skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Which is why I put all the logic into a single place.

Extra methods on Django Models? Nope. A function in my business logic package which takes a model instance as parameter? Yes. Models should only contain data.

Huge views that do more than one thing? Nope. A function, or a class, in my business logic package which takes the request data (POST form, GET query string) and returns the data to feed to the template and/or the "state" needed to decide which template to render? Yes. Views should be small.

Also, split your templates, don't be afraid of `{% include %}` (which works well with HTMX as well).

This methodology also have another huge advantage. If you need to walk away from Django, you can. Your business logic won't change that much (there are not many difference between a Django Model instance and an SQLAlchemy model instance, or even a MongoEngine model instance). Your business logic knows nothing of HTTP or serialization.

Django, and Flask or any other framework are just the glue between the WSGI/ASGI and your business code.

If your code is async but your web framework isn't, you can still put a `asyncio.run` or `trio.run` inside your view, and you won't have to change a thing once you switch to an async web framework.

Basically, I use Django for:

- the ORM
- the Forms
- the routing with urls.py
- the settings management
- the templating engine
- the builtin User system
- the builtin admin website
- the vast ecosystem (django-anymail, django-tailwind, django-money, django-flags, django-social-auth, ...)

What I dislike about Flask is:

- routing is tied up to the views (via a decorator)
- the request object is a global singleton instead of a function parameter
- no builtin admin website (this is just so useful to get things going at the beginning)
- there is a lot of boilerplate to make the different extensions work together where django is just about adding a string to INSTALLED_APPS
It's not really up to Turkey [or Türkiye] how the English language spells their country's name, is it? Any more than it's England's* business how Turkish speakers spell İngiltere

*[other English speaking countries are available]
No, in Germany it just means what it says. If you wanted them to speak slower you would have asked them to.
First off, safely using a generator to power eg your home furnace requires some costly wiring and installation of a transfer switch (yes you can do it more jankily but let’s please not.) Moreover: this installation does not compete with the cheapest portable generator at Home Depot, I assume it competes with a dedicated standby generator. Those are much more expensive, and run closer to $3k without installation (which is way more: they require a pedestal and a bunch of hardwiring and a dedicated fuel tank/gas connect.) I looked into a standby generator after an all-day wintertime power outage: it was both annoying and cost-prohibitive. If I could protect my home pipes from freezing in such a future outage by using my existing vehicle, that would be amazing. My threat model here is not “prepper looking for weeks of regular grid independence”, it’s “cheap and clean way of keeping my pipes from freezing during a 1-3 day wintertime power outage.” If I can amortize the electrician cost of installing a charger while also getting this feature, that’s even better.
Intuitively, and ignoring the constraint of the values being (A|2A) if I just assign a random number value to each envelope, does the order in which I have assigned the random numbers change the amount of information I have? I suspect not.

However, I now have two random integers with no bits of information about either, where I have now removed information from the system (the relationship between the number of envelopes and the contents of one being twice the other), while leaving the states of the system intact.

The envelope I in effect already have yields no bits of information because I didn't choose it, it is just the random (no information) one I start with, whereas the fact of the existence of the second envelope contains more information than my current envelope selection, and I have a decision to make about whether to switch.

The null state of the system is me holding an envelope with no information, and addition of a second envelope is a new state of possibilities, where the information in this two envelope system is now non-zero.

The decision with the most information is to switch. This additional information is independent of the implied desire for (A|2A), whereas the original problem is defined as the best possible decision is the one with the most information.

Further, if I perform some operation with those two random integers (Za and Zb), the result has less "entropy" than the two random inputs in isolation, as by correlating them via a function I have produced some non-zero negentropy between them, say using xor, which is how I added information back into the system after removing it using the random numbers.

I get this new number N composed of my two random numbers ( N = xor(Za, Zb) ), and I need to apply it to my choice of, not which envelope to select first (A|B) - but whether I should switch. The only way to get this number with information in it is to have assigned a random number to both envelopes and used the two bits of negative information to cancel each other - and therefore the only choice with non-zero information is the one which includes both envelopes - hence the decision to switch is the only one that yields the non-zero information outcome.

Again, intuitively it seems related to how multiplying two negative integers yields a positive one, multiplying two entropy (negative information) sources yields negentropy (positive information). That could further imply that the information in the decision to switch is also based on whether the number of envelopes is even or odd, or maybe prime or composite? Sounding this out, it may also be related to graphs where the number of nodes/edges (where edges represent switching decisions and nodes envelopes) either forms a closed path or open one, and in the case of an even number of envelopes you get the max information by swtiching n-times, and in the case of odd ones, you switch n+1 times.

