skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Traditionally, the most efficient way to get over land was to do so over water.

Rivers and canals were the highways of the pre-industrial world. Even the early-industrial, as digging and locks-management equipment were mechanised.

There's still a tremendous tonnage of cargo which moves by river, though most of it is less time-sensitive than that moved by rail, truck, or air. Modern rail is roughly as efficient as inland water transport. Both are reasonably viable for electrification --- barge "mules" could be and are in places electrified locomotives operating on land with tow cables.

The impact that the Erie Canal had in opening up the central United States cannot be overstated. It followed on a tradition of canal building dating back well over 2,500 years --- see China's Grand Canal.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Canal_(China)
Polar bear populations are not crashing. They're declining in some areas, stable in others, and actually increasing in some areas too[1].

Polar bears are smart, adaptable, omnivores who are lucky enough to live in areas with relatively low human populations. They'll probably weather climate change better than a lot of species.

[1]https://www.arcticwwf.org/wildlife/polar-bear/polar-bear-pop...
Waves will tend to destroy floating offshore solar farms. Wind farms are less affected because their cross-sectional area near the water surface is small relative to their mass.

But if the panels were in a semi-flexible frame with underwater floats, the waves could be made to mostly run under them.
I've been using Speedreader (shipped by default on Brave) and this page loaded as pure text without any JS Elements/Ads for me. I'd definitely recommend Brave solely for this feature: https://support.brave.com/hc/en-us/articles/360045031392-Wha...
Someone on twitter succinctly described the situation by saying, “ I think a lot of stadiums are gonna have to change their names over the next few years.”
Getting rid of systemd is harder. But applications don't stop working because you switched a DE.
FED's Jay Powell talks about introducing a dollar CBDC
Here's the deciding coin toss: can we both imagine there equally exist books defending current left restrictions on discussions, as there exist books defending mcarthyism? :)
When the final record should have either Yes or No, but the there is an intermediate state where the answer could be missing, you want something like a Maybe<Bool> which you can map to a simple Bool as part of validation. Ideally you'd use a functor-style parameter for this, for example in Haskell:

data Record f = Record { …, someField ∷ f Bool, … }
type PartialRecord = Record Maybe
type CompleteRecord = Record Identity

getCompletedRecord ∷ PartialRecord → Maybe CompleteRecord
getCompletedRecord (Record { …, someField, … }) =
Record <$> … <*> (Identity <$> someField) <*> …

This way you can define your record type once and handle all the missing fields in a uniform way, and functions can easily indicate whether they expect a partial record full of Maybes or a complete record with no potentially missing fields. You can use the same type definition for other things, too, by substituting different functors in place of Maybe or Identity. For example, `Record ToString` where `ToString a` is a newtype over `(a → String)` could be a record of functions describing how to render each field as a string.

In the DB you would need to store incomplete records in a separate table, since they have different validation rules. Queries against the main table should be able to assume that all the records are complete.
it is amazing, but not surprising. So many major VC funds built around Crypto. Really interesting if it all crashes.
The situation is not entirely clear because some lenders may not loudly announce that they have liquidity issues as early as possible. It seems like a large part of the forced selling by 3AC and counterparties is already over, and it seems like many counterparties don't actually have any collateral from 3AC to sell and must eat the loss.
The global crypto market cap is $893B, it's completely insignificant and will have no impact on anything.
Good intention, but possibly flawed execution. Quite a few open source projects finance themselves by selling binaries.
Other countries also have universal healthcare, free tertiary education and all sorts of things you would expect from a developed country.

I've come to the conclusion that the US is just a rich country with a huge military industrial complex that masquerades as a developed country while doing all the things it denigrates poorer countries for.

So while the USA can definitely afford to be a developed country I wouldn't hold your breath.
No they don't, inflation is baked into their pricing model. They make money by taking a percentage of the donations. If inflation makes the dollar worth half as much, people will donate twice as much to get the same results.
A lot of fiction writers don’t, but desperately need such editing.

I’ve read plenty of books that could have told the story in 20% fewer pages, or had a swapped character name, or…

Some of these passed through multiple layers of editing. Some of these "passed" through those layers because the writer got too famous or cantankerous or…

I acted as one of my wife’s editors for her books, and some of the things that I checked (as it was recent historical fiction) included whether the weather she described for a chapter matched the weather reported by Environment Canada. She had one scene in early April of a year where she said that the "last of the snows had gone…", but there was a snowstorm on the 3rd of April or something like that. As the weather was not critical to the scene, I insisted that it either be dropped or changed (she changed it) — because getting that sort of item wrong can throw a reader out of the flow of the book.

