skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The distinction is a legal one: intellectual property can not be re-used without permission of the rights holder, be it a patent or a chunk of source code.

And you can bet that SpaceX using physics knowledge and cumulative rocket engineering knowledge are very careful to either license the tech they use or be very explicit about documenting their own.

That you can't see the difference is entirely on you, going 'against the flow' of society sometimes leads to change but more often it simply results in friction and a lack of comprehension.

Keep in mind that open source is based on copyright law, and without copyright law the protections that open source offers would be gone.

To give an extreme example: if you had a chunk of software that was constructed in such a way that it would spit out a complete copy of 'the Gimp' without the license file if you started to write an image processing program that would be a very clear case of copyright violation.

If you then start breaking the Gimp down into smaller and smaller re-usable fractions at some point you might be able to argue that such a generic and oft used snippet should be free of copyright. But that only works as long as you then don't string together a whole pile of pieces that you each copied somewhere else, the whole idea is that your creation is an original one.

Medical research (which quite often leads to patents, which I don't believe should be possible, especially if that research was publicly funded) and physics knowledge are of a different kind than copyrighted program code. The latter would be better compared to universally present language constructs and constraints, such as 'memory management', 'data manipulation' etc. Once you make those explicit in an implementation copyright applies.

Or, to make another analogy: it's like comparing the skill of writing to the product of that skill. The skill isn't protected, but the output of the act of writing is.
I might as well :p

¿En qué países están la mayor parte de sus trabajadores?
> Ok, then there doesn't exist a single reputable company with a tech division and we're all unethical. Have a nice unethical day.

I’m deeply disturbed that you think this form of plagiarism is universal — I can assure you that is not the case.

I work at a FANG currently, and plagiarism is absolutely not tolerated.

In fact, plagiarism has been considered a fireable offense at every other company I’ve worked at over my 25 year long career, and prior to that, considered a serious form of academic misconduct in school.

It’s clearly unethical and I’ve never plagiarized in my life.

I’ve only run into one instance of someone else plagiarizing code in my career, and that individual was fired.
Tolkien write about Sam:

"My ‘Sam Gamgee’ is indeed a reflexion of the English soldier, of the privates and batmen I knew in the 1914 war, and recognized as so far superior to myself."

https://johngarth.wordpress.com/2014/02/13/sam-gamgee-and-to...
> I don't see where the distinction is coming from

Humans use reasoning. Copilot just guesses the likeliest next word.

See the Quake's fast inverse sqrt code incident:
https://twitter.com/mitsuhiko/status/1410886329924194309
Is there a reason that the official version of 7zip still refuses to incorporate Zstd compression?
I've done it, and I know others that have, but I think it depends on people's definitions of copy/paste.

I've certainly copied a sort anonymous function from SO, it was one-liner. Is that copy/paste? or is it only copy/paste if it's X lines?

Otherwise I agree, usually I just get hints and go my own way.
You could just run this on a desktop CPU, there's nothing stopping you in principle, you just need enough RAM. A big memory (256GB) machine is definitely doable at home. It's going to cost 1-2k on the DIMMs alone, less if you use 8x32GB, but that'll come down. You could definitely do it for less than $5k all in.

Inference latency is a lot higher in relative terms, but even for things like image processing running a CNN on a CPU isn't particularly bad if you're experimenting, or even for low load production work.

But for really transient loads you're better off just renting seconds-minutes on a VM.
Yeah. US developers might create great software but due to the Cloud Act, Patriot Act and whatnot you don't want to use it for anything that's not public data at first. It's just not protected against unauthorized access.
If it's minus a license then it should be assumed that rights are retained (in the same way you can't just take ownership of an image you find on the internet) so if it were filtering it shouldn't take code from repo's without explicit and favorable licenses. If it is taking code only from repo's with permissive licenses (e.g. MIT) then why aren't they following the attribution requirements?

I don't think you can have your cake and eat it on this one.
It's the same in the US.

Partly caused by a lot of well-intentioned policies aimed to get kids to eat healthier. But some kids are picky eaters and just won't eat. For example, a dumb policy required that every kid take a fruit or vegetable with their meal, which many just proceeded to throw out.

Furthermore, schools had to serve healthier food but with the same low budget, yet healthy food is often more expensive. So schools ended up selling gross "low-quality" healthy food instead of regular junk food. Like fruit which is almost spoiled, or something which literally looks like slop or nutraloaf. Most schools are severely understaffed and underbudget and their kitchens don't have much, they're not making steamed vegetables or grilled chicken or quinoa, they're making overcooked frozen vegetables and meat trimmings.

