skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
That's entropy for you. On a cosmic scale, we are currently living in the universe's First Age. Maybe even Second Age. Stars are still being born, we still have supernovas, the light of distant galaxies still reaches us.

On the other hand, Population II and III stars, the ancient supermassive stars who fused the metals that enabled the birth of Population I stars and the formation of planets, are all extinct now. Only the light of distant specimens, which has traveled for more than half of the univere's existence, still bears witness to their reign.

But at one point, we will enter a Third Age. Light from distant galaxies will dim. Light from the earliest moments in history will grow too far to reach us as the universe unceasingly expands faster and faster. Still, our own little corner of space is still alive, stars still emerge. But they are dim and weak compared to the stars of old. When they die, they bloat and fizzle out. The last supernova in the galaxy was billions of years ago. It will remain like this for a long time.

And then we enter a Fourth Age. The universe is dying. Fuel has ran out for new star formation. Even on the best nights, the majority of the night sky is pitch black. Black holes outnumber everything else. Except for a few galaxies, the rest of the universe is out of reach. The expansion has reached such a velocity that even travelling at the speed of light you will never reach another region of the universe ever again. Every day, another light goes out in the night sky, never to be replaced. This process is slow. The universe's death is immensely slow and dragged out. But it's not inhospitable to life. The vast majority of stars in this age are small, but exceptionally long-lived. They can support planets, and all the elements necessary for life. Seeing as life will eventually arise if the environment supports it, the universe will be booming with it. The overwhelming majority of all that will ever live will live in this Fourth Age. Cosmologists call it the Degenerate Era. To the species living in this age and their civilisations, the mysteries of the universe will forever be inaccessible. They can only observe the diminutive, extinguishing fragment of the universe, now spread out across distances many orders bigger than they are today. It will be a very populated, yet lonely universe.

Eventually, the universe will die. Stars will flame out one after another. Planets will freeze. This phase dwarfs even the Fourth Age. It lasts seemingly forever. Slowly, the atoms in all that exists decompose as even their age starts to show. The universe itself becomes fundamentally incompatible with life. Only black holes seem unaffected.

But even they are slowly dying. Ever so slowly. Not that it matters. Once time itself has lost all meaning, they start to slowly evaporate, until the universe is just a dead sea of energy, with naught but tiny ripples born from quantum randomness.

After that, it will take an infinity of time for anything to happen. But anything can happen, and maybe, eventually, by pure quantum randomness, all the energy in the universe may coalesce into one point, and it can all start over again.
He talks about code, and Copilot works with code, so I'm not sure how it "applies to any".

If you mean that if you make a "random mashup of existing, copyrighted, hegerogenously licensed" works of art (audio/video), it also applies that you might be sued for it, then yes.

But that's not much of an issue with Copilot if you're using it for enteprise code that's already a mashup of copypaste "existing, copyrighted, hegerogenously licensed" and that you wont release and nobody will see anyway.

Whereas audio/video you generally want to release.

If you make them for your own consumption, then it's my response that rather applies: since nobody will see it, and you don't release/sell/circulate it, you can go ahead and mix Michael Jackson, Disney and Star Wars material - nothing will happen to you.
As to your first point, there are many repositories on github that the author of code did not upload there or where not all contributors to the code are on github or agreed to let their work be used in such a case.
What sort of machine can run this model?
Trivia: In the year 2000 a book with that name was published for the Spanish speaking market.

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_ca%C3%ADda_de_N%C3%BAmenor
I'm not sure what do you mean by "theft-less" but I believe you might be conflating inspiration with derivative work: Copilot can produce verbatim copies of open-source code, this would make it more similar to how some musicians sample other people's music to create new music.
Interactive TypeScript Type Debugger
Well if A is absurd and generally considered impossible, then it's still a strange thing to say in this context, even if it would be a valid statement in formal logic.
The difference is that required a local install, and this doesn't. In practice, browser plugins are dead, because of corporate security policies and the fact that desktop-environment knowledge is slowly disappearing from the population at large (people don't know how to safely install things, and don't want to know, they prefer the walled-garden one-click model).
You cannot compare these two situation.
Decriminalization and full legalization is what we need to combat the drug problem. Essentially all of the harm comes from prohibition not the drugs themselves, I'm saying this as a neuropharmacologist. That's one of the super shitty policies that we love in the US
If by running models you mean just the inference phase, then even today you can run large family of ML models on commodity hardware (with some elbow grease, of course). The training phase is generally the one not easily replicated by non-corporations.
Nvidia DGX
GitHub Copilot is a paid feature, but that's a red herring in this discussion - people are free to monetize free software, neither or the major licenses forbid this.

