skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
There were also events like the PETM with a 5C to 8C increase:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleocene%E2%80%93Eocene_Therm...
Ask HN: Does anyone here use a BSD for their main OS?
I'm one of those insufferable Linux nerds who went to Linux early in life after getting fed up with Windows. People said the grass was greener on the other side, and IMO they were right!

But I've heard tell of fields of even greener grass, all descendants of a mythical "BSD".

But I'm wondering if that grass is greener only in theory. Are these tales of verdant fields true? I don't have the same amount of free-time to tinker that I had when I first tried Linux, but I have the same curiosity.

So, to my question: Does anyone here use BSD in any 'real' capacity? Say, as a personal desktop or a server or an embedded system?
This goes back 50 years to 1972, when they realized that renewables don’t avoid peak oil, just delay it. The justification is delaying buys us time, but delaying means we are adding more years of fossil fuels into the atmosphere.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Limits_to_Growth
The US and every country continue to license new fossil fuel extraction, knowing that any carbon extracted will end up in our atmosphere, regardless of where the power plant is.

Coal peaked, but gas and oil extraction are still growing fast.
But we don't pay for the service.
This article makes the classic mistake of assuming linked list = mutable doubly linked list.

Immutable, singly linked lists (aka cons lists) are a different beast entirely, and don't benchmark well in languages with heap fragmentation issues.
At the very least that would be marginally tenable to deal with and would have /some/ sort of variety to the conversation.
> it is NOT POSSIBLE AT ALL to derive any conclusion from looking at it, other than we are heating the planet fast.

No. You're coming to a conclusion based on some internalized facts that may not be internalized by the people you're referring to.

Looking at the graph doesn't tell you anything at all about heat. It tells you about CO2 concentration in the atmosphere.
I've seen a few companies in the past that did this and what it amounts to is basically underpaying (60th percentile here) in HCOL and losing your best talent (the company is based in Mountain View here).

It also ignores a lot of the reasons why pay is lower in some places (free healthcare, etc.).

As much as I dream getting a Silicon Valley salary in a remote part of Spain, I don't think it's the right solution.
It's really hard to evaluate risks when people talk about "nuclear waste". Spent fuel rods are ferociously dangerous and their disposal as nuclear waste needs to be treated with utter seriousness. But "nuclear waste" also includes material less radioactive that granite which we only treat differently than other industrial waste because electricity providers on cost plus contracts teamed up with environmentalists to lobby for absurd rules around how nuclear plants are run.
Ordinary Russians in Russia (ones who did not move to Kiev in 2015 like bobuk@ or to Israel in 2022 like klm@) also dislike propaganda which is often blatantly and verifiably false ("denisova site:theguardian.com"), and comes from adversary of their country.

I imagine that's why Yandex demotes all the stuff coming from certain Russian-language news outlets.

You can be against war without lying or throwing a fit, but I don't know a single news source doing that. I know a lot of propaganda outlets, though. Having that choice, people (and Yandex) usually choose propaganda from their side.
I have made animations with it with enough Math and Deep Learning that were presented both in-company and outside where work done with animations made in PP even won awards.

The Deep Learning papers one sees in NeurIPS, ICML, CVPR, etc. almost all have diagrams made in PP in them.

Using PP has made my life easier.

I even use Google Docs when I do not need animation.

I am a primary Linux user, and I keep at least one machine running Windows because of PP.
> There is no climate benefit to opening a wind farm. The climate benefit comes when a wind farm causes a fossil fuel power plant to be shut down.

In many countries, this is exactly what's happening.

In the UK for example, gas and electricity usage has been declining for the last 15 years. Coal has been almost eliminated from the grid, and renewables now account for about 40% of generation, from less than 10% a decade ago. Overall carbon emissions are below 1890 levels.

Obviously we have outsourced some of our emissions but there's very clearly a huge reduction that can't be entirely explained by that.
Ok, that's a real problem, maybe we need a PEP for a minimum version in the header eg:

# -*- python >= 3.1 -*-

The trouble is, that wouldn't work on the old versions!
But does that work in a crowded office building with everyone doing it?
Discussed a few days ago:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31601926 (99 points/162 comments)
I don't understand what you're getting at. Freedom of movement is absolutely a freedom for humans. In places like London, or even New York for a US example, you may be able to achieve this without a car.

Are you arguing that all it takes is the saturation of public transportation for the entire US? Or are you arguing that people should just all move to mega-cities? I'm genuinely confused about what you're trying to explain to OP.
The person you're replying to did provide data, albeit without sources. Do you have data showing that these trucks result in higher CO2 emissions?
> One upside, unlike with current computers, is that the C64 had an "instant on" appliance feel to it -- you plugged it in, and it booted up almost instantly, greeting you with the READY prompt, ready to go at your command.

