skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
NULL is totally fine, and happen naturally if you make an outer join. But if you are making a UNIQUE constraint one a nullable column, then you may have a problem.

The idea with NULL is that it is not a value, it is the absence of value, like a field you didn't fill in a form. For example, if you ask two people their personal information, and neither specified their email address (email=NULL), you can't assume they have the same email address. And if you put a UNIQUE constraint on that email field, you probably don't mean that only one person is allowed to leave it blank: either you make it mandatory (NOT NULL), or you let everyone leave it blank.

The reason nullable and unique are rarely seen together is that unique is typically for keys, and generally, you don't want rows that have no key value. Also, putting a unique constraint on something that is not a key may not be the best idea. For example, if you don't intend to use email to uniquely identify people, what's the problem with two people having the same email?
What is the length and weight of "Schöningen Spear II"? Wikipedia has "The complete spears vary in length from 1.84 to 2.53 m (6.04 to 8.30 ft), with diameters ranging from 29 to 47 mm (1.14 to 1.85 in)" But the reference is behind a paywall.

How does it compare to olympic javelin?
pre postgres 15 can you solve this with two unique constraints ?

unique (EmployeeName),
unique (EmployeeName, CarID)
Yes. You have made a false/weak assumption. Humans do not always favor centralization, if we did then you would expect our society to be eusocial like bees or ants or something. Humans aren't machines, we adjust our level of cooperation and competition to suit our environment, and the technology in our environment can either favor centralization or decentralization of social structures.
While this is a very inflamed area of discussion, there's a considerable portion of right-wing politicians - even some with degrees from prestigious school - that are becoming more and more hostile against education.

It is current day anti-intellectualism. Nothing new, but unfortunately not dead either.
History suggests that countries go to war during economically challenging times. A dictator whose power is slipping also tends towards war. Sovereignty at sea is also a big attraction. Taiwan being a perennial thorn in the side of the Chinese regime is another.

China has been getting more aggressive lately— flying military jets deep into Taiwanese air space. I would not be surprised if China made a move in the next 18 months.
In the UK you do GCSEs about age 16, A-Levels about age 18 (there are some vocational certificates too), both while typically living at home.

You then typically go away for a Bachelor degree which lasts 3-4 years and gives you a BSc, BA or similar. After that you might do a Masters degree which would be 1 year (full time) which gives you an MSc/MA, then you'd start a doctorate which takes several years before getting a PhD

At 16 people leave that track and do formal qualifications in more vocational areas (bricklaying, farming, etc), at 18 people who didn't do vocational training from 16 may leave, a gap year is quite popular at that point, where you have a year off and travel the world.

Most people who do BA/BSc level courses will finish after graduation, typically age 21-23 (depending on gap year and length of course). Some stay direct on, plenty of people do Masters remotely part time later in their careers.
to be fair the slashes do appear in the title of the website, so cited faithfully. OTOH the website's title is rendered as

.__ .__
_____ ____ ____ _____ _______ ____ | |__ |__|__ __ ____
\__ \ / \ / \\__ \\_ __ \/ ___\| | \| \ \/ // __ \
/ __ \| | \ | \/ __ \| | \| \___| Y \ |\ /\ ___/
(____ /___| /___| (____ /__| \___ >___| /__| \_/ \___ >
\/ \/ \/ \/ \/ \/ \/

which may be more of a challenge to use as an HN header...
Which is to say, Dupe, with two extensive discussions yesterday, one based on the WaPo article here.

(Context on top of links helps.)
Botanists, chemists and historians recreate ancient alchemy of making mercury
I hate these blogs that dont post the publish date - but the metatags suggests this was published 2022-05-27T20:05:21+00:00 - ETH has lost almost half its "price" since then.
I wonder if this sort of research is more focused on appealing to companies rather than employees, as I often see averages which are much lower than what can be considered the current market rate. Therefore research like this gives companies numbers which they can use to justify lower salaries to new employees and lower raises to existing employees, especially if a company wants to pay the median salary, or at the 75% mark.

I always hear stories about people being paid significantly more than these sorts of surveys suggest.
as far as I know, the climate change we're experiencing is at a far swifter rate than historical shifts, unless there was some sort of cataclysm
While not necessarily the particular examples you give, there is a destructive side to the willingness to spend as well in terms of environmental impact. Lots of people in the US end up with basements or garages of stuff they don't use and can't even remember what is there or find it if they were ever to want to use it. I think there is a religion of wealth not just among the super wealthy where people think the environmental impact doesn't matter or if it does someone else will fix it or if not then they deserve it anyway. Ethically there can also be major issues, including with clothing, and the more likely to be ethical stuff can be more expensive (but not that expensive, the most expensive stuff is usually just expensive in order to show off wealth). The freedom of wealth is the freedom to shit on other people if you want to or just don't care enough to not do so. I suggest continuing to be careful about what you buy but with a wider ethical consideration rather that just looking for the best price.
> Hopefully we learn from our mistakes and are better prepared for the next pandemic.

