skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
My experience with Python is that a mid sized code base does not survive a full staff turnaround. So somewhere around the time the last original author is gone, the codebase becomes a haunted graveyard - scary to everyone. Also, unit tests are not a substitute for static typing - they obviously help a lot but don't prevent the degradation.

This is based on 3 different companies, of which all had decent developers who did follow good practices.
When I was initially exposed to Monty Hall, what confused me the most is that I didn't know that the host would always open a door with a goat, rather than just picking one of the remaining doors at random. In the latter case (i.e. the case where the host can pick a car), even provided that you are in the universe where he picked a goat, switching and staying both yield a 50% chance of success.
That doesn't make any sense at all then. Cars should sound like cars if you want to elicit the kind of response that a car would get in traffic, and should - if you want to go this way anyway - be as loud as a car is so that people will accurate judge its distance.
I don't think you want this, but just in case you do :)

def encapsulate(mod):
import types

out = types.SimpleNamespace()

def replace_global_scope(f):
# via https://stackoverflow.com/a/1144561, but tweaked for py3
return types.FunctionType(
f.__code__,
out.__dict__,
f.__name__,
f.__defaults__,
f.__closure__,
)

for name in dir(mod):
val = getattr(mod, name)
if callable(val):
val = replace_global_scope(val)
setattr(out, name, val)
return out
Not sure why you're confused.

Claim: "More guns means more suicides"

Fact A: "Countries with far fewer guns have more suicides"

Fact B: "Other countries with fewer guns have less suicides"

Fact A disproves the Claim.

Fact B does not, at most it shows guns aren't a factor either way. Is that what you're claiming? Guns have no impact on suicides?
Hard to say how it looked in Germany specifically, but consumer research models where established at that time and inspired the focus groups we have today.

I→C→A→B→S

Where formed in the beginning of 1960s.

Input (Advertising, word-of-mouth etc)

Cognitions (Belief/perception of brand)

Affect (Likeness/preference of the brand)

Behavior (Purchase of the brand)

Satisfaction (post-purchase evaluation)
Nerd-snipe: You can buy T1 simulators on ebay that would let you get the T1 link back up and running. :)
54 Sources of Dissonance
I definitely wish every home in America, warehouse, etc had solar on the roof.

For whatever reason, we haven’t gotten to that point. Still not cheap enough?

I was hoping Musk’s solar roof would be the start of something big.

At any rate, in 2060 maybe we’ll have incredible batteries, solar energy everywhere, but we’re already way behind schedule.

All this waiting for renewables has cost us years. It’s unlikely that we are going to avert significant climate issues.
> I've put in countless hours of work every day (70-90 hrs), being on-call almost 24/7, sometimes for straight 7 days for months

So why do you think you have the following:

> but unable to concentrate, riddled with brain fog

You're putting in WAY TOO MANY HOURS!

Stop doing overtime, and read this: https://www.7pace.com/blog/overtime-kills and http://blog.approache.com/2010/11/rules-of-productivity.html

On the career level: You are selling a service. You code, they pay. You are currently underselling yourself. Your boss comes to your car dealership, buys a car, and you give him 2 cars. Don't do that! Your boss pays for 40 hours, you do 40 hours. He wants more? He pays more. He thinks it's a bad deal? You go work somewhere else for someone that does want to pay for your service.