That's true of all the 1980s 8-bit home computers. Oric-1, BBC Micro, Enterprise 64, ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC, whatever. Turn on; beep or click; ready to go.

But with an Oric or a Spectrum or a CPC or other cheap home micros, you could do sounds and graphics in BASIC. Not on a C64.

> You could also write assembly with it.

Also not really fair or accurate.

All mainstream computers can be programmed in assembly. The C64 did nothing to help. It didn't have a machine-code monitor (like the Sharp MZ-80K did, say). It didn't have inline assembly in the BASIC (like the BBC Micro and Acorn Electron did, say).
If nothing else, the time it takes to turn over some fraction of the inventory that was bought when wholesale prices were high.
>If somebody else is running the code, it likely is packaged.

Partially because people avoid Python for things like installers and simple sharable single file scripts...because of this. There are ways around it in many other scripting languages. And a fairly good number of popular "single file scripts" that get shared, like mysqltuner (perl), adminer (php), etc.
The proportion of propaganda differs, as does the quality and motivation. The resulting differences in diversity of journalism definitely affects the ability to triangulate. While the result from triangulation doesn't have to be accurate to be effective, if triangulation is impossible, journalism is indistinguishable from propaganda and results in a programmed society. We see this in the polls in Russia by age demographics. Older Russians believe the propaganda. Younger Russians much less so, and that's because younger Russians user mobile devices and VPN to obtain alternative journalism sources compared to older generations.
Poor Prospects–Not Inequality–Motivate Political Violence
> Let's take one example, the F-150 Lightning

Great example. Let's see. Compared to the previous model it is: bigger, heavier (like 150% the weight), faster, more powerful, more torque.

More, more, more.

Increased efficiency of internal combustion engines has not led to decreased fossil fuel usage. It has led to bigger and more powerful vehicles and increased fossil fuel usage. There is no reason at all to believe electric vehicles will be any different. People simply refuse to sacrifice anything.
I have been looking into improving kerb and traffic_signals data for some bboxen. It is daunting, and I figure I need to work backwards - try to find out what the accessibility map apps look for and use those pairs. If I know what target I am shooting for I guess it will be alright. This is like my first week looking into this and I hope to find these targets soon.
In the US the discoveries are mostly oil shale, in Canada its oil sands. Its both.
I literally acknowledged it was snow it the following sentence
The Machine Learning Scientist as Toolsmith
Indeed. I do think knowing about big-O and keeping it in mind is important though.

Yes this loop is fast now with my 1000 items, but what if the input grows to 100000 or more?

Keeping it in mind can also help you avoid accidentally writing O(n^2) loops or worse. More than once I've been unsure about the complexity of a library call, so I check the code and it's say O(n) rather than O(1), potentially turning my own O(n) into a O(n^2).
> Some peoples’ identities and beliefs are zealously tied to denialism

I think you're talking about cognitive dissonance [0].

Btw, biggest contributor to climate change is meat & dairy eating [1][2].

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_dissonance#Reduction

[1] https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-10464793/Tot...

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_dissonance#Meat-eati...
Linked lists only perform poorly if you iterate them, or otherwise access multiple items at once.

If you use them as a single-linked free list they are faster than a vector since you only need to fetch a cache line for the object rather than a cacheline for the object and one for the vector storing free objects.
This is a common misunderstanding of computational complexity: It does not measure runtime, but how runtime changes depending on the input. Take the following two algorithms to find the square root of an int:

result=None
for i in 0...INT_MAX
if i*i==searched
result=i
return i

and

for i in 0...searched
if i*i==searched
return i

The first algorithm is O(1), the second is O(sqrt(searched)). Despite this, the second will clearly be faster in actual execution time. However, if your number range changes from 0-100 to 100,000,000-250,000,000 , the former will still take the same time while the latter will take a lot longer. Now, in this example, this is quite obvious, but in the real world, you might encounter cases where a quadratic complexity solution is completely fine, until you have a lot of data and then suddenly your code slows to a crawl [0]. That's why we need computational complexity - it was never designed to perfectly measure or predict execution speed. This is also the reason constants are dropped in the notation.

For real world performance, benchmarking is the key. Computers are very complex beasts and there are a lot of potential speedups or slowdowns you might never think of - memory bank order, thermal throttling and compiler optimizability can drastically change the results, just to name a few. Computational complexity is totally fine as an angle to find new possible optimizations, but in the end, you need to compare it to the other approaches and see what actually works.

[0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21743424
Most storage media (DRAM[0], SSD, etc) do reads by pages anyways, so processing other bytes in that page is fast as they have already been fetched.

