skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Do you know a lot of people who stand on top of tall towers during storms?

Otherwise, unless you know tens of thousands of people there is very little chance of knowing multiple people who have been struck by lightning.
Pinboard too. Pretty happy with it.
That’s unintuitive as hell, but of course Evolution doesn’t feel the need to construct things in a way that makes sense.
A human who will type out the fast inverse square root algorithm line by line won't be exempt from copyright/license infringement just because he remembered it from the top of their head. However, using the same concepts is likely to be fine outside silly jurisdictions where software patents are a thing.

The difference is that AI isn't able to grasp concepts, it's only capable of rehashing patterns. If it is able to understand concepts then it should be shut down and researched immediately, because it's either close to gaining consciousness or already has done so.

The core of copilot is a file or a block of memory laying out a bunch of floating points that get processed and turned into code. This arrangement of floats is derived from source code, with licenses and copyright notices.

I don't think it's any different from turning code into a compiled program. Any developer will understand that a compiled version of GPL code is a derived work and subject to the GPL license. Why would a compiler that turns code into floats be any different? Sure, those floats get mixed up with the floats from other source code, but linking to GPL'd code does something very similar and is also covered by the license.

It's possible to consider copilot similar to hashing: a SHA hash of a binary isn't subject to the binary's license, that'd be silly. However, hashes are inherently one-way, and copilot isn't.

A question I'd like to ask Microsoft is "if I steal the Windows source code and train an AI on it, can that AI be freely distributed and used for Wine/ReactOS/etc?" If Microsoft sticks to the stance that AI isn't subject to the licenses on software then a leaked source AI should be fine, but if they want to protect their intellectual property then they will send cease and desist letters to anyone even thinking about using such an AI model for code completion. My expectation is that Microsoft will act against such an AI.

Regardless, the fact that Github did not ask permission or provide an opt out before training started is a huge middle finger to all open source developers. Even if they can get away with this stuff legally, this approach has surely offended many open source developers who want big tech companies to abide by their code licenses. I don't do much open source work myself but I've been offended by the whole process from the day copilot rolled out and I don't believe I'm alone in this.
I disagree. Big data came associated with a new swap of algorithms. To big to handle? Use new algorithms, maybe not 100% accurate but can handle the load. And streaming data as opposed to static data.

The are a lot of approaches like Change Data Capture CDC or HyperLogLog - but the norm? Far from.

I think the marketing BS fell out of fashion when every database designer became a data scientist, but that's another issue.
The First 1.5TB MicroSD Card Is Coming to Destroy Your Budget
So cyclists measure their capability in terms of FTP - essentially what power output they can maintain at full throttle for an hour.

This hugely depends on body weight / gender / training levels etc., body weight being a big deal since that’s what you’re transporting. So the other way folks measure output is W/kg of body weight.

A beginner adult male will be in the 100-200W zone, around 0.5-1.5 W/Kg. Usually anyone can train themselves into the 200-300 (3-4 W/Kg) zone which is the recreational pace - the groups of cyclists you see on the road. Beyond 300 ftp (150lb body weight) (4-5 W/kg) you’re reaching race pace. The ones you see on screen have upwards of 5-6 W/Kg FTP output. They obviously have other constraints around putting this output at the end of a 200km ride for 20 mins etc as well, which makes it extra hard.

Finally we come to the KW numbers - all these folks have two kinds of muscles (fast twitch and slow twitch). The sprinters are saddled with a higher proportion of the kind of fibers that can allow huge spurts of power - they put out about 1000-1500W for about 5-10s. These are probably what you’re thinking of. This is pretty much an end of ride (or a sprint section) empty your tanks effort.

Semi related tidbit: track cyclists are a middle kind of beasts here: they put 600-1000W for a couple of minutes but don’t have to worry about riding 200kms to get there.
It could also be that the very departments that put out Crystal Pepsi and bad political candidates are well-stocked with the same type of people who buy them - but it's just a small market.