Short version is, the choice with the highest number of bits of information in the two envelope case is to switch because it is predicated on there being more envelopes than the one you have started with.
Firefox 101
then you probably work at my old job ;)
I support the right of people to speak whatever and however they want. If people want to speak English, just let them. Languages are tools, they are not pieces of art to be kept around for your own amusement, they are not religious texts dictated from a higher power. They are something that arises from the people for the sake of the people themselves.

French, Italian, Spanish came about when Latin got corrupted and hybridized with other languages, changing its sounds and evolving together with the people that spoke them.

English itself is basically 30% French - and yet it's still English, isn't it? Loanwords are just what they are - loanwords. In the end, the end goal is to be understood, and to understand those that speak to you, and if a loanword expresses a concept in a way that's more broadly understood and universally recognized (i.e., "computer"), why should people reject it?

The whole concept of "language purity" is just a silly show of chauvinism, a "fear" of contamination from foreign influence that ignores the fact that all languages are artificial constructs. Most national languages have been born out of coercion and nationalism, and only in recent times they have been "standardized". Most languages are basically just the dialect of the capital, that for some queer reason was picked to be the most noble of them all.

Knowing English is crucial and its teaching should be of paramount importance because it has become the lingua franca of the modern world. It's the koiné that allows people from various backgrounds and various places to communicate. It allows people to cut intermediaries and learn from each other, directly, what other parts of the world have to say, removing from governments and national media the ability to spin things around.

I know lots of people that only know Italian, and thus only know what the Italian media wants to talk about, or cares about. Local languages quickly become a way to gatekeep people, and cut them out of the source of global discussion about topics and ideas.

I personally think that languages should be taught and preserved, because every single language you know gives you a different outlook on life, things, and concepts. Every tongue has its set of things it cares about, its own history, its own value, and everyone should be bilingual to truly understand that there's a wider world outside of their small garden. We cannot, however, allow this to hamper the progress we've made in understanding each other. We should always keep our mother tongue close to us, without forgetting what languages are for.
> Normally candidates aren't nervous, but just can't program.

How do you know their level of nervousness? You can't read minds.
That kind of idiot would hopefully also not do the math on how many cycles electric vehicle batteries can take and thus how much such a battery pack depreciates per cycle. In all but the most extreme grids, the amount of depreciation is vastly larger than the amount of money you could possibly hope to gain by arbitraging electricity prices. There is a reason that true large-scale storage is so far almost exclusively the domain of pumped hydro, which has a much longer life in terms of cycles than batteries.

(Before anyone brings up the Tesla battery in Australia, that is an edge case where the grid needed more capacity for grid stabilisation. Almost anywhere where you would find one of the electric pickups from the article would also have a stable enough grid that you cannot replicate that with the car battery.)
Seems like I'm a 0.01x Engineer lol; I lack so many characteristics from the list to call myself "1x Engineer".
Step 1 is not calling yourself a freelancer. That word is tainted by the likes of Upwork and Fiverr. It conjurs an image of someone who's desperate for work.

You're a contractor. Specialize, both in industry and technology. Especially nicheing down on a "boring" industry can give you work until you retire. Experienced devs with domain knowledge will always be sought after.
People that buy $100k EVs aren’t worried about ROI.

FWIW, Ford has sold out of these for the next 2 years, so they must be doing something right.
A lot of this is just good advice about how to be a good teammate, regardless as to your talent or productivity level. A 2x or a 10x or a 100x engineer would do well to adhere to most of these points as well.
Having done this once myself, I will also add this: I'm in my mid-40s now, and arbitration triggered long-dormant school-type psychological patterns of "ohmigosh I'm going to get in trouble if I don't do this perfectly", or "What if I get B-?". The attorneys on the other side may even try to deliberately trigger these, they know the deal.

The reality is, if you bring an action, the worst case outcome is basically: You lose. Yup, losing sucks. But... that's it. It's not going to trash your credit record, cause your significant other to leave, get you held back a grade, result in being grounded, kill your job (barring bring arbitration against your employer, of course, even if law forbids it), etc. etc. Your brain may incorrectly assess the stakes as being far higher than they are because of the form of the matter. You may need to consciously control those patterns.

But if you want to be able to hold companies accountable, this is a big tool in your belt and if more people used it we'd probably see companies being less bold in screwing their customers over. It's a losing proposition for them from the moment you file. I certainly don't encourage frivolous filings, but by all means, when it isn't frivolous, think of it as a pro-social, pro-consumer action that you can take to bring companies to task and in at least in some small way represent other consumers who they probably screwed over too, but don't have the wherewithal to file arbitrations of their own.
10 days ago I had a 3 day power outage, and lost all the food in my fridge.

