skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> You have to take a contiguous block of 2M, wipe the entire thing, rewrite whatever part of it was useful,

This is called garbage collection. It may be happening at any time in the background but becomes more frequent and perhaps in the write path as the drive fills. 2M is an example size - the actual size will vary by drive model and it is rarely disclosed.

> Modern high end SSDs have various ways of dealing with this like a RAM cache, a SLC cache and extra reserved space to always have some spare room, but there are still limits.

There are multiple types of SLC cache as well. Client drives may have a small number of gigabytes of SLC that can absorb a small burst of writes. Client drives may also have pseudo SLC (pSLC) that is called pSLC, TurboWrite (Samsung), etc. With pSLC, when there's about 30% of the drive's NAND that is erased, the drive will use that as SLC. So, a 1 TB drive will use about 300 GB of space as a 100 GB SLC cache.

How performance degrades as the drive fills varies widely between drive models. Some drives start to have significant read and write performance degradation long before the drive is half written. Others will maintain fairly consistent read performance (maybe within 90% of that which is advertised) regardless of how full the drive is. For instance, the original version of the Samsung 980 Pro maintains close-to-spec read speeds regardless of how full it is but write performance drops from about 5200 MB/s to about 1300(?) MB/s the moment it hits 70% allocated.

Datacenter and enterprise class drives tend to have lower peak performance than client drives, but their performance is much more consistent regardless of how full they are.

If you are buying a client NVMe drive for speed, buy one that is larger than you need and set aside at least 30% of it in unpartitioned (or unused partition) space. This will prevent the OS from writing to 30% of the drive thus keeping plenty of space for pSLC and similar optimizations. This will also increase the life of the drive as garbage collection is likely to have to rewrite the same data less frequently, resulting in a lower write amplification factor.[1]

1. See Over Provisioning at https://semiconductor.samsung.com/consumer-storage/magician/

> This is what TRIM (confusingly also known as 'discard' in some contexts)

But wait, there's more terms for the same concept: trim (ATA), unmap (SCSI), deallocate (NVMe) are interace-specific ways that Linux performs discard.

> Run `fstrim /mountpoint`

Or if there is no filesystem, `blkdiscard /dev/nvmeXn1[pY]`.
No that's incorrect. We never had to close schools. Sweden kept primary schools open (without masks) and they did fine. Closing schools was a completely irrational overreaction.
uk link to a3 lasers

https://skinflint.co.uk/?cat=prl&xf=3309_A3
>The underlying technology is still innovative and enables novel solutions.

The only situations where blockchain provides novel solutions is where you need something to be absolutely trustless, and even then the trustlessness is limited to things that happen on the blockchain. The moment the blockchain has to interact with the real world outside of the blockchain you get back to problems of trust.

The range of problems that such technology is capable of solving is incredibly small. 99% of problems that I see people claiming are "solved" by blockchain were already solved by a boring old normal database like Postgres, or a distributed database like CockroachDB, or a distributed consensus algorithm like Raft. All of which are several orders of magnitude faster and more efficient than using a trustless, distributed blockchain.

Please name a single real-world problem that you believe blockchain "solves."
The thing about football is that so many people are involved with it, it becomes a school wide event.

You have players on the team and coaches, yes. But you also have cheerleaders, marching band, trainer assistants (usually students who want to go into medicine or physical therapy). There are homecoming pagents and dances plus the social event every weekend for the school that goes along with it.

There’s no sport in high school that comes close to pulling everybody together the same way as football. There’s more to it than just classroom education vs sports in this case. It’s helping to foster a sense of community and school pride.

Often there will be charity drives that coincide using the games as a place to make announcements.
Is it really that bad? At the end of the day a decorator is itself just as function call, not particularly magical in any way. The alternative would be reimplementing the logic of the decorator in the function to be decorated, which isn't necessarily better.
Wait, they’re saying that 4 of every 10 dollars made by a ghost customer goes to Ghost? I’m sure the product is good but that sounds like a large overhead.
If you read the article, it specifically points to remote learning as the thing that put students behind. I think the commenter believes that the negative effect of remote learning is overstated relative to other factors.
The fact that it's all useless.
Like traefik? https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/providers/docker/
You're acting like setting it up by hand means you're diving into the code and doing it yourself. In truth it means just picking the caching extension that matches your needs the most, and if you don't know what that means picking the most popular one will be just fine.

Personally I like this. It means that I was able to pick a caching engine that integrates directly into nginx, so that when I write a new post or edit an existing one the extension invalidates it directly in nginx. This means for the vast majority of my site the content is being served directly from nginx's memory cache. My performance is awesome. If they didn't go with an extension approach that would not have been nearly as easy to accomplish.
Well sure. But it's still the case that most people with blogs that can't handle traffic spikes are running WordPress (generally without caching).
True, but a lot of people, including underage people, are motivated by reason. School ideally goes at an appropriate pace to challenge them. Partly so they pick up good study habits in a non-contrived scenario with obvious benefits.