Or it could be that they tend to lean toward new stuff, and 80% of new stuff is crap, so 80% will be discontinued relatively quickly.
This kind of reminds me of when someone reverse engineers a piece of software to document interfaces, protocols or APIs for the purpose of writing compatible software. Then a second person not involved in the RE process implement compatible software from the documentation the first person wrote.

This is to avoid any contamination and verbatim copies of code. Once you have read a piece of code there is a risk of "contamination" and you will be influenced by it. It does not matter if you directly copy it, write it out from memory or use an AI to regurgitate it. It will be a copy of the code. To me this is very clear.
That's a choice people make, not an inevitable situation. Babylon Berlin for example, that's popular among people who aren't interested in a Hollywood-only diet. So is a lot of Japanese anime.
I’ve tried just about every app in the space (some great tools listed in this thread) and haven’t found one that works for me, so I’m building one!

My workflow is save for later focused (I tend to save content to read / learn from vs bookmark resources to visit) and now days I’m collecting content in so many different forms (podcasts, video, newsletters, etc). I’ve found that nobody has native support for every content form I save and it’s been a big pain point. We're focusing on nailing native support for all content types / sources and building tools to help you manage the forever growing list of content that can sometimes happen when your library grows!

It’s called Upnext (https://www.getupnext.com), happy to share invites with HNers in search of a tool in this space, email in profile!
Incredibly slow? It benchmarks a mere 2-3% behind Linux with Unixbench.
Two things:

1. It morphed into ML as the dirty secret to most ML projects is that they're predominantly about data. Put another way you can't derive a model from nothing.

2. You mentioned privacy scandals, but things like CCPA + GDPR legitimately did make larger corporations pause and ask "Do we actually need this information?" where prior to that everyone was a hoarder "just in case"
I agree that overdoing it is bad. I disagree that people shouldn't have jobs they enjoy just because you think that might make them overdo it.
I guess they would add some kind of filter to copilot output that removes results that clearly come from code that was DMCAd.

It's kind of like some employee that worked at Qualcomm and has seen the code. Do you retrain him (aka hit his head until he forgets) after leaving the company?

The comparison might seem silly but as AI advances I expect more and more arguments (especially in court) to come from analogies of humans and AIs.
Eclipse is one of the go-to places now for companies like this:

- They moved the foundation to Europe recently

- They have dedicated capacity to entertain relationships to commercial partners

- The reward structure for Eclipse membership is corporate-friendly (control+exposure)

It's a way to "do open source" that companies find easy to do because of the company-friendly interface and materials, but doesn't necessarily indicate much change to culture or way of working.
I have tried many different solutions the last two decades, but none of of them really stuck or became useful over time. I kinda gave up and as a last ditch effort started to do the simplest thing I could think of: ctrl+D to add bookmarks in Firefox, jotting down a few keywords on each entry. No folders, no structure, just a flat list and some keywords.

A few months in I noticed how powerful this simple system was. When talking with someone else about a tool, github-repo or article I had seen but did no remember the name or title of, finding it back was suddenly a breeze. Since I keep my desktop and mobile bookmarks in sync, it it just a matter of typing in a keword in the address bar in firefox and it shows up instantly!

On desktop, you can limit the search to bookmarks only by starting with a *, which is helpful to avoid browser history etc.

I have really low bar for adding a bookmark now as the mental overhead is so low and it is done notime. It has become the second brain I always wanted :)
Was going to say it reminded me of noms, only to realize it's a fork...

https://github.com/attic-labs/noms
These tools aren't really meant for developers. They are meant for researchers, analysts, and other "offline" users and managers of data sources. Data science research workflows generally don't need the same "dev/test/prod" kind of environment setup.
> Is every product user liable when a vendor ships some stolen code?

No, but the difference is the users of a product are typically not making and distributing copies. That’s not the case if you use someone else’s code in your project.
Did you read it? It literally has a "Use in antisemitic" section. Can you have any bigger red flag?