In another instance in her second book, she had a weather condition that was crucial to the plot. We looked to see that it would be plausible (e.g., it was not 50℃ in February in Toronto in 1979), then let the weather condition stand because it mattered.
Our numbers as of the end of 2021: https://archive.org/web/petabox.php

4 data centers, 745 nodes, 28,000 spinning disks
Wayback Machine: 57 PetaBytes
Books/Music/Video Collections: 42 PetaBytes
Unique data: 99 PetaBytes
Total used storage: 212 PetaBytes
Ask HN: What Constitutes Financial Malfescience?
TL;DR: Invested $40,000 in 2004 into a college fund.

The fund, today is worth simply double.

The fund wasa 529 college fund, and as stated, since 2004 has only doubled - it was with American Funds/Smith Barney.

Is there any malfescience?

How the F could this fund only do that? Do I have any recourse against the investment company?
And it's terrible because there's both `null` and `undefined` which have largely the same meaning but aren't equal. Depending on what you're interacting with, you may need to use one over the other or coerce. Especially common with developers from other languages who don't even know of the gotcha
I worked for a government telco and ISP, that serviced govenrment customers. At the time, our cost structure was about 30-40% less than an equivalent telco service.

Once you get past the “derp, government dumb”, the government has a lot of competitive advantages. Government entities have better ability to do capital spending as they aren’t beholden to Wall St analysts, who hate capital.

For an ISP, a .gov could bond out to build and contract private operators at a much lower cost than monopoly companies charge themselves internally.
Few years back I earned around $4 a week...

Just enough to buy soap, shampoo, etc.
Could you clarify that?
Seems like the entire capitalization of crypto is around $1 trillion. The total value of housing in the USA is a bit over $40 trillion. So that should give you some sense of scale of the crypto market versus other markets that pose systematic risks.
3AC isn’t just large. 3AC is the largest trader by volume in the world for like 4 years. Them going bankrupt is like long term capital management going bankrupt.
The "bring the mainframe to the battlefield” is just false. As is the idea it was built to withstand nuclear attack. It's uncited in the book, I've got a copy.

Anyone could just fraudulently send email as generalSmith@dod.mil in 1975 and you'd have no way of knowing if it was real.

And then it would traverse in a nondeterministic unencrypted way over any machine that claims it can get it there with no way of knowing whether it succeeded or whether the message received was the message sent.

It was built by academics for tasks like remote timesharing and it ran mostly on minicomputers, not even mainframes. All the early nodes were at academic institutions. Exactly
0 were on military bases.

The project goals, people involved, sites it was installed at, technologies built, all the founders, Cerf, Kahn, Taylor, Roberts, Linkletter - zero military people - 100% academics. None of this suggests military purpose

Look at the abysmal security the network had. Do you think email, rcp, ftp and telnet was designed for military use?

It was openly bridged to the Soviet research network through IIASA, you know, cause that's how cold war things happened - open door policy to the enemy

Or what about the routing protocols where a rogue network switch could just announce itself and then start soliciting for traffic to pass through it.

In 1997, a misbehaving router singlehandedly took down the net
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/AS_7007_incident any enemy could have easily done this.

Look at DNS host transfer up to about 2002 - you could just query for all records dumping your entire network topology, to just anyone - extremely valuable information for your enemies.

Look at finger and the original whois, an email and personnel lookup tool. You could use it to get people's schedule, all the people who work under them, what they're doing, how to contact them, where they last logged in at - do you know what I'd really like to have as your military enemy?

Heck let's cite Wikipedia as if reality matters:

"20th century WHOIS servers were highly permissive and would allow wild-card searches. A WHOIS query of a person's last name would yield all individuals with that name. A query with a given keyword returned all registered domains containing that keyword. A query for a given administrative contact returned all domains the administrator was associated with."

Sending out spies, espionage, sabotage, all unnecessary if you're enemy is using this technology. You could do it all from a terminal.

There's zero security in any of these. The doors are unlocked and swinging open with a giant honking welcome sign blinking.

Edit: Apparently reality is unpopular. I'm committed to reality far more than being popular. My politics are on the far left btw, that's why I demand such high standards from these people. They're supposedly playing for my team. But let me tell you, they don't seem to care either.
Now retire Herr Trudeau.
Everything about our federal monetary policy is Keynesian and has been for a long time now, what do you mean?
This is neat with some fun features. It's hard to make something that complements the pretty powerful built-in screenshot and measurement tools of macOS.

I take a lot of screenshots with annotations and use Cmd+Shift+4, Skitch and a custom script/app to upload images to my server. After using Shottr for the first time, some unordered feedback:

- The erase tool in addition to blur/mosaic is great. And non-destructive, like the other options.

- Multiple arrow styles, even curved! But, a more curved arrow style would be nice. I love the dynamic Skitch arrow [1], the main reason I still use it to be honest.

