skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
My example wasn't set up to avoid one class of data. I said that I might get wet for other, non-rain-related reasons. So there is data with me being wet and with me being dry. And in the data, the observed correlation is zero, even though there is causation. That is because there is a confound. Also, in my toy example, the data collection process is not biased. You can collect the entire population of my days out, and you will still find no correlation. The problem is not sampling bias, it is an unobserved confound.

That was just a toy example. But the linked paper may be an important real world example! You're right that "mask-wearing is only brought in when Covid is bad" is testable. Does the paper test it? Does it attempt to control for endogeneity of mask-wearing? If not, then it may be reporting a spurious null result.

You're right that causation implies correlation in the following sense. "X causes Y" means that if we hold everything else equal, and change X, then Y changes. But that requires holding everything else equal. It's entirely possible that in the data we observe, we see no correlation, because an unobserved confound is biasing our estimates towards 0. That is why serious social scientists spend so much time looking for random variation, and worrying about unobserved confounds. In particular, it is just false to say "they found no correlation, so that proves no causation".
Oh, and most code editors I'm aware of will switch out the whole-word functionality of Ctrl/Double-click with whole-syntax-element, if that's more your thing
I have to disagree with all the negative criticism here. While the instructions may not have been entirely clear up front, actually playing the game just once clears everything up.

And I absolutely love color blending or sorting games, like Blendoku or I Love Hue, so I'll definitely keep playing this game, unlike Wordle or its other clones.

Thanks for creating Colorfle! Please don't change too much.
If the project is planned according to median, you accept up front that there is 50% chance the project will be late.
Not funny, but httpbin.org/<verb> does the trick
This isn't the same as Kindle supporting ePub. How did they get the story so wrong from the linked support article (which isn't an announcement)? Oh, right it's Goodereader who sucks. I'm 90% sure Amazon is converting ePub when you email through their document service to KFX or AZW3 for you. You could already sort of do this before by changing the extension to .PNG but sometimes it would fail anyways.
"The mutual transformations of matter are not an accidental feature, but the very essence of nature. Without change, there would be no world. Heraclitus seems to acknowledge this in his praise of war and strife:

We must recognize that war is common, strife is justice, and all things happen according to strife and necessity. War is father of all and king of all; and some he manifested as gods, some as men; some he made slaves, some free.

Conflicting powers of opposites, including those of elemental bodies, make possible the world and all its variety; without that conflict we would have only lifeless uniformity."

From: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/heraclitus
I am surprised not to see any mention of the OSQP (Operator Splitting Quadratic Program) solver. It is the most impressive open source solver of this type that I have seen published in recent years. It appears to have been developed as a collaboration between Princeton, ETH Zurich, Oxford, Stanford and some other prestigious names. The benchmarks show that it compares favorably with leading proprietary solvers:

https://github.com/osqp/osqp_benchmarks

The problem described seems to be an ideal use-case for Machine Learning. The MATPOWER Optimal Scheduling Toolkit (MOST) can already solve:

"a stochastic, security-constrained, combined unit-commitment and multiperiod optimal power flow problem with locational contingency and load-following reserves, ramping costs and constraints, deferrable demands, lossy storage resources and uncertain renewable generation."

Much more and it becomes a global optimization problem where you can never really be sure you are not just stuck in a local optimum. The L2RPN (Learning to Run a Power Network) challenge, from RTE-France, is the most interesting effort I have seen applying Machine Learning to energy system management.

https://l2rpn.chalearn.org/

https://github.com/rte-france/l2rpn-baselines

The competition has been renewed for 2022 and has been accepted for the IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence in July.

https://wcci2022.org
I read Chapter 1 of "Ministry of the Future" by Kim Stanley Robinson on a recommendation here - frightening that this will happen one day.
Blocking is fine. Nobody should be forced to read anyone else's comments.

However, if a block also prevents the blocked person from replying to the blocker's replies, that creates terrible incentives for abuse. Whoever implemented it was only thinking about blocks used against genuine bad actors, with disregard to how blocks could be (and empirically are) used by bad actors.

The same thing happens all the time on Twitter, which implemented the same "feature".

As strix_varius pointed out in a parallel subthread, this creates a perception of false consensus. It may be, more than any other thing, what's contributed to the hyper-politicization of those platforms. The platforms themselves enforce that any sufficiently engaged user, through enough defensive and offensive blocking, will end up in an echo chamber.
What?

Having run production services that had over 250,000 sockets connecting to a single server port, I'm calling "nope" on that.

Are you thinking of the ephemeral port limit? That's on the client side; not the server side. Each TCP socket pair is a four-tuple of [server IP, server port, client IP, client port]; the uniqueness comes from the client IP/port part in the server case.
You don't really need 77 IP addresses (the 64k limit for TCP is per client IP, per source port, per server IP) but even if you did, your average IPv6 server will have a few billion available. Every client can connect to a server IP of their own if you ignore the practical limits of the network acceleration and driver stack. If you're somehow dealing with this scale, I doubt you'll be stuck with pure legacy IP addressing.