Saying busy work is important because they might need study habits in five years is not motivating.
Good point, here it is from last year https://web.archive.org/web/20210621194249/https://www.apple...
bad typo re: Debt:GDP: In a recession, denominator (GDP) shrinks, not increases. Debt:GDP then increases.
The balkanization of the internet isn't having more websites on the internet. It is the internet splitting into multiple seperate internets that don't interact. Stuff like the great firewall, the sites that block EU IPs due to GDPR, and what Russia is doing are all examples of the balkanization of the web into smaller, more compartamentalized networksk.

What you are referring to is centralizarton/decentralization where the number of different sites/hosts goes up or down.
“That is roughly comparable to the amount of sugar in 32 billion cans of Coke!”

That's a unique unit of measure I've not seen before. I know in one of Gary Larson's old books he had a comment on his "skeletonize a cow in less than a minute" comic about how he loves weird units of measurement like this.

https://ifunny.co/picture/MMQBLmZr5
Pro tip: For the present you could use widdly https://gitlab.com/opennota/widdly with tiddlywiki for the db saving which is a damn simple set up. You could use caddy as reverse proxy when hosting on a VPS. On my home system I have a custom widdly and a full bells and whistles TiddlyWiki. I use it also on a server to share ideas with my partner who also has an instance.

Feather Wiki Nest is the thing I am looking forward too. It would be a single application, start it and forget it, your wiki just works. That's immense awesomeness!
TOB is one of many justifications for making changes, and only applies in the first decades of the 20th century, yet they also have been adjusting temperatures recorded last year. And yes, they are rewriting the observations. The raw data sometimes isn't even available to the public, so the adjusted temperatures are what we get. It's those adjusted temperatures that get input into the models (that predict the future).

Regardless, there is a serious problem here. It doesn't actually matter if you agree with the rationales for editing the data or not - even if you are 100% on side climatology, the fact remains that they have radically changed their opinions about how the climate was changing in the past, and have done so multiple times (the long period of cooling that triggered the global cooling claims in the 60s and 70s is now no longer visible in the historical data either).

The existence of these changes are simply documented facts. By implication, despite studying climate for many decades they still don't have the ability to accurately measure current temperatures. Again this is not really controversial or up for debate, it's their own telling of the situation. To predict the future you have to be able to at least accurately measure the present.
That didn't happen in a vacuum.

Certainly, P2P services with federation require more people to put in effort, and for those that require each user to be their own node, unless they're designed to be very easy to set up, they're likely to fail to reach most regular people. This was part of the problem with the last wave of them, and could at least have been mitigated by better design on two fronts (first, designing the structure of the service such that it allows individual clients to connect to decentralized nodes run as servers, similar to Mastodon; second, designing the user setup process to make it easy to discover such nodes that fit with how you want to use the service).

But even with those drawbacks, some federated services were starting to gain some traction a decade or so ago. They died because the big players decided they wanted to own everything, and pushed their own services (see: all the various proprietary messaging services, etc).

Personally, I see decentralized, P2P, federated services as a necessary antidote to an Internet increasingly dominated by large corporations with a deep interest in harvesting your data. The problem is how to get there.
Spam, and the inability to address it adequately, was a big part of what killed USENET. See Russ Allbery's legendary rant: https://www.eyrie.org/~eagle/writing/rant.html
I treat industry news as a glimpse of the far future. I.e. I read about some "awesome new database", and I try to make a mental note to check in 5 years which companies totally failed on it and why, and which companies use it with some success and if so for what use cases.

But yes...don't use industry news to guide your decisions. Let other suckers do that for you, and then you can avoid their mistaken :-)
The same thing happens at the vast majority of US universities whose faculty aren’t unionized. In fact, per [0], the two thirds of adjuncts make under $50,000 which is less than half what the union negotiated.

[0]: https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2020/04/20/new-report-sa...
Each subscriber pays for access to the Internet with their ISP fee. However, operators of www sites incur costs that they need to recoup, and that also needs to come from somewhere.

The main problem today seems to be that the average Internet user (look beyond the HN/techie bubble) prefers free services with ads to paying a fee. They know about the evils of Internet advertising in broad strokes, and they consider it a good deal.

