skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I don't know what you mean by n=1. If someone goes to the hospital to get treatment for a rash, the doctor has methods to determine if the rash is from poison ivy, or an allergic reaction, or a burn, or eczema, even if those rashes all look visually similar, even with an N=1 patient. Because we have established diagnostic lab tests to assay for certain biomarkers.

If your question is, how can we currently do this with Autism, the answer is, we cant. Yet. That is the whole point of performing basic research to understand the underlying etiology. If we stop doing this research, we'll never find out.

Wrt. your second question, a lot of medications are simply "bandaids", and that is indeed a problem. Adderall doesn't cure ADHD, Zoloft doesn't cure depression, Levodopa doesn't cure Parkinson's. They are acceptable for now because they offer some relief from the symptoms, but do nothing to fix underlying problem.

So for a concrete example Levodopa is given to both Parkinson's and Huntington's disease patients. However if we get to the point where we can reverse Huntington's disease using CRISPR to edit the trinucleotide repeat issue, should we expect this same method to work with Parkinsons patients just because the two disorders have similar symptoms? Absolutely not. Parkinsons has nothing to do with trinucleotide repeats. Which is good to know, so we don't attempt a highly invasive treatment on people who we know for a fact won't benefit from it (and may likely do more harm than good on them).
Start with,

"An Incremental Approach to Compiler Construction"

http://scheme2006.cs.uchicago.edu/11-ghuloum.pdf
We know of one instance of a civilization broadcasting radio waves. But a Dyson Swarm has never been seen, it's purely speculative at this point. Uncertainty that Dyson Swarms ever exist changes the expected outcome of searching for them.
Even now we've adopted encryption, which appears sufficiently random. How long til all signals are just encrypted by default. Anyone picking up those signals would have a hard time proving they're not noise.
The actual article title is "An approximation to determine the source of the WOW! Signal"
And the closest Neutron star is 200 ly away moving our way, thankfully in a safe distance in some 300.000 years. Had this thing flung in a short distance it could disturb planetary trajectories.

Supernovas can have the same effect as magnetars, as also black holes. There could even be a tiny one lurking in the outskirts of our solar system (the so-called planet 9). What I wanted to point out is that the Universe is a very hostile place. There could have been myriads of civilization that were eradicated because of a cosmic event every now and then.
I'm not sure that a book by an infamous conspiracy theorist should be taken very seriously regarding "the most powerful institution in your life." As with many things (and conspiracies especially), there may be nuggets of truth buried between the lines, but you're guaranteed to come out of it covered in a lot of excrement.
He backed out as seller (the grandparent post's concern - "knocking on your door", post-closing), or buyer?

I can see it as buyer (you want a house, not a title insurance claim). But as seller...even having your own atty. involved seems pretty odd. It's the job of the Realtors, title company, and bank(s) to judge the buyer's money, and call it good or bad.

(Or did someone offer to buy your acquaintance's house, with no intermediaries, for a briefcase full of cash? That raises enough red flags that you could host a birthday party for Karl Marx.)
And worth doing because sometimes we get very lucky and stumble upon such surface fossils.
It has feed about posts like original Facebook without algorithms. WhatsApp et al. does not have.
Its private, free, and with no ads...

... well until we need to make money, when we will sell all of that to someone.
> they seem to be so confident in their system

Having spent a lifetime building networks and software that actually makes me nervous
For those who are interested, there is a way to try this that is quick, cheap, readily accessible, & delicious!

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/video/femail/video-2323636/Video...
If people say it, and other people understand what is said, then it's acceptable, correct English. End of story. "English as she is spoke", as Mark Twain put it. The dictionary is defined by how people speak, not the other way around. There is no arbiter of the English language, nor should there be. Oxford, Merriam-Webster, Urban -- they're all just snapshots of a language that has no real rules besides "if it sounds right, it's valid".

Scare quotes are absolutely valid English, because people use them. They are used to signal sarcasm or disbelief.

I'm going to assume that you are having a bad day or your comments were simply flamebait, in either case -- I hope you feel less angry soon and enjoy the rest of your day.
I'll bite, I have use cases alone these lines. I don't use SQL in new projects.

When iterating on new systems, especially one with live users. I can keep users at different document schemas. If I'm careful I can make it so that all document schema changes don't break old ones yet also allow for new functionality not requiring mass migrations of documents.

CouchDB allows the db to just be exposed to the world directly. Projects where it's reasonable (user owned/controlled data particularly), I can stand up the system with 97% front end code 3% backend. Having the near entirety of your application stack in one place means you can use smaller more specialized teams and your overall areas of concerns are smaller without needing to draw up a formal spec for your data transport.

