skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Yes, old technologies (video games consoles before HDMI use, VHS) were made to be displayed on CRT and the quality is far worse when seen on recent TV. I recommend the twitter of CRT Pixels if you want examples.
Except there’s no such thing as bits on the hardware level. There’s voltages. High and low. That’s usually 5V and 0V, respectively.
The only problem I see is how in the USA, no one is stopping young adults from taking ruinous loans for worthless degrees.

Why do people keep doing this to themselves and why don‘t peers, parents and teachers advise them better.

Many of them then start screaming for the government (=tax payers) to bail them out, which is absurd to me.
Glad you enjoy my locks :) Making locks is very interesting, but it reminds me of why they say you shouldn't write your own encryption. Even if the theory is sound, it just takes one little mistake for someone to bypass all your grand designs...
Turns out DFAs and Turing machines don't have caches. Wow, what incredibly useful models to spend several semesters examining /s
>> The truth is, college isn’t for everyone. It’s a virtual requirement for fields like STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics), medicine, academia, and law.

I would say it's true for academia and some other fields that a college degree is required. It has not been true in my experience with technology. Experience and demonstrable skills trump education. Certification also helps. This does vary from company to company, so I am sure there are some people on here that disagree with me based on their own experience.
I know in parts of the US there are community colleges starting to offer Bachelor's Degrees. I wonder how much that will add to the cost of those schools. Hopefully it will lower the barrier of entry for thousands of students.

Also I am curious what HN's thoughts are on general education requirements in the US. It was something put in place in the 60's[1] in an attempt to prevent specialization[2] in education. I am wondering if it's time to reduce that requirement and go with more focused degrees similar to the UK.

Also Gen Ed courses seem like a real money makers for US Universities since there is not scaled tuition. A human lit class costs the same as a STEM course that could require very expressive lab equipment. I am not trying to down play the importance of human literature in this scenario. It just seems odd that it would cost the same as a organic chemistry class that requires a multi million dollar lab, a wide assortment of chemicals, and a staff equipped to maintain it throughout the day.

[1]. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1090127
[2]. https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/encyclopedias-almanac...
Suppose you write a shell script which is intended for use among colleagues as part of a pipeline.

In many cases, the most appropriate and useful tool for the job would be jq - one line in the shell script corresponding to the required data transform, calling out to `jq`, which already has a reasonable user base and documentation, and could be trivially replaced by anyone if the business needs change.
What a terrible service
College is ridiculously expensive because of government backed student loans, and that's a problem needing fixed. However, beyond that, it is the expectations students have (created from a variety of sources) that really are the crux of the problem. The expectation is that if I study X in college I get to do X professionally after that. Which is utterly untrue. It is the fantasy the colleges sell you on, and it is important to help high school students understand this.

Go study film in college if you want to know about film. Same with many, many other fields. It will transform your understanding of yourself and the world, and that is amazing. But just don't do it with the belief that you can study some obscure corner of history and then go make a living with that knowledge. If you want to get a job and support your life financially, then go into college with a different mindset. Be mercenary, figure out what you are good at that you can stand doing, and then compare that to the needs in the world, then develop the knowledge and skills in college that help you do that. And don't forget, it might be that college doesn't have what you need! Or only specific colleges.

Notice I don't say "follow your passion" - I think that's generally cruddy advice. Most people will be far happier finding what they are good at that society values. Passion for it will come later. Being good at something feels really good, when that something is rewarded by our culture.

If you are truly a "follow your passion" kind of person - you'll figure that out, because those kind of people can't not follow their passion. Their passion drives them, but they are exceedingly rare. Don't worry about it if you aren't that kind of person - many that I know that are like that often feel trapped by their passion. Especially if it is a passion that doesn't align with society's values.

College is a tool, find out if it is a tool that matches your life, and find that out by talking to people that have been through it, not by consuming media and university propaganda!

To be clear: I think going to college is awesome, and if you can afford it, study something you love, but with the understanding that you are doing it to make yourself a better human, not because of a financial benefit. I'd much rather work with someone that went to film school, and then learned coding online and is now a software developer and finds enjoyment in software where possible, and then uses the money to enjoy film in their own personal, idiosyncratic way. Then someone that went to school for CS, but really has no interest in the field, and is just another dull, unhappy drone.
This is closer to musician instrument preferences. The audio component of switch mechanics isn't as important to me as the tactile experience. Tiny changes in the springs can be felt, your keys will feel too weak or stiff. The mechanics of the switch will feel broken, wobbly, or tight.

Check out high end electric pianos at your local music shop, and compare to $100 Wal-Mart kid keyboards. The resistance and smoothness and feedback from the keys integrate with muscle memory better (and in the case of pianos, graduated activation helps determine the volume of a note and sustain.)

