skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
While I dislike poorly written laws (including those that work around some failing of our current "state" of government) and judges lacking accountability - this seems to be in the same league as the EPA Regulator Case[0] that's sitting at the Supreme Court right now.

The end-goal doesn't appear to be justice for the aggrieved party but more so the elimination of agency-issued oversight. The jurisprudence seems to follow the idea that if the legislator didn't explicitly grant or disallow an agency to do something or regulate something then that agency has absolutely no power at all to do it.

On a basic level this seems to make sense but the practical application of this would mean that legislators would need to explicitly pass legislation anytime a regulatory body needs to address a specific issue or regulate some behavior (that presumably they already had the authority to regulate by the very nature of the agency being created).

This _may_ be a regular case that naturally found its way into the legal system - but the 5th circuit has the history that it does and the targets of these lawsuits (SEC, EPA, etc) typically have deep-pocketed foes.

[0] https://www.npr.org/2022/02/28/1082934438/supreme-court-to-h...
As someone who wants to be a software developer one day, I took notes from the 'How to hire actually good engineers' post. Honestly, I lack code and I'm gonna fix that.
Crusoe Exposed: Transmeta TM5xxx Architecture 2
I think most of those cases that before were tried by administrative courts will still end up in a settlement instead of a trial. The difference is that now the process will not be blatantly favoring the executive agencies of federal government, which right now act as judges in the cases they themselves prosecute, and decide appeals from their own decisions.
Not OP but here: https://thomas.me/about/
Related:

Oil giant Aramco reports record first quarter as oil prices soar

Oil giant Aramco reported a more-than 80% jump in net profit Sunday, topping analyst expectations and setting a new quarterly earnings record since its IPO.

https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2022/05/15/aramco-worlds-largest-co...
Diverting money from renewables to nuclear brings climate disaster nearer.

A dollar spent on renewables buys several times what a nuke could produce, and immediately, not ten years from now and buying fuel in the meantime. The money spent just on the fuel over that time would mostly pay for building the renewables.
Great summary, this is very fascinating. What are some of the likely impacts & effects this ruling will have over the long-term?
The sun definitely shines all day. If it stopped shining at night, you wouldn't see a full moon
Ask HN: Why are all the big tech companies reaching out all at once?
Hi HN,

I have been a software developer for 2 years, all at the same company. Last week, I got asked to interview for a position at Google. I was stoked, took the phone interview a few days ago. Today, I got emails from both Microsoft and Amazon.

This can't be a coincidence - why have these tech companies decided to reach out to me now of all times?

This sounds crazy, but the only thing I can think of is that I had a tweet go lowest-key viral among a subgroup of a subgroup associated with tech.

Does anyone with knowledge of Big Tech recruiting know what's going on?
Whenever I see an unusually obnoxious hiring process, I assume they're hoping that only desperate H1-B's apply, so they can be as abusive as they want to their workforce.
PGP already has solved the problem, the "OG" blockchain: web of trust, a decentralized trust model.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_of_trust

And you can implement it without silly proof-of-work nonsense.
Saw this recent submission (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31397165) and remembered this far more in depth article that goes into internal architecture of the Transmeta Crusoe, reverse engineered from the code morphing binaries themselves.
> 3) Prepare to hunker down at your current job for awhile (lose the job hopping mindset for the time being if you have it)

I just got a pretty good offer and I don't know what to do - I am a bit worried I will be the first to be downsized if things go south. The company seems to be doing well and has IPO'ed so there's that.
On the other hand no one can guarantee that my current startup won't struggle in the coming year or two.
I am not sure that is correct. It is possible that solar panels absorb more total energy and keep it locally than would otherwise be reflected back into space via radiative cooling.
Did their clarification truly merit such a snarky response?
The more that you need a system the less the designers need to care about UX. If this one service is something you absolutely have to use, then you will use it regardless of awful UX, because you have to. Conversely, if the service is something that's simply nice or fun to use, or there are tons of alternatives, then the UX must be good or people will go without your service or use an alternative.
It will be very interesting to see what happens if SCOTUS tries to roll back the administrative state, because this is how Congress wants things to work. They passed all those laws to create the agencies, after all. And the expanding administrative state is what has allowed members of Congress to do less and less actual work, and more and more performance art and fundraising. They barely even have to pass budgets any more; the agencies all find a way to keep “essential services” running anyway.