What's the solution? Obviously it's not just reverting back to junk food, as kids really need to eat healthier, of course it's allocating more money to the schools for providing meals. Also I think schools could do a lot just by having more variety and allowing kids to take more variable portions: kids who don't like the food just take less or none at all, kids who need the food can take extra. But idk, it's bureaucracy and I don't expect it to get much better. Some schools already have their lunch program down: they serve genuinely great-quality food while maintaining low budget and effort. And some schools are just terribly managed and the faculty just don't care and the lunch dept is putting in the minimum effort to not get yelled at by state/feds with no regard to what they are actually serving or whether it's edible.
Ask HN: Any decent jobs that one can coast through?
Are there any jobs or industries that are easy and on ecan just coast in? I'm tired of my current company always wanting to squeeze more out of me without more pay. I'd rather have an easy job that I can just coast at instead of constant politics and pressure to advance.
Incremental Builds for Haskell with Bazel
What percentage of American inventions and scientific developments post WW2 were led or influenced by former Nazi scientists?
A recession could kill the work from home revolution
The Cloud is just someone else's computer
polio vaccine is reasonably widespread, I don't expect that most proffeshional immigrants would be missing it. i woupd be more concerned about the recent trend of 'conciencious objection' against vaccines

GPs could do a better job of asking for your vaccine record and actually checking if its up to date though. I only found out that one of my vaccines was outdated (they need to be done again every 10 years) because I spesifically was checking my vaccines for travel.
Everyone wonders where the productivity gains of the internet are (beyond the obvious "amazon and aliexpress exist") and I think so much of it is in these very difficult to explain places.

I'd argue that elite climbing is a post-scarcity activity. I suppose it always was... in a way, the question starts to become, how accessible can we make it, and to who?

Paradoxically both the "decolonizers" and the "imperialists" (e.g. capitalist maximisers) are likely to be unsatisfied with the idea that it's basically a status economy now; people share tricks voluntarily because they love the work and the cred of introducing something novel and sharing is worth more than having secrets. Climbing is bought and paid for in climbing reputation which is only very loosely related to the "real" economy.

When a broader range of humanity is introduced into reputation economies that can look like demand destruction since it suppresses demand for certain kinds of easily measured economic activity and replaces it with activities and value that are harder to measure (not primarily $ denominated).

[All this ends up looking like people getting pissed off because ideologically unaligned people benefit from climbing just getting easier, which in general terms IMHO should be looked at as a good thing because human capability is increasing. Yes there will still be a lot of hocking gear and sponsorships in the meantime, reality is messy].
I don't consider copying a 3 liner from stack overflow and not writing an attribution plagiarizing (regardless if technically speaking it is or isn't according to the law).
To be clear, I am not labeling your commentary armchair criticism because you are supposing that spam on Google is more prevalent in recent times, but because you are so confidently asserting that it is easy to fight spam at the scale and quality Google is operating at.

Since you haven't provided any qualifications/past experience, I am not convinced at all that it's as easy as you say it is.
The problem is that sleep does so much, that even trying to create a list seems impossible, but some try: https://www.healthline.com/health/why-do-we-sleep

Sleep has been researched heavily (but far from conclusively), and there is an insane amount of diseases that people who don't get enough sleep are a risk group for. And some of those correlations are quite pronounced, like being ~30% more likely to get dementia if you don't get enough sleep in your 50s and 60s.

In some cases nobody can conclusively say whether there's causation, because we don't fully understand diseases like alzheimer or some of the processes happening during sleep, but in the meantime it seems prudent to sleep a healthy amount.
The dream of the 90s is alive in the GPU market: https://aiimpacts.org/2019-recent-trends-in-gpu-price-per-fl...

Moore's law didn't stop, just Dennard scaling. Expect graphics and AI to continue to improve radically in performance/price, while more ordinary workloads see only modest improvements.
IMHO the novelty factor of “learning something new” vs most other social media emphasize on empty content.
https://organicmaps.app/ replaces Google Maps on my mobile phone
The Western empire ended with a whisper, not a bang. The estate system was already firmly in place, Diocletian's reforms were the foundation of feudalism, "nations on the march" (Franks, Vandals, Goths) had long ago settled in the empire en-masse.

The fall of the West was changing the name on the door. Theodoric could have been a western emperor for all intents and purposes. Even the institutions remained pretty much unchanged.

The only real distress was that the loss of Northern Africa as the breadbasket for Rome meant that Rome itself continued to shrink/decline (a process which had been underway for a long time by the end), and that was only because of the lack of a grain dole, which had been in place for 500ish years anyway, because even the late Republic had significant problems with wealth inequality.

If you want to talk about economic downturns, currency devaluation after mining all of the silver in Iberia, the crisis of third century, independent administration of the East and concentration of the wealth of Egypt/Syria into Constantinople, and the amount of wealth which went into keeping up auxillia/mercenaries are better targets, and those all long predate the fall of the west.
I'm disturbed you believe regurgitating code snippets is plagiarisation.
> You have to step through the breakpoints, right?

