skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
As someone who has done this professionally across multiple sectors (built environment, software, public-policy) for all types of projects and outputs both of the most concrete and most abstract, I usually cringe at a lot of "estimation" articles and discussion. This however I found to be a solid intro because it focuses on the most important thing, the answer is irrelevant or incorrect unless both parties truly know and understand "why" they need to know.

The secret to estimating for scheduling is you only really need to answer this for the critical path. The hard part is defining and uncovering what the critical path actually is, and rarely is that ever achieved in projects or programs with the necessary accuracy or reflective of reality. This is why the critical-path is often seen as a myth, and perhaps it is, but like most myths it has an important message. There will be a subset of the project that requires a priority of focus to ensure success (in time, cost, or value delivered)

Assuming a narrow range of effort but a desire to be complete as soon as possible (because money costs money), luckily, most of the time you don't need to define the critical path exactly, to do so would be nigh impossible anyway, you only need to define it to a comfortable level of abstraction which is as free from external dependencies as possible, because, as humans we are flexible; sometimes the details change and we can accommodate that on an individual basis. The sticking point is the complexity of involving many people, or skills, or processes, or settings, or conditions. At some points this will work for you, and at others against you, something else will vy for criticality and you must then understand it.
building a fission reactor takes one or two decades
and its kWh is costlier than alternatives

It didn't and doesn't need to be that way. Obviously we need strong regulatory oversight over nuclear power, but a big part of the cost is the need to satisfy incredibly hostile regulations imposed by politicians who are (a) pandering to public fear (b) heavily influence by the fossil fuel industry.

Also, talking about kWh cost in the short term is... missing a large portion of the point. Burning fossil fuels is only "cheap" if all the long term damage is ignored. Let's talk about how cheap it is once we start truly paying the price for climate change to the tune of billions of lives and many quadrillions of dollars.
Exactly, if you build a coal power plant today, the LCOE is calculated assuming the facility will run, let's say, for 30 years at 80% capacity.

But what happens if you have to stop your power plant in ten years because its (LCOE-estimated) cost is not competitive anymore?

So based on an biased LCOE computation, you sold your coal-based kWh at a third of it's real cost. Bad for the investor, bad for the climate.
Not sure why you're being down-voted, easy solutions with numerous problems are generally inferior to more elegant solutions with fewer problems, could you enumerate what these issues are between Helion and DT reactors?
You would think that much force would lead to broken actuators and chess pieces often enough during development that someone would land on the idea of setting an upper limit on all forces just to save money.
The author hasn't neglected to consider light cones – she literally describes them in her post, as evinced by her mentioning 45 deg lines on a spacetime diagram, causally connected/disconnected events, etc.

Of course you have described a perfectly good way of thinking about the past/future (and to your credit, she surely should've included what you described). But in her defense, what you have described is also the most obvious explanation consistent with special relativity – the "past" and "future" outside one's line cone cannot be objectively defined, as you could always (hypothetically) boost to another frame in which the disconnected past becomes the disconnected future (and vice versa). Undoubtedly the author is aware of this fact, so I assume the purpose of this blog post was simply to motivate other hypotheses about the nature of time.
Maybe the solution is to start a buying club to purchase and return these books until the sellers give up. 100 people buy and return the book would solve the problem because Amazon is unwilling to solve the problem as long as they make money at it.
Can confirm. I bought a charging cable allegedly "sold by Amazon" and I got a reboxed broken item with a customs stamp signifying it had once been imported into Brazil. Quite a world traveler!
Uhh, thing is, that’s been going on for the better part of two years now
That too could be interesting data for some.
An Uber Deep-Dive (2020)
That seems fine -- it's a tradeoff between speed and compression ratio, which has existed ever since compression went beyond RLE.

Zstd competes against Snappy and LZ4 in the market of transmission-time compression. You use it for things like RPC sessions, where the data is being created on-the-fly, compressed for bandwidth savings, then decompressed+parsed on the other side. And in this domain, Zstd is pretty clearly the stand-out winner.

When it comes to archival, the wall-clock performance is less important. Doubling the compress/decompress time for a 5% improvement in compression ratio is an attractive option, and high-compression XZ is in many cases faster than high-compression Zstd even delivering better ratios.

---

EDIT for parent post adding numbers: I spot-tested running zstd with `-22 --ultra` on files in my archive of source tarballs, and wasn't able to find cases where it outperformed `xz -9`.
Why would anyone show up if they knew that no one will show up?
> to solve

Just to be intrigued - see https://wikenigma.org.uk/curators_rationale

But also to raise awareness on the complementary part of the achievements in research. Nonetheless, in this regard it should be a much more structured effort than a "bedside booklet".
Does the place you shop not sell fresh bread? In European supermarkets that’s the norm. Anything branded (i.e. shelf stable and sold in a plastic bag) is to be treated with suspicion.
Unlike a car, which comes for free with your birth certificate, as well as a voucher for lifelong supply with gas. And don't forget about all the highways that get built for free!