Until this changes, all attempts to "replace" the Internet are dead on arrival. In the olden days of www, the number of users was so small that you could host your own site out of hobby and incur negligible costs. If you "replaced" the Internet, all the monthly active crowd from all the social media would flock to the "replacement" with similar demands (sharing photos, videos, livestreaming, etc.) and then again it's time to pay the piper.
The same exists in Spain (albeit with limits per month), it's called Bizum: https://bizum.es/en/about-us/
I realize this is not what you intended, but I have learned more (as an adult) from YouTube than I ever did at school.

A bad teacher in adolescence can ruin an individual’s appreciation of a subject. Today’s kids are blessed with the best teachers in the world, only a few taps away.

There’s nothing intrinsically wrong with video content. But perhaps the recommendation algorithms need to be tweaked so that these websites have more social responsibility towards younger users.
Not necessarily the weight, but lots of other attributes of cars and other factory-made products are the way they are just because of the process in the factory. Sometimes to make production itself cheaper (not just material cost, but process-wise), sometimes to make it more efficient and sometimes just because automating it fully with good results is impossible, compared to making it by hand.
Being 19 weeks behind doesn't sound that bad to me. It sounds like one of those things you can measure but you can't notice otherwise. Sure, still a thing to think about. But haven't you all had a friend who got sick and missed a lot of school? Can you tell from meeting adults that they were ill for half a year during their childhood? Maybe the numbers will capture it, but it doesn't seem like enough to worry about.

What I can say is I'm not surprised if people get lower scores after missing school, because a lot of exams benefit from freshness. You sit there and memorize things that are only useful for the exam, you do the exam, and then you flush the double angle formulas from your cache.

What really matters is that you have some tools, both intellectual and psychological, to keep learning new things for the rest of your life.
I wonder whether finally, there's a straightforward way to embed a Ghost subscription form in any other website. Love the product, but the lack of this is a show stopper for me.
It doesn't say that anywhere - there are 0% payment fees on transactions in Ghost.
It is unfortunate when a talented teacher, as the OP seems to be, turn to industry for (significantly) more money, but this seems to be the way the market works pretty much everywhere around the world.

There are however some advantages to an academic job: somewhat more flexible schedule (not when you're teaching), relative freedom to engage in whatever research you wish, no need to sit in front of a computer screen all day, job security.
If you are interested in an intellectually honest discussion and actually valuable information:

Web3 is like web2, but operated and owned by its users rather than centralized authorities. This is accomplished through blockchain technology.

I could also give a more detailed explanation with (dis)advantages. However, I should really get back to work. Moreover, I am under the impression that you are not really interested in the truth, given that you were happy to adopt the BS "definition" from that article. If I am wrong, I would be happy to get back to you.
Author here.

Took a while to get thumbs-up to publish the talk. Happy to answer questions, if any.
Every time I see a mention of Ghost on HN I'm reminded of a 2018 interview the founder of the project did with a podcast (SE Daily) in which he said he wished, in retrospect, that he had chosen Laravel or some other PHP framework instead of NodeJS as they would have been "years further down the features pipeline by now." I wonder if he still feels that way.

Link: https://softwareengineeringdaily.com/2018/07/26/ghost-open-s...

Edit: You can search for "Laravel" in the transcript and see an algorithmic attempt at transcribing that part of the conversation: https://softwareengineeringdaily.com/wp-content/uploads/2018...
> token solution that makes it extremely expensive and prone to weird incentives like speculative investing and hoarding.

You just reminded me of EOS, which raised over 4 billion dollars and promised to run a 'world computer', that descended into a morass of speculation on everything up to and including RAM timeslot bookings on the system. I just looked it up, and a mere two years later the entity that had all the funds is doing something else, and the community announced the project a total failure.

The blockchain space really is stunning to behold.
> Being smart and understanding the material are the important endpoints.

This statement contains a serious misapprehension and requires revision.

My grandfather would often say that "understanding" swimming won't help you when you're drowning. You need to be able to swim. You can't get to a point where you can swim through mathematics without solving a lot of math problems. You don't become good at something by stopping when you obtain superficial understanding. You become good through practice.

I can go read a tutorial on Rust and "understand" the words on the page, and I may even be able to explain the borrow checker to you in my own words. But I won't be able to program in Rust until I spend a lot of time practicing it.

The important endpoint is not what you can understand, but what you can do.
Ah, I see the issue you’re going for now: feature evolution. Certainly that’s the trickiest part of the scheme. I still wouldn’t say end-to-end encryption is special here; certainly it’s likely to be a more intrusive update than most, but if introducing it late you’d still handle it the same way as any other, most likely as an optional feature for a certain period of time, after which incompatible clients can no longer connect.
Apple’s Google search payment will likely continue for years, despite antitrust
+! for the Economist. It's not only that their slower pace leads to less hype-y news, but also that their writing is extremely clear and well edited.
That sounds objectively much worse than what we have now.