[0]: https://www.systemverilog.io/ddr4-basics
I saw levels - was interesting. What did you find useful about it? Learning about the loop and which foods impacted glucose?
Thanks, did not check as I think I remember HN telling me about that on submission. Seems I should check better next time.

Interesting discussion there fortunately.
It’s not dead. It was popular because of it’s novelty, and now it’s just another form of communication or content consumption. Unfortunately for Clubhouse, that means that as soon as big social networks copy you, you need to innovate or die. Network effects of bigger social media are too powerful for Clubhouse, so it’s a bit of an unfair fight.
Outer walls generally consist of a layer of cheap bricks or concrete on the inside (made flat with stucco), nice looking bricks on the outside, with isolation foam in the middle.

Load bearing inner walls consist of cheap bricks or concrete. Other inner walls are usually gypsum.
I remember the days when I used hiren's boot cd to resolve most problems.
I built a deck last summer, during the heightened wood prices. We had planned it out prior to the prices going dramatically up and it was slightly painful to my wallet, but not nearly as bad as everyone seemed to be making it out to be.

Due to the unique design of my deck, we used 2x10x20' pressure treated southern yellow pine for all the joists. I paid $96 each for #1 kiln dried after treatment (KDAT) boards from a local lumber yard. At the time I bought these, Lowe's was selling wet (not KDAT) #2 2x10x20' for about $90 each. Today, Lowe's has those same boards priced at $80 each locally.

So if today is after the price slump compared to last year, the prices aren't actually THAT much lower for a rather specialty size of lumber. But it might be easier to get boards now and more common sizes definitely have come down in price. I had about a 3 week wait on some of my lumber and a 2+ month delay on my composite decking boards.

All in all, if I had waited to build my deck until this summer I might have saved 10-20% over what I paid last year for all my materials. But I had the time to do the work last year and I do not have the time to do the work this year. And lumber was only about 33% of the total cost of my deck build, the other 67% were non-wood items which have had pretty steady prices like composite decking, aluminum railings, connectors/bolts/screws, waterproofing materials (for under-deck storage), and concrete.
I used to love Weather Underground, but I stopped using them when they killed public API access. I get that they were trying to make money from products using their API, but they're making money on data from personal weather stations so at a minimum I would have liked to see a reasonably priced API plan.
Standard is plaster applied directly to bricks / blocks for external walls and then plasterboard used for internal walls. Increasingly plasterboard is used for all walls.
is someone trying to take away your car or is this some sort of New Green Deal fearmongering? Or do you actually feel personally attacked just by people suggesting you give up your car?
You can organize your packages however you want if you write and register a new module loader.
> . I git rid of my car when I moved to London,

Yes, and if you hadn't moved to London then you would indeed have a car and consider it being part of your transportation "must haves"

In most of North America, and now Latin America and bits of Asia, car dependancy is a serious problem, cities being built, such as in China which are wholly car depending, and designed to punish non-car moving people, it is a bad, bad, bad state of affairs

Hopefully eventually most cities will move to a scheme closer to London's, but if anything, things might be moving the other way
The media keeps spinning the world is about to end and it is impossible to raise fund. And yet here we are. $30M
But…are they ignorant? I’d argue that your UI/UX is successful if your lowest common denominator user likes it and finds it comfortable to use.

I have seen a lot of software products fail over my career that was designed by developers who created UI that they liked and thought was the pinnacle of interface design. Users hated it. Most devs don’t think like regular users.
I am shocked at the weak level of statistical nerdery here. What, not even a p value? I was expecting at least a Bayesian analysis, and preferably something complex involving permutation tests and the Poisson bootstrap. Then, call in the data visualization nerds and use ggplot2 with the viridis magma theme, plus a recherché extension available only on github.
I would cut the old ones every tree years
And cdr-coded lists, or sublists, can have vastly improved cache performance, especially when you have a transporting GC.
It’s OPEC not your local gas station. To be fair everybody in the chain is making lots of money, but the high prices come from sanctioning Russia and OPEC not boosting production because they like money and have limited remaining oil.
It actually doesn't work for Americans who write:

mm dd yyyy
Ah, thanks, I had forgotten about that.
I use Ventoy[0] for this purpose (multi boot drives). With it you only have to format the drive once. Ten you just copy .iso images to the drive as files and they become available to boot from. It's great.

[0] https://www.ventoy.net/
Bad phrasing. I read it as 60 sessions, five sessions per week within a three-month period
daily session x 60

math checks out
Dutch security service uses Pegasus software: Volkskrant
> I'm genuinely confused about what you're trying to explain to OP

That people adapt. That deeply held beliefs about the importance of
some things turn out to be skin-deep.
> I can almost guarantee you that any codebase with a "Player" class that looks anything like your example is a very poor codebase. It shows me they just didn't know where to start, so they started by throwing everything in there.