I don't immediately see how one would be more or less expensive than the other.
> I just need to know that in 20 years I'll be able to decompress my files

The way the author was talking I wouldn't be sure that's even true, if the authors are mucking about with the container format and xz makes some non-compatible breaking change, you may not even know you can't open old xz files with the new version (it reads versions based upon heuristics rather than a version number, IIRC from the article).
At least in my region (central Europe) cloud cover is closely correlated with temperature. As in - when clouds and rain come during summer it gets colder as well.

I may be wrong here, no scientific data behind this.
Yes, and if that work was done on the moon, the nail wouldn't be the only thing that was hot.
Please could you explain how the numbers from the Xerces society were misinterpreted?
My favorite Sci-Fi about this: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/823062.The_Light_of_Othe...
>Honestly, I don't understand why we can't do both.

Because we're been doing neither for 40 years.
> This just screams negligence to me.

This is very much a default mode for ex-USSR countries, especially russia. While russian bureocracy is extremely procedural, it has nothing to do with efficiency or safety (most of the regulations and laws in post-soviet countries are written not to increase safety or utility for population, but for controlling power and money flows and benefeting someone on the top).
Happy Ford is using more environmentally friendly Iron based LFP batteries. Cobalt in more traditional batteries is neurotoxic for humans and the mining of Cobalt is dirty. Very good that a large car manufacturer such as Ford is switching to Iron LFP. You should be able to fast charge LFP which will compensate for the lesser energy density. Since lfp is more stable they should be able to take the charging better than cobalt-based chemistries. Also Iron lfp is a more stable chemistry than cobalt-based so far less likely for battery fires.
LZO has been around since the 90's. There are multiple distros which use it (as an option) for archive downloads. It was the recommended algorithm to use for btrfs compressed volumes for years. It's pretty standard, about as common as .bz2 in my experience.
And how is it better when those assholes kill tens of thousands with coal every year instead?

If we lynched a few of them every time a nuclear reactor blew up we'd have a lot fewer energy related deaths and the market would eventually self correct.
it sucks though. it could be good but nobody cares
That probably wouldn't even be illegal knowing the state of regulatory capture in this country
Are you recommending zstd based on compression speed and ratio only? Because as the linked article explains, those are not the only criteria. How does zstd rate with everything else?
Not to contradict you at all, but worth noting that those fruits probably are extremely sweet, having been selectively bred precisely to compete with the sweetness of other foods people regularly consume. Something of a sugar arms race.
I am afraid we can only have one of those attributes.

While I accept that those two things (safe fission power, and cheap fission power) are in obvious tension with each other, your "choose only one" scenario is a false dichotomy.

A well-functioning, technologically advanced, and motivated country could easily overcome this. Standardized reactor designs, simplified reactor designs such as the newer molten salt reactor designs, etc.

We have the technology to do this safely and cheaper than we're doing it now; we just don't have the will.

Also, any talk of cost must include not only the short-term kWh cost, but the long term cost -- ie, the terrible cost of climate change that we'll soon be paying.

And figuring out how to build cheap nuclear
in the West is actually a pretty complex thing

Yeah, no arguments there. The US is no longer capable of tackling long term initiatives like this, because any change will necessarily upset the corporations that effectively own the government.

Nothing will change until the ice caps melt and half our coastal cities are flooded, and at that point something might happen but probably not anything good.
I think you should start by reading Progress and Poverty - here is a short review: https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/your-book-review-progr...

The land with the highest value is city land. Most of city land and the buildings on that land are private property so they cannot be auctioned “every year”.

Singapore and Taiwan lease blocks of state-owned land for (high-rise) residence buildings for a duration of 99 years. This land is auctioned to developers, who then build houses and high rises, then sell them to individuals. The land lease ends after 99 years, so the land can be reused. This obviously does not capture the increase in the value of land over 99 years, but the value of land at the time of the sale.

So both states have taxes on land - a property tax in Singapore and a tax on the increment in the value of land in Taiwan, showing that it’s feasible to estimate the value of land and tax that (value of land = total value - value of improvements).
The fact that you think Deadspin in particular was all about snark basically certifies to me that you have no idea what you're talking about.
Proton is fueling this growth more than Steam Deck I would think. I know, it's a double edged sword, but still.
> Lest we forget, the Chernobyl Absolute Exclusion Zone is 1,000 square miles 35 years later.

