skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
High-school dropout with a phd in a social science here. My grades weren’t good enough to study math during undergrad and I was dealing with a chronic illness that meant I didn’t have my shit together enough to transfer into a useful degree either. I’m a machine learning scientist at a company you’ve heard of and probably spent money on (not FAANG). Math is a big part of my day job.

Here’s what I did to learn math. I wouldn’t recommend this path. You will have a much easier time getting a job with a quantitative degree. You’re only 26, so you can go back to school without really losing much time. If you must do it this way, do the exercises, do the exercises, do the exercises, build a portfolio, and do the exercises.

Calculus/Analysis

Stewart single var calculus, then the multivar book. These are easy starters

Real analysis: Series, Functions of Several Variables, and Applications. Miklós Laczkovich, Vera T. Sós

Spivak Calc and Calc on Manifolds books

Bonus: Advanced Calculus A Geometric View, Callahan. This is what I turn to when I want to punish myself or remind myself how certain analysis proofs go.

Linear Algebra

Strang, Intro to LA is great. Start with this one

Strang, LA and learning from data. Will be tough without the first book

Stats

Hogg, Introduction to Mathematical Statistics

Gelman et al, BDA3 for Bayes

ML

Bishop PRML and Elements of statistical learning. Do the exercises. Build the algos in Python.
>This is not the issue, this is the root cause of the issue.

>You DON'T measure knowledge.

>You should measure the satisfaction of the students.

>Because the most valuable asset a developed country needs to protect is the will of the members of their society to keep improving and learning.

What is satisfaction going to get you? As a student, I would have been very satisfied to have great marks while enjoying each night of the week, unfortunately I had to work and skip parties.
[2] several citations needed.

The danger is they're not dead, they're alive and well with a large part of a voting population.

Terrible idea.

As is [1]. Let's spend money for no reason, and also it makes it harder to integrate with the outside world, where the money London needs to launder is
>In cases like this, I still use a top-level free function, but it just instantiates a (private) class and invokes those (private) subfunctions itself

That's a good approach I follow myself, too. The fact that I decided to use a class to manage complexity is an implementation detail; callers should not be aware of it. I don't think there's an opposition "free functions vs. classes", they complement each other.
Try the proof assistant Agda without installation directly in your browser:

https://agdapad.quasicoherent.io/

Or Lean: https://www.ma.imperial.ac.uk/~buzzard/xena/natural_number_g...
Very disappointed at the cynicism in this thread. It seems that many people believe cheating is acceptable, or even necessary.

There is another aspect to cheating that I don't see mentioned. When lazy students become accustomed to cutting corners, they later become a legal liability as postgrads and employees, in terms of, for example, unethical research practices, copyright theft, and so on. I've seen this in my professional career from people who should know better, and I wish they were reprimanded as students rather than causing issues for the organisations that they're a part of.

There are pedagogical reasons to stop students from cheating early on, but it should be prevented for practical real-world reasons also.
The amount of effort that this person put into the cheating analysis, and this blog post, is honestly super concerning.

I don’t understand the perspective of an educator who doesn’t expect cheating, and then instead of shutting down the chat immediately, keeps it open the whole semester in some fucked up moralistic detective game.

I truly feel like this was probably a boring class and the opposite of engaging. A very one sided view, we don’t see the student’s perspective at all, outside of the cheating.
To say the author "intentionally created" an environment where cheating is commonplace I think may be a little unfair to them. Whether they run a given course online or in person is almost certainly well above their pay grade. While the situation was far from ideal and I believe he may have been too lenient in some situations (the plagiarism on the academic integrity assignment for one), at the end of the day he made the best of a very bad situation. No doubt, in-person exams as you described are the most cheat-proof way, but in a scenario where the author has no say in this, it's not a terrible outcome. Look at the semester following the one with widespread cheating - he made significant changes based on the past issues and in the process managed to eliminate a lot of the issues.
It depends on what you mean by "in your control".

Obviously (1) you choose what to eat and (2) if you eat little enough then you will get thin, and if you eat enough then you will get fat.

(But also: (a') you choose what to do and (2') if you never do anything that violates your values then you will be some sort of saint. But most people are not any sort of saint: we sometimes do hurtful things even though we think we shouldn't, or stay up later than is good for us, etc.)

But our bodies and brains are evolution-designed to make very sure we don't accidentally starve to death. So we feel hunger, and hunger is very difficult for us to ignore. And if something is miscalibrated so that the level of calorie intake at which you stop feeling hungry is enough to make you fat, then you will either get fat or feel constantly hungry.

And even if nothing is miscalibrated in that particular way, human brains are annoyingly good at acquiring habits that are difficult to break even when they are bad for us.