> POAPs are NFTs that function of digital badges to prove you attended an event

Save your ticket stub. Buy a t-shirt from the event. It's not even valid proof if the event organizer can hand them out to anyone.

> Using POAPs benefits event organizers by creating a direct line of communication with attendees, allowing more interactive, more responsive events and a more reliable way of building relationships with guests and followers

How does an NFT work better than emails/organizing website?

> POAPs benefit individuals by creating a completely personalized story of a person’s life, linking them with moments in time without sharing any data with big centralized platforms

Oh good, so instead of posting things on facebook, now facebook can just read the public chain to get that automatically. Brilliant.
That's how you know this is an informed and well-thought article.
> maybe start to pay more attention as your home country deteriorates

The reasons for why countries deteriorate are vast and complicated. During such trying times, there’s always a group selling the line that deterioration is happening because some “other” is causing it, and those tends to be immigrants, refugees, Jews, or any of the other go-to scape goats.

So by the time your country is so bad that you notice it at the local level (I believe that dysfunction really is trickle down), the dysfunction at all levels is so deep that it’s too late for you to find the cause if you haven’t been paying close attention all along. Because any such quest for knowledge is filled with so many land mines and sand traps that the truth is completely obscured. You’re liable to get sucked into the easy to understand and straightforward explanation with a simple solution; the others cause it, so get rid of the others to fix it. Problem solved right?
LOL :) ROFL
Cat videos also aren't completely useless: they make people happy. Shitcoins hasn't done anything but scam people and contribute way more CO2.
I hope the existing UI will carry on, its been built-up over the years with lots of features and seems stable.

I've put in the time to learn and have muscle memory of the UI, I don't want to see that investment wasted.

Finally, Jetbrains, Eclipse etc... were intended for professional and serious uses, I detest having these new Fisher-Price interfaces where everything is dumbed down.

I'll be quite vocal about this in feedback to Jetbrains as a paid subscriber.
SF anecdotes:

My old house cleaner used Zelle, new one Venmo. I recently prepaid for a camping trip and needed 40 parents from kids’ school to pay me back. Most used Venmo, a few used Zelle, one sent to my wife’s PayPal. Most of my friends use Zelle (and close friends and family use Apple Cash because it has the least amount of friction, once set up).

My kid in preschool has an extra sports class and music class. Both are paid by Zelle. Last month I got a haircut and the owner had a sign saying she preferred Zelle (saves 2-3% vs Cc/Square). Zelle seems to be growing amongst small businesses.

I once sent a friend who works at Square some square cash. It went unredeemed because he forgot about it. Had to resend.

I’ve only used wires when buying homes.

I use ACH to pay taxes, some utilities, etc.

StateFarm lets me pay my insurance bill with ApplePay, which gives me 2% cash back.

In short, very Balkanized with no dominant system.
Many birds and twitter :)
This is my take. I build products that have the critical infrastructure be fairly simple and hosted completely on third party systems. The most custom part of my system is just the customer portal, which can go down without impacting the core product functionality.
If apple makes it fee-free and paperwork free even for small businesses, and they make an android compatible app, then it will be successful and will take over from banks and MasterCard/visa.

Otherwise it'll remain a tiny proportion of the overall payments industry.
The difference with cat is that at least it is looks nicer in some cases. For example, if I want to put the input file at the start of the pipeline, the cat-less version looks weird and confusing.

<file1 somecmd >file2

I wish that shells would just optimize the useless cat behind the scenes, so I could use it without soliciting complaints :)
Literally none of what you said is true
There's a difference between full page caching like you're describing and in application caching. Most Wordpress caching extensions work internal to the application, not externally by putting something in front of it. With one of the popular extensions you can reduce database calls to basically zero without putting a http cache in front of the application.
To be fair, HN discussions are prone to sybil attacks, of which cryptocurrencies are not.
> “We're a team of 31 people now, spread all over the world, and Ghost's own revenue is now about $5M/year (up almost $2M from this time last year). We're still an independent, self-funded nonprofit organisation that can never be bought or sold. And, everything we do is still decentralised and open source.”

There’s a lot to unpack from this paragraph. Good for them.
There is a real reason for that: no-one works an adjunct because they want to stay an adjunct (or, at least, I've never heard of that). You work as an adjunct because you want to stay on the academic path while you angle for a tenure-track position.

However, since the supply of PhD students grossly outnumbers the number of tenure-track positions, people do end up in some kind of limbo (post-docs, non-track lecturer or adjunct positions) for a long time.

The tenured positions also don't pay as well as industry but they come with much greater freedom, more flexible balance of research vs. teaching vs. service and incredibly robust job security.