Ah yes, the Soviet reactor that was built with a known fatal design flaw, then operated well outside of safety parameters during an experiment, is the be-all end-all of nuclear safety.
I mean, sure, you got an instant refund... But, do you find it OK that you got an empty box shipped instead of an SSD? To me that is unacceptable.
Yes, SportsCenter's ratings are down because they try to emulate Deadspin. No other colluding factors in there, no, not at all! It's because they're all social justice-y and trying to tell me I can't shoot me guns!
Interview with Hermann Hauser, Founder of Arm
> No proliferation risk at all in a tritium fountain full of 14 MeV neutrons? Are you sure you know what you're talking about?

If you're putting hunks of uranium inside a fusion pressure vessel it'd be really obvious. Tritium itself doesn't have proliferation risk.

> These will all be guarded with pseudo military guns guards and gates just like fission, and monitored by the IAEA.

No they won't. Because even if you crash a truck into them there's no ecological disaster.

> As for radiological safety, see point about tritium. And google tritium leak nuclear plant for good measure.

The tritium stored in the reactor will be in the microgram range.

> Youre right that there is less radioactivity in fusion plants, but maybe not enough less to really matter.

It's several orders of magnitude less. I think that matters quite a bit.
I think how you take notes is important than now many books you read
Not everyone. Linux gaming on Steam is on a steady rise.
This sounds very interesting, thank you for sharing. Could you recommend any resources to learn about these three regions, ideally for someone without formal physics training?
Our dog (a 15 pound/7kg Pomeranian) got pancreatitis and almost died from being fed a bite of cheese every few days—less than the size of an almond.
Tritium leaks are indeed public relations problems, if done in the very small quantities that would be in a fusion reactor.
Someone wrote move_arm_down() in its source.
I'm pretty sure it's said in the Bible that heavenly bodies will be different (perfect) and memories will be wiped.
"AI" can do this for cheaper because it the model is built based on databases of stolen material. did they get any permission from all the people involved in creating the reference photos?
groff can do all of the above. The big issue is finding the documentation for it.
Conversational Commerce in Southeast Asia: basics, dynamics, and opportunities
That's a cost to the DoD. The point was that government can easily subsidize nuclear waste storage, just as it subsidizes the military.
Furthermore it’s the only very popular app I know of to do that
This seems like the old lumpers vs splitters issue:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumpers_and_splitters

There's definitely something different in Berlin vs New York culture, and me, a person that sees commonalities everywhere, i.e. a lumper, definitely sees a common/dominant culture in each of these places.

On the other side you have splitters that always find a reason to differentiate more.

There's no right and wrong on this discussion, it's subjective in essence, you can always lump or split by your own rules. That is a classification problem.

Darwin talked about it at length, because he was annoyed by splitters denying any kind of classification, making it really hard to make a taxonomy.

If you split too much, every human is an individual, you can't say anything about anything anymore.

If you lump too much, all humans are the same, you can't say anything about anything either.

The sweet spot is somewhere in between, where you can speak about Moscow, vs Berlin, vs New York culture. Because there's definitely something different about these places. And neither say they're all the same, or that you have to look at each individual before making a judgment.

But most people can't agree where exactly this sweet spot is.
EM_88K is already defined as 5.
I would be very surprised of there is consensus in nutrition science about anything as absolute as avoiding all added sugar.
this argument is like saying you kill 100,000 people, fine. that's generally hurting a lot of people but no individual person, so no ethical problems m8
> Cannot believe they tried to blame it on the child.

Whut. What makes you think anyone did?
As a creative person, creativity is over rated. But dont let me speak for everyone.

It is a straight line in a higher dimensional space. We vibe with the space, or it chooses us by prior experience. Creativity is in some aspect, in the eye of the beholder. I think the creativity we see in ML models is not unlike the creativity we prescribe to humans.

Interpolation is the right word and the right concept and metaphor. A mixing between two concepts to create a path between the two.
Modern Text Indexing in Go
So now we are getting into albedo and black body radiation, but the short answer is that you cannot radiate heat out from earth (or any body) into the vacuum faster than it radiates out by itself.

An air conditioner performs the work of moving heat from one place into another. There's a reason your compressor is outside, that's because if it were inside the heat pump wouldn't work. You're expending energy to move heat generating more heat, you'd just heat up your house. The compressor wouldn't work outside if the heat wasn't convected or conducted off the radiator into the air, there has to be a temperature differential between the ambient environment and the radiator.

With the earth, there's nowhere to pump the heat to, there's only vacuum. You'd have to convert the heat to something else like light, radiate it out, expend energy to do it, and in the process generate more waste what from that energy that will then radiate out at the natural pace. At best in this process, you'd break even and just be really expending energy beaming light out into space and accomplish nothing with regard to the heat you're trying to move.
I also don't want to annoy random people I meet with questions about their disabilities.