Generators are a giant PITA. You need to use and maintain them regularly or they're going to be broken and filled with stale gas when you need them. For something you only use once a decade or so, that's a big ask. Better to have something you use daily, like your truck, so you know it works.

A half charged vehicle is no problem during a grid failure. That's 150 miles. An EV gets better mileage in a traffic jam than it does at highway speeds, so it's a true 150 no matter road conditions. Also remember that you don't have to find a fast charger -- EV's can be trickle charged off a normal 115V outlet, and that's usually easier to find than gasoline during a crisis. All the gasoline stations around me last week either had multi-hour lineups or were out of gas.
while I don't see me buying one of these, its the most interesting auto feature I've seen in a very long time. I don't want backup power for when the grid fails, I want primary power for a small cabin I'm building far from available grid power. (I can get grid power run to my land, but it would cost me way more than this Ford to run the lines.)
I think it depends on the training.

If it'd DiAngelo style "separate people by skin color then have the white people stand up & admit guilt and the brown people stand up and admit they can't get ahead" then yeah, I'd draw comparisons to struggle sessions too.

But if it's like "hey your hospital serves this particular community that lots of challenging patients come from and we're going to talk about some of the history of how they were displaced from a different neighborhood (or something) and still fighting a particular uphill battle for these identifiable reasons X, Y, Z." then obviously it's helpful and I'd embrace it.

There is some seriously poisonous stuff masquerading under the 'equity' banner alongside some seriously necessary stuff.
I don't see how this is a paradox, much less a 'significant' philosophy problem. Ruling out Friday is fine, but the rest of the reasoning makes no sense.
I don't know, maybe a war is a bit different. For the first two weeks of it I could not really focus on anything work-related. Worrying whether your city gets captured by the enemy or heavily shelled, being constantly interrupted by air raid sirens, worrying how to replenish supplies, worrying about safety of your family, etc.

Even after I evacuated my family further from the action, we still had missile strikes and air raid warnings. Being away from home, learning about horrible things happening in your country, those things do not help with being productive.
These laws usually have loopholes, in the case of the job no longer existing. Which it is very easy to make a job no longer exist, especially in a 3 year time-span.
Based on this one comment, I think you should learn to disambiguate between facts and your subjective opinion.

We all have our preferences, obviously, but to assert that MacOS UI is 'a masterclass in bad design and lackluster features' is a grandiose exaggeration stated as fact.
Love the manifesto!

I get that the font is part of the joke, but it's unreadable to the point of being an accessibility issue. I have 20/20 eyesight with glasses, and had a mild headache by the time I got to the end. I like the idea, but feel that dialing it back sightly would be a worthwhile tradeoff :)
Do you have a link to data on Glycemic Load? Even if something appears to be acaloric it can set off cascading reactions that trigger insulin production in the liver that leads to fat storage. I know this is the case for many sweeteners, and they end up being no better than sugar.
It incentivizes lawyers who prefer expensive lawyering.

Competence is an orthogonal question.

Lawyers are basically mercenaries engaged in trial by combat, abstracted to an exchange of relevant facts and opinions.

It's not obvious that a battle between mercenaries is the best way to get a just result.

Considered systemically, lawyers also control legislation.

While it would be better for consumers to have much stronger protections, the people who make money out of weak protections are not incentivized to argue for stronger laws which would reduce their billable hours.
If everybody is 0.5x, everybody is 1x.
It's a thought experiment. It's not about envelopes of cash, it's about logic and game theory. Their usefullness can hardly be overstated.

But for what it's worth, there are a ton of thought experiments inspired by or lifted from the real world. The Monty hall problem is taken from a game show - it even has a contestant who must choose one of three doors...
* Can’t talk about their profession without the subtext that high performers are necessarily problematic.
I’ve installed Debian on several different kinds of servers and personal computers and it’s been great. The political drama doesn’t affect me. The versions with nonfree drivers, it’s true, are not linked from the Debian website, but there is no problem in finding them. Software versions are not too old, and if I need a more recent release of a program that what’s in the package manager, so far I’ve had no problem finding a binary or compiling it—plus many projects have their own apt repositories, so you can integrate them into the package manager.

Before that I used Ubuntu, and find Debian to be a better experience. Especially lately: no need to know what a Snap is, or worry about what weird innovation the Ubuntu people are going to try next to compromise my privacy or security.
yeah - you better have your background story on that straight though, my next question would be "tell me about that" and then "what happened"
The thing that confuses me here is why these sites would 'merge' accounts if you sign it with another identity provider after supposedly having signed up with that email address separately. Shouldn't it just create another account? Or maybe say that the email associated with the account has already been used on this site, and to reset your password instead?