Even though you are an employee, imagine that you are a freelancer selling your service. No pay, no service. Pay for 40 hours, get 40 hours.
it's important to note that xylitol is a laxative. (and it is harmful or fatal to dogs)
Gelatine is a by-product of pig bone marrow which we have in surplus compared to pig meat consumption. Not one animal more will die when you decide to buy and consume a product containing gelatine. I mean, I respect the goal, but there's better choices to be made. If you want to avoid all products remotely containing pig (by-)product its a tough call. See e.g. book "Pig 05049" by Christien Meindertsma. She also gave a TED talk.
This is only true for string literals. Strings constructed at runtime may (and often will) end up as separate objects:

>>> a = "this is a long sentence in a string literal"
>>> b = "this is a long" + " sentence in a " + "string literal"
>>> a is b
False
>>> id(a)
4386376272
>>> id(b)
4387721264
>>> a == b
True
This sounds like shrinkflation? Those foam gummies take up more space with less sugar. Even if they're less liked, most people aren't going to put in any effort to source some sweets.
So you remove a full-featured product, albeit a bloated one, for one that has very limited functionality. So next time they go to sign a PDF or whatever they are going to say... hmmm, this person uninstalled something I actually use.
Why? FOSS is, at least initially, a charitable project. You work on a database for months then give it in its entirety away for free to all your potential customers and even your competitors with better established sales teams (e.g. Amazon).

They are explicitly not a charity. Isn’t it okay to be a for profit company that sells software with a closed copyrighted source?
is there an option to display two pages side-by-side for a PDF that I am missing?

I presume this is very common use-case for ebooks?
I had to revert back to 3.3, the EbookUI settings were removed in 3.4 and you cannot use custom fonts when reading EPUB files. It's unusable for me like this.
Not a study but Scott Alexander's essay touches the subject : https://slatestarcodex.com/2017/05/26/the-atomic-bomb-consid...

If I remember the summary correctly, it's a mix between having a lot of Ashkenazis jews (not just Hungary, but Eastern Europe in general) who for some reason tends to have a higher IQ than average (even other jew population), having specifically good education system at the time, and the good environment and emulation created by having very smart people together in a good education system.

I strongly recommend reading the essay
Given how many works survived simply due to dumb luck rather than deliberate preservation, I'm not convinced what we have is the "greatest hits" list. Consider how much of early silent film has been lost. Sure, based on contemporary accounts we have many of the most popular works, but the completeness drops off very sharply. Consider the filmography of Mary Pickford, an early superstar, whose filmography is considered "largely complete":

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Pickford_filmography

Take a look at how many of the films have "lost" in the rightmost column. Several dozen films from the middle of her career are completely lost, and that's despite efforts that Pickford herself made to track many of them down.

Now, film had special factors that accelerated these losses from spontaneous combustion when stored improperly, to recycling for the silver content, changing technology and fashion, to being considered ephemeral in the first place. But some of these amenities have0 by their parallels for the written word, and a much longer period of time for the works to be lost.
Check out the following -- I've found them to be very useful:

- Baserow[0]

- NocoDB[1]

Also, modern CMSes that are DB-first (or at the very least try their best not to mangle the DB and provide programmatic access) are basically completely overlapped with this use case and can be good as well.

[0]: https://baserow.io

[1]: https://nocodb.com
As the PSP arch spec said, it seems each NIC has two master key.

> each NIC has two 256-bit AES keys, called master keys, not shared with any hosts
including its own, or with any other NICs. The master keys are "critical security parameters",which are kept ephemerally in on-NIC RAM, and must not be stored on any persistent medium.
Haha yea that's pretty good.

How about the "if it pitches outside leg it can't be out" part ?
Ohio Sues 5 Major Drug Companies for 'Fueling Opioid Epidemic' (2017)
I read "What Should I Do With My Life" and also used the Strengths Finder system, both of which confirmed things I knew about myself and have me the evidence I needed to make a radical change.

Good luck.
I feel the article has a strong skew towards an utilitarian approach to life. Everything needs a function and a purpose and the author’s writing seems to reflect that.
I guess it’s part of western culture to some extent but it’s good to know it’s not the only way and especially in polarizing times it’s good to go the other way and learn (others) about trust and a sense of belonging.
I felt in a similar way despite feeling valuated at work, with good salary and working no more than the time I was paid for.
I am now feeling better and the thing for me was: 1) changing job to get out of comfort zone 2) realized I had burnt my main hobby after more than 10 years (coding/computers) so I had to start from scratch looking for other things to do on my free time.

