skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
On U.S. ICBM's the there is no single detonation circuit. US nuclear bombs are "hardware encrypted".

So nuclear bombs go off if they have a certain physical layout that leads to supercriticality. What this means is not really relevant here, save that you have to have X pieces of "material" within a few mm of their "ideal" location, which is a big 3d puzzle that is very non-trivial to solve.

The inside of a nuclear bomb contains about 30 "traditional" detonators. When you fire them a piece of the bomb material (either uranium or plutonium) gets shot out of a cannon, into a tube that is a few centimeters long, with the "detonation" position randomly selected within a certain range. These positions are what's inside the president's suitcase.

You can launch a warhead with the wrong codes (right launch code, wrong arming code), in which case it'll basically be a small bathtub falling out of the sky. With useless fissile material inside, properly isolated (because melted into steal) and contained nuclear material inside. A non-detonated warhead is useless without enrichment facilities, and if you have those, chances are you have bombs anyway (there is 1 country in the world with enrichment facilities but no bomb, no it's not Iran).

What you need to do to detonate the device is quite complex, and very finicky. And of course, the actual detonation system is redundant. So the warhead decides to detonate, and only when it decides it will detonate in the very near future (the "point of no return") it will send the arming codes to a set of processors sealed deep inside the actual bomb. These processors will then fire the charges catapulting nuclear material along their tubes, with the sequence and timing provided by the arming code. Either the codes are correct, and the bomb will detonate, or they're incorrect and the fissile material will melt into the casing. These processors don't have any idea which of the two will happen.

Once launched, the bomb WILL send an arming code to the processors under certain circumstances it will send known wrong codes (it will not detonate outside of the target area). Once the umbilical is detached, a wrong set of arming codes are sent to the detonators and a timer is activated which will cause them to fluke-detonate. Anything touches the arming mechanism, they destroy the bomb. Anything happens to either processor, they destroy the bomb. Anything tries to unscrew the internal access, they destroy the bomb ...

Accepting any arming code, right or wrong is done for 2 reasons. First, there is no-one in the US military except for 2 people that can detonate nuclear warheads (there are more which can launch them though). I believe that a third person holds the detonation codes, but has no access either directly or by giving commands to others, to the bombs. Second, if someone holds a gun to the president's wife head he can launch the missiles which will do nothing more than destroy the US nuclear capability without doing anything different from when he's actually ordering an attack.
The principles articulated by the FSF are ones I broadly agree with. I have no ulterior motive (nor any real vested interest) in being a "detractor" of RMS, I simply find him to be an irredeemable ass and the worst possible spokesman for the principles he advocates.

Steve Ballmer seems like kind of a jerk sometimes, but if he agreed with the principles of the FSF, I'd find him a far more palatable frontman than RMS.
Robert Heinlein, while hospitalized, once designed, in his head, a far more comfortable hospital bed. He later wrote about it in one of his books in such great detail that when the waterbed was eventually invented, it couldn't be patented because Heinlein's written descriptions gave so much detail to qualify as prior art.
"that was one of their applicants"

The idea can change but people's names don't change.

"upon seeing a TechCrunch post 2 years later "

The definition of "success" in your mind?
Hackintosh.

For $1200, I built a Core i7 2600k machine, 16GB RAM, Radeon HD 6870, 128GB SSD and 2x1TB HDD.

I considered a MacMini i7 or iMac i7, but the lack of easy (emphasis on easy!) expandability turned me off. A MacPro was never an option because of the cost. The hackintosh takes a little more work to get up and running, and I have to take a 'wait-and-see' stance to upgrades, but otherwise it runs perfectly and is as fast as a six-core MacPro.

If the Mac Pro is killed, maybe Apple could bring back the Cube. Give it 1 or 2 PCIe slots, 2 or 3 2.5" internal drive bays and a case that you can get into easy (like, flip a couple of latches and the outer case slips off). This time the case could be aluminum to help with the thermal issues of the original Cube. This would be the perfect replacement to a MacPro.

Otherwise, I'll just stick with a Hackintosh to do the heavy lifting that my MacBook Air can't handle.
According to the Wiki, 40% of the US population made over $54k in 2003. That's 125 million people or 1.8% of the world's population. Since there are obviously people outside the US also making over $54k per year, we can assume that at least 2% of the world population is making over 54k.
Thank you! After installing Stylish they had a style already prepared to fix reader:

http://userstyles.org/styles/55550/google-reader-g-edition-m...
I've heard from at least one person who got an acceptance email so far; I imagine they've got a huge list of both this time.
What bugs do you speak of? I've been syncing my contacts with Google and I haven't noticed anything gamebreaking.
Yes. More dense, lower power chips are more susceptible to radiation.

