skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
If you are talking about the thing that git calls a branch, it's literally just a pointer to a commit. You can look it up manually. Here is a random repo I have on my PC:

~/p/s/sigrok-cli> cat .git/refs/heads/master
7bdc46d6fcdcfa00dd29ac102f3128aeb44a479c

In principle all these objects are in the .git/objects folder. But the encoding is some binary thing for branches, and anyway it's often stored differently (I assume for space saving reasons). But git can explain what every object is.

~/p/s/sigrok-cli> git cat-file -p 7bdc46d6fcdcfa00dd29ac102f3128aeb44a479c
tree fa02da4030e5791695b8a7a5400ee2c2cc88ee46
parent 09fc39da486b8618d65b66ca96a760478c3e89e2
author Uwe Hermann <...> 1454100673 +0100
committer Uwe Hermann <...> 1454100673 +0100

NEWS: Update for upcoming 0.6.0 release.
~/p/s/sigrok-cli> git cat-file -p fa02da4030e5791695b8a7a5400ee2c2cc88ee46
100644 blob d1d8ffca429d2a4697a56fd7dedbeee3fc6d577d .gitignore
100644 blob 28c1b20e6d7d146fbc6ad0270ff5b09cfd057b26 AUTHORS
100644 blob 94a9ed024d3859793618152ea559a168bbcbb5e2 COPYING
100644 blob 04c29abe3dc42c8ecb8ec1b71093437d8c382ebd HACKING
100644 blob c6d6c8a7cff1a5b7d940e0c040ad1d4f5337f646 Makefile.am
... etc

The git software just updates the branch to create the illusion that it's not just a pointer to a commit. But really, it's literally a file with the sha1 hash of the commit.
Aha that is interesting I wasn’t aware of this difference. Pushing the layer down to lower level controls does seem like it would help with this but perhaps at the cost of ui consistency on the platforms?

Either way thanks for the link, I’ll check it out.
> Greater precedents have been overturned.

Indeed.
I've got my AWS solutions architect associate and professional, they expire in 3 years.

Azure is the worst offender, offering certs that expire in ONE year. No thanks.

Google certs expire after 2 years.
Los Angeles is way more diverse, on just about any front, than San Francisco.
> how come they didn't use their own codebase instead of taking the opensource ones?

Convenience probably.

Using their own code would have required them to coordinate inhouse, and carefully and expensively sanitise everything, because committing their code, which was largely never written to be open sourced, to run the wild Copilot experiment (which it still is at this point) probably seemed a little riskier than they liked, potentially creating some kind of security disaster. So just use the stuff that is already in the open and thus better be secure enough as is, at what they apparently deem the relatively small risk and costs of lawsuits happening.

I could also see them wanting to test the water on how the license thing flies.
> Stockholm syndrome

Is a lie fabricated to deflect criticism of the person who coined the term via abusive ad hominem of the critic.

Surprisingly, that tends to predict the quality of arguments invoking Stockholm syndrome pretty well, too.
> Good luck fighting this mostly undectable, productivity boosting technology that has no obvious victims.

This is practically freeing the code. Paradoxically, open source people oppose it, but it's going to empower open source as well.
So there was no mechanism to appeal the decision, presumably? Lawyer says "nope", gives bullshit reason, and that's it? Nothing further to be done?
Yeah I am doubting this too. The lawyer identifies a potential legal problem (clearances) that would have been trivial to solve. For about $50 you can file a copyrighted work with the librarian of Congress and get an officially USA-branded certificate of copyright ownership, and it only takes a couple of weeks. This is a norm in the creative industry because if you have filed your copyrighted work and it is later infringed, you can claim punitive damages as well as recoup your loss.
As someone who lives nearby and is even pretty happy with living here most of the time, let me tell you that Calgary being third on this list is comically absurd. It's an ok city in many ways, but approximately the only way it's a better city than the other two canadian cities on the list is that average income is fairly high (for now) in Alberta, and especially in oil company boardrooms in Calgary, again because of a resurgent oil boom due to the russian invasion of ukraine.
> our general popular culture tends to value physical achievement (the athlete) more than mental achievement (the nerd/geek)

Isn't that changing, possibly for the worse - don't you now need a college degree for almost anything above the lowest tiers?
You are right that my point wasn't clear and I apologise for that.