All of which means that while anyone can in principle keep themselves neither too thin nor too fat, according to whatever standards they find appropriate for that, doing so is much much more difficult for some people than for others, and if a thing is difficult enough to do and requires doing all the time I think it is no longer reasonable to say that doing or not doing it is "entirely in your control".
The proposal on the central verification authority is actually how pilot licenses are given. The flight schools have no legal power to exam. For example theoretical exams are done by the aeronautical authority of the country which itself only doles out exams with question from a standardized set of questions. Pilot training was for me how education should be. I was not the best pilot but I clearly now see how that was both my fault as well as not my calling.

Also in Portugal and in Poland there is a thing called national exam which is a nationwide exam at certain check points. It is very useful in showing per school social economic issues as well as grade inflations(school grade VS national exam grade). I honestly do not understand why the verification is not done independently of the teaching in all levels of education. It would also liberate teachers to focus on teaching while having a nationwide benchmark validation on their approach to teaching. Teachers ironically hate to be evaluated.

Another factor that is very hard to handle is that education is an industry that employs a very powerful class, the teachers. More often than not when education is in the news it is for teacher' labor issues. In Portugal recently they held a strike on national exam days. To give you an idea of how important national exams are, they are held in police stations and delivered by police officers to the schools on exam day to avoid leaks and so nobody has unfair advantages.

I will never forget that teachers held students national exams hostage for their negotiations. (they lost and suffered such a public backlash that their bargaining power was neutered for a few years).
I have a programmer friend who has a train pass and actually likes to take trains just to work. I also absolutely love reading for a few hours in trains, and at some point adjusted my lifestyle to switch town every 1-2 weeks.
The connection Saarbrücken -> Paris (around 500 km) only takes 1:45h. Currently the problem is getting to Saarbrücken from Berlin, which takes up to 7 hours depending on the connection. So yeah, lots of room for improvement, mostly on the German side though. A big impediment is the federal structure of Germany, as high-speed trains need to have at least one stop in every federal state they cross for political reasons, which of course makes them slow. In France, on the other hand, you have trains going from Paris to Marseille without a single stop in between, and in just 3:04h (for a whooping 780 km).
Children Vs Grownups – anarchist view on gun control [video]
I think this person has a better idea because your spouse scenario, while realistic, can easily be detected while you discuss the code being presented.

You may have good intentions but what do you equates to "I don't trust you, bro/sis". Not a great way to start a relationship imho
Maybe reconsider the wording ”purest HTML” when the files being edited are in fact Jinja2 templates and the app uses non-semantic Bootstrap.
That would be an amazing ab testing for hiring. And they are among the 100 companies who could easily do it.
If by "lisp from scratch" you mean an s-expression interpreter that can run programs like recursive exponentiation or recursive fibonnaci, very little. You can do that in a low few hundred lines of code.

If you mean for the full power of a lisp then you still have to pick: for Scheme that might be call-with-cc and hygienic macros. For Common Lisp that might be regular macros and reader macros. Those take more code and thought.
Ask HN: How do experimental research companies exist financially?
As I keep listening to various biology/biotech related podcasts, sometimes the research related information is being intercepted with statements like "...and on the basis of these ground breaking results in yeast/mice/salamanders/axolotls/etc animals/a dozen of patients we founded a company for more in-depth research". There are no mentions about MVPs, business models, interactions with customers, funding, profits etc. I was curious how do such companies whose main activity seems to be the conduction of basic _cutting_edge_ biotech research with still a far goal of a broader application in humans do exist financially. Is it all about just getting a right long-term funding?
Ech, forgot the link, and now can't delete this post.

It is: https://recipesage.com/
Did you miss the whole pandemic bit or are you too “disconnected from reality”?
Maybe I'm just naturally pretentious or something, but it doesn't read to me as anywhere near as pretentious as I would expect a Wikipedia article to be if that were true. Do you have some links or something to support what you say?
Wrote a program that helps find patients for donor organs. Make a mistake people die, luckily first real life test 6 people successfully received an organ.
What algorithm did you use? The standard formula is pretty inaccurate, whereas following most of https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/Math128/Cubic.pdf, I was able to get down to near machine precision. I've seen enough cases where someone blindly copied in a formula (or numerical algorithm) from a textbook, without considering how the numerics behave, and getting bad results, to trust unsourced numerical code.
Vast.ai you can pick a rig with (multiple) consumer graphics cards of your choice
While I laud the goals, I am skeptical of the ability to met them.

I very much believe that there is an industry-wide crisis of terrible software, but I don't believe that it's practical to go directly from "garbage to gold." The path is long, and far from straight.

Best Practices are how engineering disciplines, throughout history, have achieved progress in Quality.

Currently, Best Practices aren't really a "thing," in software development, and it shows. People like Steve McConnell are not really respected, and a general culture of "move fast and break things" is still pervasive. Engineers flit around companies like mayflies, techniques and libraries come and go, and there's an enormous reliance on dependencies with very little vetting. We spend so much time, trying to perfect our tools, without trying to perfect ourselves.