I don't know if typing with good switches helps with rsi, but it certainly helps with comfort and satisfaction.

A good clarinet or trumpet or saxophone will have similar features to the feel of different types of mechanical keyboard switches. Sure, you can play decent music on cheap mass produced elementary school instruments, but it's going to objectively feel better playing a high end bespoke instrument. No jarring or disruptive aspects in the motion to interfere with the process of putting characters on the screen.
> if the pacifists got their way we likely wouldn't have had any of the above

This is a huge logical fallacy.

The US keeps playing a trick where socially useful R&D is budgeted under "military expenditure" because it's easier to justify and to privatize the benefits.

Do you think in a more peaceful world people would be forced to dump research money into the ocean?

If anything, the less money are spent for military projects the more can be spent on research.
>> When I was 18, I thought I wanted to be a filmmaker. I developed a passion for it in high school, and went on to study film at university.

I stopped right there.
Give a man a fish, he'll eat for a day.

Give a man an industrial-grade hydroponic fish farm, he will eat in perpetuity until the machine fails and someone has to pay an engineer to go fix the fish machine on a Saturday morning.
"Who said anything about physical collateral?"

Anybody who is actually making a loan, rather than playing rhetorical games.

Banks are discount houses. They allow us to spend real things.

Except for the bank serving government, which discounts the power to tax.
Is that about memoization, software fixed-size caches, physical caches on CPU dies, or caches that you can put in front of HTTP servers?
tons of trade schools and trade jobs exist. the problem is the jobs are not that enticing.
> "A degree in film is absolutely worthless for obtaining work in the film industry. What matters are connections, professional experience, and the ability to raise large sums of money. Those aren’t things film school can teach you."

> Perhaps the film school should add some courses on networking, fund raising and an internship at film shoots?

If you go to film school not knowing the quoted hot take above, you've watched or read zero about the industry, history, etc. of film making.
Jq being secretly a sort-of functional programming language is part of what makes it great.

Why would you change that?
Chiming in as a recent American college grad...

One of the most disappointing aspects of American College life is how incurious everybody seemed to be. I had grown up with Reddit & Twitter and easily, many times over, had more interesting conversations, read more nuanced takes, and learned more about the world than I did in any of my college classes.

Granted, I was a STEM major with very few humanities classes. But going to parties and clubs, nobody seemed to be curious about anything in the world. It seemed more a goal to "be a writer" than to "write," for instance.

Most of the world is like this, for sure. But I spent some $30k a year to attend. What was that money for? What did I get out of it?

I will say that in the STEM degrees people were far more curious than in the humanities. Kind of odd given the never-ending cries of "we need engineers to learn more ethics!" from journalists who themselves never bother to learn to code.
This was fascinating! It started with some simple simulations, but led into some very enlightening generalizations about why culture spreads more rapidly in cities than in the countryside, and why new language spreads more rapidly among adolescents.
What year did you graduate?
Its not easy as that. You need to wait for good timing.

Once things depend on you totally, you do it your way and use that opportunity to further pitch your story. Because before that its just a theory, and after that its battle afterhour.

Its also true that this can not succeed always, but most of the time, given enough time, I will get what I want, the way I want it.
My theory - similar with guns, the more we have the higher chances of it being used (guns and military).

We need to have less of both, not more. But I know it won't happen. Not for a long time.
It tows the line between tinkering satisfaction and musical satisfaction. It's easy to get wrapped up in the tinkering aspect (which can be really fun) and not create anything musical in the process. This is fine unless you have goals that come with the your hobby pointed towards releasing something--in which case, the tinkering part can become a time suck pulling you away from your objective.
Have you considered https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format ? You can use it on things that aren’t optical media.
Thank you, lineage devs, you are the best.
This helps, but does not actually result in a flat acceleration curve.
The 'English revolution' is complicated. The military one (the English Civil War) was largely undone by the restoration of Charles II. The Glorious Revolution of 1688 (which replaced one monarch with another, less absolutist one) was peaceful (though with the threat of force if necessary). And the actual democratic aspects of the British constitution were achieved largely through constitutional means and certainly not by force of arms (the Great Reform Act etc.)

The American revolution worked out pretty well. I can imagine a much less violent (and consequently more successful) French one.
Seems like OpenJDK _may_ be interested [1]?

[1]: https://twitter.com/rkennke/status/1518552419000627202
How do you manage the battery? I would be afraid of a fire after x years being on all the time.

Note that I have no specific knowledge on the subject ; it's quite possibly a fear without any reasonable ground.