Your comment started by saying that the EU (as a negative) has not shaken off monarchy and ended with a contrast with the UK (a positive comparison). My point was that the UK (I am British) is even more steeped in monarchy/tradition so that can't be the cause.

Then I addressed your complaints in the middle paragraph about the GDPR by pointing out that compliance is reasonably simple for sites already having good behaviour.

And finally as you started with the EU and ended with the UK I pointed out that the new UK proposals are more onerous than the GDPR ones (thanks to the verification requirement).

You're free to disagree, and again I apologise for not being clear enough, but those were my points.
> "Add (long overdue) support for RIGHT and FULL OUTER JOIN."

This is a big update and makes it much nicer for ETL work.
This reminds me of all the educationally highly credentialed people I knew confidently predicting in 2016 that Trump would jail all democrats, declare martial law, and ‘women would be raped in the streets’.

I would recommend looking up American history, in the 70s, 50s, 20s, 1800s etc. Today is a milder form of the political polarization that is endemic to America, and ironically America’s strength.

If there was a betting market on a theocracy, I would bet the house in the opposite direction, but frankly so would everyone.

Relax and enjoy the weekend, America is going to remain America for a long, long time.
It's not a self regulation issue if they just don't consider profanity a big deal. Maybe a lack of creativity in vocabulary but that's a different issue.
>primary difference between then and now

is that there is little choice and even less variation
What deltas? Commits are full snapshots.

The only time deltas come into play are in pack files, and those store objects in completely arbitrary order.
What a great novel.
Swearing too much comes across as trying to seem cool or tough, and it usually has the opposite effect.
Thanks, will be much more comfortable passing this one to my juniors!
It’s only addicting if your into STEM and are a technologist of some sort. What’s not to like about a steady stream of tech and programming news to mull over? That said, it’s not all tech and some posts are just something to gratify intellectual curiosity. If you are addicted, take a break from it and come back to it when you’re able. You’ll enjoy it more I promise.
And after that you felt competent to do your own repairs? If so I know what I am doing the next few weekends.
Good job. Git reflog in particular will save many a developer their lost work
404 page of Croatian President is hilarious
link: https://www.predsjednik.hr/uredprh
Also: we are all less intelligent than someone, so treat people right because soon it will be your turn.
A Canticle For Leibowitz (1959) [pdf]

https://d-pdf.com/book/3997/read
Wait, so competent design includes making decisions assuming that users know how to use a 3 button mouse correctly? Including, for example, that middle clicking the title bar sends a window to the back of the stack?

Seriously? Anyone who designs a general purpose operating system based on that assumption probably shouldn’t be designing general purpose operating systems.

And that’s just the first one. The next complain is that middle clicking selected text allows copy pasting without using the clipboard. So apparently good design is having a clipboard but also not a clipboard.

Gnome designers may be incompetent (considering that nearly every OS is building on that, if they are, they are at least more competent than nearly everyone else in the Linux design world), but these are not signs of their incompetence.
No, in reality you have to pay a few thousands bucks to read the full data report (there are links in the pdf).
This piece was written as if it had lived a year in my mind.

Every time I take a vacation, I spend much less time plugged into the world. Each time, I come back refreshed and more in touch with myself.

The phone and our collective reliance on them is not healthy. It will take some collective effort for me, and some of my friends, to try to plan events more regularly, in order that I am not feeling the need to have my phone with me so much.

I'm also going to make a few more MP3 discs for my car, which thankfully has a CD player (2014 model).

I can't emphasize enough how important it was for me to read this article. At least I know I'm not alone.
As far as I understand fusion, it's pretty much like fission but without any of the nasty nuclear waste or other problems.