GitGub Copilot is an advanced autocomplete / code generation system, based on a machine learning model. The code used for training the model is taken from projects hosted on GitHub. These projects were published under different licenses.

The main questions are:

Some of the licenses need something from you if you create a derivative work. Does the Copilot training itself count as creating a derivative work?

Sometimes the autocomplete basically quotes the original code. Does the original license then apply to the autocompleted / generated code too? How much of verbatim code quoting does it need for the result to be considered a derivative work?
The purpose is deterrence, not punishment.
Not sure why I'm being downvoted here - I agree that this idea has been the same for most of history.

Your example of folk music is an odd one, for exactly that reason - it largely repurposes existing art. For example, Wagner wrote extensively about why we shouldn't respect folk music for this reason. I mostly disagree with him, but his comparison at least illuminates that this isn't so black and white. And that's really just scratching the surface of a complex topic.

I sense that if someone came along 2400 years ago with the exact play that Sophocles had just produced and claimed they had just composed it themselves, immediately after a public performance, someone would claim that theft had occurred. Do you disagree?
I'll just drop this here, my favorite Ultima Online comic ImaNewbie:
https://www.imanewbie.com/main/mainframes.html

So many fond memories...
Computer chip subsidies face a make-or-break moment in Congress
If you pay a shady character to get you a modern laptop for $100 you can't claim that you were unaware that it was most likely stolen and the fact that you paid for it something doesn't absolve you morally.
>Al Gore is not a climate scientist so why would we really listen to his predictions.

Wait a minute, do you think Al Gore was, or even claimed to be, the person doing the research he was popularizing?
> The hard discussion is about what is acceptable

What if we just say "both"? Libraries were a thing for millenia and writers still wrote books. There are costs to IP laws and the benefits aren't obvious.
Alexa, can we design gamification without a screen?
> otherwise people won't have incentive to invent, it'll just be stolen from them

Citation needed. Speaking personally, I spend most of my creative energy on a project which is open source and permissively licensed to the point where I’m fine with anyone stealing it. I expect to earn negative money from it at the limit.

Why do I do it? I dunno it’s fun. Can’t that be enough?
No, The Nature of Middle Earth was done by Carl F Hostetter.
Copilot understands concepts as well as may humans. You can see primitive versions of this in the old Word2Vec demos showing how those models understand how London:England ~= Paris:France

Copilot is much more sophisticated than that, and it no more copies code than a human does. It generates on a character by character basis given the contextual probability of the next character conditioned on the previous set of tokens with the "heat" being a factor how how randomly it will choose characters.

This is much more similar to how a human writes than "copying".
>I sense that if someone came along 2400 years ago with the exact play that Sophocles had just produced and claimed they had just composed it themselves, immediately after a public performance, someone would claim that theft had occurred. Do you disagree?

Yes. They would say it was "plagiarism", which is different than theft.

And there was no law against either case.
That's definitely the future, personalized entertainment and social interactions will be big. I could watch a movie made for me, and discuss it with a bunch of chat bots. The future will be bubbly as hell, people will be decaying in their safe places as the hellscape rages on outside.
The point of this Tweet is about licensing. When using an MIT licensed library for example, you would have to give attribution. But you can easily rewrite portion of that library yourself using Copilot, which could potentially use code from the initial lib, without any attribution or whatsoever. It's even more problematic with licenses such as the GPL.