Current hobbies: bonsai trees (joined a local club), going to the gym, getting back to indoor climbing... The more social and physical the better for me (I thought for a long time I was more a lonely person than social but apparently that's not completely true).
I agree with you. Academia gives freedom with how you structure your time, but you still need to put in the 60+ hours a week. Compared to other careers that require 60 hour weeks, however, academia is the most flexible.

Importantly though, within those 60 hours, you’re free to choose which conference to go, what kind of grant you want to write, and what kind of people you want to work with. I think this autonomy and self imposed goals is what leads in part to workaholism.
When Web Testing Becomes a Breeze
How to Eat the Future
Each dollar spent on solar or wind brings climate and energy disaster nearer. Nuclear is the only way to go. At the moment there's no other technology that can support exponential energy requirements from our civilisation. Solar can't provide that. Wind definitely can't provide that. We can see right now what it means when country relies too much on solar/wind energy. Look how Germany's grid is unstable last couple of years, and it'll only get worse with increased dependence on unreliable energy sources.
IMO the sugar alcohol allulose[1] has crossed the uncanny valley of sweeteners. It tastes (and cooks!) almost like sucrose and it doesn’t have a weird aftertaste. Like erythritol, it is absorbed and excreted unmodified so it is nearly acaloric and doesn’t cause GI problems in reasonable doses. My only minor complaint is that, like erythritol, it causes a slight cooling sensation, so the best use cases are foods that are served chilled.

It is naturally occurring at trace levels in some fruits and was first isolated in the 1940s but commercially viable manufacturing methods only became available recently. It’s starting to appear in some low-carb bars, cereals, and ice creams, but it’s still quite hard to find in products.

The future is already here, it’s just not evenly distributed :)

[1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psicose
Yeah, usually, though when I tried to sign up to Doordash my account already had someone else's details filled, and even though I corrected them to my details, I could never place an order; Doordash had pre-banned me. Many calls to customer service couldn't fix it, despite promises each time.

Now that I'm aware of this security flaw, I'm not sure whether that instance was incompetence or malice.
What about technological singularity, alternate power sources, starlink like projects, energy efficient appliances, etc?

Also, China/India are in survival/growth mode, so "sustainability" is least of their concerns right now :( and btw resource consumption per person is higher in first-world countries, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/american-consumpt... . This is a mindset issue and needs to addressed as well.

P.S. I am hopeful!
We can only speculate about Google's true motivations and there is no reason to believe that it is only that. You can't deny that a privacy focused browser having their funding depend on one of the primary privacy violators on the web is a conflict of interest. Even if Google is not directly pressuring Mozilla to implement/not implement things, Mozilla is still going to be hesitant to piss off Google too much.
.netrc pains
Very good point. Plaid will surely send you a $50 class action settlement check to make you whole for having $100k drained.
Interesting as a quick reminder of the basic.
I didn't even think of the possibility of negative numbers. I can't ever imagine playing this x, 2x envelope game if there was any chance at all that the numbers would be negative. Like you open an envelope and it says I owe them either one million or two million dollars. Yeah, screw that game.
> Type violations mean the compiler doesn't know what code to generate.

I'm not sure this has to be true. While I'm not sure how a compiler might deal with something like std::vector<int> v = some_unordered_map with the existing language semantics, something like working with technically-incompatible pointers might be malleable enough to work with. In such a case, the compiler knows how to generate otherwise-appropriate code, but according to the language rules it can't. Ignoring the type error in this case could mean just generating the code anyways and letting the cards fall as they may, much like what may be done for const or borrow violations.

> It is clear that the overwhelming sentiment is that not even the tiniest change to make Rust easier for new people to adopt should find sensible consideration.

Are there other language which make similarly-situated concessions to newcomers?
Leaving aside the issue of search bubbles, the first link I find states that the real median household income in the US was "below 1999 levels until 2016". That doesn't support your point at all.

