parent complained about not being able to feel the volume knob, but it's just a roller ball on the steering wheel.

The Tesla does have a touch screen, but you don't need them to change the volume, the cruise control follow distance, play a new song, pause a song, make a phone call, use voice nav, manually overwrite the wipers (wipe now), etc.
This is actually very important. Learning how to live with yourself, your thoughts, and to cultivate contentment in the presence of (sometimes deep) boredom is hugely important.

Boredom is absolutely central to motivation and imagination. Our culture generally treats it as something to be avoided at all costs. And modern tech companies mine your attention for clicks and $$, they don't care about you, and they foster a world that's antithetical to quiet alone (boring) time.

Seeing your actions (watching Seinfeld, playing games) in the context of your motivation system is valuable. Andrew Huberman talks a lot about this, and ways to bootstrap getting out of a motivation hole (like it sounds the OP is in).
The Unix philosophy is to do one thing and do it well. The ssh command wraps the large and complicated ssh protocol - I would say it does one complicated job and does it well.
Here is the link to the (heavily redacted) report from Rogers to the CRTC: https://crtc.gc.ca/public/otf/2022/c12_202203868/4215445.doc...
Marketing is a broad term. I hate ads but welcome good marketing that is not based on tracking or brainwashing me.

What I am saying is that PR works better for people like me. Unless a company has a groundbreaking product I never knew I needed, chances are I will read or watch a video about it.

Even respectful sponsored content is better than ads
80 million social security numbers stolen, and $350M settlement, puts the value of average SSN at ~$4.50.
I highly suspect, based on facts about Volvo and the structure of that sentence, that they didn't mean to write "not owned", but rather "now owned."
Yeah, truffle oils are the vanilla extracts to whole vanilla beans. Surprisingly close. But noticeably far from the real thing.
> Additionally, remove all zoning laws. The free market will handle zoning.

Woah there, let's not throw the baby out with the bath water!

Zoning laws in the US seem very broken, but they are much more sensible in much of the world.

A free-for-all seems like a bad idea - would you really want to live next door to a knackers yard, an abattoir, a tannery, a coal power plant, a chemical plant, a fish processing factory etc, a rubbish dump, a night club?
Everyone wants to be associated with success.

You can't sustainably market a product users don't find valuable.

Based on the above two, people would rather focus on pattern copy / incremental improvements vs big risks.

Sometimes, something IS extremely valuable that breaks existing patterns.

It's important that marketing is bought into why it's breaking the existing patterns. If they are, they will market it.

To your Nintendo example, I don't know anything about how they work. But you may be surprised that seemingly-disparate games may actually fit a known success pattern internally. They know their audience and what they value, and new XYZ game fits that pattern.
In general you can't answer these questions by reading the call site. You have no idea what kinds of intermediate functions are implied by f(x). Maybe f() doesn't take an X at all, maybe it takes a Y and there's an implicit Y::Y(const X&) hanging around, or perhaps there is an X::operator Y(). You can only understand f(x) by reading the definitions of f, its argument type, and X.
Evidently, people would rather spend their efforts competing for Bay Area and other popular regions than risk going to a cheaper area.
Fuel production is much cheaper for EVs, what are you talking about?

The batteries last longer than the 150,000km these studies assume. My 2013 Model S is at 209,000 kilometers and going strong with little (10% or less) range reduction.

I looked at the study a bit, and they use Model S-sized battery size and efficiency assumptions (about 3mi/kWh) to compare to a Camry. More appropriate would be Model 3 assumptions (4mi/kWh). The emissions factors are from a white paper 5 years ago, itself using older data. They assume 525grams of CO2 per kWh for the reference case going down to 345 in 2050, but the US already has emissions of about 375gramsCO2/kWh and falling. Just terrible assumptions. A bunch of stuff like that in the study.

And it compounds! A factor of 1.33 bigger battery (3mi/kWh instead of 4mi/kWh) whose manufacturing emissions are 1.41 times as high (525grams of CO2 per kWh vs 372, if we optimistically assume electricity is the main energy input but pessimistically assume the energy needed to make a kWh of capacity remains the same) means a factor of 1.9 exaggeration in manufacturing emissions. Plus the operating emissions per mile are also exaggerated by a factor of 1.9…

Finally: Batteries in modern EVs last the life of the vehicle. 500,000km or so. Potentially longer with LFP cells.
People use "upper middle" to mean different things. Some use it to mean the upper portion of the middle class, by income. Others use it to mean a distinct (and much smaller) class between the middle and upper, with distinct tendencies and preferences, comprising people who live something close to a "rich" lifestyle but are distinguished from the actually-rich by having to work to maintain it, rather than being able to live a very nice life off investment income alone. Doctors, lawyers, other very-well-paid white-collar types, constituting perhaps a single-digit percentage of the population. I'm not sure which, if any, definition has a credible claim to being, in some sense, most-correct.
Perhaps you worked with Java/C++ programmers using Python.
How to Resolve These Five Problems of Struggling Software Engineers
Mazdas are still rustbuckets today.
> feedstock that's been literally pulverized, etc.