Feels like the issue stems from these sites opening a huge security hole in their sign up process in exchange for the tiniest piece of convenience that most people will never encounter or need.
Show HN: Light Therapy Knee Wrap Capstone Project
I'm going to present a critique similar to this one (
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31568047) but I'll try to slightly rephrase.

Suppose the amount in the envelope you choose is $100. If your amount is the smaller one, the other one has $200. If your amount is the larger one, the other one has $50. So the expectation supporting the switching argument is computed over two different scenarios, where the amounts in the envelopes are {50, 100} and {100, 200} respectively.

This calculation seems to violate a hidden logical constraint: the set of amounts in the two envelopes must be the same no matter what conditional branches we consider for the expectation.

Another related issue - if you switch, the argument for switching back assumes the amount in your original envelope is 4x what you originally said it was.
Your account and domain is also shadow banned on HN. Every comment that contains your domain name is now shown to other users, which in your case is 90% of the comments you make. To be honest every comment you make seems to have the goal to push your product, that's too much. https://news.ycombinator.com/threads?id=calltrak
Cypress PSocs [1] were super fun to use. Visually interconnecting PWM, ADC, DAC, OpAmp/comparator blocks and then accessing the "pins" in C code... It's like Arduino but you get to also compose the analog side. Back then it was an 24 MHz 8-bit controller, now it looks like they have some muscle in them.

PSOCs are very useful for things that interface with the world -- for example, they were used in the iPod touch wheel ... I've used them to make:

* hearing research devices (some filters in the analog side of the device)

* wearable DJ system (MIDI, ADC/DAC for controls, some PWM, some analog synth, capacitive sensing)

* smart sex toys (ADC/DAC/PWM, some filtering, capacitive sensing)

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypress_PSoC
What is the goal of this page? To make someone struggling with feeling that they aren't "10x" feel better? To define the good attributes of a standard engineer? To mock the idea of the "10x" engineer? All of the above?

I don't find it particularly effective at any of these. And let me join the chorus of folks saying; don't use Commodore 64 font. It's very inaccessible. Putting a button on the page to "fix" the problem you deliberately caused is a good indication you should't have done the thing the button fixes.
And then us engineers come in and fix education just like we did taxis (regulatory arbitrage, offloading costs to the ordinary workers in surprising ways they aren’t aware of, increasing traffic congestion throughout cities, but hooking people onto the rides with unsustainable loss making introductory prices long enough that alternatives such as regular cabs and public transport become worse).

Or the way we fixed productivity in ways that has led to no measurable increase in productivity despite nearly everyone having the most powerful device ever invented in the palm of their hands.

Or the way we fixed housing through regulatory arbitrage, once again, converting housing for residents into short term rentals for vacationers, making housing for residents more expensive globally and making their communities worse.

Or the way we fixed cable by going from bundled cable packages where we have to pay $70-$100 to get all our channels, to unbundled walled gardens where we have to pay $70-$100 to get a fraction of content plus we also have to pay internet fees in addition.

Or the way we fixed messaging and phone calls by taking something like a $1/yr WhatsApp membership that offered safe encrypted chat and converting it into a data harvesting machine.

Or the way we fixed stock investing by gamifying investing, bringing in a lot of people into active trading who have no business being in active trading and should just park their money in Fidelity, and then promising “free” trades by allowing big banks to trade against, leading to a massive wealth transfer from naive individuals to sophisticated banks at the best of times.

Or how we destroyed inflation through BTC.

Or saved art through NFTs.

The list just goes on.
Brian Eno is such a treasure. His fingerprints are on not just his own compositions but in his many collaborations, work as a producer, and also indirect influencer. It's so amazing that his life's work spans over 50 years and is still going.
I mean, can a x10 engineer read and update the docs too or is that only for the 1xs? I too am not too sure about many points in this list ... and also the point this page is trying to make.

We are all average engineers in the end, there's always someone more productive, with more experience, with more dedication, with more energy ... somewhere in your organisation. As long as the organisation can keep a learning and collaborative environment and the assholes at the door, I welcome as many 10x engineers as they will fit the room. But then if all your peers are 10x engineers ... they become 1xs ?
There is a button at top right ...
This reminds me of a former coworker. He would occasionally make mistakes, and was an okay programmer (in terms of writing code that'll scale). That said, he was an invaluable _team_ member who more than made up for his technical shortcomings by fostering camaraderie. I learned a lot from him in terms of how social environments can influence efficiency.

By contrast, we've all encountered good engineers who have brought down the efficiency of entire teams with their repulsiveness. This is particularly problematic if their technical ability doesn't exceed their costs to group efficiency.

P.S. I didn't find much issue with the font, and liked the ability to switch to a simpler style.