Also, personally it drives me crazy when American legal discussions fall back to English legal traditions. Didn’t we fight a big revolution so we wouldn’t have to live with all that baggage? I’m not a lawyer so I know I’m out of my depth. But as a U.S. citizen living under a written Constitution, I have a hard time understanding why my country should make itself beholden to England’s legal history specifically.
It doesn't seem like they were trying to dump Russia. No, they were simply trying to also improve relationships with the West. Either way, it's their right to choose their economic partners. A military invasion by Russia is not an acceptable response.
Summary:

* SEC's in-house judges violate U.S. Constitution by denying fraud defendants their right to a jury trial and acting without necessary guidance from Congress

* The court ruled 2-1 in favor of hedge fund manager George Jarkesy Jr and investment advisor Patriot28 LLC, overturning an SEC administrative law judge's determination that they committed securities fraud.

* Davis also split from the majority's holding that SEC judges are unconstitutionally protected from being fired.

One thing to note is that SEC judges are considered ALJs (administrative law judges) and are "Inferior Officers of the United States”[2] within the meaning of the Constitution’s Appointments Clause [1].

Currently, ALJs can only be removed for cause, and the only people who can remove them are SEC Commissioners and Merit Systems Protection Board members [3].

[1] https://www.gibsondunn.com/supreme-court-rules-that-sec-aljs...

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_law_judge

[3] https://nclalegal.org/2021/01/u-s-supreme-court-will-not-hea...
nit: watts are measured per second, not per hour
HyperText Markup Language, but also have some UI elements/styles.
No, you couldn't. The Ninth Circuit isn't nearly as politically lopsided[1].

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals...
Interesting take, but you're biggest complaint about vertical search engines seems to be "relevance depends on the sociology of the current moment. " Curation is just a another form of this, and a lot more momentary.

You also state "With strong opinions on how to organize information, reflected in their choice of filters, vertical search aggregators have distinct advantages that horizontal software can never achieve." I strongly believe google can do this, structured data was a big push to make this easier for search engine, but as machine learning models expand to extract structured data from unstructured text, giants will be better positioned to do this then vertical search engine.

"Spotify doesn’t curate what songs make it to their platform. Instead, it takes the entire universe of music and finds endless ways to discover and search across its library, including a mix of manual curation (via playlists curated by its in-house team of curators and its users) and algorithms (like Discover Weekly)." So would the metrics like whether a user follows more links, after the first one, trys another query, hops back to the search results quickly, a form of curation?

And I also think most of your boutique search examples, aren't search engines, but in app searches. A search engine needs to search an index external documents to be a search engine.

Looking at the query, "What do NFT collectors think about NFTs?", how you describe curated search engine would be terrible at answering that, because it would give very limited scope of the curators opinions. Google should return all the results containing content where people talk about this, and you can form an objective opinion based on what people are talking about. A better model for answer this type of question would probably be a massive language library like GPT3, continually trained on current information.
Those are all just CRUD with a different title
Awesome write up thank you.

What about executive orders?

That seems like extreme overreach of the executive branch.

It's it being used in an emergency either.

The presidents are issuing hundreds of them during their terms.
> Imagine you are the CEO

Warning: If you take this farther than idle speculation, it is a good way to burn yourself out trying ineffective strategies to drive organizational change.
Ask HN: Imigrating to Canada
Hi All,

I have recently written an inquiry about Canadian Tech jobs ("Who Is Hiring In Canada"), and got mixed responses.

I am a 31 (almost 32) years old European, EU citizen (Hungary) wanting to relocate to Canada (Toronto/Vancouver). I have checked out the options, so far I have seen two ways of managing the move:

- going there as a Skilled worker and also as a Maverick: I have to show 14k CAD on my account for the entry and try to find a job once there

- going there with a Valid Job Offer from any "Canadian" company (must be established, and registered there), no budget check, just need to cover the first few months

I am actively applying on LinkedIn/Glass-door, whatever jobsite I find. I'm a full-stack engineer with IT BSc having 8 years of commercial experience (startups, fortune 500s), so "skill-wise" I should be qualified for many jobs, even if I have to accept sacrifices like the role/tech/salary, whatever it takes to get started.

I have lived in three countries in Europe already, it is simply "boring", and the war in Ukraine puts my foreseeable career/life at risk. Don't get me wrong, I am not a refugee, but wish to live on a much greener pasture.

If you have any tip, insight, or a name of a Company worth to checkout, please don't hesitate to comment! Any help is much Appreciated!

THANKS!
Arpad
Right, extrapolation from the present and past where the growth has been exponential is not promising. But if somehow know the saturation level, upper asymptote, then what are doing is more like interpolation than extrapolation. Then the sigmoid curve is the solution to the differential equation I posted here a few minutes ago here at

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31429475

and there is just the one free parameter k. Sometimes in practice have a shot at estimating k.
Thanks for the feedback! I've opened an issue to track this [0]

* Levels 1-19 are the "standard" compression levels.

* Levels 20-22 are the "ultra" levels which require --ultra to use on the CLI. They allocate a lot of memory and are very slow.

* Level 0 is the default compression level, which is 3.

