skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Plutonium-239 [0] is the byproduct of the fission process in Uranium-235 [1], of which the fuel pellets are composed.

The modern, large scale nuclear reactor was designed for making plutonium, not energy [2].

PU-239 has a half life (meaning it will be emit half as many radioactive particles per second) of 24,000 years. PU-239 is a gamma emitter [3], meaning its radioactive particles can slice through DNA, causing chromosomal and heritable damage.

So... it's not quite accurate to say they're "not dangerous." BTW, there is no way to "dilute" radiation, it doesn't work that way. Radiation comes from subatomic particles, not the matter they're contained in. Moving the matter (container) around doesn't "dilute" the particles, it only exposes more people to them!

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium-239

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium-235

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanford_Site

[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray
I've always wondered about this too, but kind of landed on something like this:

Sure, there might be (and probably is) life out there that falls so far outside our definition of "life" that we would never detect it. If it's undetectable, and maybe even incomprehensible, to us, then what's the point in even thinking about it in the context of a "search for life"? What we really mean by the question "Is there life out there?" is "Is there life out there that's similar enough to the life we see on Earth that we could recognize it as such and interact with it?"

I don't have a good way to phrase what I'm getting at without sounding dismissive - I do think it's interesting to think about other forms of "life", but it seems almost philosophical at that point and not scientific.
It shows how there are two types of mathematics; research-level math in which important stuff is proved, and then teaching/pedagogical math, which doesn't get as much attention. I don't think teachers, authors get enough credit. There are also a huge differences in individual ability eve
between math PHDs and profs. This may see obvious but the differences can be huge.
Current humans are great for classification. A human is often non-explainable, can be non-deterministic and only as good as it’s training data.

Yes humans can be used to discover asteroids. BUT every asteroid needs to be checked by a human (or AI) and some will undoubtably be false positives.

We often can’t explain from the brain itself.

Humans don’t make discoveries.

(I guess you get my point.)
What do people expect when buying a mostly plastic safe?
Happy to help. I'm starting to think there's a reason so many of us end up going off to live in the woods.

Don't be afraid to try new random things, not everything will resonate with you until eventually something does. You've got nothing to lose but time, and odds are that is already being wasted in ways that don't positively contribute to your well being.
Gravity giveth and taketh, it’s fun to think about where that energy went in the meantime :)
The issue is that you need to apply a time to the certificate path validation (RFC 5280). If you apply the current time after certificate expiration, the validation will fail. But if you have no proof of when the signature was actually created, then using an earlier time incurs the risk of judging a fraudulent signature as being valid. This can be due to key compromise, for example, or due to algorithm compromise. In the context of signatures, timestamps serve exactly the purpose of providing the proof that the signature was created before a possible compromise. If however one doesn’t apply the same logic to the timestamp signature itself, the whole exercise becomes moot.

Of course, after a risk assessment you may still decide to treat an expired signature (timestamp) as valid in a concrete case, but it would be a questionable practice to do so in general for an automated validation procedure. It would effectively mean that you ignore the expiration date of certificates and treat them as being valid indefinitely. Those expiry dates exist precisely to contain the risk of fraudulent key use. Accepting signatures after certificate expiration without having proof of when the signatures were created completely undermines that mechanism.

An additional issue is that CAs are not required to maintain and publish revocation information (via CRL/OCSP) for expired certificates, which means that in general you lose the ability to even check the certificate for revocation. This is why AdES formats provide the ability to store revocation information with the signature (and also timestamps). Of course, to make use of revocation information you have to validate the CRL/OCSP signatures, which in the long run again requires adding timestamps covering those.
Yea seriously - interlacing made sense only for when it was actually required by the technology. We should have dropped it at the first chance we got
This was unfortunate timing given the greater macroeconomic environment and other BNPL players getting taken to the woodshed. No surprise, then, that Affirm sees yet another hit (-4% today) down to $24 from their $176 highs...
The work of the engineers that kept him alive was all done before the accident, not simultaneous to it. When the accident was unfolding, the engineers were either unaware or assumed the pilot was dead.
Now you have gotten me thinking that there is an alternative universe where this in fact did happen! :D