I guess Copilot could address this by checking the licenses of the projects it uses. Even when combining code, it could pull in the required attribution or avoid GPL licensed code (unless enabled) for example.
The virtualization that WASM does is actually cleaner than what other similar attempts do. In a field where implementations typically end up being a thin veneer over JS objects (which means you typically end up having to get your hands dirty and work with JS bits here and there), WASM should clear the slate clean enough for most uses, so if you write Python and target WASM, you'll not have to write a single line in JS (well, maybe a standard cookie-cutter loader while the thing downloads the first time, but that's it).
You might find "the Ordinary" brand from Deciem appealing (or Niod for more exotic ingredients), simple products with ingredient concentration specified.
Yeah, we never really got to see the third age at its prime. We just know that the rise of Gondor came with a millennia of peace and prosperity for the west before things stalled. In the same way the period just before and after the collapse of Rome was not the best, but that doesn't mean it was worse than ancient civilisations at its peak.
Why angstroms and not picometers?
Wernher von Braun would disagree
It's not the same internally. Imagen is diffusion model, Parti is autoregressive. Research at Google is quite decentralized, but IMHO it is wise of them to pursue both approaches. At this time it is very unclear what would the successor of GANs be, but probably one of these two approaches, or some refinement.
Now we just need someone to figure out how to compress the model to get similar performance in 10B parameters.

I assume some of the services that offer GPT-J APIs will pick this up, but it doesn't look cheap or easy to get this running.
Hi Vladimir! Good to see we are in sync. Glad to see Kagi doing well as well.

For the record, when I said "long before Kagi was even announced to the public." I meant exactly what I wrote, not that Kagi did not exist, it did.
No, I will not be surprised. Outliers are outliers.
"Art" created by AIs will just have price (and cost) of ~0 and, like everything that has a price/cost of 0, nobody will give a sh*t about it. The only real question is how will human artists (provided they exist in your preferred dystopia) will prove that they have created something themselves.
I would agree with you if the AI was genuinely assisting with that task, but it isn't.

It's taking inputs, ignoring their licenses, permuting them in ways that are not understandable to the user, and then outputting them.

That's an entirely different task than the user reading SO or using Google and then writing their own code, because the "AI" is not capable of writing its own code at that level.

Relying on this tool means ignoring the license of code that you're copying, without even knowing that you're doing it.
>It is not naivety to have a passion (expressed as their work) and to be taken advantage of

It is. It totally is naivety.

I find it incredibly odd that if someone goes to, say, a Brazilian slum showing off their expensive stuff people are fine with labeling them naive when (not if) they get robbed

Some people have been so sheltered from reality that they'd put their hands in the mouth of a lion and be surprised when the lion bites it off. At some point it is indeed naivety. And on this specific case it's not even like said billionaires are trying hard to fake decency
They have the most important thing: content.

Nintendo games are of very good quality. They have a ton of IP, the attach rates of their games are unmatched in the other consoles as well. If they keep doing what they are doing they’ll be fine.
Plus, that's the energy costs involved when running a computer now worth 60k, I'm pretty sure that in the current socio-economic climate those power costs will surpass the initial acquisition cost (those 60k, that is) pretty easily.
Yandex has a news block right in the middle of its front page. Only "approved" news sources could be shown there.
For people not specifically searching for recent updates on a topic or particular media outlets it represents the news.
As far as I remember they wanted to remove this block instead of completely instead of censoring, but they were not allowed to. I think it was described in one of the documentaries about Yandex, but my memories are vague now.
"Chef developers are the highest paid but Chef is also the most dreaded other tool." maybe there is a correlation, they receiving a compensation to work on such tool?
> The “code” is the easy part.

This is an understatement. Main problems are versioning, collaborating, maintenance.

Coding is like writing a story with other authors, with each chapter inspired by /writing-prompt, and publishing the whole book with new ISBN for every typo.

If app-publishing is fast, {no|low}-code wins. The obvious caveat being, that it is not a full fledged system where you can build yet another no-code platform on top of it.
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11722514
Or maybe the AI will own big companies that build bigger models for it. /s
I don’t know for you, but most of my online interactions are text based. Context of interpretation matter far much than the form of the content. If you know it’s easy to fake text exchanges, you might be more careful about text origin, and other contextual hints. Even it’s the syntax imitate your children verbal oddities, you may not necessarily run to comply thoughtlessly to an unusual demand you just receive by SMS from their phone number. Trust and check.
To think that somebodys underpaid job somewhere is to prerip jeans for us. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TWhYdXNaDL0
The cultural zeitgeist has reached another level of loopy, particularly since twenty-twenty. Doing my best to find humor in the absurdity, of a world a bit broken.
I started playing around with UOX late 90s then with a shorter-lived one called CFuse.
Then I moved to POL where I did some scripting and finally RunUO where I worked on a customised server for a long time until my "great data loss of 2002" where I managed to wipe a disk containing everything I had been working on, among lots of other things :-)

I found a nice timeline of the different server emulators here: https://www.uox3.org/history/timeline.shtml
That's a pretty bad example. He prompted it using the exact function header taken from the code he is complaining about.