Even if hypothetical rogue bacteria can't dissolve plastic parts to goo or cause structural damage, or there's still potential harm in the form of surface changes. Discoloration, flaking, etc.

Imagine a product nobody wants to buy because it looks damaged, or a medical device that can't be as easily/thoroughly sterilized anymore.
And it's just a rehash of one person's telling of the story, the original for which can be found here (scroll past about three other papers, or search "communicate new scientific"):

https://bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.11...

To the article's credit, it does have that link in it, I just dug it out.
Manager One-on-Ones
Dispirited homebuyers show Fed’s fight against inflation is beginning to succeed
> Some states have rule to report COVID death like this

The claim was specifically about CDC reporting rules, not the rules of how individual states report statistics themselves (which the CDC has no control over).
I like knowing what they are teaching my kids. I also like knowing when they are marked absent from school … in case I was not aware of their absence.
Toyota has had a serious problem with truck frames rusting.

https://www.autoblog.com/2016/11/14/toyota-3-billion-settlem...
Himalaya App Dev Bootcamp (giving away free spots)
Ah, that could be, thank you for pointing that out. That would make a lot more sense. But then I still don't understand the comment. Volvo is now Chinese, whether you like it or not is another matter.
So everybody smartened up and now things are much better, to the point that there hardly are cars made that have serious rust issues.

I find this entertaining. Come to upstate NY, USA where we liberally salt our roads in the winter. Definitely not "everybody" smartened up as it's still very common to find vehicles here that after 10 years should be declared unsafe to operate due to rust-through of critical structural components.
He's just the guy I heard say it. Unfortunately, John Rockefeller's estate and HBS don't put as much effort into marketing to startuppy-minded millenials in software like myself.

Not trying to endorse Peter Thiel's opinions or those of or anyone else in that mileau. I'm saying the folks funding all the tech companies have been using this playbook for decades.
Also massive environmental impact. We really should start thinking of banning some of them to combat climate change.
This discussion of free speech makes one of the most common mistakes people make on this topic: It conflates not supporting speech with stifling speech.

This actually turns the idea of free speech on its head: If your actions (which should be considered speech) are forced to support others' speech, then that's not free speech. That's forced speech. Most individuals, and non-government funded institutions, should be free to choose which speech they actively support, and which speech they simply ignore.

Too often, proponents of free speech are actually promoting forced speech. They claim that not actively distributing, repeating, or hosting certain speech "suppresses" that speech, when, in fact, the lack of support is simply just that -- a lack of support. To force the support/disemmination of speech is antithetical to free speech.
There is that minor issue that we don't have nearly the same experience and resources as the scientists who say what they say. Are you implying we all becom biologists and figure out the source of Alzheimer's ourselves? As some point you have to trust people and choose someone.
The usual explanation is that locking down the NES was to avoid the issues that caused the massive collapse of the home video game market starting in 1983 and ending with the NES [1].

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_crash_of_1983
My exact first thought as well, which I will readily admit comes mostly from my bottomless contempt for the company and its employees. The thing that really needs to be left in the past is Facebook.
> if I were to merely discuss --as in, not advocate for, but merely discuss as a concept -- reparations, I'd immediately be dismissed and generally forever known as the angry black guy.

So people would dismiss you? Did they do anything else?

Did they try to get you punished? Did they try to get you kicked out of school? Did they try to shout you down or pull fire alarms to prevent others from hearing what you had to say? Did they physically attack you?
Why does it "feel" like that? What is known about the sources of the data collected so far?
Might be before many people's memory here, but Swatch tried to create an "internet time" in the late 1990s. Nobody uses it because it doesn't solve any problems anybody has, it's just different.
So their complaint is that one-second skews happen infrequently enough that they are always a headache, and we want to "solve" the problem by... Replacing it with a less frequent time modification that introduces larger delta?

I've been on the front lines of adapting code for a novel timezone change. It wasn't pretty.
My understanding is that due to Webb's location at L2, it can never point back at the Earth, because that would basically be pointing directly at the sun.
Looking back at two years at Automattic and Tumblr
Yeah I think they'll be building LUVOIR with the tooling and software designed for the Webb, but much larger so it fits into Starship/SLS and for a wider range of wavelengths.
> to things the PM assumes we're going to need in the future

I'm curious - do you know the PM is just assuming these things will be needed, or are you assuming they're assuming? PMs often (necessarily) have a much broader view of the customer base and the future needs of the product than a dev team, and this can lead to some tension if those future needs aren't articulated well.

Two things to came to mind when I read your question:

1. My understanding of YAGNI has always been developer-focused, i.e. don't implement features no one asked for until they're needed. YAGNI discussions I've had are more focused on architecture and the abstractions chosen for an implementation. Implementation details the PM needn't worry about.

2. One could argue that a PM asking for that feature is when it crosses into the "needed" category, assuming they're doing their job correctly. In other words, the fact that a PM is asking makes me question whether the principle of YAGNI actually applies at all (based on a definition of YAGNI that involves implementing things no one asked for "just in case").