This seems to be a common misunderstanding, but debuggers generally also support logpoints (print statements that you can add/remove on the fly without having to close, compile and restart the application).
i could be completely wrong here, but the concept of donating money to politicians or political parties seems to me (as a european) to be mainly an american thing.

though i guess even there it's probably a rather small percentage of the population that actually cares enough about individual candidates to donate money to them.
If this were true, then they would have trained it on all of MS's proprietary source code too.
What about us that are not Americans?
I don't think that's true and, if it was, it would be the death knell for open source.

Code Plagiarism is taken very seriously by every company I have worked with. Multiple companies have been sued for violating the GPL. The SFC is currently fighting Vizio in court for example. While not commonplace, to say it's "almost impossible" is a stretch. Every large company complies with code copyright obligations for a reason. My company publishes changes to GCC and a dozen other GPL projects. Entire products like Protocode and BlackDuck exist to ensure code compliance. Even small code snippets are flagged.

Over the past few years the source code for Windows, SQL server, Bing and Cortana have all been leaked. If someone built a product using that code, how long do you think it would take Microsoft to sue? CoPilot is one rule for mega-corps and another for everyone else.
In The Netherlands, children are vaccinated before the age of 1 against (among other) polio since 1962. Vaccination degree is around 95%. There's an interesting tidbit about uptake in strict Protestant circles when there was a polio outbreak in the 1970s: after severaldeaths, they finally agreed taking it orally, as an injection was taboo.
No copyright issues in the sense that no entity is likely to ever pursue the matter, sure. But copying and commercially using someone else's nontrivial bit of code that doesn't have a license that says you can is quite blatantly a copyright violation.
> what github / microsoft is counting on here is that open source developers do not have enough collective power to do anything to stop this

I think it much more likely that they count on everyone liking it way too much to give a shit about their MIT code not being attributed correctly.

I certainly don’t. MIT just seems like the most convenient license for people that need licenses (corporations?), so that is what I use.
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It depends on what you need. In most cases the code on StackOverflow is not exactly what you need, so you need to understand it in order to adapt it. But if you're looking for a specific well-defined algorithm (MD5, say) then you can just copy & paste it.
Totally not my field, but why wouldn't they be programmable? Analog FPGA's already exist.
Are you suggesting we can use OSS and not follow the terms required by its license?

If not, then you do have to license your entire work under GPL if you incorporate GPL code and distribute it.

If yes, what kind of environment do you think you're promoting? Is it positive for the development of the industry, and to society in general?
Yeah, it's for boring problems. Drawing a circle or detecting a specific format of number in some string, for example.
> Wow. Is that intelligible to native speakers?

No, it isn't, but it doesn't need to be because we already know the correct words.
Nonetheless, the immortals (including Ilúvatar, but mostly their underlings) messing with the world was a lot more prevalent in the first and second age. The third age was kind of a transition to the age of men, which finally came by in the fourth. So for humans progress was definitely positive overall if you don't just look at the cataclysms.
It had it a lot earlier, and built up a significant library and ecosystem of C modules fast enough to reach critical mass first. This matters because a bigger ecosystem and community creates a feedback loop that generates further resources and adoption. It's the ecosystem that's the game changer.

I'm not a C developer, so for me if the question is, can I call out to a C module that implements capability X, the answer to that is much more likely to be yes for Python than it is for Ruby.
Qanaon fanbois may be less popular.
It could be something as innocuous as "you allow your code to be analyzed, processed or otherwise handled by Github software" I suppose, which wouldn't raise suspicion.
Plagiarism isn’t a legal concept, it’s an ethical one.

You need to either attribute the source, or rewrite it in entirely your own words — just like when writing a paper.

Confirming to the license is also required; iirc, SO requires attribution under the CC-SA license.
That is not true

Like 1 Billion people in the world are native spanish or french speakers and understand libre verbatim. Add to that most people speaking a latin language will also understand it despite the slight difference in spelling. Most people speaking english know the word liberty and those that have an IQ higher than an oyster do figure it out easily.

Additionally you don't have to have a connection for a name to work. I mean there are a lot of software used by millions of people without them never ever thinking why they are called like that.
The hour you go to bed doesn’t matter. You need a regular sleep schedule with enough sleep and that’s it.
What people mean, without realizing it, when they say the hours before midnight count double is that your first hours of sleep are the most important. Your sleep consists of several cycles, +- 90 minutes long. There are several stages of sleep in each cycle, deep sleep is the most important one. You are probably most familiar with the last stage, REM sleep. You get the most deep sleep in the first cycles, so in the first hours of sleeping.
But it doesn’t matter when those first hours are, the body has no concept of midnight.
Yes, and its quite likely correct. Possibly why it's often raised!
Why Varada Joined Starburst
I'm sure there are lots of men who would want to be a stay at home dad.