Academics and theorists have been proposing languages, libraries, infrastructure, and management practices that are designed to change lead into gold for decades, yet it never seems to happen.

I have always been a fan of self-Discipline, and the apprenticeship model. That requires a lot of social infrastructure that does not currently exist. It's as old as human history, and absolutely proven to achieve results.

"In theory, there is no difference between theory and practice; while in practice, there is."
-Benjamin Brewster

"It is not enough to do your best; you must know what to do, and THEN do your best."
-W. Edwards Deming

"The significant problems we face cannot be solved by the same level of thinking that created them."
-Albert Einstein

"Everyone thinks of changing the world, but not one thinks of changing himself."
-Tolstoy

https://xkcd.com/2030/
> That appears to be about 650 miles (1050km). That’s around the point where many people will still prefer to fly.

Not sure that is true.

When you have a high speed train, going from the centre of a city to the centre of another city... and can subtract time to get to airport, time in airport security, time to wait to board a plane, time to taxi, time to circle before landing, time to get to the city, time to safety margin most of the above... the train comes out at least comparable on time (not an order of magnitude off), cheaper, greener, and centre-to-centre.

For me... European trains are so nice in comparison to flying that unless there is a time penalty of more than double to triple the real time spent flying (which in this case does not feel true)... then the train wins.

It's also a very productive journey. I can't do meetings on a train, but 6-7 hours uninterrupted in a comfy chair with power and internet is still coding / making slides / etc.
There is a lot of depth and history here.

* the US had the anti-communist McCarthy hearings.

Canada had secret shunning commitees. See a book/video called "The UnCanadians".

(Millions of Canadian households had files on them, at a time when Canada had < 16M people.)

* Due to this, and the RCMP going bananas in other ways (eg, burning down barns on private property because bikers were legally meeting there....), parliament disbanded the RCMP's domestic and international "spy" departments.

CSIS, CSEC and other agencies were formed.

* During the transition from the RCMP handling terrorism reports, to CSIS, there was bad blood, and a desire to make a clean break, eg, bad RCMP culture was to be replaced with a new agency new culture.

* the Air India disaster had multiple people call in, all reporting, with details, to the RCMP that it was going to happen

* due to all of the above, these reports never made it to CSIS, and the RCMP was at that point forbidden to investigate on their own.

* in 2006? 8? A report was published detailing this disconnect, and more.

I believe that some US agencies are exdeeding their power, and one day, may need to be disbanded and replaced.

To all those, in any country considering the same? Do it right.

Do not let the transition, mess up ongoing dilligence.

The Air India disaster is a poster child for what can happen.
I'd summarise the article as such. Fizz buzz like coding coding interviews are best. Looks at how the interviewee codes not just now, but in the future as we.
Imagine the other team unloading what they were expecting to be a warhead.
Where exactly do you use number line? Thanks.
The Energy/Food Crisis Is Far Worse Than Most Americans Realize
The “Mathematics for the Practical Man” series, although old, might be a good resource to consider.
These are the titles I know are out there:

- “Mathematics for the Practical Man”
- “Arithmetic for the Practical Man”
- “Algebra for the Practical Man”
- “Geometry for the Practical Man”
- “Calculus for the Practical Man” -> this last one was the one Richard Feynman used to teach himself calculus (https://physicstoday.scitation.org/do/10.1063/PT.5.9099/full...)

good luck!
If I understand correctly, they had an online async test and they shared screenshots of the answers. Is that even cheating? It wouldn't even register as cheating for me... When I was at the university (not US) we had these online "tests" too, but it was a different category than the real tests. Nobody really cared what you do. Sometimes we sat down together and did it one by one (especially if it was some random generated math problem), other times we just shared the answers (when the test was too lame...)
Parent commenter asked for little o, not for big O. So to be safe, better say n^o(n^2).
You are describing the triumph of Janet... https://himbonomics.substack.com/p/-the-triumph-of-janet-?s=...
IMO call-with-cc AND regular macros is what one should implement for toy language. Hygienic macros are too hard to understand let alone implement, while ordinary macros are more powerful (and maintainability does not matter much for toy language) and relatively easy to implement. And call-with-cc is too fun to skip.
People who gamble understand this, it's literally the law.
The animated GIFs are really distracting and detract from the writing. I eventually deleted them from the parts I hadn't yet read.

I have to say that Crump was incredibly forgiving and put in a lot of extra effort. I don't think anyone I've been taught by would have gone to this much trouble.
toxic culture is setup and enforced by toxic people.
Just another pedestrian killed (2014)
Because most of what is needed out there doesn't require an equivalent of a doctor's degree.