The real problem with such a setup is that you're not left with a whole lot of bandwidth per connection, even if you ignore things like packet loss and retransmits mucking up the connections. Most VPS servers have a 1gbps connection, with 5 million clients that leaves 200 bytes per second of concurrent bandwidth for TCP signaling and data to flow through. You'll need a ridiculous network card for a single server to deal with such a load, in the terabits per second range.
At 1:18 he reads the line “the bukovina coach” but skips the word bukovina. Is this sort of reading normal for audio books and such?
... actually you can escape the filter bubble: On twitter they have the 'list' feature, you can define your list of sources and switch between lists, however most users are probably not using this feature. You had a similar feature on google+, but that was a long time ago.

Here is the documentation of the list feature on twitter: https://help.twitter.com/en/using-twitter/twitter-lists

They should advertise this feature and make it easier to use, if you ask me...
"Off with his head", as the Red Queen oft said - does anything still remain of the classical Royal prerogatives?
This method of convolution of the sound is nowadays utilised in "profiling" amps like the ones made by Kemper. There are these particular amps, effects, speakers, and/or their specific combos, which are considered sacred/sweet/holy which are highly sought after. But most of them cost a lot. There's also the problem faced by touring bands where they have to lug around huge setups. And then there's the issue of maintenance and repairs. These profiling amps help musicians capture the sound of their favorite setups and replicate it in a compact setup. Hugely popular, if not for the price. There are still purists who swear by the sound of 'analog' setups, but for most of the purposes the sound is identical. Fascinating stuff.
Mobi is an ancient terrible format. It doesn't support a lot of features that their newer formats like KFX and AZW3 do. You shouldn't be getting a Mobi from anywhere these days since it's been replaced two times over and you can now send ePub. This only for Kindle Personal Document service and Send to Kindle too.
Working my way through this: https://teachyourselfcs.com/ - I'm almost half way through it. Then, I plan on completing this: https://fullstackopen.com/en/
Water is blue.
It blows my mind that "Polynesian Football" might refer to "American Football" and not "Rugby Football" (or perhaps even "Aussie Rules Football"), so I guess TIL
> It's considered prestigious by other engineers.

I'd love to see some evidence of that. I have never been in an organization where Ops folks and SREs are treated as if those roles are prestigious by other people in the engineering org. Generally they're treated like digital janitors, and assumed to be bad at software development. I've literally had an SWE /at work/ say to my face that "You're in Ops because you weren't smart enough to pass a code interview" because they were upset I had pointed out a flaw in their design and were essentially making an appeal to the nebulous authority of their title.

SRE is definitely more prestigious than being in technical presales to other engineers, but that's because to other engineers any role in the sales org is not real engineering (even if it is), and to sales people anything in the engineering org is a demotion because it means you are joining "the basement people". Sales people aspire to becoming a CEO, not to building something that makes a mark on the world. Engineers want to build the thing, they don't care /how/ they have to go about doing it (whether that's being a founder/ceo or working in the basement).
For a more active native code Clojure interpreter with active users and practical libs, see also Babashka: https://github.com/babashka/babashka (links under Related projects heading can also be interesting)
AOT Compiling JavaScript, Part 1
I am not disagreeing. But your CEO doesn't know that and your end users don't know that.
Really, the only way to prevent corruption of a SQL (or any other kind of) database is to have a server process manage all accesses to the database storage. And even then....

SQLite is great, but I would not use it in a multi-machine, multi-processing environment.
Tangentially related, but I have found the PL course [0] on Coursera taught by Dan Grossman to be really high-quality and engaging. Learned a lot from it.

[0]: https://www.coursera.org/learn/programming-languages
That was brutal eh. Fingers crossed it never happens.
Even in the US, there are some cities with excellent public transit.

New York is the land of subways, and was known for its endless taxis at one point.

I know other US cities have light rail, elevated tracks, transit.

Even SV has things called buses, and rail transit too.

I think people just like to shout random ideas sometimes, without thinking.
Go Runtime: Let sysmon sleep in netpoll if possible
Interesting about udor, as water in ancient Greek is ύδωρ.
I think that dang has said that it's OK to downvote something you disagree with. There is a difference between "I disagree" and "this is dumb", but there's a very broad grey area.
Take a few minutes to learn the NATO phonetic alphabet

Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India, Juliet, Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, Papa, Quebec, Romeo, Sierra, Tango, Uniform, Victor, Whiskey, X-ray, Yankee, Zulu

Gotta spell anything over a voice line? Use it. No more screwing around with "B.. like Bryan, and then U, like .... under". s-c-r-o-l-l-a-w-a-y: sierra charlie romeo oscar lima lima alpha whiskey alpha yankee.

