skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
A lot of people here complain about the complex UX. This a big problem but is something you get used to and can live with.

An even bigger problem is when you start substituting a dependency manager with submodules. It has no way to deal with transitive dependencies or diamond-dependencies. What are you going to do when lib A->B->D and A->C->D? Your workspace will now have two duplicate checkouts of D and any update to D requires commiting 3 repos in sequence to update the hashes. If you are really unlucky there can only be one instance of D running on the system but the checkouts differ.

The correct way to deal with this is to only have one top level superproject where all repos, even transitive ones are vendored and pinned. The difficulty is knowing if your repo really is the top level, or if someone else will include it in an even bigger context. Rule of thumb would be that your superproject shouldn’t itself contain any code, only the submodules.
That's how I've come to use git submodules. It's been helpful when working with various embedded projects. They often don't get updated for months or years (ideally), and then you only want to pull in specific changes.
The environment claim is total bs. Crypto uses 0.5% of global energy supply. It's beaten by things such as residential television use, and only the wasted light from outdoor lighting (0.85%). It's also the only time that people try to blame an energy consumer for the sins of energy producers.

The environmental damage of energy is caused by coal plants, not how many people are watching the simpsons at the same time.
And in 20% larger font than the price.
Ask HN: Becoming a Director of Engineering
What tips do you have for someone looking to become a director of engineering at a large tech company. Should I look into courses at Stanford or MIT or how do I go about finding a mentor?
Related: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_Inlet,_Minnesota
Not in bulk, no.

But I'm sure there's at least a few people playing around with it on GPUs.
>it is only unprofitable for smaller miners.

So this will lead to less smaller miners and more concentration of power for the big ones
This is a much more substantive analysis, thanks.
Being young and having no track record does not inspire confidence.
Can someone please explain what is an "uninterpreted function", in the context of Ante's refinement types? The Wikipedia article didn't help much (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninterpreted_function).
Still relavent today but this is from 6 years ago. #13 is share it on Google+
> There are plenty of examples of an enslaved person being prevented from escaping even in the presence of laws prohibiting slavery. It’s as if you don’t understand human behavior.

Or perhaps it's as if I'm labeling that prevention a "societal regulation". Go look at my comment again.
And crypto does not have a positive impact on people "playing" crypto?
Make sure to check other projects by the same author, some real gems there IMO (and I'm not even including there his most popular project - Vim^3 [0] :D). This talk [1] from NimConf 2021 is a good place to start:

[0] https://github.com/oakes/vim_cubed

[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cBqBfPRWla8&list=PLxLdEZg8DR...
Vivaldi's reader mode lets you do it.
I was in a startup with a small team and we used Kubernetes for servers that required more than 8 GB memory. Cloud Run and App Engine doesn't offer more than that, at least not at the time. The alternative were to deal with virtual machines ourself with Ansible scripts, and I'm not sure how that would auto scale + it would break the existing flow of Docker containers for everything. It took a while to figure out how to put Kubernetes in a closed VPC, but after that it was fairly straight forward.
Markets work to decive their customers the best way they can.
Not in the same position as you currently, but in a previous life I did work for a company which was pursuing NFTs. That bothered me but it wasn't the entirety of the business as they were also working on projects which I could see having some intrinsic value. That's what crypto businesses will have to demonstrate if they're going to survive the current turmoil and you could view that as an opportunity.

At the very least you're not working for Meta.
That's like saying people mine BTC with pencil and paper [1].

[1] http://www.righto.com/2014/09/mining-bitcoin-with-pencil-and...
Every RPC call framework I’ve used supports optional fields so this is a nonissue.
What a truly amazing comment. Upvoted, but I needed to explicitly praise it as well.

Thanks. You made me richer (as in: wiser) today.
The thing that bothered me the most wasn't the awareness of pain in babies, it wqs the answer "they won't remember" when I mentioned the pain argument.

WTF.
Exactly - this discussion sound exactly like the ones we had when AWS started out
“Defendants falsely and deceptively claim that Dogecoin is a legitimate investment when it has no value at all,” ...

Elon on SNL: "It's a hustle"...
I doubt Y Combinator hired any psychologists, but why does it matter? It's easy to spend too much time on Hacker News too.

There's nothing special about big tech websites that makes them particularly addicting. People spent too much time on BBS's and Usenet and video games back in the day. Or watching TV.
What is astonishing is how little these space crafts have travelled. They go at 38k mph and it would have still taken them 40,000 years to reach nearest star to the earth! The fastest space craft so far is Parker Solar Probe which was about 10X faster but even that would have taken 4000 years to get to nearest star. There are huge problems increasing speed beyond this because even a tiny particle can seriously damage the space craft at higher speed. The expanse of space is truly mind blowing. If physical requires that for a body to move from point X to Y it must travel through all points in-between then we are screwed.
I don’t doubt there is at least 1 GPU mining bitcoin. But it would be a less than pointless effort since the power would cost more than the bitcoins being mined by a long shot.
They haven't been making money for a year or two now -- they can't sell their coins without crashing the market, so they're getting loans with their coins and mining equipment as collateral [0] [1] [2]. Those loans are failing now.