You obviously need to be tactful about it, but if you're genuine and willing to listen to people about the problems they face and you're in a position to solve them, in even just a tiny way, they won't be annoyed. Totally the opposite in fact.

People assuming things like "they'll be annoyed to talk about the problems they face" is really another form of discrimination. It's so much better not to make assumptions about people and let them decide if they'll help you or not.
They are busy actually doing public health. I do not envy them it. They spend their lives trying to save others', and get shat on for it.
Go on Amazon UK and search for books by "Anett Muller", no umlaut. A couple of dozen listings, everything shipped and sold by Amazon, everything an obvious fake. I reported the listings when they appeared, almost a year ago, and Amazon did nothing.

Judging by how a dozen titles were dumped onto the store on a single day, and the highly specific yet disparate subject matter there are probably thousands of 'authors' like this. Some have hundreds of five-star reviews. In a few minutes I I identified a whole bunch of them: "Chillout Note Books", "Kim Karandash", "Steve Oneli", "Karolina Mendez", "Kai Halson", "TKH Team Publisher", "Dwayn Clarkes", "FỌRT-NITE Coloring"

Some look like they're using homoglyph attacks to evade detection, which is pretty sad given how trivial that should be to bypass. Given how many obvious fakes I could find in a short time with no special tools, it's also probable that there's even more less-obvious fakes out there.

So yeah, "sold and shipped by Amazon" is essentially meaningless as a badge of authenticity.
Guarantee you that over 50% of people who visit this site turn away in frustration, and over 90%+ of the people who aren't computer scientists on Hacker News lol. Yep this is a beautifully-functional tool but the UX is ridick! Also - Select your city by dragging through the map? Weird chart with blue boxes result one has no idea how to read without digging for further instructions?
Well I do have a "clue." Fatality rates for walking are imperfect but some studies have put them around ~37/billion kilometers walked [0]. For Ski lifts, it is 0.93 per billion kilometers. That's over an order magnitude worse for walking.

Now most people don't walk on mountains, so it's not a direct comparison. Walking on sidewalk is often a well paved, but with the risk of cars. Cars usually aren't on mountains, but on the other hand the conditions are oft very inclined with ice/snow, with difficult walking that can lend towards inducing casualties. My educated guess are these tradeoffs aren't enough to overcome the order of magnitude higher rate found in walking vs ski lift in our imperfect comparison across studies.

The honest answer is the word "probably" was used to denote the evidence points my mind in that direction, in a way that appears reasonable at least to me and probably many readers here. But if I want to use the bad faith accusatory tone you've presented, then I'd just say I said it to annoy persons such as yourself for my personal amusement.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221414051....
For classics, Standard eBooks is pretty good (and free): https://standardebooks.org/
I'll check it. Thanks for the recommendation.
I think there's a high probability of AGI within a century. Surveys show most experts share that opinion. It's hard to know the probability that the AI will be misaligned - but currently we have no idea how to align it. It's also hard to say how likely a misaligned AI would be to cause extinction. However, we have no reason to think that either of those things are unlikely.
It doesn’t even need to be that complicated. The moving pieces can move between other pieces.

For example: https://youtu.be/JhoLEbUOYlk
Archival formats have always been of interest to me, given the very practical need to store a large amount of backups across any number of storage mediums - documents, pictures, music, sometimes particularly good movies, even the occasional software or game installer.

Right now, I've personally settled on using the 7z format: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7z

The decompression speeds feel good, the compression ratios also seem better than ZIP and somehow it still feels like a widely supported format, with the 7-Zip program in particular being nice to use: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7-Zip

Of course, various archivers on *nix systems also seem to support it, so so far everything feels good. Though of course having the chance of an archive getting corrupt and no longer being properly able to decompress it and read all of those files, versus just using the filesystem and having something like that perhaps occur to a single file still sometimes bothers me.

Then again, on a certain level, I guess nothing is permanent and at least it's possible to occasionally test the archives for any errors and look into restoring them from backups, should something like that ever occur. Might just have to automate those tests, though.

Yet, for the most part, going with an exceedingly boring option like that seems like a good idea, though the space could definitely use more projects and new algorithms for even better compression ratios, so at the very least it's nice to see attempts to do so!
Have you forgotten about a program called “the news” over the past six months?
If a hardware wallet is capable of communicating with the outside world (which is necessary for actually creating transactions), then "air gapped" seems like it'd be inaccurate, no?
So why don’t they unban him without the need to delete the tweet?
Fine your immune system doesn't need to exist either.
"moved a piece on the chessboard earlier than he should"?