I doubt it's a realistic option for the vast majority of men though.
H. L. Chace seems to have been a nonrhotic speaker.
Sometimes. Like Amazon, widely known for their workers and 3rd party vendor exploitation practices.

You can no more claim ignorance of where the github copilot code comes from than where the Amazon's low, low prices come from.

Whether you care is totally on you regardless of whether you pay ir not. You pay for product or service not moral absolution.
The devices themselves are closely related, but the marketing and sales are worlds apart. Most THC carts are marketed to adults as cannabis delivery systems. JUUL were targeted at children as harmless tasty fun and JUUL was deceptive about the amount of nicotine in the product. What took JUUL down was the reaction they generated to protect children from a habit forming product with documented harmful characteristics.
They call themselves consultants now.
At least in France it's combined with the tetanus one - I'd imagine it's the same in other countries too.
Adidas is especially extreme in this. I really loved the Adidas Chile, and recently the trimm trab, both gone. I will follow the upper persons comment ans byu 2-3 pieces when I like a shoe from adidas.
If this would work for stocks aswell...
https://xkcd.com/2270/
Losing the will to live != deciding it was time to leave (die)
I understand that the vaccine-derived poliovirus originates from the live/attenuated virus used in the oral vaccine. (Or at least, first-gen versions of it! Does nOPV2 conclusively address these issues?)

Can anyone explain why it's rare for inactivated vaccines to be able to be delivered via the oral route? It would have been a lot more efficient/user-friendly to deliver the Coronavirus vaccinations in this manner, but almost all of the vaccines we seem to use nowadays appear to be intramuscular injections.
In Defense of Big Tech Hiring
> I’m deeply disturbed that you think this form of plagiarism is universal

This thread is an eye opener for me too. Do engineers not get trained on their legal obligations? My company is old and not a tradition tech company but we have been running workshops on the issue for years. Even if they don't, what about their legal teams? Or CI tools to scan for licence violations? Some of the responses here are so naive it's crazy. I hope no one is identifying the companies they work for.
It’s literally plagiarism by definition.
I never understood why this is the position that media has taken. Do you also blame Dr. Fauci for the American vaccine deniers?

A doctor worked with American intelligence agencies to find the most wanted terrorist in the world. He is then imprisoned in Pakistan on made up charges, and is still in prison. Does the media sympathize with his plight. No. There is barely any coverage of this after 2012. Instead, the media is so concerned with low vaccination rates.

Is there a reason that media seems so biased to ignore a person's plight? A person who should be celebrated like a hero, not blamed like this.
And Yandex's AI work got helped by the Russian invasion of Ukraine how, exactly? Did they train the bots on Ukrainian captives first?
There are plenty of stories in the Bible where people move from a past in slavery, exile or sin into a future of freedom, returning home, or salvation. Christianity is pretty big on Hope.
Zeihan is completely right about China's demographic nightmare. I just don't think we're going to get off as Scott-free as he thinks we are without major domestic investments done now instead of later.
Reminds me of an old site I used to love... Sodaplay or sodaconstructor... Can't remember which. You constructed little amoeba type robots, and the most simple, starting object was a very similar wheel.
There big difference is that by copying Micky Mouse you are hurting one of the most known and very powerful corporations in the world, by copying code you are just hurting open source projects and individual developers.

It should not be different, or if anything, it should be worse to punish people with less resources. But here we are.
It would prove that it doesn't honour all licences - just because the source code exists on Github without a licence doesn't automatically grant a licence to Copilot from a legal perspective.
ctags allows this and isn’t necessarily part of an IDE. Granted, that may be where most people encounter this feature.
That's an interesting thought. It was a direct influence on the GME stock event. Who's to say people didn't put it into crypto?
Note that nothing stops you from enabling offline mode on your private server.
It's the quality of the work that is problematic. I'm not of the participation prize generation.
If you bother to set the permissions, I suggest to do it in a way that doesn't leave a time window during which it still is unprotected (note that non-priviledged processes just need to open the file during that window; they can keep reading even after your chmod has been run). Also, not sure what the point of `-U clear` was, that's setting the uuid for the swap, better leave it at the default random one?

$ ( umask 077; dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1G count=250 status=progress )
$ mkswap /swapfile
$ swapon /swapfile
> While not always the case, it is often the case that a good GC will beat all of those. A generational copying GC with parallel collection will treat most allocations as pointer bumps. Giving them the speed of a bump allocator with periodic fragmentation fixes when collection happens. It will beat both slab and arena allocators.

Wouldn't memory barrier add a significant overhead in this case? (compared to an arena not needing any memory synchronization at all if it's only needed on a single thread)