The whole GraphQL vs REST debate is meaningless when you don't even have to think about your transport stack between the server and the browser. There are other perks to this model such as providing a fully functional website/webapp even while offline. It's trivial to switch between a couchdb backend and local pouchdb copy of your db. Potentially lower bandwidth use while just transferring updated docs instead of consistent queries or asset fetching where the same data moves across the wire over multiple uses (not a win for single visits to a single page style sites). Keeping multiple clients on the same document set in sync without socket.io work.
I think I won by not pressing down
The "Pinto Memo" [1] being a notable example. Although, as the article says, the cost / benefit analysis was against "societal costs" of the safety issues, not just the cost of litigation.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Pinto#Cost%E2%80%93benefi...
This is great, and hopefully they continue this momentum.

> Sigstore was a key project in achieving SLSA level 2 status and getting a head start towards achieving SLSA level 3 compliance, which the Kubernetes community expects to reach this August.

Looking into the details of these SLSA levels, I see that reproducible builds aren't required until level 4 (and the specification[0] for these levels is only on version 0.1). With more projects supporting Sigstore, though, the technology and best practices should quickly mature.

[0] https://slsa.dev/spec/v0.1/levels
Hook/hooked aren't limited to drugs and software. Books, shows, songs, news articles, etc. all have hooks. They just don't use the term user because the mode of interaction is different.
Dung beetle here - poop is food, food is poop!
Walking through a red-light is illegal and so is driving through a green light when somebody is improperly walking through the intersection. There's no contradiction here.
Ask HN: What skills as a CS student should I focus on this summer?
Hello, everyone. I'm a first-time poster but a long-time reader here.

I've started my journey into CS, and I wanted to humbly tap into the collective knowledge and wisdom of HN. (I've seen other people ask questions similar to mine, and I've been repeatedly blown away at the quality and depth of the responses; it's wonderful to see.)

I recently completed the first semester of a four-semester diploma program in software development. I'm a mature student, in my mid-30s, and I went back to school because I've always loved technology, and because problem-solving through programming is deeply appealing to me. (Some of what I've read on HN pushed me to this career path, too.)

This summer, I want to focus on learning fundamental skills -- mostly technical, but I'm more than open to soft skills, too -- that will contribute to my success in this program and for my career. However, the amount of stuff out there combined with my inexperience has left me rather overwhelmed. It's difficult knowing where to start.

I'd love your feedback on where a novice like me can best focus his efforts. I have a few questions below, but I guess part of my problem is not knowing exactly what to ask other than: what skills, ideas, concepts, or knowledge should I spend my time on?

(For some context, my education background is in English Literature. I don't have a lengthly or particularly strong background in math or STEM. We ARE learning mathematics for computing and discrete math in our program.)

* Some questions *

-- In our first semester, we used Python as a gateway language to learn computational thinking and problem-solving. I like Python and want to continue with it, but because we're learning C next semester, and because I want to broaden my skills, I started learning C on my own by way of _C Programming: A Modern Approach_, by K. N. King (A fantastic read, btw). An instructor suggested doing both is fine. Do you agree? Or would it be better to focus on just one language?

-- It seems to me that algorithms and data structures are foundational skills worth focusing on. Would you agree? If so, what one, two, or three books would you consider (a) required reading and/or (b) excellent for beginners? What else in this space would help?

-- More generally, what top three to five skills, ideas, concepts, etc. should I be spending time on?

-- Any other recommendations / advice / suggestions / words of wisdom?

Thank you for considering my inquiry. I'm deeply grateful for any input you may have!
Yes, the process was named after Maxwell's daemon: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daemon_(computing)
I don't like efficiency as a concept -- it hides too much. As a ratio of output over input, it can be used to say all kinds of things (we pay our employees less, I spent less time with my family, etc) behind a veneer of merit or technological improvement.

I prefer talking directly about inputs/costs and outputs/desired effects. This also makes it more explicit who pays the costs and who gets the benefits.
I only have a certain amount of energy to be creative or productive so I spend my other hours somehow on tradional media (music, movies) or consuming internet content or videogames. I don't fool myself that it's anything but. I could spend more time IRL but my patterns haven't changed back since lockdowns even though largely lifted. Maybe this summer will be the time.
Thanks for clarifying, that makes a lot of sense.
UK telecom EE blocks archive.org
I'm not sure but there is question also about resources. Let's say we turn all rocky objects excluding most of Earth and our Moon in the solar system to Dyson swarm. Would this have any noticeable effect on how we show outwards? There is lot of dust around solar system already and asteroid belt is also there.
Haven't we lost satellites that are just orbiting our own planet?
The particular labels you choose have nothing to do with the point Rayiner is making.
It's a pretty neat feature, too (Insert menu) since there are lots of extra options to adjust in the Properties panel as well.