Sure, tritium ain't the most fun, but it's half life is a lot less than what the ol' Fukushimas dump out.

Also, I thought that when things go wrong with fusion plants you get, like, maybe some really hot stuff dumping into a special wall or something. I don't know, sounds not the most fun, but bearable. This is as opposed to fission, where if things go wrong you get a reason the Soviet Union fell apart.

So, knowing that tiny amount, I figure that more countries and their voters are on board with fusion, more so than with fission. Meaning that those pesky political problems are lessened and therefore we can reap the economic benefits that both fusion and fission give.

But all that's beside the original point that tech does influence things positively. I was just using my little tiny bit of knowledge and pulling fusion out of thin air as an example.
Probably not, no; because to cross the corporate power broker is to invite their wrath. It will make future asks of them impossible, or at least costly.
I moved also with 50 for 3 years, and it made sense to me then. Of course I'm happily back.

NY pays good, the rest in the East not so, comparable to Germany. Living in third world countries is always interesting.

free-lancing is easy, but also easy to find (and loose) a job. you'd might get a H1-B, which means you would be tied to a company. Or a O1, then you are free to choose. everybody can get a O1 there, you just need some references of excellence. eg for dancing in strip clubs, or doing DJ'ing.
But now you have options, whenever you don't wanna be quite so happy. Nice.
Probably because of new events or night life.
If your budget doesn't allow you to spend money while you're making money now, how's the quality of FI/RE life gonna be later?

A JCC/YMCA/gym membership is worth it even as an investment for your future health. Or go volunteer at your local food bank, or pick up a weekend retail shift.
You're delaying it to a one-time pain rather than for every commit in your rebase. I've stopped rebasing altogether and it's much more manageable.
To me the biggest sign that this is from a different era is seeing a Director personally generate something of value! It seems like leadership are all figureheads or apparatchiks or MBAs these days, usually subtracting from the mission rather than adding.

The cult of professional administration is the single most destructive thing in America today, in my opinion.
there wasn't a document when i worked on it, and it almost certainly has evolved in the many years since i looked at it, but here's a starting point: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/search?q=misbehaving
Not really:

https://web.archive.org/web/20170816111301/http://serenity-s...

https://web.archive.org/web/20170619192710/http://www.sereni...

Too bad Serenity Software appears AWOL.
You have made my point for me. "This command manages the information recorded in the reflogs." WHAT?

Of course everything has an obvious name if you have to learn everything about it. The point I am making is that the name ought to be obvious before you have to learn everything about it. "Undo" is a reasonable choice if you barely understand what git is for and "reflog" is not. Once you master a system and agree to all of its axioms and warts, it's all logical from the inside. That's true of almost any system, though.
There are different levels of privacy. The government coming into your home is a much different violation of privacy than the government coming into your body.
https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/vienna-is-the-new-h...
Selling to startups is not the same as selling to SMBs
Why is it hilarious?
The angle is that systems to overcome this limitation have lacked for (a) economic reasons and (b) political will. Both clearly now are less of an issue due to the shortage of grain on the global market due to the war.
> American armed forces and weapons (and our tax dollars and political system) are what protect all of you from annihilation.

While this sounds like something Otto said in A Fish Called Wanda, I can assure Europeans that many Americans actually believe what he is saying.

Of course we can look at the history of the US in Europe. Operation Gladio (
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Gladio ) was established to start a guerrilla war in Italy or France if the parties elected were not aligned with the rulers of the US (the US barely tolerated De Gaulle). The US intervention in Italian politics in 1948 exceeded Russian meddling in Czechoslovakia that year. The CIA spied on and stole Airbus plans for US business and does this regularly for other industries. And not to forget spying on Merkel's phone calls and all of this...as the US assistant secretary of state Victoria Nuland famously said in 2014 "fuck the EU".