I truly respect Tesla engineering and wish them no ill will but what a hilarious outcome that would be.
I believe these types of arguments should start with "What about..." sir. Also not sure how we got to fossil plants...
That's really fantastic to hear. Another commenter said that Nursing is very brutal and abusive. I've heard the same said about medical school. How do you feel about this based on your first hand experience?
Criticism of Muhammad
I already mentioned the brand: SMEG.

This is what I've got:

https://www.smeg.com/products/C9IMX9-1

This is a cooktop with knobs (they have several more):

https://www.smeg.com/products/SI364BM
if it was the conjecture, it would be in the headline
The breakup fee isn’t an option he can just use when he pleases. It’s only there as a fee he pays if outside forces prevent the deal from closing.
I think he didn't wave due dillegence, but his due dilligence was based on public filings that Twitter made, which may prove to be wrong.
I'd be tickled if Python would singlecore the way I think it should singlecore. Unfortunately, it remains considerably slower even than JavaScript (never mind Go, Java, etc). A lot of bad choices that can't easily be undone without breaking compatibility for a handful of packages, and the Python leadership seems unable or unwilling to guide the community through those changes.
Install dependencies with apt (a few popular pages on google for this). Download tarball. Configure. Final step is ‘make altinstall’ and then you can use it standalone. If you already use virtual environments you would then recreate your venv and the rest of your experience would remain the same. I’d share actual syntax but I’m mobile right now.

Alternatively a tool like pyenv makes this much easier.
In still air surely so, where people are I guess there's a lot of convection.
Ilya Shapiro resigns from Georgetown following reinstatement after tweet inquiry
> I didn’t appreciate it at the time, but the suit’s pressurization had also provided physical protection from intense buffeting and g-forces

What is "buffeting"?
Plate tectonics helps with carbon recycling and regulating the temperature of the planet.

Temperature drops, rainfall drops (less evaporation), rock weathering slows down (rock weathering normally removes CO2 from the atmosphere).

With plate tectonics, volcanism continues to spew CO2 in the atmosphere, temperature eventually rises. Negative feedback.

No plate tectonics, no volcanism, albedo increases, temperature drops further. Positive feedback.
I wish we could ban Musk topics. Comments are always a cesspool
I maintain some OSM data-mangling code - moderately popular perhaps, but certainly not core - and even that has 840 github stars. I'd take the "dozens" as poetic licence really.
it’s a nonsense argument, most people (including musk) couldn’t even articulate robust criteria for measuring a “non-human” user — musk himself has undermined his position on this topic multiple times.

Twitter has never claimed that the number is accurate nor important in absolute terms (“we aren’t sure” features prominently in their filings!) rather it’s a number that is important for understanding growth and evolution of the platform. The number matters quarter-to-quarter, not in isolation.

Active human users matters in the context of advertising, it’s a pointless distraction that musk is employing to back out of the deal.

Let’s imagine there is a real measure of “non-human users” and lets say it turns out that Twitter underestimated by 50%… so? Musk long said he wasn’t buying Twitter as a financial move, and that he has a plan to be wildly profitable off of a small proportion of twitter’s users so unless 95% of twitter’s users aren’t real, it doesn’t impact his (absurd and ridiculous) plan.
You forgot the 15 CAB calls and Change Requests, PTWs and the general wall of ITIL process drag that you need to get through to get the machine racked, stacked, powered and brought online
3) Refuse to be on call
Apple Pay Later is the company’s take on a buy now, pay later service
I feel like clubhouse is A16z's greatest expected to be success flop. They invested heavily into this app both time, clout and money. Not that I think VCs are able to see the future but they do uptalk the vantage point they have being able to see the bleeding edge in live time. This one shows that even with the advantage that they didn't see it with the right perspective.