And not as text-oriented, but you can import NASA planet images as textures and use the built-in 3D modeling tools to make a solar system in LO. So you could go full-retro with both Word Art styles and vintage CGI.

https://www.marcc.co/i/lo3d.jpg
It isn't actually clickbait and unfortunately, almost everything in the re-written title is wrong - another reason to stick to original titles.
Plug for Lacanian psychotherapy.

Lacanians are focused, disciplined, and smart. There aren't many of them, either.

Dig around, read a little about Jacques Lacan; if it piques your interest, give it a shot.
Hardly a problem in Europe where on ramps are much better (one lane is primary and one is joining).
Sometimes I also spend too much time on mild entertainment. The solution, for me, has always been to identify what I'm afraid of. For me, procrastination always seems to be rooted in some hidden fears, and if I bring those fears to the forefront, I can understand them better and work on them. Once the fears are quelled, progress is no longer difficult.

Therapy helps you get out of a funk. Therapy takes many forms. As another poster suggested, volunteer work can be one of the best and most effective kinds of therapy. The important thing is to recognize that while you can very likely achieve many of the things you want to do, you probably need help to do it. People really do enjoy helping you (especially if you are grateful for their help.)
Can a driver wake up, be calm, get spatial understanding, do bayesian physics predictions and decide the corrective maneuver in 10 seconds?
Mining for resources, either to send back or for future human landings.
Here's another joke from the same clown at the time: Where are the robo-taxis due for release in 2020 or even Level 5 FSD? [0] Just ask any Musk fan and they will either give no concrete explanation or attempt to dodge and give a hand-wavy response in the form of an admission.

> How are people still listening to this clown?

No wonder, so many people love getting openly scammed in style by him so many times, even defending the atrocious contraption FSD (Fools Self Driving) still is.

[0] https://www.motortrend.com/news/tesla-autonomous-driving-lev...
So i need to find someone who's fit, normal weight, and happy and steal their poop?
I guess the thing that weirds me out about this is not that 'special rules' are applying: if you look at history, they often do. Rather, it's just such a mistake. We're moving in a multipolar world where the US's preeminence is absolutely and explicitly dependent on its position in a 'rules based global order', as the leader of a set of democracies that champion the rule of law. We're also living through an unprecedented era of domestic disillusionment about the rule of law, its enforcement, fairness, and consistency. The US needs its allies more than ever, but it's also leaning on them to do things (rendition, extradition) that are both domestically unpopular and broadly inconsistent with their laws.

I think when historians look back at this era, from the second gulf war on, they'll see it as an era where the US essentially squandered an amazing soft-power position by ridiculously clumsy, arrogant, and petty behavior. And it's being enabled by group think. It's obvious from an outside perspective that all this kind of thing does is undermines the US at home and abroad, and gives ammunition to the Chinese or Russian state line that basically the US are a bunch of hypocrites, and the rules based global order is a sham, or gives ammunition to the left and right of american domestic politics to say that DC is a swamp, for literally no strategic gain. I mean, who really cares about Assange? I certainly don't. I do care about the ability of journalists to do their work without fear of persecution, and even if people don't care about that, they should care about the raw strategic incompetence of what the US is trying to do here.
Yep, and that's another layer of noise on top of the noise that results from efficient spectrum utilization. Only n00bs transmit carriers or intelligible sidebands.
The EHT Director during the announcing conference...

"...We have seen, and taken a picture, of a Black Hole."

Video at the correct time:
https://youtu.be/lnJi0Jy692w?t=456

Let's not even talk about how it come up with that color, or the fact that in reality there are four different images, corresponding to the different four teams that worked with the same data, and the project then decided to publish only one, "averaged" from the four. ;-)
That's like asking "but do fires need that much wood", watching a fire spreading through a forest.
Well, that is why Julia matters.
We can’t even go as far to assume that an alien species has anything resembling an ideology! even a brief glimpse of an alien intelligence could be completely incomprehensible to us… we could spend a thousand years trying to decipher a single signal and get nowhere.

People get all worked up about dyson spheres and radio signals, but these are so deeply rooted in the human understanding of things in our tiny tiny slice of the universe.
I'm pretty sure that's how Typhoid Mary became infamous.
Nvidia Uses Holograms to Shrink the Size of VR Headsets
The unification is a solved problem, as always it's simply that the solutions are ignored by the scientific community.
see e.g. the first valid cannonical quantization of Gravity
https://arxiv.org/pdf/gr-qc/9706055.pdf

GR and QM are fundamentally incompatible and will never be, however one can fork either GR or QM to reconciliate them.
It doesn't sound plausible to me that there has been any point in the last several generations where it was considered "not a big deal" for high school teachers to have relationships with their students. That apparently happened at my high school, once that I know of, during my time there, and it was a very big deal indeed. I can't give you proof that my experience generalizes, but I claim that it does, and that my claim is unremarkable. Whatever you claim the norm was in the 1970s, it clearly didn't survive, which seems fatal to your argument.
Nose Spray Vaccines Could Quash Covid Virus Variants
Maybe we have, but those don't emit terawatts of power while trying to propel themselves in interstellar space.
Energy is the ultimate limiting factor in everything we do. Cheaper and more abundant energy creates applications just like increasing bandwidth leads to new applications (eg video is really predicated on megabit+ connections).