Edit: In US terms, "real" means that it has been inflation-adjusted. I don't know how it is in the US, but elsewhere governments frequently publish inflation numbers that have nothing to do with purchasing power (i.e. the inflation can be 3%, but the purchasing power of a household has still gone down by 5.4%). This makes such numbers seem a lot rosier than they are. Linking to actual data (which allows for looking at the whole picture rather than whatever graphs an agency chose to publish) allows us to see what's going on properly.
not exactly sure what this is referring to. Please add a little substance to which someone can respond.

Think we’d all like to see much more wind and solar. And wouldn’t it be nice if we reached 10% EV usage in 5 years?
My guess would be to kinda mimic the Macintosh start-up sounds, though the Mac startup sounds would be heard when pressing the power button: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PLEupC2OWUU
Wiping out malaria from Africa probably wouldn't save lives long-term, considering the totally unsustainable levels of population growth at the same time when climate change renders many areas less habitable. Massive starvation seems inevitable.

Antimalarial programs that don't cause massive environmental pollution are definitely the better choice here. At least they have few risks, even if the long-term outcome is equally uncertain.
Along with VLC and Firefox one of the first programs I install on a fresh windows installation. I've been using this instead of Adobe for years. And as has been mentioned it reads a lot of other formats. Its fast and clean and easily the best reader software out there.
Because unlike FAANG you don’t have millions of engineers to create the software from scratch. Companies pay for databases (Oracle, Gemstone, MsSQL, anything at Amazon). Almost all the risks (price changes, maintenance costs, etc.) can be managed adequately via a long term enterprise contract.
Lots of good advice already, specifically taking breaks/a break, cutting back hours and therapy. Burnout is serious stuff.

Reading your post, I get the sense that you're stuck in the tension between not feeling competent enough yet wanting to "earn a good amount of money".

Maybe you're not the 200-500k/year superstar programmer, but you're definitely competent enough, holding your startup's stack together like you are doing, to earn a comfortable living programming. What are your salary expectations? How much would be a "good amount"?

If you think about what you really need to be happy, how much salary would be enough?

Maybe the difference between "a good amount" and "enough" can help reduce that tension once you realize that you don't need to have a rock-star salary to be happy?
> (in each grant application, promotion application, evaluation application, salary complement application, grant/project request, paper submission). Each of these has an acceptance rate, we are competing directly among other academics

I mean they're often very high acceptance rates though. The funding agency we use has a 90% acceptance rate. Basically you have to have some idea of what you are doing and they will accept you. It isn't as extreme as you are making out. There are many opportunities.

The main problem is that the opportunities are geographically constrained. I don't think there's a huge amount of competition for a given role, but the fact that it often requires uprooting your life (I moved from UK to Germany) is really bad
If you need fast edit some photos, apply filters and masks. You can do it with vista. Easy access from web and mobile
Have you been in a PhD program yourself? It could be my field, but there are way more idealists than financially secure people. I was one, and my family was not wealthy.

To be fair, I went to a highly prestigious private institution where funding was guaranteed, and while pay was shit, it was enough for a single person to live reasonably comfortably (forget saving, of course). Some public schools I got offers from like Berkeley couldn’t even guarantee funding.
1: First off, tell them you're thinking of changing work. If they even hint at you being "too bad to get another job" they're gaslighting you and you should run, if they offer a raise then it's probably half the raise you deserve. Because if you're the only web/mobile developer at this startup you're probably doing a helluva job.

2: Don't work 70-80 h/weeks, I've only done so at special times since my early career, and when I've done so after then I've been getting paid by the hour.