FWIW I really enjoyed in the early days when there were certain people on platform. After a bit it became dilutive in content quality and it sadly seemed more like hucksters on platform. If Clubhouse has done a post mortem on how they didn't convert their insane growth - I wager it was that they didn't screen quality.
Citation that they are only using 100 accounts? Elon said it, but is there a cite?

Twitter CEO said they use “thousands” selected randomly and reviewed by multiple humans.
This illustrates my point
That's not a point, you just replaced words but his is true and yours is not. Unless you can explain why "Humans don't make discoveries" is true??? Also this is a VERY tired trope in Hacker News. Please stop doing this.

Here's the gist: A human can show that 50 people are dying of cancer because they were recently exposed to toxic sludge.

An AI can't say a bunch of people were exposed to toxic sludge - it can only raise your prediction of getting cancer because you live near such and such coordinates (the coordinates where toxic sludge exist - but that's not visible to the AI)
Nowhere Twitter claims that. For years they don’t report active users, but their own metric of monetizable active users. Elon just pretends he doesn’t know that.
More than $1bn. It’s damages (i.e. how much he would have overpaid) - so more like $15bn. The $1bn is for if outside forces (e.g. antitrust laws) prevented the deal from closing.
Nah, elementary particles ftw
You write a program that writes part of the program for you.
It would be interesting to know exactly what the definition is for a bot / fake account.

For instance, I have 5 accounts which automatically tweet out the latest posts from 5 of my websites. They are automated and probably technically bots, but that seems different than an account that is meant to give fake likes/retweets.
> BLM's arguments register to me as sensational and consistently seem to fall apart in the face of basic statistics.

Do you have any examples of this?
Show HN: Chesskool – Platform for Chess Improvement
Launch day is here!
This has been my passion project, to recreate Duolingo for chess!

I always thought Duolingo had amazing "hooks" to help people learn new languages, so I implemented its spaced-repetition, reports and daily and weekly training reminders in a Chess learning platform for chess improvers!

I built it in Meteor.js and React.js. I chose Meteor to be able to add Cordova in the future.

The Caro-Kann course (for white) is completely free, if you guys want to try it.

What do you folks think?
I don't know -- most implementations on popular architectures only have two (low order) bits for tagging due to alignment issues, so there may not be room. Might be easier in the case of a RISC V with the tagging extension.

Also it would be possible to implement such an approach in a C++ list container where you don't need boxing (the content type is known).
By data structure standards, the requisite amount of "fanciness" to implement a queue in a vector is table stakes, hardly even worth 10 minutes of class time at the sophomore level, if not simply given out as homework. It is no problem at all to put a queue in a vector. You'd need a doubly-linked list for this, too, and as the article mentions, your linked-list queue is likely to lose just on malloc & free (or local equivalents) versus the vector.

(The best optimization you could do in such a case would be to allocate multiple slots per pointer, to amortize the malloc/free time. Then you'd want to run benchmarks to tell what the optimal amount of slots would be. If a vector is optimal, as I strongly expect it would be, the answer would come out to be, "all of them".)

Modern processors move chunks of RAM around really quickly. They're really optimized for it. It is one of the major things I'm referring to when I say our systems have been optimized for C. I often wonder about what an architecture designed in a world where linked lists were dominant would look like. However, it is certainly not this world.
Leave it to Australia to insure the corrupt get paid for getting covered & their feelings hurt. This country has such a bloodthirsty legal system with regard to hurt feelings & the rights to privacy for ultra-wealthy world-burning imperialist fatcats.

Personally the world is so bad & there's so many pieces of shit out there that I think humor is the only possible convcievable way to view things. The Daily Show certainly helped the world tune in to understand & grasp what was going on, to see it with enough slant & mirth & ridiculousness to be worth watching, & not just the saddest sorriest tragedy.
>First, AI can quickly read through the scientific literature, allowing it to learn the fundamental rules, facts, and equations of science, and help scientists manage the flood of papers and data that is drowning every field.

