skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
A cool use of the Lightning network is the podcast 2.0 initative. Currently, as I listen to podcasts, I stream back satoshis (sats), value for value (I use Castamatic on iOS, fountain.fm is also an option on Android). You can also send messages with sats attached, called “boosts”. Creators can transparantly split the sats they receive over various goals (i.e. FOSS projects [opensats], or guests on shows). There are no transaction fees afaik, that is just when your lightning node syncs with the main blockchain, and then you can bundle a lot of transactions.

I find this a very healthy counter movement to the current centralization that is going on in Podcasting where indie creators are being sucked into Spotify and YouTube (and sometimes are being censored there).

The podcast 2.0 movement is not all about value for value, there are also cool features like artwork per chapter, sharing of snippets, a way to specify different formats (like opus) for the same podcast/episode, and many more modern things. It’s a cool community and if you ask me, the first really useful thing to come out of “blockchain”.

Edit: Yeah I want to add some references but my company uses Cisco Umbrella and some things are blocked. Moreover, I can see it also MITMs my own websites (like my NextCloud instance), because those are not my certs!... But I digress.
https://github.com/lifting-bits/remill is linked from there, which I guess is where you get your bitcode from.
I wish emacs would implement kitchen-sink support already.
There are simply lacking of such strong requirements in language standards. C/C++ even have the specific "linkage" concept to abstract the binary details under the source form away. And you may know, many libraries are distributed by binaries.

The standards implying binary compatibility rules are about ABI (application binary interface), which usually depend on the ISA (instruction-set architecture) or the OS (if any) being used. You cannot have the unique one once there are multiple ISAs/OSes supported. Even when you only want to rely on some external "exchanging" representations not tied to specific ISAs, there are already plenty of candidates: CLI, JVM, WebAssembly... Plus there are more than one executable (and mostly, runtime loadable) image formats widely used (PE/COFF, ELF, Mach-O ...). You will not have the unique combination, and any attempts to ensure it "work across compilers" in that way will likely finally just add a new instance not fully compatible to existing ones, making it more fragile.
Ask HN: Encouraging generic drug makers to produce off-patent rare-disease drugs
Hi HN,

There is a medication for a rare disease, which typically costs more than 6 figures, that I know is having its patent expiring soon.

I would love for generic drug makers (ones in India for example) to come in and start making the drug for cheaper so it is more affordable for families.

However, because it is a rare disease, I don't know if a drug maker would normally be incentivized to do this. But given the sky high costs of the drug pre patent expiration, I think there might be enough demand there for makers to make decent profit.

Say I wanted to give them a nudge, or maybe I get some people who I know are ready to pay for it if they make them, showing to the generic makers the demand is there. Does anyone know how I should go about this or if it's possible? Aside from the obvious, e.g. start emailing around and asking the manufacturers, does anyone have experience with this and know what to look out for?

And also I'm aware that regulations and things are a whole different issue but I'm currently just asking around hypothetically.
There will always be electricity available, but it'll come at a cost. I expect businesses running duplicate capacity for redundancy (ie AWS) to spike in price first.

The French grid is mostly powered by nuclear and has been for years. I don't expect much of a problem there even with rising gas prices. The total energy consumption graphs online that show a significant amount of fossil fuels seem to also include other types of energy consumption such as heating.

I wouldn't worry about this for now. Make sure your offsite backups are working and prepare a plan for migration to any other host if you're worried, but with OVH I'd be more worried about the data center catching on fire than electricity being cut for more than a maintenance window.
Author of the open sauce here. Coolt to see this on HN for the second time(!)
Still making fermented sauces and pickles. Set Moroccan Salted Lemons this week actually.
Happy to answer any questions. :-)
>the public sentiment forced her hand after Fukushima though

I wonder how many people died in Fukushima vs how many Ukrainians were killed by Russian soldiers this year.
Show HN: PyCircTools – Build digital circuits using Python
Iḿ developing a python package which allows to develop digital circuits. It currently has modules for logic gates, multiplexers and latches; and the next version will include adders, shift registers, and even a simple ALU! Check it out on github.
Someone needs to keep things running for search, YouTube, Maps, Gmail, …
https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/2022/06/08/webb-engineered-to-en...

Summary: they can see it in the data, but events such as this were expected and part of the lifetime of the telescope.
Nuclear? Not really, there were very little investments in past, new nuclear plants are not being build

In France (largest nuclear power producer) 50% of reactors are shut down for repairs right now, some are broken beyond repair. France is now net electricity importer.
Ironic because churches around here ring their bells every hour from 8AM every day.
Property crimes aren't really prosecuted in SF. Perhaps that will change somewhat with the new DA, but serious consequences are unlikely. (I'm just stating the reality of the situation, not trying to excuse or justify it.)
It's sweet banana, not plantain. "Kebab" is also a popular (if less weird) topping option.