Also, someone would have to be naive to think the US is acting in the current situation out of enormous benevolence to the Ukraine. It is, among other things, working on accomplishing what it wants to achieve for its own benefit in western Europe.
"Walkability" on things like this doesn't mean that there are sidewalks you can take a stroll down, it means that essential and desireable services (like grocery stores and restaurants) are within walking distance of most residences, and there's transit service that makes up for what lacks.

If it was just about "can you go for a walk" twisty-turny suburbs would get the highest imaginable walkability score, because you can get lost in those for hours and never see a car. Or any other useful destination, for that matter.
In some East Asian cultures, there isn't really a concept for a "nerd" (or conversely, a "jock"). People just learn what they can, and exercise in whatever ways they can. It's recognized that there are different ability levels in both, but they're not considered opposite parts of a spectrum.

If you try to translate "nerd" to Chinese, for example (https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=4505), there isn't really a neat translation... one of the closer translations would be something akin to a "bookworm", but even in that meaning, it's more to describe someone who's deeply interested in a very esoteric topic (say, the springtime dietary preferences of Han dynasty peasants), rather than someone who's smart but socially and physically inept. If you just sit at home all day and study, people will tell you to get more exercise, but there's not really a term for that beyond "you should exercise more". It's not a taunt or a pejorative.

It's just not assumed that these are exclusionary spheres of being; you are expected to gradually develop your mental, physical, emotional, and social skills altogether, and a lot of the cultural development is in finessing out when to use which skills, whether you're a warrior or politician or emperor.
If They Want to Be Published, Literary Writers Can’t Be Honest About Money
rga (ripgrep all) is basically rg (ripgrep) for binaries.
I think it's a normal reaction actually.

I feel a bit of the same thing and my idea is that it might be related to an uncomfortable feeling of not being sure about the nuance or value of a word. 'Shit' is a known word in terms of meaning but what value it carries in any given context is a bit fuzzy, it can be received very differently.
Excellent novel, had to buy it in hardcopy because it wasn't available on kindle.
I have no earthly idea what you are talking about wrt drivers licenses. It’d be a mere curiosity at first but nothing beyond that.
CPR training and certificate
> Los Angeles is way more diverse, on just about any front, than San Francisco.

LA has greater concentration of a single dominant ethnic/racial group (Hispanic, 48%) than San Francisco (non-Hispanic White, 40%).
> ...from the point of definition to the end of the scope..

Not sure what you mean. Is it about the fact that all variables are declared in the header of the procedure, i.e. not somewhere in the body as e.g. in C# or Java? This is actually the same with Active Oberon and Modula-3. In case you mean that the order of declarations is relevant, Oberon+ assumes at least a two pass parser by design; a declaration sequence can contain more than one CONST, TYPE and VAR section in arbitrary order, interleaved with procedures, and the order of declaration is not relevant; see e.g. https://github.com/oberon-lang/specification/blob/master/The... and https://oberon-lang.github.io/2021/07/16/comparing-oberon+-w...
But those gradients get averaged out, they don't stay separate for each input example.
Ask HN: What do you use for journaling
I’m trying to develop a habit to journal. So wondering what systems do you’ve in place for effective journaling.
Yeah, that's why interesting that they have a shortage. From friday you can only buy 50 liters per day. Some franchises limit it to 20.
For more of a process on how to get docs cycle through a dev review - The oxide computer RFD process - https://oxide.computer/blog/rfd-1-requests-for-discussion. I tried to use something similar for my team but got a lot of eye rolls that docs would need source control. We use a wiki but it's messy and not a lot of review control. Writing the doc is one thing. Making sure it's effectively communicated, reviewed, versioned and published should also be a part of the documentation process.

One pesky little detail is that documents take a lot of thought to write and this translates into a good bit of time to get a document out for review. If you have a "how fast are you closing your JIRA tickets" manager, it can be hard to justify and will come back to bite you (unfairly so, but such is the life of a sw. engineer).
It's an American thing. You're expected to drive from 16 on. Public transport is generally inferior to other developed countries, and carries an abhorrent level of cultural baggage. Being told someone rides the bus is seen as an insult (!) over most of the country.