It's the PM's job to help the dev team understand why it's needed though, and the root cause here could just be that they're not communicating well. Unless you're also working with customers and taking their direct feedback on feature needs, you can't just "YAGNI" a requirement you don't agree with.

As a former full stack dev who turned to product management later in my career, I've had to convince my dev teams many times that a feature is needed, and customer feedback and subsequent adoption data proved that it was indeed the right choice.

But I always went to bat based on well articulated use cases and problems my customers had been begging us to solve. It's possible your PM hasn't done the research, but only after understanding where the requirement originally came from could you have a real discussion about YAGNI.

> we've been trying to reinforce that we need specific user stories that explain the exact need, and it's just not working.

The #1 priority should be focusing on the customer's problem, not the feature itself. I've often found the XY Problem [0] a helpful tool when trying to get people focused on the right things, and "Fall in love with the problem, not the solution" also comes to mind.

Asking for a specific solution with no mention of the problem is often the big issue, and a hyper focus on articulating the problem itself can go a long way in navigating these conversations. If your PM isn't doing this already, that is a big issue. But trying to convince them of YAGNI won't help if they have other reasons to believe it actually is needed.

- [0] https://xyproblem.info/

Editing to add: This also depends very much on the stage of the product. If you're still not at MVP, you should focus on defining what MVP looks like, and a lot of things might just clear up. If the product has existed in the market for some time, focus on validating the user problems that are leading to these requirements.
One of the first, if not the first mantras learned by aspiring doctors (and, most likely, others in the medical profession) is First of all, do no harm. This sounds like a simple and logical rule but implementing it is not as straightforward as it may seem. Does sterilising a man or woman who has a 25% chance of later in life wanting this procedure reversed [1] - which, in contrast to what is commonly thought is not easily reversible if at all - do harm to this person or not? For the ~60% who will not come to regret their decision it clearly does not but those who come to regret their decision will have to come to terms with their self-induced infertility.

Unsurprisingly the younger a woman gets sterilised, the bigger the chance that she will come to regret it later in life [2]: Study results showed that the younger women were at the time of sterilization, the more likely they were to report regretting that decision. Women undergoing sterilization at the age 30 years or younger were about twice as likely as those over 30 to express regret. They were also from 3.5 to 18 times as likely to request information about reversing the procedure and about 8 times as likely to actually undergo reversal or an evaluation for IVF. Results of studies that examined risk by continuous age showed a consistent inverse relationship between women's age at sterilization and their likelihood of regretting having had the procedure.

Given these facts it would be surprising if young people did not face resistance when requesting sterilisation.

[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6203343/

[2] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16413851/
> I think this stop being true in 1945.

Huh? Russia (nee the Soviet Union) and the US are neighbors, if you've forgotten. They had a big ideological rivalry that started to get intense around that time.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bering_Strait
Remote work has made me even more introverted than before and I'm actively searching for an in-office gig to help me muster the motivation to shower and dress. Perhaps you can relate.

Finding the right career path is hard and sucks but it is preferable to be doing this now as opposed to your 40's so count yourself somewhat lucky. There's always software development (an option most don't have).

When I feel uninspired by a song I'm writing, I shelve it and spend that time on one that does inspire me. I'll come back to it if the mood strikes me but never feel obliged. Maybe the side-project is like that.
He chose to bolt himself onto the Facebook monster, so he loses all respect from me for that. You can be the smartest person in the world and still do stupid and harmful things.

The world would be better if he did nothing, rather than making the Oculus platform more competitive. I think I'd rather see VR struggle to survive than Facebook have a de-facto stranglehold on the ecosystem.
Someone has to propose it first. Just shooting them for that seems bad.

I agree that we don't just need to do something because fb wants to do it, but it might actually be worth having a discussion over.
I worked for a law firm in the late 80s - early 90s that used a Wang VS system for data and word processing, before and until just after we installed a Novell LAN. My boss programmed the system using a language called SPEED-2, which I never managed to learn. We had a number of highly non-PC compatible Wang PCs for a time, and eventually started installing Wang terminal cards in standard PCs to link to the main system.

My major memory of that time was doing backups with huge, multi-platter removable disk packs. Incrementals at noon every day, fulls one Sunday a month, and managing the offsite storage...such a pain.
People also want to compete with each other. Very high cost of living areas inevitable due to biology.
Why do you write functions?

Should the implementation of a module not be able to utilize functions internally?
scienceclic also comes in an english edition. hands down the best visualization of general relativity I've seen.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wrwgIjBUYVc
But the 45 % is only paid for income above 277 T€ (or twice that much if you're married)? I mean, it's a lot but if you alone are in that tax bracket you should be able to afford housing in Germany and Berlin, that puts you somewhere in the top 0.5 % of all families, not even accounting for your partners income.
It is more straight forward for them to identify regular students (through their student ids or institutions).
> General-purpose computing is just too economically valuable to be gotten rid of.

It's already gone.

If you don't believe me, just try and read all the files on your very own {android, iphone} device (without desoldering chips) and see what happens.
The language is not relevant to the question.

Making variables and methods private means making them inaccessible outside the class and I gave the typical reasons/best practices for that.