And anyway, what exactly does "redundancy" mean? If a rocket engine controller is triple redundant, how does that work? Are there three propellant valves in parallel, so each computer controls one-third of the thrust? Are they in series, so that failure of one computer disables the propulsion function? Is there a majority vote system, and is it electronic, electromechanical, or fluidic? Redundancy is not pixie dust that magically makes your system design better.

A sample Google interview question is to design the protocols to run a cluster of unreliable computers. Should there be a MIL-SPEC master computer? Should the cluster elect a master? Or several oligarch servers? Where does an outside agent submit a request, and what does it do if the request is not answered. Designing reliable systems is hard.
Same reason people get frustrated for not getting into the college they wanted to attend. Sometimes, it's nice to win.
I'm not knocking on SF, I live there and I love it. I'm just pointing out that this "top 1%" article is useless since it does not account for cost of living.

The difference in CoL is so drastic between NYC/SF and Kansas that the study might look drastically different if it looked at net income after living expenses.
Was that within the last 4 months? I moved out this July and pretty much had to find a place within 3 or 4 days. In 2 days, I found a room (granted, far away from downtown and in a house full of random people) for $900 a month. I was a bit disappointed with my place, but in the following month or two I saw the housing market go crazy again, and to this day I hear it's difficult to find a place even if you can afford the offerings, simply because there's huge lines at every open house.
Wow! thank you that helps a lot!
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I would also take into account that many internet users in China are still using IE6. And, internet connections tend to be of low quality so it is more bearable for the user to download one busy page from two simpler pages.
I'm really glad they're implementing Protovis instead of trying to copy Matlab's plotting facilities like Matplotlib. Matlab plotting is pretty terrible.
The over 4k applications they see use HN usernames.

You're the one that said CrunchBase.

The idea that they're supposed to monitor for every startup founder they ever rejected to pop up a few years later is retarded.
Majority, if not all Hacker activities are in SOMA, which is pretty much right next to downtown. You can't get more city than that.
Jeremy Ashkenas's proposal for minimalist JS classes
Aside from the text at each step being badly written, users have no idea wtf is happening overall or where they are in the process.

What you need to do is present up front the overall flow (ideally graphically; like 5 steps to completion at the bottom of the page and indicate which have been completed/what is being done now/what is in the future. Do this with graphics and very minimal (1-3 words) text. Writing 3 words to communicate something takes longer than writing 30.

I got pissed when I filled in something, clicked submit, and then the next page was "why?" before it would accept; at that point I bounced.

I'm not sure if arc makes this easier than something else.
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The more interesting and useful thing about this rant is that companies have come in and done something about this problem and started making money doing so. Historically you could avoid the lines at Indian railways by using offline travel agents who charged their commission. A few venture-backed* companies have brought that model into the 21st century - IRCTC sucks, so they put a pretty interface on it that doesn't suck and charge 10-20 rupees (25-50 US cents!) extra per booking:

http://www.cleartrip.com/trains, http://www.makemytrip.com/railways, http://www.yatra.com/trains.html

Solve a problem like the Indian Government (IRCTC is a government undertaking) like this and you'll have lots of takers for 10-20 rupees. They offer a better user interface, saved payment details, a consolidated place for air & rail bookings and better customer support.

*Cleartrip is funded by Kleiner Perkins, Ram Sriram, and Concur. MakeMyTrip by several top asian funds, and Yatra by Norwest Venture Partners and Intel Capital
No accept or reject email...?
Anyone simply not get anything back?
Honestly though, I've tried jslint and jshint and a bunch of other lint-like tools on the Haraka source code (google it), and it barfs all over the place for no particular reason.

"use strict" is catching a lot more errors, though frustratingly enough, not until runtime.
I think this was posted in response to this article (http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3179370) rather than because of some recent update.
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I'm glad to see this project is coming back.

I'm in the middle of writing a Stats library for Ruby[0]. Maybe we can join forces?