Up until very recently, the big costs of running a car - 'gas', insurance, the car itself - were relatively cheaper in America than nearly anywhere else. Maybe now that Merkins are paying more for petrol their culture will adapt. However, cynicism would suggest a more Mad Max destination for us. We'll pry the guzzoline from their bullet-ridden bodies.
> The guys at Xerox PARC and Apple who invented the GUI knew this. The clowns at Red Hat don't.

The guys at Apple stuck to a 1 button mouse until about a decade ago. And here you’re calling designers incompetent because they’re not assuming users will know hot to middle click a title bar to send the window to the back.
> Once you can conceptual map the structure into the intended form

This is the problem. A tool that hides its internal structure but requires you to rebuild it in your head is poorly designed, full stop. The reason git is difficult to deal with is that it is a low level abstraction over the underlying data structure, but simultaneously hides that complexity until suddenly you need to be aware of all of it.
The Git book does a perfectly good job of this: https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2

I always recommended reading chapters 1-3 and skimming chapter 7 to people who are just getting started with Git.
To what end? Distributed? More features?
I'm sorry, but now it's too American...

jj
I've got an ipad in a drawer somewhere. Also work has been trying to push a macbook on me. After trying it I said no: I stick to my Fold, because I like it better, both for the hardware and the software.

It's smaller and does everything multiple separate device would be needed for.

> I had to painstakingly pick a location and name for each file.

First world problem lol!!

For old apps, I have an AHK shortcut to save files by ISO date. However, it's rarely a problem with modern apps. And if you close them without saving, most of them will bring back your unsaved work. Even Word does that!

> By tablet stuff, I mean reading, taking notes and sketching. No app ecosystem does it like iPad OS'.

For comics and mangas, I use Takiyomi (technically, it's an android app, but WSA makes it seamless)

For taking notes, I use ZimWiki and Windows stickies

For sketching, I use OneNote.

> The iPad was so much better at its task that it's not even funny.

We must have very different uses, because between even just Takiyomi+OneNote vs an ipad, indeed it's not funny for the ipad.

> That's on top of the regular Windows problems. I spent the first day just doing updates and disabling bloat

Well, don't look further for the root cause: "disabling bloat" often causes more problems. I only remove very specific things. For updates, I use Windows Pro and usually defer them until I want to reboot. When I read the problem people report with windows, it's like they live in a different world.

> Now I take my iPad everywhere, and if I intend to do more work, I pack my Macbook

I just take my Fold everywhere - nothing else is needed, but I've got a bluetooth keyboard for comfort if I want to type a lot.

On the Fold, I can draw with a Wacom pen - no need for a separate device like the ipad, because most windows tablet and convertibles also have a touchscreen.

If I need to work, I have Windows Terminal and everything I need to code. ZimWiki means my notes can be converted to HTML and published.
Because it's a dirty, messed up hell hole, in comparison to the rest of Germany.
LogSeq has been great for all of my note and journaling needs. I tried Obsidian also, but the outliner format is a much better fit for me.
ahh yes, there's some confusion here. it's not 51 percent of the entire network, it's 51 percent of the hashpower.

it's true that much of the hashpower is concentrated in the hands of a few pool operators, but if i recall, some "getblocktemplate" upgrades that took place around 8 years ago reduced the level of control that the pool operators have. that is, individual participants in the pool aren't mining blindly and would also have to collude. i'd have to look deeper to verify this though.

edit: to follow up, yeah it's true that stratum v1 relies on pool operators, but again it's monitored by gigantic metaphysical libertarian grizzly bears. getblocktemplate delegates transaction picking to participants, but it seems to be in less use and stratum v2 attempts to solve the issues with both.

i don't know what the main pools are using in practice (probably stratum v1 over ssl).
If you scale it up over 100%, you won't be in business for very long.