[0] https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/04/26/bitcoin-miner-c...

[1] https://www.coindesk.com/business/2021/12/31/miner-bitfarms-...

[2] https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/04/28/battered-bitcoi...
Video games don’t consume as much electricity as modern western countries.
> while those Arabs and what-not must have still been writing mostly by hand. Does that sound likely?

It does sound rather snarky
Show HN: Building the product that builds the product
There's some documentation on this in some WSL issues on GitHub, but it's not just NTFS. It's stuff like the broader filesystem architecture's inclusion of pluggable 'filters' (kinda neat, but each layer of them incurs a performance cost) or the way commands on other operating systems depend on caches for certain syscalls that Windows doesn't keep, or keep anything equivalent to.

Too tired to go find them atm
I'd love to eat plants a lot. Just turns out they give me depression.(takes about 4 days after ingestion)

There is something called bio-availability and there are nutrients in meat that you don't ever get from plants.

But it would be nice if there were public pig pens where you could recycle food waste into bacon.

Transportation is the biggest co2 producer...
Interesting, I think it's fair to suggest that sprawl has some negative connotations but I don't think it's quite so severe. I would definitely call some of the streets of Kyoto sprawling, as in, they have wandered in strange directions like a creeping vine. I also wouldn't suggest that Japanese cities have expanded carefully, they have taken as much space as they feasibly can in their expansion, and replaced it all with concrete. Perhaps the cities themselves were carefully considered from an urban planning point of view.

But I think in actuality, taking zoning and planning control away from the people who use the zones is what causes most of America's strange layout. People absolutely want medium to high density mixed use communities, and affordable housing, but you're not allowed to build that in America.
Not at all. It's people who want to play around with the technology, but can't afford FPGAs or ASICS to do the job. Or maybe they could afford FPGAs or ASICS, but they want to be able to see more of what's going on behind the curtain.

Not a huge number of people, no. But then a lot of services on the Internet have a long tail.
You can make the same argument about any type of entertainment. It won't make it less invalid, though.

Games are entertainment, and average gamer certainly doesn't consume electricity on a scale of Bitcoin farm 24/7.
Why would is this energy go to waste now if it was so cheap?
it's a bit of a chicken and egg problem. High transaction fees should attract more miners (who might be willing to accept lower transaction fees due to competition). This ought to reduce transaction fees to the market rate.

However, because there's so little real demand for bitcoin transactions from consumers, that this market rate isn't really a proper market rate. It needs to grow in volume. But the volume of bitcoin transactions is too low (by design).

So to get more bitcoin transactions to lower the rate, you first need more bitcoin transactions, but it's too expensive and consumers don't use it!
I’m not going to do the math, but mining probably uses several orders of magnitude more electricity than gaming. And one is art and entertainment. I don’t even know how to respond here…
I relly don't think so. Charlists are like your appendix, maybe served some vestigial purpose but probably not too serious
There you go, problem solved! ;)
> So what is it actually good for?

Among other useful properties, digital currency allows individuals to move their money across borders without anyone asking them where it came from, where it is going and taking a cut. Seems like a very useful thing to have in today's world, no? Seems like something that will become increasingly useful in the near future regardless of your particular jurisdiction...

Is it worth $60k USD or even $20k USD? I don't know. There has been a lot of speculation and hype in this space and with the relatively low liquidity it is not that surprising to see crazy spikes. But there is a fundamental value greater than 0 for Bitcoin, and you cannot dismiss that in good faith.
$200K is nowadays an annual total compensation of a junior dev. I believe mold values much more than a one year outcome of a typical 5-person junior dev team.
> The chances of bitcoin going to zero are zero. You really think there isn't a single person on this planet willing to put in 1-10 million to buy up all the bitcoin?

I mean, one person buying all the bitcoin would be an excellent way to cause the value to go to zero. If every bitcoin is held by a single person, who else would care?
While I agree it might not crash to 0, I'm not sure it has to to become more-or-less irrelevant.

Conversely there's an outside chance a really big crash will make it useful.

A sufficiently large crash of Bitcoin will leave most current holders burned. Those that have Bitcoin as a purely speculative play will take some big losses, and get out (maybe permanently).

Ridding Bitcoin of speculators will maybe improve Bitcoin usefulness as currency - but I think main-stream will ignore it and it'll become niche.