Incidentally, a lot of the pizza places here do really quite terrible quality pizza - I think because the pizza is more the pretext for selling alcohol (liquor laws are quite strict).
You can trust the fire to be resilient
I find no fault in this logic, it's watertight!
I just filed an issue on the project. (Gotta look that gift horse in the mouth...)
It appears to me that the measures France is preparing are measures to keep the power _on_, not turn it off: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-06-01/france-pr...
> If you have no interest in learning the dry theory behind the cryptography, then you have no business rolling your own crypto.

As someone who wholeheartedly buys into the “thou shalt not roll thine own crypto” mantra, this attitude is just sad. Everyone who wants to has all the business rolling their own crypto for learning purposes, and you have no business telling them they shouldn’t. Stifling this sort of exploration is fundamentally wrong.
Symbolics next, please!
That sounds super nice! Maybe this will turn out to be a nice way of compiling languages which make heavy use of tail calls to the browser (I'm thinking Haskell, Purescript, Erlang, Ocaml).
For purescript specifically this means no MonadRec needed which is quite exciting! (if and when a wasm backend is made, ofc)
If you want to roll your own you should be using AES intrinsics (accessible in most [all?] languages) to replicate how the actual crypto code you use every day works.

The article and code is more about understanding the math, which is great and fundamental, but it is not really about the implementation side of things.

https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/docs/intrinsics-guid...

https://developer.arm.com/documentation/ddi0596/2020-12/SIMD...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AES_instruction_set
I can't speak French but this may be related to recent news about some policy regarding the nationalisation of the energy grid that France is working on. I can't find anything about cutting power, though.
I can also turn this around: I'm not sure why you have so much problem with me pointing out that accusations are not based on facts. It sounds as if you want those accusations to be true despite facts.

What is wrong with doing things not based on altruism? There is nothing wrong with business. Nobody builds bridges and hospital for free.
Dont worry, rationing will affect large electric consumers (industry, EV cars, heating...). VPS are too small.
Just went through Heathrow on a redeye and walked through baggage claim at 6:30 in the morning. THOUSANDS of bags sitting there that had not been claimed the day before. Crazy.
If electricity becomes really scarce, they'll take some large industrial processes offline. Data centers won't be shut down. You'll be fine with OVH.
Sometimes dictators are able to choose optimal policies, even with all the costs.

And yes, most firms are command economies, after all. As CEO...
Hetzner in Finland is probably cheaper and with lower latency for Europeans.
Cars without advanced automatic collision avoidance systems are going to be on the road for decades to come.
> alias ll='ls -Glopa'

Does not the -o make both the -G and -l unnecessary?
Developers hate context switching. But no one's doing anything about it
There's a problem with Nuclear this year due to 'mistery corrosion' [1]

1: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/18/business/france-nuclear-p...
Haha I feel this so much. Only a few minutes ago I asked my girlfriend to pick a few new songs to listen to...
That probably means they received permission ;)
Is lightning just another layer 2 scaling solution? Or am I missing something?
I see it as a ladder of reducing complexity. There is you, power Joe and regular Joe. You can write a program in Assembly or C with syscalls and char ptrs, but then power Joe cannot. You both can write a program in C# or Java with their runtimes, but then regular Joe cannot. All of you can write electron and pyqt.

If we didn’t climb from KBs/MHz to GBs/GHz, only few vendors could ship their software, and that would suck even more.

For some reason there is no simple compiled language with simple but powerful runtime which could do the same thing electron does in KBs/MHz. It is not unrealistic and I think the problem lies within us, our methodologies and tradition to overcomplicate everything we touch. So anyone who tries to make a ladder has to cut through layers and layers of nonsensical abstractions, sacrificing performance and memory here and there, and only then you get something that business people can use.
I think his worry is the percentage of power production in Europe that shifted from Coal to Natural Gas (read Russian Natural Gas).

But I just don't see it, I think governments in Europe would likely buy surplus US/Canada LNG ($$$) or scrable for extra gas from Norway/Qatar/Algeria instead of creating actual outages, specially considering how much coupling you have in EU power networks across countries. [0]

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_grid_of_Continenta...
For some context, the question is probably motivated by discussions such as [0]:

> "Let's prepare for a total cut-off of Russian gas. This is now the most likely option," [said French Minister of Economy, Bruno le Maire].

> Some companies could therefore be asked to "slow down their energy consumption, or even stop their energy consumption for a certain period of time" while it would be "totally impossible" for others to do so without triggering wider industrial repercussions," he explained.