It'd be much more interesting if he setup a function that was doing a similar thing but with different parameter types and names, and a different order of parameters (ie, like a real problem).
The number of people here saying "I know it's warmer because I feel it!" is funny, and perfectly demonstrates why these discussions are futile, even among so-called "smart people".
I neither see it "stealing". The neuronal network was trained with code as input. It's creating code as output. The output has nothing to do with the input once it is trained. Do people dont know how neuronal network work?

It's like saying GPT-3 created text is copyright infringement, because some author used the same sentence in a book before.
"it no more copies code than a human does" < that's a very big call right there, considering how much verbatim copying has already been documented in Copilot. The primitive understanding Copilot has of what it is generating doesn't even approach that of the most average programmers. It's classic AI: impressive on the surface.
There's a meme about vegans and crossfit...
If I make a script and train it on Windows source code do you think MS will like it if I use that script on Wine ? I am sure MS will say the license did not allows it and your script transformations are not original, so GPL or similar license should be respected by Microsoft too.

>My position is that if a person hired in a company can currently use Google, Stack Overflow and GitHub to help develop their custom scripts, and no moral or copyright issues are infringed (ie, you don't try to say you came up with it on your own, and you use only enough that it is clearly fair use),

Only a judge will determine if it is actually free use, if you by change copied some super clever and unique code into your code base then I am sure a judge will not say it is fair use, copilot was proven it will do this(though MS said they put some IF-ELSE checks in the AI to prevent the plagiarism to be detected by removing obvious results and maybe obfuscating stuff more).

Maybe Stack Overflow license allows you to copy paste the answers in your code, but GitHub code has repo specific license that you need to respect.

If MS trained the model on all their private repos too and made the model free software then many would not have this issues. Or keep the model proprietary and train it only on the MS repors, BSD and similar licensed repos.
Weird Ive always found the opposite - E2E tests tend to make the fewest assumptions about the way the application is built.

In most cases we could literally rewrite the whole app in a different language and barely change the tests.

E2E tests do require a solid infrastructure though. If you have tooling problems you cant fix (e.g. you hit selenium's dark corners way too frequently because your web app is even a bit quirky) then maintainence cost can quite quickly exceed any benefit you derive.

Ive also hit this problem of "Id have to create my own equivalent of selenium for interacting with this app's interface" a few times and yeah, the required engineering effort to do it well explodes to the point where its just not worth it.
If you read the Old Testament, you'll find people living for centuries, miracles happening, and God intervening in matters all the time. But then people's lives grew shorter and life became boring and mundane.

The Christianity we know today was the state religion of the Roman Empire. It's core doctrines were agreed on in a council summoned by Constantine the Great. But then the great ancient empire fell. It was replaced by many lesser kingdoms, which tried to keep some old traditions alive, and the Church was the unifying force. But then the Church itself split apart, and the last remnants of the old empire fell to infidels coming from the east. And then the Church split again.

The idea that the world becomes lesser over time used to be a core part of Christian worldview. Industrialization changed that, but Tolkien considered the consequences of industry and technology a great evil.
Aflatoxin, a metabolic product of Aspergillus Flavus a fungus, was mentioned. Affects many badly stored foods. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin
Very toxic liver poison often associated with the aspergillus rotting peanuts.Assays for Aflatoxin as well as melamine and anything else are underway, so a definitive answer should come soon.
The idea of using spreadsheets is very clear, data in tabular form and charts. If that is the requirement, most low-code platforms would suffice too.

But, then the expectations are not articulated and managed properly, and management being management, thinks that they can retire grumpy oldies who build complex app in favor of low-code apps.
They don’t want to revise that text once the series is out.
> Pretty soon the world is going to come to realize art/creation is just blending, incrementing and repurposing prior art

If that happens, the big copyright/IP conglomerates will immediately jump on that and make sure that laws are adjusted and they get their cut of every single word and line anyone puts near their smartphones ;)