> Use in antisemitic polemic

> conspiracy theorist, David Icke, who states that the Israelians falsely claim to be descendants of the Biblical Jews

I don't really care about conspiracy theorists. Mainly because they ignore 2000 years of accepted archeology.
Shrug just about every service I want to run has an official image. I use a couple unofficial ones (e.g. Minecraft, and I think my Samba container—oh man, talk about being easier to configure than typical distro packaging—is unofficial) for my personal use and it's pretty easy to read the Dockerfile and build them myself, so that's not a big deal. At work, most any database or self-hosted service or anything like that has an official image.

So yes, it is.
Snowden's leaks are not enough for you?
I feel like a better FAQ would be "when you keep saying text, what do you mean? ASCII? UTF8?"
The Behind-the-Scenes Mess Now Facing the VC Industry
We're talking about reverse search, right? (Because "normal" image search still kind of works, it's reverse search that is completely broken.) In this case, you already have the copyrighted image, and if you find out that the same image is on Getty Images, then all the better as you can check it license. Also, it's better for GI as it gives them more exposure, and the kind of companies who use GI are very unlikely to pirate images.
I wrote a whitepaper refuting GitHub's arguments that Copilot is fair use: https://gavinhoward.com/2021/10/my-whitepaper-about-github-c... .
I meant the full sized one, with ports.
In React Native they now use the Hermes engine which can have the JS code precompiled into byte code.

https://reactnative.dev/docs/hermes#confirming-hermes-is-in-...
Now people throw everything in “data lakes”. It’s already so complicated to handle the ingestion that they don’t even want to try to do anything with that much data.
I was in KoC on Chesapeake. :wave:
So kind of like Mac and Windows users, but their smugness is warranted?
Some companies spend an inordinate amount of money and time to preserve the taste (Budweiser apparently has tasters who travel the various plants making sure it all tastes the same, like water should), but many other things have had significant drifts over time (and it's hard to compare as you need actual double/triple blind tests to even begin to get accurate data).
I’m equally curious. I read most of the first post and scrolled the rest of the headlines. Nothing remarkable stuck out, just a blog.
> Lightning bolts have very short durations

That is why you have to hit the cable at a very specific time. It's not that hard.
> Most of us carries at least 1 kg (~2 lbs) fat

It's a lot more than that. Even a fit (healthy, but not necessarily peak athletic shape) adult man will have about 15% body fat, 20% for a woman.
Hydrogen leak because it's damn small, so you tank can hold it as a not-watertight tank can hold water, for a certain amount of time but not forever. We have tempted various routes, micro-foams included, none succeed completely. Surely as long as there is no accumulation risk H₂ leaks are harmless, but you still loose something valuable for you.

kWh also matter MUCH: personally I can potentially produce just few grams of H₂ in a good sunny day from my p.v. witch happen to be perfectly capable of recharging an EV in a sunny day.

Try this: a classic home is cheap, but demand much energy. A modern one is far more expensive, but demand far less. Now if spending for good insulation, airtightness, relevant windows, VMC, water-heater with heat-pump + solar, a p.v. system and an EV means an initial investment of around 150% more than a classic house with a classic ICE, you can't pay it back much before EV battery is dead but anyway it's doable. If you want to add to the mix H₂ perhaps as a way to pass trough nights and non-sunny days the overall costs climb around 400%. It's essentially unsustainable for single individuals/families AND it's unsustainable for the society on scale. That's is.

Producing, compressing etc enough H₂ to power a personal vehicle means having a 20kWp p.v. at home and using the vehicle only in sunny days from spring to summer. All equipment's would costs twice the house itself. Try to do the math for a truck and even more for a plane. Also try to consider how much fuel-cells we can make on scale, since they ALSO demand rare and precious elements.
> In practice, you usually need to demonstrate that you were harmed by an action to bring it to court.