And then there is Unreal Engine 5's ACharacter class[0] :-P. I recommend checking the superclasses too.

[0] https://docs.unrealengine.com/5.0/en-US/API/Runtime/Engine/G...
"cash in the bank" is an oxymoron. But by "cash" you mean any form of fiat, ok.

So then your definition of "useful" = "accepted as payment in fiat only establishments". By definition, these establishments will only accept fiat. So you are just defining "useful" = "fiat". Sure, by that definition only fiat is "useful". Definitions like that don't bring any new information.

A better definition is "X is useful if I can convert X into a burrito".

You can do that with DOGE or any crypto, anywhere Visa is accepted (for example with Lemon cash).

You can also do that without Visa, it just requires more work: first exchange your crypto in a P2P network, then pay burrito
Ask HN: Where can I find public domain score sheets for free?
Hi,

I wanted to play a traditional Swedish song on my piano. When looking for the score sheets, both Google and DuckDuckGo seem to be littered with big budget startups that use "SEO" and all dark patterns in the world to direct search engine traffic towards their paywall. (I'm looking at you Musescore!)

Are there any "free and not dodgy like Wikipedia" websites where one can find public domain piano score sheets?
Buy a Pixel 5a and install GrapheneOS on it. Install signal and disable the rest of the apps. Done.
Properly normalized data isn't just faster, it's also easier to work with for the end user. There are much less exceptions, edge cases and snafus to work around and test for. If you're talking about the transition period between formats, well yeah, you're gonna see things breaking. But these were already broken, just not in apparent ways. In the end, everybody wins.
yea the "well I can do it so you can to" approach is pretty weak. I'm not sure how good faith the original comment is being anyways, but I don't think this response is very effective regardless. It should at least be caveated with "if you are in a similar location to London" or "your car will be replaced by effective public transit".

"You'll adapt just like I did" is not very convincing for the majority of people.
IIR, three problems with reprocessing and fast breeders:

- Reprocessing generally involves plenty of kinda-horrific chemicals, and radioactive waste sludge stuff which is also (chemically) pretty horrific. With the (long, bad) track record of such facilities...yeah. Pretty hard to fault anyone who's a NIMBY about 'em.

- Reprocessing technology is a critical piece of having a nice, efficient modern nuclear weapons program. That gets into non-proliferation efforts, politics, and how well most national leaders react to "we can have & use that handy technology, but you can't".

- Fast breeder reactors are another really-important part of having a nice, efficient modern nuclear weapons program.
If you look at the last decade, gas consumption has been going up even if the share of electric vehicle has been going up.
Why?
Because people with ice vehicles have been buying suv and pickups in higher percentage and driving more. So the average personal “car” consumption is up.

I’m not as gloomy. I can acknowledge progress. But when it comes to cars, it’s been worse, not better. But at least now the technology is better and can hope for the curve to finally invert itself.
There are three bubbles.
>Big-O assumes all "operations" are equally costly. That's not the case on real hardware, and pretty much never has been

Assuming that operations take a linear amount of time (i.e. multiplying three times takes three times as long as multiplying once) this won't affect the asymptotic behavior.

>Big-O assumes that only asymptotic behavior matters, but real-world workloads have finite input sizes.

This is definitely something to keep in mind when analyzing algorithms, but that does not imply asymptotic complexity is not useful when analyzing performance. There are other measures (e.g. how an algorithm performs on a random small input, or maybe your domain is restricted somewhat) and sometimes those measures areore useful than big O, but big O remains useful, it just is not the end all be all.
I am certainly exaggerating a lot, but the point still stands.

Imagine a box with an input slot on one side and output slot on the other. We say "look, we have reduced input flow by X% this year, it is even more than last year. Surely we are doing great or at least acceptable?". But if we go around and measure the output flow and it is always increasing, then I must say the actions are not so great.

I do realize that for example we may be slightly slowing are acceleration rate compared to the situation if we did nothing, but in the end the result is not acceptable. We need an active GH gasses sequestration technologies deployed on the planetary scale, that is the only way to do anything for climate - to introduce actual negative flows in the equation. Decreasing emissions won't work alone.
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A bit odd to see punk genre's included, and for sludge to be so far away from hardcore punk. Also seem disconnected, which wouldn't be right since sludge is often described as doom metal + hardcore punk (although their have been plenty of bands with other influences as well)
then he should test it against ringbuffers, IMHO.
>> Early in your career, you can learn 10x more in a supportive team in 1 year, than coding on your own (or with minimal feedback) for 5 years.

> I learned 10x more coding C++ and Rust in my room, watching Twitch streams of people doing interesting things and watching Cppcon talks

Exactly! You had a whole team supporting you, asynchronously.