That's the first in a series of bs claims. AI tools can, in time, bring an engineering revolution but a new scientific dark age whereby idiots with little to no domain knowledge use "ai" tools such as the super resolution ones mentioned, draw wrong conclusions and then publish them so other idiots can do flawed ai-powered (or not) meta-analysis and further damage the state of concensus and integrity in their field.
Arm A-Profile Architecture Developments 2021
They need to be geologically stable. Where could Japan dig such that they could be sure the site wouldn't be disturbed by a volcano or earthquake?
It may be the case that Windows behaves that way, but it means that if the signature and timestamp were fraudulently created after the fact, enabled by a key compromise or an algorithm compromise, Windows would incorrectly treat them as valid although they aren’t.
Why would they waste their time on something that's, as been found time and time again, simply doesn't work? US policy is shaped by lobby groups, not voter's beliefs.
Comments aren't bad per se, but they should explain Why vs. How.
Eh, the article's about a safe with a keypad.

An attacker who can intercept and replay the comms between the keypad and the controller, can probably also intercept and replay the signals from the physical buttons into the keypad's microchip. Or perhaps more likely, point a hidden camera at the keypad.
Isn't hierarchy standing in for encapsulation here? Companies interact with one another in a coordinated way with neither a hierarchy, nor needing to know what every other company is doing
You mentioned in another post how rewarding it was for you to support a friend and how much more meaningful it felt (contrasted to your joyless office job).

You have a lot of expertise in your field, would becoming a freelancer trainer or coach be an option? For example, running short (1-5 days) on-site courses at different companies. I can imagine it might be rewarding to impart you expertise to the attendees - the feeling of satisfaction of helping others. Best of luck whatever you decide.
New ways to share and communicate in iOS 16
There are much, much, much more accessible sources for the radioactive materials for a dirty bomb.

https://thebulletin.org/2014/01/mexicos-stolen-radiation-sou...
In other words - if you can't observe it, does it really exist?
Wouldn't that be a bad example? That they could still snip the better locks seems like they're not really better. In general, you would want a lock that they would need a special tool that they didn't bring. For example, maybe the thief could have cut(saw) the higher end locks, but they only brought bolt cutters because they're faster and work on 90% of the locks.
I'm not "very online" at all and I felt like I heard about Clubhouse constantly when it launched.
You make lot of false assumptions
Social conservative believe poor should have opportunities and self determination.

Work hard, plan smart. Make money. Keep your own money and build wealth.
High taxes and regulation stop that.

Welfare creates dependence on government and destroys morale. Why work hard if you get free money? Oh you decided to get a job to earn a bit. Let's cut off all your welfare so you're stuck forever.

Guns are two fold.
* Do you have the right to defend yourself?
* Keeping government from getting too out of control.

China is locking people into buildings, letting them starve to death. Anyone that disagrees is silenced or disappeared.
They have death camps where they are committing genocide and using them for cheap organ harvesting. If those people had a 2nd amendment then much of that nonsense wouldn't be possible.

49 senators just voted to allow a 9 month old baby thats half way out to be killed. Anyone that supports this or votes for someone that does is just plain evil.
Yes, his mental load must be so much lower than someone who needs to juggle all of those tasks. Hat tip for the term "administrivia" -- I never saw it before!
HA! It feels like I'm having a discussion with myself right now!