- Drag&Drop an image quickly to save it somewhere, nice. But it's not as discoverable as Skitch, with its prominent bottom tab. Took me a bit to find the option, after mousing over the toolbar buttons. And apparently you can just Ctrl+Drag on the image itself to drag the file, interesting.

- Scrolling capture is fun. There are other apps/extensions that capture full web pages, but this does arbitrary capture of anything that is scrollable. Although it doesn't quite work in a multi column Finder [2]

- Undo/Redo would be nice. I guess it's planned or buggy, because the Undo menu item is there but disabled?

- No upload to my own private server. Skitch does that, but doesn't support private key auth (thus my custom upload script/app). I guess you plan to monetize this by offering your own image hosting service? I would pay some bucks for a good upload function to my own server, with various options for auth, file names etc.

- In general, trying to put all the options in the toolbar might not be the best way. You have to hover over buttons to see their function. Buttons have a second level once you do something, so to get from the erase-tool-settings back to adding a line, I have to click the "back" button, then the line button instead of just an always visible line button. There will probably be more features in the future, with more options. Maybe it's better to add a sidebar and have more room to explicitly show the options and grow functionality.

- Always-on color selector and pressing Tab to copy the value is good. Although it doesn't save time compared to the built-in Digital Color Meter, which works without taking a screenshot.

- The size of a thing should change as you're dragging the handle, not only after you're finished [3]

- Dragging an image on the Dock icon or the "Welcome to shottr" window doesn't work. To edit a screenshot taken with Cmd+Shift+4 I would have to go to the shottr menu icon > ... more > Open File?

- How can I pan a big screenshot with a mouse? There are no scrollbars and Cmd/Option/Ctrl/Shift-mousewheel doesn't work, neither does dragging. Edit: Right mouse button...

tl,dr: Cool stuff, but the workflow and discoverability should be optimized. I'll keep using this, if only for the measuring tool and the curved arrows :) How about some Catmull-Rom arrows that follow a path?

1: https://sc.robsite.net/files/1655502037-skitch-arrow.gif

2: https://sc.robsite.net/files/1655501372-SCR-20220617-wlz.png

3: https://sc.robsite.net/files/1655503254-shottr-resize-on-cha...
Land use is absolutely no problem at all for solar.

Solar coexists synergetically with agriculture, operating more efficiently, cutting water demand, and improving yield. Also with parking (keeping cars cooler) and roofs (extending life).
Explanation corps help requested.
Huge amounts of compliance in domestic house building. Watched an engineer do drawings for our extension 25 years ago, modding one dimension made him recalculate wind shear loading and include a sheet of ply to make a cell rigid. That kind of thing means "disruption" has costs you don't see.
Having warehouse workers is not Amazon's long term plan. They will replace as many workers with robots as quickly as they can. Their strategy revolves around burning out the entire workforce and then perfecting their robots before they need to pay truly absurd packages. Since the workers are a short term solution treating them poorly and using ads to reel more suckers in is a viable strategy. The question is will they run out of people before they can fully automate?
As an Elon fanboy, nothing he did surprised me in the least. He may be one of the most consistent public figures out there.
the day they announced Crypto.com bought the naming rights to the Staples Center it really brought me back to the year 2000 dot-com bubble. It's even a dot-com! But this time... it's with crypto. It's the over-the-top silliness of it. Super Bowl Ads. Macy's Thanksgiving Day parade floats. Hundred million dollar naming rights deals. Writing Matt Damon a blank check (I hope he got one because, why else would you do this Matt?? Why Matt, why??)
> should we stop pouring resources into philosophy and arts?

Do we exist just to eat, shit, and breed?

Hopefully our civilisation is concerned with more than just the cold necessities of life: a civilisation that lets us do with our minds what we will. Circuses and Netflix have more meaning than bread: bread is merely a low level dependency in the skill tree.

I think there is a lot of bollox to our liberal humanities: but who am I to judge what others choose to put their minds to? Edit: the small percentage of gold produced is what matters, not the large percentage of load bearing ore. There can be a lot of worthwhile waste.

Disclaimer: I am Engineer, not Word Rotator.
Presumably at some sort of additional cost, though. So then we’re into the business of weighing up whether to spend money on obtaining raw logs or purchasing the CDN’s own traffic analytics add on… or just going with a third party. This stuff isn’t just built in.
Hopefully there will be a bunch of descent GPUs dirt cheap so at least we got that.
Will they though? If this really crashes spectacularly we might see some people trading it but most people are going to steer clear of this mess.
Yes but you can’t deny that giving everyone a level playing field is a net positive.

Sure I can.

Giving millions of random uneducated whackjobs an equal voice with actual trained medical professionals poses a real threat to public health. That's exactly what's happened.
As seoaeu says, we only have the values at the snapshot times and need to recompute in between.

We're not actually logging changes to variables, we're only logging outside information that changes the course of the computation. The variables are a result of that computation and not something we store directly.