At its heart Bitcoin cannot decide if its a fast-appreciating asset, or a currency, and it can't be both. Perhaps a really big correction now can kill the fast-appreciating asset approach for good.

Unfortunately though it seems like as a currency its primary benefit seems to be making risky (aka illegal) face-to-face transactions safer, and hence will likely aquire an ever seedier reputation.
> I'm having a hard time imagining why you'd be against a greenhouse gas tax but would support a fossil fuel tax.

Where did I say that?

I was pointing out that choice of words matter. This isnt even about the tax, the original point was about if what people say in polls is real - you argued no and presented very shaky evidence - I was pointing out the flaw in it so you could refine your position or rethink it - what you choose is up to you - but thinking all 69% of the people who would want to tax “fossil fuels” and are also able to make that connection to “greenhouse gases” or not just really dislike fossils fuels for other reasons, I think may be too generous. Then add the people who dont think it goes far enough, plus the midterms and you have a not great argument.

Either way, I havent stated any actual opinion on the tax matter nor have I thought about in the discussion in any way other than to point out what was missing from your example about polling opinion - the words matter, and also voter turn out
>The economics are very non intuitive for people who aren't exposed to the industry.

In the short term, sure. There'll probably be fireworks for the next month or two. But thread ancestor might well be talking medium-long term where the economics are really simple - the amount of resources the miners put in to hashing will drop until they are making a profit again.

The miners will be profitable again inside 12 months. Even if all that means in practice is that "miners" is some kid in a basement in Khazakstan with an old Pentium.
Still a useful learning experience, and if the GPU is free and the power is free, then the low return rate would still make sense.

I imagine there are more than a few dorms where this kind of thing is going on.
Lots of whom are here on HN recommending trendy technologies.
That's what you think.

In my enterprise, a big one, I shipped only NSIS installers. Much easier to use, and better user experience also.
Eventually the "industry" will burn through the available pool of gullible "investors" who can be suckered into giving up their money. New suckers are born every minute, of course, but they won't be enough to keep the crypto industry above the background noise of regular frauds and scams.
>Things change.

Based on submitted link, they don't.
The block difficulty is calculated from the time between previous blocks. The time since you last received a block is not taken into account. Because not everyone clock is exactly the same, you could end up with different difficulties.
Yes, but it doesn't really matter as long as there are mining pools. Even big miners still have to pool mine because the overall hashrate is so great that even a multi megawatt miner still doesn't have enough hashrate to solo mine.

Plus, solo mining is just more financially risky. Unless you have a couple percentage points of the total hashrate, it just doesn't make financial sense.

Even then, large miners will negotiate deals with the pools for a lower % take of the fees. Those fees effectively pay the pool for their own costs so that the miner doesn't have to worry about the rest.

So, the only real centralization is with the pools and as we've already seen in the past [1], as soon as a pool gets to 51%, miners switch to another pool (which is quite easy and not a lot of effort).

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GHash.io
The people above you suck. That's a terrible attitude. Signalling that saving money or just generally improving systems doesn't matter will not build a culture of technical excellence and ambition.

Also, it's not peanuts. How many extra developers are $28400 per month?
Texas isolated power grid design means they have no where to ship excess energy to (in relevant amounts, neither can they get missing energy).

It's also under-provisioned but increasing supply is a problem because of excess energy.

So they started making deals with miners where the miners act as a sponge for excess energy and in turn pay much less.

Taking the same situation just more extreme (and likely more local) and being payed for handling excess energy doesn't seem absurd.

(I intentionally didn't judge anything about the Texas gird here, it's just meant as an example.)
I can only speak for myself, but even though I am very skeptical of DeFi and crypto, I don't look down my nose at people simply because they see it differently. I do look down my nose at people who are deliberately running scams, but it doesn't sound like you're doing that.

I think there's a dark side to most things, and that in the beginning it's not easy to see what it is. For example, I think that social media can be destructive to society and to individual people in a variety of ways that weren't at all obvious to me when I was younger. I don't think it was bad to believe in it, though -- it did, in fact, make the internet useful and accessible to way more people, and that's probably a good thing in the long run, even with all the problems that come with that.

In the worst case, you'd have to tell a future employer, "I went to work in DeFi because I believed in the potential of the underlying technology, but [IT DIDN'T WORK OUT || I DON'T BELIEVE IN IT ANYMORE] and now I'm ready to move on." That sounds pretty reasonable to me?
So what if methane is more "potent"? How potent and in relation to what, and in what amount?

Large ruminants and other animals that produce methane roamed the Earth in greater numbers long before humans came up with the concept of livestock. Stable isotopes of carbon in atmospheric methane don't support livestock being a contributor to rising methane at all. Because livestock methane is part of the carbon cycle, and livestock aren't in greater numbers, problematic increases in atmospheric methane have to be coming from somewhere else, most likely things such as fracking. Carbon-14 would be increasing in the atmosphere if cows were responsible.