I think this is true for copyright infringement damages. But is a GPL violation a copyright or a contract issue? And unlike copyright, the fix isn't damages to compensate the rightsholder, but to uphold the license.

> So we would need the author of a GPL'd repository to sue, with proof that copilot copied and pasted their code.

What happens if multiple authors wait and see, and then jointly sue? At that point, removing a single repo isn't enough.
MrDoob has an excellent point about this:

https://twitter.com/mrdoob/status/1539740854956412929
i assumed at first it was the rubyist why, but nope. maybe next year.
Hitting the keyboard shortcut "." on a PR in GitHub to open it in a vs code web view is pretty great, and I find it a substantial improvement to the normal GitHub PR workflow, especially with large PRs. You can also install the GitHub PR extension in vs code to get the same experience locally, along with gitlens to get a nice inline blame.
Yes, it is. Alcohol shouldn't be allowed to be marketed either.
A touch too much lightly cynical and nihilistic. It's not sarcastic, but it feels like if it was, it'd be more honest.
Vanguard SOS
So your position is that you don't respect copyright in the first place, but your argument is that Copilot is effectively a case for free use.
There are definite arguments to be made in favour of pre-industrial / pre-agricultural society, shorter lifespans and lack of cures for various diseases notwithstanding.
> The average lightning strike contains about 1 million joules, enough energy to fry the founding father in his boots. “The typical house in the U.S. has 100 amp service or about 28 horsepower,” says Kirtley.

Boy do I get frustrated when using compatible units without conversion. The unit that I hate more than any other unit in the universe is the KwH, which is dimensionally equivalent to the Joule, so I don't understand why we don't just use that instead.

"The typical house in the U.S. has 100 amp service or about 28 horsepower" -- seems that it would be way more interesting to say that "the typical house has 100 amp service at 120V, which means 12,000 J/s".

The way the original quote is phrased (and the introduction of horsepower of all things) seems insane to me; the clarification adds zero value. You still haven't addressed the main question, which is "is the energy in a lightning bolt a significant amount of energy compared to household usage". For all I know 28 horsepower is 1,000,000 J/s, so a lightning bolt would only power a house for a second.

EDIT: as many commenters have pointed out, apparently most houses get 240V service, so just double the number above. Still, this is easily fixable, and the main point is that horsepower does not add any value to this discussion.
I had forgotten about Spanish pronunciation (more like "Lee-br-eh" than "Lee-br-ay" if memory serves correctly, but was about 35 years since doing a couple of years of Spanish in school so I won't be nearly as over-confident).

I was thinking of French and meant "the "a" is a schwa (ə)" when erroneously calling it a "short a", I never know the correct names for the different vowel sounds.

I'm really not sure how you arrived at "a pronunciation that I've never heard a single person use". I may have used wildly incorrect terminology, but given the star sign example I'm curious how you pronounce Libra that is so wildly different from "Lee-bruh" (being a reasonable approximation of French "libre")?
Well that was a spew of verbal diarrhea. Stream of consciousness about nothing important from someone I don't know. Maybe it's art.
Isn't the main reason against visual tools the underlying DSL that describes the overall system and then defines multiple views (on the various "C" levels) against it, with the ability to generate diagrams in a view different diagramming tools? If you switch to a visual diagramming tool, you lose that ability.

As for pricing, there's https://structurizr.com/help/lite, which is free, no?
In the download script, it skips parts of the model (02 and 83); any ML people have ideas why you'd do that?
People using duckduckgo bangs often use different search engines for different topics.

I usually try ddg first, if it's tech I use Bing, if it's local I use Google.
Demo-first looks good, it certainly tracks with my experience that building something needs to be shown off at every step to catch issues and get people excited.