I learned it when I was 14, and I genuinely used this a TON in the decade and half since.
Browsers seem to lack a way to trust a CA only for specific domains.
now you know why we need nuclear power. There's no way to deal with the power surge needed to help a billion people survive.

And this is in the sunniest place on earth with a significant investment in solar energy.
No, that makes sense. I don't think SQLite was ever built for creating the fastest possible setup, nor one that can have the most concurrent usage, because there are plenty of others projects aiming for those goals, while SQLite goals are different.
I and many other autistic people would strongly disagree. Neurotypical vs ASD isn't some gradient like you seem to think, it's much bigger, clearer wall between us.

I am one of those that you wouldn't diagnose autistic, but in reality me and my thoughts are much much much closer to the ones you would than neurotypicals. I wasn't diagnosed as a kid, partly because autism wasn't diagnosed at least in my country when I was born, partly because even though it was obvious to everyone how different I was my parents tried to pretend I'm just a normal kid. And partly because with time I honed my high quality human emulator to the perfection so at some point I could play that almost-"normal" kid part that they and society wanted from me.

Doesn't mean I didn't constantly feel there's been a mistake, I've been born on wrong planet, in middle of different species that doesn't understand me and which I don't understand. Absolutely nothing about the world made sense, life was hard and strange even if I was extremely good at pretending it isn't. It all changed when I found out and found others like me. Nowadays I'd be diagnosed at two years old, and my life would have been so much easier. I wouldn't have the need to pretend (or mask as we call it) as much, which is a HUGE constant stress. I could understand the world and myself much better, and adjust my life knowing better why and how I'm different. I feel like I could have grown up to be much less of a broken person. There are millions and millions like me, many of whom still don't know and are thinking what is going on in this world. They should be diagnosed as early as possible so they could start enjoying life like I have in much healthier way after finding out.

It's not really surprising that it was - and is - underdiagnosed and we're now finding more cases, as not that long time ago we didn't really diagnose it at all, and after that we only diagnosed the minority of cases who couldn't come up with an acceptable human emulator.

And because the mental image we have of autism is so wrong. I spent decades trying to find people like me, disorders that would explain the things. I gave up, thinking I'm unique. But my mental image was wrong also, so I didn't really give it enough thought - autism was a list of symptoms on wikipedia page and Rainman - that's not me, it's just that my brain and thinking is completely different and nobody understands, I can't even tell anyone because it's impossible to explain. It wasn't until I randomly read an article written by autistic person, and like 1/4 way through it I knew I found my kind - before that nobody understood, and that article could have been word to word written by me, except he knew the reasons behind it.
I don't mean that the US doesn't have cities with good public transit, but that the cities with bad public transit are usually in the US.
Dog Breed Doesn’t Affect Behavior, According to New Genetic Research
I am always a little suprized at how many companies decide
that they need to develop a new database to solve the problems
that they have.

Instead of working on making the problem solvable with an exsisting tool.

Personally, I think it would be cool to write my own database as a side
project. I would learn a lot. It is a cool thing to work on.

It is also -hard-. Really -hard- to do it.
There are millions of odd edge cases that preexisting mature solid database
systems have implemented over time as they became aware of them.

Usually, the shortcuts implemented in geen field new databases to make them fast or easy to use end up being impediments laster on down the line.

All of that said in context of being a database being developed by a business
to run their own business on. it is, or it will become a giant time consumer.
Or you can redesign the code of the actual product to fit the quirks of the
homegrown DB.

At that point redesiging the code to fit an existing product will seem like a pretty good idea but now you have sunken cost syndrome.

With all that said, I value diversity.
Sometimes something brilliant can come out of doing things that are
a bit crazy.

I do wish that a lot more operting systems were created.
It could be argued that when you might build a database to solve a product
domain, a custom operating system would also get you part of the way.

Most people when they hear "oh you should create your own operating
system for that" will tell you, you are nuts. (for good reason).
i think the same reaction some come with "You should create your own
datasbaase system"
As an Italian now living in Britain, I'm surprised how smooth and efficient things are here. Brits don't know how good they have it.
Yup, though nobody I worked with saw it that way anymore.

There's a significant drift in its meaning, and there's also dissonance between different areas in the same industry. That's why I wanted to define how this jargon ends up used by me and my peers, and provide a reference point.

(There's a bigger point about value judgement -- I tried not to give too much negative or positive connotations to the whole yak situation, because I don't believe there's an objective mode for it.)
well, not exactly. Zig is also crosscompiling C/C++ code, not just Zig. CGo doesn't do cross-compilation.
Thanks for this! As a French, I always wondered why this oddity.