* Levels < 0 are the "fast" compression levels. They achieve speed by turning off Huffman compression, and by "accelerating" compression by a factor. Level -1 has acceleration factor 1, -2 has acceleration factor 2, and so on. So the minimum supported negative compression level is -131072, since the maximum acceleration factor is our block size. But in practice, I wouldn't think a negative level lower than -10 or -20 would be all that useful.

[0] https://github.com/facebook/zstd/issues/3133
'money spent on storage is mostly wasted, because to charge it up you would need to burn fossil fuels'

Huh? Why would you not charge your utility battery bank with surplus solar or wind power?

Bonus: at the point when solar or wind power would be curtailed (when it is generating more supply than the grid demands), is also when the wholesale price per MWh is zero or negative, making it free or profitable to charge your batteries.
Joint Policy Search for Multi-Agent Collaboration with Imperfect Information
I've been very happy with mine. As another user mentioned, the main issue with it is the battery life isn't as good as some other Android phones, but it's good enough that as long as I charge it daily I rarely have to worry about it. Though I do really wish it had wireless charging.
Solar panels require minerals that must be mined too. Batteries are an even greater abomination.

Nuclear waste is also extremely compact.

Unfortunately our world is not run without the consumption of resources. There are trade offs to everything.
Tax is written by a bunch of people whose background is overwhelmingly from law, not finance, for reasons that have nothing to do with logic, consistency, financial literacy, understanding, sanity, or common sense. Politicians frequently pass laws without understanding what it will do or what its implications are, because they just didn't think that far ahead. It is quite possibly the worst system you could come up with for writing tax law.

That said, there is a logic to most of it, but not in a way that allows you to come up with general heuristics or universal abstractions.
I believe it's Century[1].

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Century_type_family
This makes sense for lithium based batteries, but those aren't the only ones around. Iron flow batteries, for example, consist mainly of iron, salt, and water. There's no shortage of ingredients. They're too big and heavy to be practical for most transportation applications, but they have a number of desirable properties for utility-scale energy storage. https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/02/23/1046365/grid-sto... is a pretty good writeup.
To be a commercial driver it is necessary to contract with State for the privilege of engaging in commerce.

Most people travelling in private conveyance are not engaging in commerce.

Have you researched USSC rulings about private travel?
The fact that Plaid works within a modal iframe with no clear domain verification, bypassing the browser's HTTPS lock icon, and then *asks for your banking login*, is irresponsible and inexcusable for a financial company. That kind of insecure flow is a phisher's dream.
Ransomware gang threatens to overthrow Costa Rica government
I like your comment because it's useful to consider but amusing at how dire survival amongst humans might be.

If you haven't watched Last Man On Earth (TV show), it's a good combo of the same thoughts (humorous, but easily provokes more serious thought). And for less-light fare, Alone is a good insight into survival in the wild, though without worrying about humans as a threat. Humans, of course, completely changes the game.
The childhood mortality rate in Mali has fallen from 37% in 1970 to 9% in 2020. The fertility in the same period fell only from 7.13 to 5.78.

The number of surviving children has thus increased from 4.49 to 5.25, thanks to medical advances and international aid.

As we donate aid and food, the population will continually increase until either our generosity is exhausted or some other environmental limit is hit.

Mali has 37% of its population without access to contraception. We should be donating education, contraception and abortion for women, not food aid.
It doesn't really address the question. There's no such thing as "something, anything". I mean, there obviously is for the author, but that's exactly the difference between our mindsets, which is exactly the problem. I know how to build a concrete thing, most of the time. I have no idea, how to build "something", most of the time. I mean, there always are exceptions and sometimes I can come up with something, but that obviously happens rarely enough, compared to the OP.
Tangentially related, the US has the world's largest stockpile of cheese [0], coming in at 1.4 billion pounds as of 2019.

[0] https://www.npr.org/2019/01/09/683339929/nobody-is-moving-ou...
Let me repeat this very clearly here. HN folks seem to think that developers in the internet at large are "good" and google is evil. Or that things like google asking random developers from china to go through a security assessment is appalling.

I can tell you that for businesses and others spending money (ie, where the business is the customer and not the product) the perspective is opposite this.

A business wants google to track users so logins from unusual locations / devices go through more rigorous authentication. That is considered a benefit, not a harm.

A business wants google to scan everyone's email - for everything from phising to spam to malware. This is considered a benefit not a harm.

I think folks here underestimate just how trusted and core to many individuals and businesses google is. Many folks trust google MORE than they do their own goverment, including on issues of spying on emails and more.

The goverment leaks everything - from photos of dead celebrities to tax returns. Many goverment are active in spying on their users as much as they are able. Around the world, brands like Apple and Google considered evil here on HN, have just insane brand value.