So there's no explicit saving of A when we set it to B - and hence no opportunity to save the previous value of A either.

The reasons are both speed and space, as you suggest, but also fidelity of recording.

* If we recorded all variable values explicitly it could become very slow to run real world programs due to the extra work being done.
* Recording all changes could also use a lot of storage for even trivial behaviours - e.g. for (i = 0; i < 10000000; i++);
* Even if you log normal variable values you still have to worry about uninitialised memory, stray pointers, use after free - i.e. sources or destinations of assignments that aren't captured clearly in C language semantics. If we want to catch arbitrary bugs we do need to act at a level below normal-case language behaviours.

A side effect of this is that the underlying low level engine can record other languages with a different layer on top to handle language-specific semantics - that's what we do for Java.
Sorry, I was being unclear. I meant "people" in the aggregate, as perhaps a stand in for the demand curve. And that Apple sets their price based on the highest point on that curve which still maximizes revenue, then uses their absolutely ridiculous amount of cash-on-hand to reserve capacity and set the supply curve wherever it would intersect that point on the demand curve. (Which is part of why Apple weathered the chip shortage better than most)

i.e., at the scale they operate, they are beholden almost exclusively to demand, rather than supply, and what supply constraints they do have are mostly a matter of material costs and logistics as opposed to labor.

As the other commenter points out, my argument is that this pricing method (and the comparatively tiny input labor costs) mean that the cost of labor has an effectively negligible effect on pricing, and only would eat into profits.
There’s no good replacement for gvim / MacVim.

I’ve tried all the GUIs that compile for the Mac. I can’t stand a single one of them.

I can’t stand using vim / nvim on the terminal for most of my editing. Not sure why, but that’s my reasoning.
At public prison it's even more clear that using prisoners as slaves saves the state money.
> The immoral part is when you lock someone up as a punishment.

I guess this is where the fundamental disagreement is located. I don't see anything immoral about locking someone up for committing certain crimes any more than its immoral for a parent to confine a child to a room or take away something according to the "crime".
In the code, it's considered something of a smell to use a bool at all. Look up "Boolean blindness". Basically instead of a bool field saying whether the person wants the deluxe upgrade, you'd have an enum whose values are Regular | Deluxe. How you would represent that in a db would depend on how your implementation works.
Don't forget that a PhD makes it more difficult to get some kinds of jobs. An intermediate or low level developer job may pay more, but if you have a PhD the interviewers are going to question why you are applying for a low level job and be worried how long you will stay. So in some respects a PhD reduces your employability (though you can always lie and say you never got the PhD, though it is kind of hard to hide on a resume without leaving a time gap, which makes you seem even less employable.)
You don't need private prisons per se in order for the perverse incentive to exist – even thrive and persist. The beneficiaries of prison labor are private interests, whereas the cost of incarceration is paid by the public. It could cost 100k per inmate a year in public money and produce 30k of goods. It's still (virtually) free labor as far as the beneficiaries and their lobbyists are concerned.
> In his analysis of capitalist development, Karl Marx drew a distinction between the “formal” and “real” subsumption of labour by capital. In formal subsumption, an existing labour process remains intact, but is now performed on a capitalist basis. A peasant who used to grow his own food becomes a wage labourer on somebody else’s farm. The way he works the land stays the same. In real subsumption, by contrast, the labour process is revolutionised to meet the requirements of capital. Formerly, capital inherited a process; now, it remakes the process. Our agricultural worker becomes integrated into the industrialised apparatus of the modern factory farm. The way he works completely changes: his daily rhythms bear little resemblance to those of his peasant predecessors. And the new arrangement is more profitable for the farm’s owner, having been explicitly organised with that end in mind.

> This is a useful lens for thinking about the evolution of the internet, and for understanding why the dot-coms didn’t succeed. The internet of the mid-to-late 1990s was under private ownership, but it had not yet been optimised for profit. It retained too much of its old shape as a system designed for researchers, and this shape wasn’t conducive to the new demands being placed on it. Formal subsumption had been achieved, in other words, but real subsumption remained elusive.

> Accomplishing the latter would involve technical, social and economic developments that made it possible to construct new kinds of systems. These systems are the digital equivalents of the modern factory farm. They represent the long-sought solution to the problem that consumed and ultimately defeated the dot-com entrepreneurs: how to push privatisation up the stack. And eBay offered the first glimpse of what that solution looked like.

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31784966
> Even fiat currency can be used as toiletpaper in a pinch.

Hmm - but actually can it? Isn't destruction of bills forbidden? It certainly is in my home country.
I get the sentiment. Except... when you play a game of e.g. Monopoly it doesn't contribute to global economic collapse that affects real people that weren't even playing.
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31781600
LA’s Staples Center renamed Crypto.com Arena