That should also be introduced when teachers explain hexadecimal :-)
Microsoft Is Adding a Free VPN to the Edge Browser
What do you mean "transactions"? I agree with others that you may have other definitions of transaction. If you meant "I don't care about corruption, just make it as fast as possible" (this is mainly about about write performance though, since reads are already fast), then there are two PRAGMA commands related to this:

PRAGMA synchronous=OFF;
PRAGMA journal_mode=OFF;

The first one yields saving to the OS instead of SQLite verifying that it has been written properly (https://sqlite.org/pragma.html#pragma_synchronous). The second one is basically turning off all journal capabilities, trading ACID for maximum performance (https://sqlite.org/pragma.html#pragma_journal_mode).
Given that the risk of myocarditis after covid 19 infection is six times worse than after vaccination [1] this is just a cost of doing business.

(where "cost of doing business" is defined as "not dying from a disease which is easily preventable in the vast majority of cases")

[1] - https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg25133462-800-myocardi...
While I can't answer the question directly there is an article about C#-s async/await vs Go's goroutines, which compare the two approaches, and while some of the stuff is probably stack-specific, a lot of it is probably intrinsic to the approach:

- Green threads scale somewhat better, but both scale ridiculously well, meaning probably you won't run into scaling issues.

- async/await generators use way less memory than a dedicated green thread, this affects both memory consumption and startup time, since the process has to run around asking the OS for more memory

- green threads are faster to execute

Here's the link:

https://alexyakunin.medium.com/go-vs-c-part-1-goroutines-vs-...
When applied correctly; otherwise it's just words. If you're using introversion or extroversion as a stand-in for "likes remote work" and "doesn't like remote work," then I find it neither helpful nor scientific.
The Linux tuning part seems to have been inspired by these blog posts from 14 years ago: https://www.metabrew.com/article/a-million-user-comet-applic...

It's almost a little disappointing that beefy modern servers only manage a x5 scale improvement, though that could be due to the differences in runtime behaviour between Erlang and the JVM.
Moved my decade old personal blog running on slow and bloated WP to a fast and light-weight Ghost (self-hosted). It's so much better, and a delight to write in its clean and simple editor.
>and productivity for the sake of productivity

For some reason, the word "productive" causes some readers to get the wrong message. (I.e. some readers see a blog text mentioning "productivity" and thus it must be some veiled guilt-shaming article.)

People don't try to be productive just for the sake of being productive. People want to improve their lives and productivity is a natural focus of optimization to bring about a quality-of-life improvement.

Your pushback is similar to previous commenters that rejected the idea of "productivity" and I replied in previous comments

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19592404

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22255557

To recap one of my comments, even the prehistoric hunter "having enough to eat" is not fine because the hunter still wants to improve the productivity of hunting. Over the last 10000 years, people have continuously improved the productivity of hunting (and farming) so much that today's people like you and I have enough free time to type HN comments -- instead of spending all day chasing after animals to eat.

People naturally want to improve their lives. Some people also want to share ideas on how to improve their lives. It seems the word "productivity" has tainted that discussion.
However, it doesn't change the fact that people still want to reduce the ratio of effort-to-benefit.
Did you know that the first-ever photograph was taken in 1826?

It was a picture of a tree, and it took eight hours to expose.
Built with the lovely SCI library (https://github.com/babashka/sci) + GraalVM, probably the most useful GraalVM project I've seen in the wild so far.

Also, Babashka will probably always support more features than ClojureRS ever could, particularly the interop with the various Java classes/functions, as that'd be very hard to achieve in ClojureRS.
Uncurled
Indeed the invasion of Ukraine is terrible all-round but the UN is already doing what they can to stop it. The UN is not some independent organization, it's member-based - but often it still cops direct criticism when the blame lies with the members.. For example, the UN Security Council can't do much about this war because Russia has veto powers - which is due to the very unfortunate fact that Russia has nuclear weapons and a key aim of the UN is to prevent nuclear war, which it does by trying to create discussion/consensus amongst nuclear powers. Even if Russia's veto was taken away, what could actually be done by the UN further to what is being done now?
Open, idle websockets can be a use case for a large amount of tcp connections with a small data footprint.
While impressive, I don't really see it as something practical - I think scaling across processes/VMs is a much more realistic approach.
Prolog is a programming language that was developed in the 1970s. It is a logic-based programming language, which is pretty different from your typical programming language. Instead of writing functions and then having the computer execute them, Prolog lets you write rules and it will try to deduce the answers to your questions.

It's a pretty wild concept, and there are tons of cool examples of what Prolog can do. Some examples are:

- A solver for Suduko puzzles: https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Sudoku#Prolog

- A simple game where you guess a person's age: https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Guess_the_number#Prolog

- A family tree program: https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Family_tree#Prolog
An Indian heat wave is the premise of the story.

I stopped reading it after a couple of chapters.