Again, Google are idiots if they were to go the facebook route and not keep the private info they hold pretty secured. The downsides are SO much larger for them (see Cambridge Analytics) than the upsides of allowing random third party internet developers to access someone's email on an ongoing and programmatic way without these types of controls.
Not true. A battery stores kWh. kW is practically unlimited for utility-scale batteries. By contrast, many other storage methods have limits on kW, but may offer practically unlimited kWh. Some limit charging kW, but may be discharged at a higher rate.

Short-term storage wants high charge and discharge rate, efficiency and durability. Longer-term storage mainly favors cheap capacity, and tolerates low charging rate and low efficiency.
> Stay hungry, stay foolish.

If you want to feel disengaged at work, neglect your diet and make foolish choices that break people’s trust.

If you want to feel engaged at work, eat lunch with your coworkers and talk philosophy.
If people can't afford grain then they go without food. Aka famine is the "fallback".
I have two complaints there. One is the free internship thing. The second is the focus on one's high school career in the essay section. Two yellow flags makes red, IMO.
This intuition can be kind of wrong - Long haul grid power isn't cheap, and it may turn out that large batteries on location will be more effective in many cases.
I don't know what you're talking about. Obama famously tried to reset the US relationship with Russia back to something more cordial and Vladimir Putin used that as an opportunity to spit at their feet, as if it were a sign of weakness. Because the only thing Putin seems to respect as a potential limit on his power are overt physical threats.
Lead from AvGas is extremely insignificant despite what the Santa Clara Supervisors would have you believe in their quest to ruin Reid Hillview Airport.
Realistically, people do decide what's good and what's bad all the time. Individual decisions usually aren't given much weight, but when a majority of people decide one way that should translate to action. The ban on smoking in public places is one example. Crypto has been around for a decade+ now and most people have not seen any value from it. But we will all be affected by energy shortages and higher emissions.
In terms of the enzyme engineering challenge, it turns out to have been pretty straightforward to improve upon the starting enzyme.

The designed enzyme sequence

>contains five mutations compared to wild-type [1]

In this case, the enzyme used as the starting point for engineering turns out to need only a few small changes to improve its ability to efficiently depolymerize PET.

Choosing which of those small changes to make is the aim of the machine learning algorithms the authors used. The authors provide a visualization of exactly where those changes are inside the protein on their website

>Interactive visualizations of MutCompute for Fig. 1 are available at https://www.mutcompute.com/petase/5xjh and https://www.mutcompute.com/petase/6ij6

1. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04599-z
You need something constant, either the model or the hardware, otherwise you cannot have those relative numbers. And you usually want to have a trend.
See my other reply
> none of the big oil companies are going hard into renewables

Citation, please.

Because afaik it's the other way around.

They're not 'oil' companies, they're energy companies. As long as something other than 'oil' gets more interesting they'll do it.
In a sufficiently complex system with a big enough hierarchy, personal OKRs become quite far from the end product due to necessity.

If the product objective is to grow an app to 100m users, the objective of a backend distributed systems team would be to scale the system to handle the load.

If front end requirements change, for example the app needs to serve videos instead of images, entire OKRs of the backend team might need to be rewritten. If requirements change often enough the backend team OKRs just become meaningless. If they follow your model, the backend team objective would be to just "help the product scale", and the personal OKRs would be just to "help the team scale the backend and make my EM happy" because there's no way to really plan for what the product team wants next. That may well be the only thing that can be done, but it's a degeneration to a system that offers no clear accountability, and just points to the futility of sticking to the OKR model in a large organization that needs to move fast.
In some countries, the modern systems are byzantine.

In New Zealand, which is similar population to say Oregon, the modern systems absolutely spank the old systems.

Tax: the majority of people don’t need to file a tax return, instead it is all automatic. You only file if you have income from uncommon sources, such as foreign investments. Any questions, and I can call my tax department, and I get a person who answers the phone call, and answers the difficult questions correctly. They don’t treat you like a criminal: 10 years ago I personally did five years of unfiled tax returns simultaneously . . . I rang and asked questions of the tax department, and got my refunds without any trouble. I believe you can trust the tax department (YMMV).

Local government: I can walk in to their help desk and ask questions for free about the council rules and processes. I admit the help desk does not provide legally binding opinions, instead you need to go through formal processes. The local council may be slow and difficult for some things, but the process is fairly transparent and you can get closure on questions if you persist. The local council has restrictions on what it can do. There are automatic rights to house development, so if you follow the planning rules (setbacks, recession planes, etcetera), then it is unlikely for neighbours or local government to be able to chuck a spanner into your plans to build on your own property.

Passport renewal: last time I did it over the internet.

Mostly the government interactions New Zealand at least functional, and sometimes they are even pleasant.

The exception is our legal system, which is still mostly paper based, and archaic. Although anecdotally it works better than the US system.