Hehe, that's a great joke to start monday with
We still need to build quicker and build more. This just demonstrates which forms of power would make effective use of taxpayer subsidies.
The crucial part of shadowbanning is that the one subjected to it is can't (easily) see that their comments/post are being hidden from others. It's like the difference between rejecting spam mail and silently dropping it. Since actual shadowbanning is all about showing a different view of the world to the affected user compared to everyone else we can't see if TerryADavis has been shadowbanned or not.

Shadowbanning might be effective against actual spammers but preventing the user from seeing that they were banned removes even more accountability from the moderation than other tools which makes shadowbanning particularly prone to abuse as well as mistakes that won't get fixed. I think it's pretty dishonest to punish someone without telling them they are being punished.

It's also worth pointing out that shadowbanning is more effective against good faith users than malicious users since all it takes is to check using a disconnected session to uncover the ruse - something that will hardly be difficult for a motivated malicious user.
Travel Back in Time with Street View and Map Archives
“Something like 7%” is noticeably less than twice 4%, so no, I didn’t make that assumption. (I also explicitly stated that this was a back-of-the-napkin-quality analysis.)
I read the original report, which still includes figures of >$100 per kWh for storage, projected for multiple decades (if not in this report, in others). For a higher-latitude nation, we need TWh, probably tens of, for even a small nation. Be assured I have crunched these numbers and confirmed against our current best wind+PV resource data.

In other words, if we run a nuclear plant and deliberately induce a, as you say, "Fukushima-style cleaup", we are about comparable.

That's how expensive proper storage is. "Storage will save us", is frankly, an irresponsible lie that has killed.
Plain packaging would knock billions off the value of beverage companies
If you see stuff like this in 2022 you could agree: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PkwBy4aqvKc

This is the result of using Cross Plattform development to the extreme: https://www.c64demo.com/big-parallax-logo-mover/
People leaving russia is not an indication that they are definitely losing the war in ukraine.

Russia may be in demographic decline - but there's still tonnes of time before that problem becomes insurmountable. The regime doesn't care about that anyway.
I agree that it's a bit silly and pop-sciencey, but it is a cultural reference point for their British target audience
I don’t think default check constraints should be a part of any serious RDBMS. Developers are free to default to any behaviour they prefer.
Having a familiar name should become a negative instead of a positive for a politician. Voters should assume they're just riding their famous relative's coattails unless clearly proven otherwise.
Yondr: Create phone-free spaces for artists, educators, organizations, etc.
Eeeh. I think there’s a decent chance that TSM is destroyed early in any campaign, and that the West gives Xi a stern letter saying, “You better not attack Japan.”
It’s a thought exercise to examine the validity of the “overall” judgement. Obviously(??) suddenly is not possible or preferable.
Equally does it take into account all the costs of global warming?
C64 production continued until 1994. Commodore announced that year, just prior to its bankruptcy, that the C64 production would finally end in 1995, but then they went bust. They held onto the C64 production that long because it remained profitable for them.

Commodore didn't have the money to sell the C64 below cost. I don't think there's any evidence to suggest they did other than possibly for very short periods. People thought they did at the time, sure, but Commodore's ability to cost-cut was in large part due to their extreme vertical integration at the time.

In 1988 the C64 was still selling over a million units a year. It was losing market share fast, but due to the growth of the overall market, not due to dropping C64 sales - sales at that point were still stable. The NES sold ~7-8m in 1988.
A social obligation, in short, is something which a person would be rude not to do, but is not required by law. I’m sure you can think of examples. I am putting forth my opinion that fixing bugs, regardless of how rude a bug report is, is a social obligation.
And when a supplier returns a shipment, and when new things happen that you haven’t thought of so a new column isn’t needed.
Yes, as he says:

> The downside of this approach is that if the system crashes without a chance to flush the buffer, the last lines might not have been written and may be lost.
>as simple as uploading it to my hosted instance of calibre-web, and then next time I pick up my kobo it will automatically download it.

Wow, sounds really nice, you got my attention! My stack to achieve the same result is a bit more complicated: I installed KOreader on my device, and it can read calibre's OPDS catalog feed. KOreader has some other niceties that I enjoy, mostly wallabag support.

How do you trick the native kodo firmware? Does it work outside your home network?
Yes! this would be amazing!

Since I've seen these Images, I am kinda amazed by the potential of this idea.

https://www.artstation.com/artwork/dOkXJ1
This has been the headline the past week. Why are prices lagging? There's been a modest decrease, but far from a crash. More critically: availability and lead times are still historically awful. I can't make business strategies on vaporware.
"You do not need to get a Math minor to get an Economics major."