[0] https://github.com/davejacobs/stats
It's not very good on node.js code. Hell, it's not very good, period.
Nothing of what CNN says here sounds like spin control. It sounds like Arrington got caught saying something he didn't expect to be controversial and feels suckered somehow. I suspect CNN would be backing him up if he didn't start throwing mud their way.
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That is correct. I am somewhat connected to a few guys working on this, and I saw the article and thought I would share.
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About a year ago I built a prototype system on top of CouchDB, and it turned out to be very flaky when I went to install it elsewhere. The javascript engine (was it Rhino?) was super hard to install from source, and the distribution packages on Ubuntu were unreliable. I really like the concepts of CouchDB, and it's really influenced how I think about designing systems for future projects, but I was going to wait for it to mature more before I pushed on it again.

I see that it's now using SpiderMonkey. Maybe in a few more versions I'll give it a try again.
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Seconded. There are multiple third party apps/sites which provides almost all these functionalities. But my only gripe is that there is no public api im aware of. You need to put in a request for aceess to train schedules/routes and other details and i assume you need to pay for that. Or the only option left is scrapping their site which is against TOS and illegal.
A nuclear bomb emits a fast flash of radiation over about 50 nanoseconds. Even if the total dose is small, it arrives fast enough to spuriously turn on transistors.
I'm curious what the acceptance rates are for StartupChile.

My impression was that if you were "good", and jumped through all the hoops in filling out the app (which are substantial), you're likely to get in.

With YC, it's probably an easier application, but you're not as likely to get in even if you're good. Good team AND existing traction AND communicate well is about as likely to get into YC as good team alone is to get into something like Startup Chile?
More than 1% of Americans are millionaires.
Compared to less than 0.05 of Chinese.
While being able to share to particular groups is nice, this just adds a new site that I need to check everyday (ie. G+) which goes against everything a feed aggregator should be.

It would be nice if there was an interface to G+ from reader where you can share, view and comment from inside Reader.
What would you give up to start a company?
There's a lot to say here, but I'll limit my comment to LOL at the idea that IE reports the exact line number of a javascript error.
I'm not entirely surprised. CouchDB is very clunky and minimalist. And documentation is really, really horrible. The futon UI is a pain to use. I had to write my own library for nodejs because all the existing code I found was terribly written and poorly documented. It just goes on and on. And I like the technology, I persisted and eventually learned to be sort of proficient with CouchDB. But I doubt other people will go to the same lengths.
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I don't see this as a JavaScript specific problem. A similar issue can occur in IIS, for example. The details would be more elaborate, but the core issue would remain the same. A variable shared across requests screws something up under load. Seen it happen.

This is one of the reasons I like shared-nothing architecture where the only way to share or persist something is via explicit caching or database.
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YC should never be the end of your dream. They're not always right (and they admit it). Keep on trucking along!
I WAS just gonna ping that guy and let him know about it haha
Keep it up, Hari.
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First, the even function is only defined for integers, not general numeric types. Second, type classes are not objects. Ad hoc polymorphism is used to denote different actions for different types but it doesn't break typing. The type integer is not the type object-integer:

even? :: Integer -> Bool

I am actually thoroughly confused where you got your type specification. Were you trying to say:

class Integral a where
even? :: a -> Bool

even? :: (Integral a) => a -> Bool

The reason why this disturbs me is because I find it difficult to draw the line at why even? should be even? :: (Integral a) => a -> Bool instead of even? :: Integer -> Bool. This doesn't make sense -- it's not a good use for typeclasses. There aren't many different categories of types which have a semantic notion of being even but a different implementation or type restriction. Even is just... even. It's just an operation on the integers. There's no need to bring ad hoc polymorphism in here.
wait, if the people from previous round are going there in jan, when will this round's people go there than?
RIM's US marketshare dropped 15% in a year.
Oh boy that reminds me of all my similar experience with IRCTC. If I need to book a ticket for a busy weekend, I get my friends at various other locations to try and book the same. We all stay on conference call and when one person books it, others stop trying. Usually tickets open for booking at 8:00 am and the server is literally dead for the next 1 hour.
The reason is; people who can influence a change (bureaucrats, politicians, businessmen etc) use intermediaries (agents) to get things done. They never experience the pain of the "common" people. All government services are like this.
I agree 100% that it is my opinion. I would wager that most rants are opinions.

As far as this being the point of objects -- I see no state. I see no behavior. All I see is a function which maps the set of integers to booleans. That's it. It's just a function. The only reason we need packaging or modules at all is to prevent name collisions and importing the world.
"they're supposed to monitor for every startup founder they ever rejected to pop up a few years later is retarded."