But I had a cheap speaker that I used with a Chromecast audio to listening to podcasts ; I left it always on and... I came back just in time one night, the speaker was producing a large dark smoke.

I almost put fire to one of the oldest habitation building in Paris (1704) - with a lot of apparent wood etc. :-(

Not proud of it, but good lesson. I recently read about the risk of fire in cheap replacement phone chargers. Google's ought to be of quality but... still a no-no for me.

Obviously, advice from people with knowledge on the issue will be appreciated.
The reason is the very legitimate fear of a rogue nation with an unstable or autocratic government trying to use nuclear weapons as an element of international blackmail or to deter retaliation for its own military adventurism. Which is more or less exactly what we see happening with Russia right now, so the fear wasn't unfounded. I mean, if we could have gotten Russia to give up their bombs too, we would have preferred that.

As it happened, Ukraine turned out to be less of a risk than Russia. Which is unfortunate. But the logical calculus is pretty clear.
Thanks for the answers to some of my questions. I think the conclusion is that the article is above my comprehension, which is absolutely fine given who I imagine Quanta's readership is.
> My own solution was to keep no entity state in memory and translate everything into DB updates immediately. Use DB transactions where needed. You'll need another layer of code to abstract those higher-level DB operations so your domain code isn't littered with DB accesses, but apart from the extra lines-of-code the whole thing becomes very clean IMHO. Problem is, you won't find this solution described anywhere, and you are completely on your own.

This is what I've settled on lately as well. I'm glad I'm not the only one. But, it's definitely not without its headaches. There are still domain entities/concepts, but they aren't always nicely centralized like in the typical examples of OOP DDD that choose to totally ignore/abstract persistence (and thus lead to bad performance, concurrency, etc).

Let me give an example of one of my struggles in a current project. We have a SQL database with pretty normalized tables. Some of the data in our system can't be actually deleted for legal/bureaucratic reasons, but nevertheless, end users will still sometimes want to "delete" some widget from their view of the system. As far as the end user knows, the thing no longer exists. So we use a soft-delete boolean column on these tables.

The struggle is that because our data is so normalized, we have to remember to account for soft-deleted rows of these tables all over the place. It's very easy to forget to filter your JOINs on rows that are "active" for one of these soft-deletable tables.

I've tried my best to write some helpers to make it easier to build some of these queries without falling into a rabbit hole of writing my own DSL on top of SQL..., but it would be so much simpler and less bug-prone to do it the inefficient ORM-style way where we just define an object that is the equivalent of `SELECT *` from a bunch of tables, and have framework "magic" create giant graphs of all of these objects every time we need to do a query+update.
As someone who has both designed and run clinical trials as my job, this assertion is likely* nonsense. First, the division you submit to will reject your recruitment criteria if they feel it does not accurately reflect the treatment population within the United States. They also reflect the specialty of the particular division (e.g. Oncology is allegedly far less worried about most side effects than, say, the Dermatology division, due to the kinds of indications they deal with).

Second of all this kind of info is on the label (prescribing information) even if it doesn’t make it into the short summary (package insert, typically only a dozen pages or so) given to patients. Doctors do read those, you know, and within their specialities know what kinds of things to look for.

There have been some notorious cases, but by and large I’ve found the people I worked with at the agency to be professional and solid. I’m no longer in that business and have no reason to say anything I don’t believe.

* I didn’t bother to look up the label for this drug but they are all public info on the FDA web site and In the USP.
Axel: A Universal DeFi API/SDK
The original document, shown in the post, is fascinating. The TL;DR is that FB keeps 15,000 datapoints for each user but they are not labeled with privacy information. Any consumer of the data (an ad broker, advertiser, etc) can take a dip in the pool and extract what they like, since none of it is labeled with privacy protections.

The document admits that FB will eventually need to move to a "consent model" (making clear that the current data collection happens without consent). The document places the blame on FB's own "family of apps" which record and ingest this data from user behavior without any privacy labeling.
I’m sure most normal people would be equally “amazed” that they can’t get Microsoft Office or Adobe’s software for Linux…
But one of the special-sauce weapons of the West/US is all these people attempting to make a go of it at creative arts which benefits our economy in the long run compared to super-rigid societies that don't encourage experimentation.

Throw enough darts at the board, and a bunch will turn out winners for the benefit of all. A bunch will turn out losers though (anecdote provided by OP).

It's probably a losing wager for individuals, but it benefits the economy as a whole.

For every 100 kids (insert your own preferred ratio) for whom film was just a phase, we generate a rockstar who changes the world for all of us.

The amazing thing is that there are always more individuals that have the audacity to keep trying.
I used to think college was a complete waste in my 20's but rounding 30 I found the experience shaped who I am and contributed to my success – namely the social element and professors who cared.