[0] https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2022/07/11/electricity-su...
> Usually, they’re what I’d call “creative types,” as with architect Zaha Hadid, who before her death in March told the BBC’s Desert Island Discs program about her propensity to play films and songs on a loop while she painted and did other work.

Maybe everyone listens to music on repeat (which is why every music app has that feature), including creative types, but creative types are more likely to be interviewed about what music they listen to and how?
I assume that response wasn't intended to convince me I was entirely mistaken in considering the possibility that you (and others) would ever jump to the wrong conclusions about people's intentions, but I hope you found the experience of writing it cathartic anyway.
Any optimization that removes an unnecessary stack allocation could also be the difference between normal execution and stack overflow, due to decreasing the size of the stack frame.
They restructured African debts when Africa got into trouble due to COVID, so the claim that "they only restructure when things are fine" is emperically false.

Regarding being able to negotiate: high-profile African commentators, such as Gyude Moore, have pointed out on multiple occasions that it's perfectly possible to say no to an offer, after which the Chinese offer new terms. You should check out his videos some time.
> It's been striking how little discussion there is of this in /r/europe and /r/germany.

I suspect it's because most Germans don't hang out there and those forums are populated mostly by expats.
These are called "cache-timing attacks". In presence of caches, no memory lookup can be guaranteed to be constant time. Any memory lookups that use secret indices are thus not timing-safe, however non-secret indices are OK.

See https://cr.yp.to/antiforgery/cachetiming-20050414.pdf

Here's an implementation that doesn't use tables: https://github.com/openbsd/src/blob/master/sys/crypto/aes.c
The objects aren’t really moving in that sense. The expansion of space over time is what stretches the light.
Nope, Ilfak gave us a license for it and as Binary Ninja devs we're using a legitimate licensed copy of Binary Ninja as well. All above board and we're hoping to add more commercial decompilers in the future as well as we can integrate them and the companies behind them are willing.

RE: Demand. We just got 2x the workers but as the easy coast wakes up I'm not confident it'll hold up too well, several of the decompilers are... VERY resource intensive so there's really no good way without an exorbitant amount of compute to scale to heavy demand.

Eventually a better queue system with better pre-processing to filter invalid things is on our todo list
What do you think the reasons were?
Hey,

Thanks for the recipe! I am also into fermented recipes.

Quick question, where do you buy Habanero Chilis in Germany? I somehow never saw them in supermarkets or "wochenmarkt"s.
Have you ever used/considered using another rolling release? If yes, how would you compare them to Debian testing?

Also, are there any parts of Debian testing that is not rolling (i.e. OS version number or some package versions like kernel or Node.js)?
Can someone explain to me what potential applications are unlocked by the addition of on-chain execution (the FileCoin VM) to a proof-of-storage backed blockchain (ie, FileCoin)?

Also, is the wasm-based (and therefore polygot) execution environment a novelty in the space of on-chain execution? That in itself should be a big deal right?
> The organic movement that led to a nationwide chemical fertiliser ban is in fact part of a CIA operation to destabilise food-insecure nations.

This is absurd... I grant you that the CIA is in the business of destabilizing nations and use the World bank and IMF to that end, but what possible proof do you have that this is the case? It's clear to see that myopic policy (even I as a former Biodynamic farmer thought this transition was absurd) coupled with nepotism and a currency crisis due to COVID which directly impeded their ability to source fertilizer on the open market as the Russian invasion took place is what created their downfall.

This all seeing boggy-G-man narrative is of CCP levels of hysteria!
Nope, not when you ask them and they provide the license.

This is being run with the permission of all the commercial products. In fact, we (Binary Ninja) and Hex-Rays (once I figure out the exact mechanism with Ilfak) are the ones actually paying hosting costs! It's both good for the community and hopefully shows off the value in commercial decompilers. :-)
I think it's currenlty free? https://web3.storage/
No, the key word here, is: trust. You have more of it than you should for Big Pharma, given that that the facts of historical precedent, combined with the economics of addiction that are clearly exploited by the industry, do not support such subservient trust.

Have you never thought about the Pusher and Junkie relationship, at industrial scale? Because that is what Big Pharma is all about.
> One nice property of money is that you don't need to have read extensively about money for someone to give you money.

This is true of cash, but not true of debit cards. It is actually quite rate for ordinary people to be able to accept a debit card payment, but that doesn't make debit cards not useful.
While I agree that they won't shut down OVH France, I'd rather go with Hetzner Finland than Hetzner US. Mostly powered by renewables, much of that water, they'll be fine regardless of the availability of gas.
A business is a business, that's a pretty funny way to enter the food retail space though!