That wasn't the claim. The claim was that it's somehow surprising that economics is math heavy. Yes there are 'policy' or 'international business' degrees camouflaging as 'economics' degrees, but how can it be a surprise to any but the most uninformed that 'economics' (at least the prestigious degrees, which are the ones that will produce the majority of future academics) are math heavy? And I'm not even talking about just the pure math courses. Courses like Operations Research are notorious 'filter courses' for economics students, good luck passing those without math fundamentals.
No, I think you’re missing the idea that this is a thought exercise to test the statement of police being “overall” bad.
Not sure about the mfgr- could be rounding for memory saliency. . . but re HN they’re counting clock time not power on time. Could have easily been turned off total 10 days for maintenance etc. (and good routine could have both servers off about the same no hrs.) That’s only 0.6% downtime.
Startup news link submission site https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=124
> I want to see a "solar dispenser" that can drive very slowly across open land

We gotta you covered (ha! pun!) [1].

[1] https://5b.co/web/image/website/1/social_default_image
Sounds like China and Russia are a match made in heaven, then.
From what I remember reading this affected Sandisk only, is that correct?

I have a Samsung EVO and OCZ SSD. Would these be affected too? Perhaps some shared component?

Cisco has written "Industry-wide" here which is confusing
No control doesn't mean no responsibility. Though we're definitely behaving irresponsibly, which seems to be a universal trait of large groups of people.
You could argue that theoretically we can control it, but in reality that would require humans to not behave like humans for once.
They do go to war, but they usually go to war for a reason. Eg, invading a fertile wheat basket, or an oil-rich area, or somewhere with lots of space.

Invading Taiwan won't help with economic problems, it helps with their strategic issues with accessing the Pacific.
Holy hell and there are no tax breaks? Like could you invest in some insurance or something to get a tax return?
They said "most practical watch of all time" ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
koreader is great and also works on (some?) kobo devices.
> complex passwords yesterday, 2FA today, package signing tomorrow, reproducible builds the next.

Don't threaten me with a good time.
That was the case before, but now GlassFish has been picked up again and is very active once more:

https://github.com/eclipse-ee4j/glassfish/graphs/contributor...
Closed timelike curves are only a problem if you can act differently to change the outcome. The whole loop could just as easily be deterministic, playing the same scene forever.
The artists using AI – Four creators share their DALL-E-generated images
I'm German, but have spent my whole adult life studying and working in Switzerland.

Cost-of-living is high, but salaries are higher. I regularly check the Numbeo comparison to a city like Munich [0] and the results are still the same: Given a Munich salary of X, you earn more than 2 * X in Zurich, and spend less than 2 * X. At the end of the month, you're left with alpha * (2 * X) where alpha is a percentage value based on your thriftiness. So even if you are just as thrifty as in Germany,
you are still left with double the savings at the end of the month.

From what I've heard of the job market relationship between Canada and the US, Germany and Switzerland seem to be in similar shoes. Brain drain towards Switzerland/US because the salaries in Germany/Canada aren't terrible, just terrible compared what you could earn in a neighboring country.

Apart from that, I would be curious to hear if Germany is suffering the same cognitive dissonance in media that we get here in Switzerland: Somehow, there are never enough candidates to fill all positions in the Software sector, but neither salaries nor perks are increasing. In my experience, companies insist on moving away from WFH in favor of having everyone come to the office again with a complete lack of empathy that that could even be considered unattractive.

One notable company I talked to said that for all their teams of ~5 employees, the 1-2 per team based in Switzerland would have to commute into Zurich, while the other 3-4 would work remotely from Bangalore and Romania. When I pointed out that at that point, surely the Swiss employees should be able to work remotely as well, I was told that was not an option.

[0] https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/compare_cities.jsp?cou...
The difference is that we don't have Hollywood movies about those.

The real reasons why people hate America so much is not US military actions (though that has contributed in some cases), but American culture.

Nationalists worldwide absolutely hate it when young people in their countries drink Coke, eat at McDonalds, wear Levi's, consume US Music, Movies and video games, social media, etc. US culture has been displacing other cultures gradually for about 100 years.

If you are a westerner, consider the impact of Tik-Tok, and multiply it by 100x, then you may even empathize with them.
Australia is already building a lot of pumped storage. E.g. snowy 2 alone has 350 GWh of storage. Im skeptical of the idea that this + solar + wind costs more than nuclear + this even without free catastrophe insurance but id be curious to see your numbers.

(Obviously some form of storage would also be necessary for nuclear power which cant adjust output to match variable demand).

It is pretty cheap to build pumped storage, relatively. Pumping water uphill isnt too complicated. Until a few months ago though the cheapest "battery" was still natural gas.