Even if we eliminated meat consumption, hypothetically speaking, it's totally unclear and unfounded that any meaningful difference would be made. According to the United States EPA, agriculture as a whole makes up 11% of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States. That percentage includes everything from farm to table, meaning that cows in particular make up a fraction of that since most of the greenhouse gas will inevitably come from transportation and processing. Methane itself makes up ~11% of greenhouse gas. Show me any evidence whatsoever that correcting for the greenhouse gas from animals bred for food will make any appreciable difference in changing the climate in the favor of humans.

By the way, most of the methane from cows comes from their burping, not farting.
What about people executed for heresy in the Papal States? There are many examples, but the most famous would be Giordano Bruno, burnt at the stake for heresy in Rome in 1600.

The whole "it was the civil authorities not the Church" line doesn't really work there, since the Pope was ultimately in charge of both, even if the two were still nominally distinct.

Even in the case of the Spainish Inquisition, where the Church-va-State distinction was somewhat more real – you have to ask whether the Church encouraged or discouraged the civil authorities from imposing capital punishment on those it convicted of heresy. I think you will find that the answer was very much "encourage", not "discourage" or neutral. "We didn't execute anybody, we just encouraged the government to execute them" is a rather laughable defence.
> Turns out Java has Option.

While still having nulls everywhere. Rust doesn't have the concept of null at all - Option is the only way to represent the non-existence of something.
But from what you describe, it's an open question whether anyone has used a GPU to mine bitcoin in the last ten years, as opposed to just setting a GPU to work on the kinds of problems involved in mining bitcoin.

If you never mine any bitcoin, are your tools being used to mine bitcoin?
I tried that with Rust, actually. My Manjaro was running a much newer version of Glibc than my server so I had to deal with that.

First I tried to get it to link to a different system library but no package manager is happy with multiple major versions of glibc.

Then I tried MUSL but it turns out the moment you enable MUSL several OpenSSL packages used in very common dependencies don't compile anymore. There was something about a custom OpenSSL path that I would need to specify and a cert file I'd need to package, but I gave up at that point.

The solution was to use a Docker image of an ancient version of Debian with an old version of glibc to build the file. I have no idea how you'd deal with this crap if your version of glibc is even older or if you don't have glibc, my conclusion was "I guess you can't use the usual HTTP crates then".

Oh, and the "just statically link everything" approach is also terrible for security patches because most developers don't release security patches with the same urgency as library developers do. GnuTLS had some pretty terrible problems a while back that were quickly resolved with an update but the most recent version of some binaries online are still vulnerable because the devs chose to statically link GnuTLS and abandoned the project a while back.

Libraries are an enormous pain point for Linux development and even static linking won't always be there to save you. This is one of the reasons some game developers choose to release a "Linux version" of their game by just packaging Proton/Wine with their executable and making sure their game performs well under the compatibility layer. All the different versions of all the different distributions and all the different flavours are impossible to keep up with.

Linux devs have chosen to ship entire Linux core libraries with their applications in the form of AppImage/Flatpak/Snap/Docker to solve this problem. If static linking solved all problems, Docker wouldn't have taken off like it did.
> It's beaten by things such as residential television use, and only the wasted light from outdoor lighting (0.85%).

TV usage is a contribution of billions of people.
Same with outdoor lighting.

Both are necessary, unlike Bitcoin.
> 0.5% of global energy supply.

1. You mean consumption?

2. That's _huge_. Incredible. I just hope it doesn't rise further.

3. References for your claim that more energy is spent on TV use than on crypto mining.

4. For every person mining crypto, there are, oh, maybe 1,000 people who watch TV? 10,000?
It's being manipulated by private entities, so, I'm not really sure it's an improvement.
It's a kind of attack called a symlink race, which is also possible on other operating systems. There are kernel parameters for hardening against symlink races on Linux, and they just disable symlinking into world-writable locations. I'm not sure why Windows can't use a less invasive mitigation like that, but I guess there must be one.
If you look at the raw data and not the 7 day average, there's been a precipitous drop (20% or more) just recently, assuming the graph is accurate.
Rather it's their baroque ACL permission system, which is not able to cache inherited perms.
Water from Air with the Droppler20
Sure, just as gambling does.

You should compare energy usage of Bitcoin to gambling, not gaming.
Wow! I was under the very wrong impression that memcached hadn't been updated in a long time. It has been having regular releases for longer than I thought. Great to hear!
It says a lot about Linux development that for cases like these "just install the Linux equivalent of Windows XP in a container and run the tools inside that" is an accepted solution.

It's a solution that works well and is used by loads of developers, but it's still comically silly.