I'm not sure how this includes fixing bugs and general maintenance though, short of showing one side of a video with the software crashing and the other not.
This might be blasphemous among LOTR fans, but I wish the Tolkien family would work with other authors to complete these stories. You can still publish all the drafts and notes you want, but I would love to see them written in a more digestible format. There is so much potential in all these stories.
If you do the Swedish Chef accent while reading this it makes it easier to understand.
IANAL but fair use is primarily about the public interest. What public interest is served by allowing proprietary software vendors to copy GPL code that's reserved for the commons?

I don't really think this argument passes muster.
I also know two people, my mother and a leader at my boyscout camp. Both wearing rubber-soled shoes and survived without needing hospitalization.

Maybe birthday paradox or something similar at play? Only 64 commenters but appears more common than your belief would indicate.

I bet if you are a regular golfer you would know more, and if you spend 100% of your time in a concrete jungle you would know less.
Since 2006, I’ve gone from:

Delicious → Ma.gnol.ia → Delicious → Pinboard/Instapaper → Raindrop.io
Wait, San Francisco has combined sewers, but they treat the combined sewage before it goes into the bay. Does London not treat their sewage?

The big problem in San Francisco is that during severe rainstorms the flow rate overwhelms the treatment plant so they have to dump the overflow. but at that point it is mostly rainwater so it's not quite as bad as it sounds.
Keepa (https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/keepa-amazon-price...) is a Chrome plugin that shows you the historical price of any product, injected into the Amazon page. I use it all the time!
> You can call data the new oil when someone invades a country to secure a data center

State-sponsored hacking for purposes of data exfiltration has been going on for years.
Pardon my ignorance, but given the complexity of Rust, the incoherence of the async story etc, wouldn't something like Zig be a more reasonable choice for Linux, with its ability to be introduced gradually etc?
"underperforming" could be "went up 100% whilst other places tripled".
I'm not a lawyer, nor very well versed in the vast world of licenses and their definitions in court contexts, but I've been wondering about something with the growing appeal ML-generated content has for the average person (and the "high" barrier for entry in the market) — are licenses in some form or another going to adapt to this phenomenon? From a brief search, I have not found any new license with a no-dataset-usage clause (assuming fair use does not apply, that's another big question). What are the chances anything of the sort will become an option for any "creative" work that's usually shared freely (such as artwork, code, et cetera) even despite copyright? What about the ownership of the dataset? It seemed to be questionable years ago already that possibly IP-protected content goes through the black box and resembling material gets on the other side, whose ownership is it really? I'm guessing some notable court cases in the future could define this in the following years if the popularity continues growing.
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Just reading certain code is enough to taint a human programmer though. Some companies have policies against hiring developers with experience on some OSS projects because they have their own clean room implementation they want to protect.
Considering existing code already has vulnerabilities, some of which were used to train Copilot I think it's possible but not efficient in terms of success rate.

But if they continue to ignore license terms I can see someone create repos with intentionally Copilot-incompatible licenses and watermark it so they can prove the license terms were violated.
I find the proposed solutions in the article quite sensible and fair:

> Allow GitHub users and repositories to opt-out of being incorporated into the model. Better, allow them to opt-in. Do not tie this flag into unrelated projects like Software Heritage and the Internet Archive.

> Track the software licenses which are incorporated into the model and inform users of their obligations with respect to those licenses.

> Remove copyleft code from the model entirely, unless you want to make the model and its support code free software as well.

About the last point: Many of the larger corporations avoid copyleft code entirely or only use it in ways that avoids the viral nature of them. So I have to assume that Copilot would also be avoided for the same reasons by the same corporations until they can opt out.

Free software is already being exploited and violated in various ways by various actors and Copilot seems to be a tool that makes this even easier. I think it will be interesting to see where this issue goes.
Precisely. I don't see a difference between what Google indexes on its search engine, and what CoPilot can recommend. Google has been and still does get slapped on the wrist when they don't respond to take down requests. It seems this is missing from CoPilot currently, and will open them up to a number of lawsuits in the future if it continues to operate as it does.