Offtopic: does anyone else think this website scrolls weird? I can't put my finger on it but when I drag up this website just doesn't feel right for some reason. Is my phone being slow?
The same reason you need any business card: making yourself a bit less forgettable.
I've been thinking about magic links using QR codes rather then email.

EDIT: The idea here is that on a device where you're already logged in you generate a QR code, you photograph that code on another device, and then you confirm on the first device that it's really you who photographed the code on the other device.
Rotting onions do stink.

It seems to be a special trick that onions do, to rot from the inside. So the outer copule of layers of the onion are fine, but then there's two layers of mushy brownish stuff, then the onion's core is fine again. You can't tell if your onion's rotting without cutting it open. This can be super-annoying if it's your last onion, because I don't care to use rotting onions.

With respect to tears: my daughter adopted the practice of slicing onions while wearing swimming goggles. I think she was about 12 years old when she first did that; she's 35 now, and is still doing it. She looks a hoot, but looking daft is better than suffering. I think I've developed immunity to sulphenic acid myself.
This survey certainly doesn't answer all questions, but I think it does show that corporate funding of FOSS development is significant:

https://www.linuxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020FOSSC...

The Linux kernel is mostly funded by a few large corporations:

https://www.extremetech.com/computing/175919-who-actually-de...

Clearly, corporate funding is concentrated in a few large projects, which inevitably means that there will be volunteers out there who carry a huge burden keeping critical smaller projects going.
Isn't lightning the layer 2 scaling solution? What other promising options are there?
This thing can see through dust. That's pretty cool, don't you think?
OVH host government websites and services, if anything their DCs will have priority for electricity.
This could backfire on politicians in a spectacular way.
Apparently that does not include data redundancy. You must take care of that yourself by buying the same storage from multiple vendors: https://docs.filecoin.io/about-filecoin/faq/#after-i-made-a-...

Also, the next FAQ question answers an interesting problem where the cost of data retrieval is not agreed before hand, and allows the storage providers to extort you for actually ever retrieving your data. Solution is again storing your bytes with multiple providers and hoping they are not all extortionists.
Someone should port it to the Recipe JSON Schema
https://schema.org/Recipe
It's not a good headline. Not the emoji cost the texter money, but acting in bad faith [according to the ruling]. If you mislead the counterparty during a negotiation by using emojis --- you are still misleading the counterparty.
This is technically incorrect. A programming language can be designed with specification in mind, even with a formal one (e.g. SML). It is just true that the specification is not likely effectively verified before more than one real implementations landed, if it is not formally verified. (Anyway, verification by testing of existing implementations _is_ the fallback where people cannot afford the cost of formal methods.)
They're not making enough money to pay for imports because they're not producing enough. If they were producing enough then they wouldn't need to borrow money to pay for imports, so the cost of borrowing wouldn't matter.
I'm getting this:

# fermented chilli sauce recipe
# https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/friedchilli_83671
> This is the result of worldwide efforts to limit the fallout of the 2008 financial crisis.

This needs citation?

> overheating of the market.

I did say "My theory"
> I've no idea why, but if I hear a song too many times in a couple day period I have a night of fever dreaming where I wake up over and over again to the song in my head.

Do you use stimulants of any kind? I have a pet theory that even high doses of caffeine can lead to earworms or IMI. I think there’s even OTC medicines that are well known to contribute to earworms.
Why is the parent comment not being downvoted to oblivion? It is making specific, deterministic claims and providing absolutely no sources whatsoever.

How does the OP know? Which university was it? Which research group? If "a research group" "found something worked" then there would be a trail of research papers leading up to whatever the patentable invention is.

This anecdote is a complete fabrication: events like this plain do not happen and shouldn't pass the snifftest for anyone: "a professor was paid off" - oh okay, well what about his graduate students? Honors students?
The country I live in, Germany, is arguably even worse off than France.
But: there is a price to be paid for human life, freedoms, democracy and decency. We've been preaching for over 50 years about never letting a genocide happen again on the European soil. Now it's time to walk the talk and pay the price. Still, for us, it's a very modest price, when compared to what the Ukrainians are paying. We pay with discomfort, Ukrainians pay with their lives, limbs and all the horrors the human destruction can bring. Fuck Russia. Sorry for the offtopic and being melodramatic - I hope you will manage to keep your VPS running.
Sri Lanka is the second largest tea exporter in the world -- if you converted all of that to organic, then odds are good that the organic tea market just collapses.

Beyond that, it's easy to get rid of modern fertilizers, but the tradeoff is significantly lower yield. To make up for the loss of yield, you need more space. Sri Lanka is a small island that is densely populated, so space is at a premium. Yielding less crop for the same money might have worked out if not for the pandemic, except for the fact that they domestically consumed most of their domestic staple goods, exporting the surplus. Now they've resorted to importing.