The truth is, is that programming languages themselves have evolved far enough that knowing exactly what's running underneath the hood isn't needed anymore, outside of niche specialist cases. Most people don't even need to worry about seeing a single 'index out of range' issue, or worry about CPU cycles. And it's only going to become easier and easier.

I'd compare it to bricklaying. Yes, you need to use the correct formula for the cement you use, but figuring out that formula has already happened. For niche cases that require special cement, you go to the cement specialists that know the ins and outs of it.
>But you don’t need a degree to understand the fundamentals. Jus because you don’t have a degree from an institution it doesn’t mean you don’t count as a programmer. You can learn all of this things on your own pace even if you started by learning how to modify Wordpress themes or got into the field after taking a boot camp.

We can argue this about any other field.

>For example you’re likely not getting a job straight after college without facing the company’s interview process.

We should have a bare minimum standard, not a maximum.

But colleges and universities should be good enough that graduating one means you are in a proper position and have proper knowledge and abilities to start a career. Since that is not always the case, companies do still organize their own processes.

By not graduating some recognized form of higher education in the field, you don't prove to your future employers that you might be good at what they need. You just prove that you weren't willing to do the work for a few years and that you might not have the knowledge. Some won't care as their work is simple enough and they might train you on the job, some will test you harder and some will not get you past screenings.
I think that if I were building a system that worked this way, automatically-inserted type declarations would be distinguished somehow (preferably in a way that in good text editors just appears as different formatting), and then when you change the function to return "wow" the compiler/linter/magic-type-annotator will see that the only things that need updating are ones it inserted itself, and just do it. If you edit any of those automatically-inserted type declarations, though, they're fixed and doing things that violates them becomes a type error rather than an auto-rewriting opportunity.
These both use Pip internally. They are wrappers, not replacements.
The K80 presents to the OS as two cards. It is common of hosters to seel those parts separately (AWS does so too).
ben awad from youtube[1] has a slightly better solution for actual usage: stars/tags

[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MT6M_sqAuZo
There should be a firing squad for such abuse of Javascript. We were warned about what Typescript would turn Javasript into.
What you are saying is not at all controversial, but it is incomplete, which is probably why you have received pushback in the past. Criticising the existing system is easy. Giving an alternative is harder. Implementing that alternative and showing that it's actually better on some metric is MUCH harder than that. But you have not even given an alternative!
Mate, you've no idea how much I could related to your story. I've a bachelor degree in Electrical Engineering. Looking back at those subjects, I feel like I didn't have the maturity needed to appreciate the depth and meaning of it. I was too busy just passing exams and working to get a degree and eventually land a job. I did that and I have no regrets. But those concepts taught to us are the foundations of almost everything. The more I think about it the more respect I have for scientists who came up with those before 1950s! They had nothing and they solved their own questions. Bloody legends.
Thanks. Added Illich to my reading list (backlog).

I generally like American Affairs. Though I'm exhausted by the left vs right slap fight. IMHO, anarchism and liberation theology are intrinsically outside of left vs right, liberal vs reactionary; they reject those dichotomies, and are better understood as criticism of the establishment and power structures. In other words, to an anarchist, there's little difference between the political philosophies of Liberal and Conservative, little difference between Catholics and Protestant. Rather, it's about speaking up for the weakest.

Skim reading Illich's wiki, I would agree that he's a "radical", and that his contemporarous critics mislabeling him a "reactionary" is kinda proving his point. Today, you see the same kind of pushback against David Graeber and David Wengrow.
This is the problem with this interviews and FANGs shit. They separate nothing. But because ppl in these companies did this doing interviews, and they have such a fucking high opinnion of themselves, they think the only good people are the ones that are like them. `I can do this and I'm the greatest (their own opinion reinforced by other idiots in the company) so anyone that can't aren't worthy of my time/welcomed here`.

But then you work with these idiots that can reverse a linked list in other companies and they can't organize code to save their lives. They use patterns and shit they used in facebook everywhere, even when they shouldn't because they always so smart and right.

(yes, after cleaning up code for shitty ex facebookers and ex netflixers, my opinion of the 'wheat' boils down to they may be wheat, but they infested with parasites and bugs and rotten at the core, but hey, what do I know, just been doing sw development for 25+ years, published author and worked on stuff that most here use daily, I'm just chaf because I don't want to work for FANGs)
It's possible, it's just a terrible idea in most cases. Most VCs don't have enough control to prevent it, but it's considered a really scummy move and will kill future prospects.
If time and cost are factored versus a low-cost flight, there is very little economic sense for this option. If you take in consideration the shit-show that is airport experience, then short trips by train become interesting, but only up to 3-4 hours. 7 hours for 1000km does not sound like high speed, 4 hours would be fine.
...results of a small amount of the clickbait science from 40-50 years ago