Believe it or not, this is very comforting to know that others feel the same more or less, like me.
indeed, a LOT of problems boil down to satifiability problems that are super easily expressed in PROLOG. I was recently musing about some of the problems with "automated" ffmpeg processing of obscure files (things like realvideo, etc), because there are a lot of edge cases in terms of filters that can't work on X color space or whatever, and the obvious solution that presented itself was a prolog rules/knowledge base that "understands" the conversion process and finds appropriate filters to put together a chain between some arbitrary input and output tuples.
Looks like with "PEP 659: Specializing Adaptive Interpreter"[1] and typing[2] we're slowly building a faster language

[1] https://docs.python.org/3.11/whatsnew/3.11.html#pep-659-spec...
[2] https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html
Not really a lie. They said it was an estimate. I.e. they are not claiming 5% is true, just that it’s their best guess.
It would be interesting to see how this translates to the newer Arm/M1 type processor. My experience with timing wisdom over the years is that things that are slow at one point (because of things like cache misses, etc), shift over time. I find I have to frequently recalibrate my expectations of "whats fastest".
The whole thing is bad faith. Twitter’s SEC filings clearly state that the number of bots could be higher: https://twitter.com/jowens510/status/1533853572374220801?s=2...
The SEC has little to do with the legal merger agreement. That will be executed (or not) under Delaware corporate law.
"optimizes for bacteria that infects animals rather than humans."

But then there is horizontal gene transfer.

The world has a lot to be scared of. Ive had an easy life, save for one or two experiences that have dwindled what truly frightens me a lot:

- Dying after my kids (unless my kids have a tremendous disability. Then my fear is reversed)

- Facing God, if He exists. If He doesn't, the nothingness of space.

Pain was on the list, but a bone marrow biopsy knocked it off. A world without modern antibiotics doesn't scare me. Much anyway.
All-in-all I think Python has done a remarkably good job at living up to that quote, with three caveats:

The first is that I think actually achieving a hard-mode form of that quote and maintaining it through the lifetime of the language is impossible in practice and theory. (Even "mostly" living up to the quote is an achievement.)

The second is that I am unsure about the obvious qualifier. Certainly I can recognize pythonic and non-pythonic constructs in python; but whether the difference is actually obvious or just a result of experience combining with community consensus I can't say.

The third is that I don't think the language is Pareto efficient between readability and most other variables. For instance, I've had code criticized as non-pythonic that was just as readable as the offered pythonic version, but had greater run-time efficiency. (To be fair, this is only an issue if you define the 'pythonic' way to be the 'one obvious way'.)
I don't follow that line of reasoning. The NSA massively invading the privacy of Americans, often without disclosure, has nothing to do with a Pepsi vs Coke scenario.

This isn't a competition between two corporations, this is about democracy and people's rights. What is this other side you would like to see presented more "impartially"?

PS: [a completely fictional scenario] if a leak disclosed that Coca-Cola was secretly implanting mind-controlling substances via their soft drinks, and that these substances made every consumer broadcast their most intimate thoughts to Coke marketing execs, you should publish this and damn Coke. Who cares about what Pepsi is doing? Their turn will come.
Google Is Liable for Defamatory Videos Targeting Lawmaker, Court Rules
Sure, but they still get jobs building software is what I mean.
It seems interesting if it's possible to do those things "offline" without them getting taken over by "hustle", but not online.

Like, at a bar, club, or sporting event in "real life", you might occasionally run into a finbro trying to talk to you about crypto, but it's not the dominant experience.

But is there no way to do the equivalent things online (and there's no obvious reason there shouldn't be an online equivalent to a party or club or even sports league) without it being taken over by people who are there only to build their hustle?
On the flip side, having used C++, python+javascript (ahhhh) and Rust concurrency, I found the assurance and debuggabilty the type system gives you very relaxing. I can simply break down the problem into "model business logic" and "make the compiler happy" and if I have solved both problems without escape hatches it's not easy to mess up concurrency in Rust (in my opinion). And the ecosystem might be complex, but it's not unnecessarily complicated: basically everything is there for a reason and allow you to hack as much as possible while staying in the promises that rust gives you.
I was thinking the exact same thing. https://awaymsg.io/ with a shorter link for sharing https://amsg.io/wartron.

Right now its more of a "Link In Bio" type side, but to make that less strict, and more of a tiny site.