Pumped storage is an unsexy 100 year old technology and it doesnt have a huge lobby doing public relations like the nuke industry so when big projects go ahead we tend not to hear about it but there are tons in the pipeline all over.
I really like your attitude, but I have trouble with regards to scary scenes / events (also cause I know some scenes/movies/series made a lot of impact on me as kid like the werewolves from Ghostbusters). I remember the original Tron as more peaceful / less violent. Interstellar didn't contain violence IIRC, but Inception does. The woman goes batshit crazy. I'd also like to add Moon and The Matrix. But again, be careful with suspense and children. Moon's ending was a bit lurid.

As for the point being, the movie is from 1982 and was on about a battle between sysadmin/ML/AI and users, its also a homage to a community which did not exist back then in the same effect it does now (the FOSS community).
I don't like it but it's the best we have. If there would be more lightweight, prettier alternative I'd use that but for now there really isn't an alternative and I'm grateful for the author to keep working on it.
Hasn’t the number of college degrees basically ballooned since the 70s?

Isn’t this like saying, “The number of professors whose parents have a car is up 3x since the 1930s?”
The Future of EJB
It reminds me a little of those large coal excavators, but the similarity is probably just because these are big machines.
I was diving a little in the history and is even more interesting, in unsuspected ways.

To start, I'm not 100% sure, but the fuzzy ladybugs in the video seem compatible with some of the multiple faces of the Asian ladybug Harmonia. This is bad news.

Ladybugs eat other ladybugs eggs as a normal behavior to assure food for their own larvae. For some reason, when native species ate Harmonia eggs they died. Many ladybugs are poisonous and Harmonia is one of them, so researchers searched in vain for poison in the eggs. Finally the culprit was disclosed: Eggs have a bodyguard symbiont that kills the insects that eat them.

So this children are not just releasing ladybugs. They are most probably spreading also a lethal parasite of the native species of ladybugs that protect our crops.

Another dire warning of why environmental management and ecology must be left to professionals.
That's just plain wrong. You need some value to populate optional fields, and NULL is a pretty decent choice to indicate that a string, date or number has not been filled in. If you try to fix that by having special string or numeric constants, you're just making life harder, especially when you export the data. The poor souls that import it will think "hey, this timestamp says 1-1-1970, so this probably happened at Jan. 1, 1970."
A minor quibble: The C64 had 8 multicolor sprites. You can display more, but it requires multiplexing them vertically using the raster interrupt.
Not sure about TES, but all the Prince of Persia games had the same behaviour of needing the game disc inserted to even start. Was a very irritating countermeasure, presumably against people who used their disc to install the game on multiple devices.
They're specifically signalling an interest in Small Nuclear Power Reactors [1] which are less accident prone, deferring cost analysis until Dec 2024 [2], and looking for more of a global uptake to bring costs down [3]

[1] https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fu...

[2] https://www.iaea.org/projects/crp/i12007

[3] "Achieving the lower end of the nuclear SMR range requires that SMR is deployed globally in large enough numbers to bring down costs available to Australia." (linked GenCost Report, page 58)
This sounds like the exact same bug that effected HPE products a couple of years ago.
Original title: 'From ‘Barbies scissoring’ to ‘contorted emotion’: the artists using AI // Four creators share their Dall-E-generated images - and their hopes and fears about AI in art'

An abridgement of the article is probably not necessary.
> Now compare the efficiency of minimal logging compared to lotsa logging (even if most of it is only conditionally enabled), when optimising for dev time spent on troubleshooting :)

Or even for successful requests per second averaged over spans of time including normal outages, degradations, and other indignities of life. It doesn't take many minutes at zero throughput to drag those averages down, so every minute shaved off by more illuminating logging is a performance benefit.
STMicro and GlobalFoundries to build chip factory in EU tech independence push
> And I would add that one aspect of this training is the ability to deal with subjects student isn't particularly interested in.

What good does it do?

I don't think that you improve the ability to ingest irrelevant information and make them stick. What you can do is to try to trick your brain into thinking it's relevant - but then, why not make it relevant?

In the end, we don't learn for nothing, we learn because it should help us. If one can't answer why something would be helpful, then I say: don't teach it. If it is helpful (even if it's in the far future) then find a way to show that relevance right now or find something for which the learning is helpful _right now_ on top of the actual purpose.
It doesn't mean there are no distortions, it just means they are not measured. So I vastly prefer knowing there's no data than some placeholder that "simulates" no data
> Cool but this was trivially solved previously by excluding NULL from the index using a partial index.

That seems like the opposite solution, treating NULLs as different in database systems which treat them as identical by default (which I think only includes MSSQL).

In postgres, and most DBMS, using a partial index excluding NULL allows any number of rows to have a NULL value… which is the same behaviour as if you’re not excluding NULLs.

The new opt-in behaviour is treating all nulls as the same value, and thus allowing a UNIQUE index to constraint them.

This required two different partial indexes, or for constrained data subset in hacks like COALESCE-ing nulls to a sentinel.