But two things spring to mind:

1. Computing power. AGI is an obvious one. But can you imagine the virtual worlds people could lose themselves in or even live in permanently? and

2. Interstellar travel ie space highways. Curently interstellar travel is effectively predicated fusion power (or something more exotic) because of the reaction mass problem. But another possibility is concentrating sunlight to accelerate vessels out of the Solar System. This is currently the likeliest scenario for reaching a high percentage of light speed.
That's plenty of time. Find a clock and watch the second hand move for ten seconds. It's a long time.
I don't know as this is the place for it, but if we're speaking to things that would lower the temperature, let's get ranked-choice voting in place so that we can break the untrue perception that we're locked into two parties' way of looking at things.
You are attempting to discredit an opponent's position by charging hypocrisy without directly refuting or disproving the argument. This is known as "whataboutism", and there's an article on it on wikipedia.
Humans will survive. How well the modern civilization will fare is bigger question. Breakdown of globalization might be bad.
By force, true, but not necessarily illegally.
Maybe I'm lucky, I work for $LARGE_CORP_WITH_GOOD_BENEFITS and Aetna covers a non-tiny number of independent mental health practices with a small copay per session. Are there many companies with therapists on the payroll? I can't imagine feeling comfortable in that setting.
I'm not saying that an email hack is far-fetched, I'm saying that worrying about this specific consequence of an email hack, while otherwise not worrying about an email hack, is far-fetched. It's like refusing to go to a specific store because you're worried your car engine will catch fire. If you have bigger problems, deal with those first! Don't use them as an excuse while not trying to fix them or take them seriously in any other way.
I don't.

Well, to be honest, for a long time I had just assumed that the database "took care" of that kind of stuff. In reality, the people who managed the database had indexed columns for us, and/or provided guard-rails for developer folks in the form of stored procedures. For a long time I never worried about indexes because I didn't have to. I still have not even the slightest idea what "a cursor" is.

It's only when you _actually_ have to do it yourself that you learn, sometimes harshly, the nature of databases.
The world would keep existing without you and me.
Have you seen a Lacanian analyst yourself? If so—what are the sessions like?
Yes, terminate the contract according to local regulations. Rent again for higher price. Then those who can't afford would need to either move out to cheaper regions or find ways to pay the correct market rate.
I highly recommend "How Query Engines Work" by Andy Grove (author of the Apache Datafusion Query Engine + Apache Ballista Distributed scheduler)

It's written in Kotlin and is very intelligible + succinct (99 pages):

https://leanpub.com/how-query-engines-work

https://github.com/andygrove/how-query-engines-work

As a self-assessment, I rewrote the entire implementation from a columnar/vector-based engine (it uses Arrow) to row-based, using JDBC types, and it took me only 2 readthroughs of the book to be able to do that.

There's also "Database Design and Implementation" by Edward Sciore
I've seen one estimate that 1% of Mercury's mass is sufficient to build a full Dyson Swarm around the Sun.

That's part of what makes Dyson Swarms attractive: planets are incredibly inefficent uses of mass in terms of living area created.

Why Mercury? It's metal-rich, has no atmosphere, has relatively low mass and energy is incredibly abundant due to proximity to the Sun.

Many seem to think we would need to dismantle the Solar System. We do not.
Why is it a lot harder? It seems like if you used just about any ready-to-go blogging platform it would be solved for you. And if you implement your own platform you need to generate a feed which is just as difficult as it was 20 years ago.
Don't editorialise the title.

The actual title is "An approximation to determine the source of the WOW! Signal"

It does not say that a sun like star was found in a region of the sky with the "most" radio signals.

You can find sun like stars anywhere. It's an analysis of whether there are sun like stars in a region of the sky where the "wow!" signal was detected. That signal was extremely powerful, but has never been detected again.
Sounds heavenly. I frequently ask the PMs to include a few devs in the process just to help offer feedback or to bounce ideas around because like you said this approach does appear to save time. And from personal experience implementing an idea that you helped chisel out is a more enjoyable experience.
There's nothing about the way that I've seen automotive related software built that inspires me with confidence. Quite the opposite.
Yandex takeover by Putin's Cronies