3: That brain-fog probably comes from the overworking, you're not going to be making clever decisions at that state. You really probably need some months off to get to a better state (the magic thing is, when it clears you'll brain will start to itch with amazing stuff).
Ask HN: Does Apple have a second-rate SWE culture compared to other Big Tech?
Those two strings aren't equal though, missing some spaces in b :-)
Counterpoint: I've been programming in Python in a web development context for almost a decade now and I don't think I've been bitten by any of these ever (at least not strongly enough to remember), and been involved in many large-scale projects with many developers and we had no issues.

The "worst" that I can remember was actually a Django quirk - ORM result sets (or QuerySets as they call them) execute their query at object evaluation time rather than at instantiation, so unless you cast your resultset to a list it won't actually talk to the DB just yet. Now attach a GUI debugger such as PyCharm/IntelliJ - it will internally evaluate every expression immediately (to populate its GUI) and cause the behavior to diverge (it will "fix" the code and behave as you'd expect when ran under the debugger).

I guess there could be certain contexts (system programming? low-level libraries? etc) where these are going to be an issue but when it comes to web/API or business logic development I haven't encountered these.
> I generally had very good feedback while I worked but I think I solved harder problems when I was doing advanced physics or calculus in University.

It's standard feeling among many engineers (even more so among non-software engs.). I think it can be remedied to a point - in FAANGS, you can find teams working on very hard things built from first principles (such as no-sql databases). The day-to-day is still filled with a lot of BS and boring work though, and is never going to be as fun as studying maths or physics on your own from a textbook. Such is life. If you want to do interesting things all the time, you need to live your life in a radical way, as the standard path in our culture definitely is not optimized for that. It's much easier and probably wiser to just accept the status quo.
https://create.vista.com/colors/color-names/light-purple/
From the looks of his avatar, he's barely older than her.
I have a master degree of physics. I studied particle physics. I couldn't understand well when I was a student. I still sometimes open a book and study it.
The UK's magic money tree
I have no issues going to any lengths preventing drunk people from driving.
If the cantillon effect exists then it would apply to all monopolies including geographic monopolies. Why do people then single out "money printing" which is a fully decentralised process done by commercial banks? If you can found a new bank you get to do your own "money printing".

If anything I would be more worried about the cantillon effect of income taxes because they are collected decentrally but spent centrally leading to geographic redistribution of funds. Geographic concentration of money in say NYC and SF also has its own cantillon effect.

Monopolies like Visa or MasterCard take a cut that is basically the same as a tax because it is so widespread and they spend it centrally which also has its own cantillon effect. You don't need "money printing" for a cantillon effect and since central banks don't "print money" they are completely irrelevant for the cantillon effect. This makes me think the whole thing is always argued in bad faith and shouldn't be taken seriously.

Edit: Today's mainstream economics is neoclassical economics since the 70s, exactly when wealth inequality started skyrocketing in his fancy charts. Keynesian economics hasn't been mainstream for decades. The article is in fact written in bad faith.
My take: payment is not based on created value, but on competition for the job. The more competition, the lower the salary an employer can get away with.
Because the variable A refers to an amount, has to have a consistent meaning across the two cases, and so it has to be:

1. We have A; the other envelope has 2A; or else

2. We have 2A; and the other envelope has A.

In case 1, if we switch we gain A.

In case 2, if we switch, we lose A.

We have no idea which case we are in.

We cannot use the variable A to denote our initially selected envelope in both cases, because then A simultaneously represents the smaller amount and the larger amount, and we are absurdly mixing the quantities A/2 and 2A in the same calculation. No quantities in the actual problem are related by a factor of four!

People might be seduced into the A equivocation perhaps because they are initially thinking of A as being a label for the envelope, which is arbitrary and innocent enough. We have some envelope A and it has some money in it. Oh, but the other envelope then has either A/2 or 2A. At that point, A is no longer an envelope name, but a name for an amount. Then it has to pin down a specific number: it has to denote either the smaller value, or the larger one, and that value is found in different envelopes in the different cases; A cannot both be "name of initially chosen envelope" and "amount in that envelope".