That said, financially it was too expensive. I hope certificate courses on campus gain more traction as a cheaper alternative to a Bachelor's and people can still form networks in person vs Zoom in the future.

I also hope campuses stop forcing people to live on campus in their overpriced, shitty apartments...
I think random is often used as a keyword that means "use ideas from probability." Those ideas are tricky and (I think) not well captured by any one word.

Example of a tricky situation: Say we play cards. You shuffle the cards well, and you don't show them to me. I might say the order of the deck is random, to indicate that I have no idea which card is in what position. But you might be looking at the faces of the cards. In that case you might say the same cards are ordered in a way that's not random.

Could we describe the same situation using the word arbitrary but not the word random? I'm not sure. Seems likely.

I know how to make up models and test the models by experiment. I don't know whether randomness is real or not. I don't think it's deeply meaningful what words we use, as long as it's clear what the math is and how we're applying it.
I've been using mechanical keyboards since 1992. I can definitely tell the difference between major switch types, and I can also tell the differences between switches I'm familiar with. For the most part though, you're probably right that if you just sat down at an unknown keyboard and started typing you'd probably only be able to identify it's major type and whether or not you like the feel of it.

Feel is subjective, but it does matter, and it's something worth exploring for people who spend 8+ hours every day using a keyboard. It can also have important impacts on ergonomics.
You can filter for that on https://lineageosdevices.com/
> China switching sides and joining the US is what led to the fall of the soviet union.

China switching sides is one of the many factors. An important one, but not as important as US/NATO matching and outspending (adjusted per-capita) the USSR in military buildup and proxy wars.

> Not a single bullet or tank or missile contributed to you being "free". But bullets, tanks, missiles, etc kept you under soviet rule.

Sorry, what? You're responding to someone who was born behind the Iron Curtain, and you're saying that Western "bullets, tanks, missiles, etc" kept him/her under soviet rule? As in, if the west had been militarily weak, the CPSU would have stopped occupying?

> Because north korea is constantly under threat of an attack from the greatest bully in the world ( who constantly increased military spending ), they have to set aside a significant portion of their budget to defense which leads an unhappy population which leads to suppression of the population.

Not because of the dictatorship then.
The article I linked implies that Aurora offers higher write performance:

> If your database workload reaches the Amazon RDS max limit of 80,000 IOPS, and it requires additional IOPS, Aurora PostgreSQL is the preferred database solution. If database workload requires less than 80,000 IOPS, you can choose either Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL or Aurora PostgreSQL based on supported features.
Blood is the only unilateral way to achieve peace. Your own viewpoint on the best way to move forward is irrelevant if your opponent doesn't want to play ball on your terms.
They are a pain. The NEC is a huge mess. To those doing residential wiring, pull those wires at least 6" from the receptacles. Fasten within 6". Record abusive Building Inspectors.
In 2008, I graduated at the same time as this guy, and I had two film grad friends who felt EXACTLY the same way.

One started as a wire guy in television and worked his way up to a producer now, the other one I got a job in corporate banking and he moonlit in a wedding video company. He has his own wedding video company now.

I wasted my college experience as an awkward introvert. I didn't take college to be a time to make connections with my professors, I didn't take the time to see it as a time of ecosystem of closeness you'd never have again.

I was way to shell-shocked inwards. The becoming an adult wasn't something I was ready for yet. I look back at all the opportunities I had to really learn interesting things and network and grow and frown because I was still in my high school 'just survive school' mentality. I did as little as I could to get through each class.
Jordan Rose also has the "Swift regrets" series [0] as a retrospective on the language design of Swift. Highly recommend it if you didn't already find it when it was on the front page.

[0] https://belkadan.com/blog/2021/09/Swift-Regrets/
Everything is what you make of it.
I don't have exact rules, but if it's (1) quick, (2) simple to read/write in shell, (3) separate from my app's business logic, then I'll use a shell script.

For example, to take a line off of the end of a file, sed is pretty easy:

sed -i '' -e '$ d' file.txt

After a few pipes, I will reach for Python. Regarding line count, after a `if __name__ == '__main__':` block and some helpful docstrings, it ends up being about thirty lines or so. "\N{man shrugging}"
> Eastern Europe

A huge part of Eastern Europe (but not all ofc) would disagree with you.
> The autonomous decision-making agents at the FDA therefore have no choice but to rubber stamp everything that comes across their desk. Doing anything else would be irrational.

You have clearly never tried to get a drug or device approved nor have you looked at the number of drugs that fail, expensively, in Phase 2 or even Phase 3. Your statement is utter nonsense.