If they are interested in the information they can get the information as it is out there. So they shouldn't put any effort in? Poor them. So many applicants. So much work to cross reference.

"The over 4k applications they see use HN usernames."

People don't use their real names on applications?

For each founder, please list: YC username; name; age

http://www.allhatter.com/archive/index.php/t-193.html
I've been working on a startup in Beijing for the past year, and this is a very accurate account of how things work around here.

What's fascinating to me is that despite all the differences, the type of entrepreneur that tend to succeed in China is roughly the same as anywhere else:

"it takes months to incorporate a company, setup VIE structures..." - Yes it's a huge pain in the ass. But real entrepreneurs don't let this stop them. They ask around, get advice, and figure out how get it done anyway.

"awesome 3rd developer services are not available..." - True, but they are also not available to competitors. The good teams figure out what they need most and build it in house. The lack of these services is actually good for you, if you have the best developers.

"It's hard for foreign entrepreneurs to fit in and get trust..." The author of the slides is a "foreigner", but still met up with tons of entrepreneurs(including myself :) and investors on a relatively short trip, simply because he is a fun and interesting person.

To succeed in China, you gotta be relentlessly resourceful, good at building things, and charismatic. Not so different after all, right? : )
Steve famously practiced some of those "techniques" in his youth.
exactly what happened to me. I had two for loops defined in my JS code which used the variable "i" without declaring. Hence, when the code ran, the second for loop behaving weirdly. It took sometime before catching the bug.
I fail to see how

i.even?

is any more convenient than

even? i

except that even? has now somehow entered into the set of functions worthy to be part of the integer-fake-object while others have not.
It's also useless because who is in the 1% changes every year.
Quite possibly a good idea.

use v5.12;

in perl code enables strict, at least.
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Is it only for iPhone? I wish I had a native iPad gmail app. It would really cool. Certainly this would beat imap version.
I hope they don't set up SciPy as the project to emulate and improve upon. Deep knowledge of R, Fortran, and Matlab would better inform this project of what scientists need.

SciPy is great, but it's clearly best for programmers that have a slight scientific bent and can't stomach learning the existing scientific tools (which are admittedly a bit difficult to combine with modern software engineering). There are some great ideas in SciPy, but a broader set of influences is essential to making a great scientific toolkit.
"Tested and Guaranteed"

Really? I would like to have seen that.
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Exactly. The claim is that implicit local variables are less dangerous than implicit global variables. I've been bitten badly by both. Perl was the worst, where implicit variables were scoped differently according to Larry's philosophy when he implemented it. All for the sake of brevity.

Can someone please implement strict mode for Node?
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This was exactly what I was looking for. I did make one addition to mark the read items.

.read > .card { border: 1px solid #f357a1 !important; }

Adds a pinkish border around the cards of read items.
Actually, he's taking full MIT exams to test himself.
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Have you tried the GCC -Wshadow warning flag? It will generate a warning whenever you define a variable with the same name as one declared in an outer scope.

Between that, and using -Werror to ensure that warnings never get ignored, I find C99-style declare-anywhere quite useful. It helps me keep the scope of variables limited to the places that need them.

That said, I rarely use C99's ability to declare a variable in the middle of a block. I primarily use the C99 feature of declaring variables as part of a loop.
I don't know anything about the author and found this piece lacking in a lot of important details. Such as what people are bullying him about? Without those details the piece read like it was authored by someone with a victim complex.

Edit: I see below some of the reasons.
Did you forget about Apple's MPW? I don't know when you turned 15 but there was a very long span of time during which MPW was a good free option.
The article wasn't about agreeing or disagreeing with Stallman's beliefs, it was about all the comments that inevitably pop up about how fat, weird, smelly, unkempt, etc. he is, which has absolutely nothing to do with his beliefs.
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While its a bummer to get this sort of rejection letter, I somehow think that if one of the ones that didn't get in didn't keep moving forward after this - deserve to had not gotten in anyway. This absolutely shouldnt stop you.
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Personally, I like the opposite solution, used in functional languages: "Wait, we don't allow changing variables once created, so we only need to support variable initialization with a value, not reassignment of a variable or declaration without initialization!"
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Thanks for sharing that...I hadn't heard of the Worklist, but I'll definitely draw some inspiration from it.
Chris is a good guy - we worked together at Delicious.

I've said it before: entrepreneurs will signal, often loudly and clearly, why not to invest in them.
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Not yet, but I'll be sure to post on HN as soon as I have something concrete!
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