skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
No, it is subjective. We just only have such blunt instruments for practically measuring states, relative to the gargantuan amount of entropy in most real systems, that the subjective nature of entropy is easy to miss. But in a world where the frontiers of thermodynamics have moved from steam engines to lasers, computers, DNA, and black holes, the difference is increasingly obvious and important.

With steam engines, we got away with treating a volume of gas as having not only a few parameters that we knew and cared about, like mass, temperature and pressure, but we could further deceive ourselves into thinking that those were the only parameters that existed to describe the system. The only parameters that were knowable. But Boltzmann knew better.

Look at Boltzmann's formula, S = kB log W.

For any single particular system you describe to me, W will be 1, and so S will be 0. So it's only if you describe an ensemble of systems -- that is, if you describe a system vaguely, such that I am left to imagine the details -- that we have nonzero entropy. If you ask me to calculate the entropy of that "system", that macrostate, that ensemble, then sure, I'll end up with nonzero entropy. But if I ask you to keep transmitting more data about the scenario, then with each further description, you'll be narrowing the state space and thereby decreasing the entropy.

Look, since the entropy of a macrostate is nonzero, but the entropy of any single microstate which is consistent with that macrostate is zero, it's clear that entropy is not an intrinsic property of any real system. It's a property of how many other possible non-existent systems could be swapped out for the one in front of you, without you noticing the change.

If I swap out the air in your room for an equal volume of air at equal temperature and pressure, you probably won't notice.

If I swap out the hard drive in your laptop for an equal volume of hard drive at equal temperature and pressure, you probably will!
The great lakes water is simply channelled to the Atlantic. It would take an engineering project to divert 10-20% to the west. No hard tasks, just the creation of a sloped canal. In desert areas you could cover it with solar cells - also land based ones, to provide the pump energy over hills/mountains etc. Tunnels can be drilled where mounts are high.
This water added to the west would revive it from the death spiral it is now in,
Honestly reddit is pretty bad, much of it feels like an echo chamber/shilling, but when it comes to things not focused on consuming product(e.g. linux) it's pretty helpful and has gotten me out of jams more than I'd care to admit. I think the reason the information is higher quality in those spheres is because there's no incentive to push something. You don't see people pushing a product on you to rip a cd, they just tell you the DD command(results may vary for macos and windows users), wheras in product oriented subreddits I see things being pushed all the time that at second glance are either crap or expensive. Similarly, these SEO sites are simply scraping documentation from oracle, and answers from stack overflow and slapping ads on them to make money. I reckon if reddit users got paid to post we'd see a whole lot more botting.
That video could have been rather improved on, for a marketing video... The display didn't update after the second "page flip," so the user flipped a third time, and then it turned out the page had flipped to page 3 while it was closed and immediately flipped to page 4.

I get that that's how it will probably actually happen, but re-shoot for a little bit of polish...

Also the webpage didn't correctly fit on my Android browser (both Firefox and Chrome).
They're saying there will be food shortages this year. Combined with mass immigration from failed states (so already bringing violence + spreading what little we have even thinner) civil unrest is certain.
Related: When I've looked at finance jobs at Apple, you must be proficient in Excel. To my knowledge, Numbers is not used because it is shite.
Thanks, I'll follow up. (And fix the email link)

FYI: You can do GC in WASM. I'm actively working in Blazor right now, which is C# compiled to WASM. Even though it's GC, it still relies on the Dispose pattern. (IE, if an object has a resource or needs explicit cleanup, it can't rely on the garbage collector to know when to release its resource or otherwise do its cleanup.)

But I'd be careful about being too opinionated about forcing a language onto the consumers of an API. I believe WinForms (the first C# UI API) was a thin wrapper around the Windows UI API, but I never did a Windows UI in Win32 directly to fully validate my assumption.
I remember this project from a while back: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25063726
Very cool idea but the screen used was $2k+, and two years later the price is the same.

Seems like we're still a long way off from reasonably priced large e-ink displays -- very curious to see any progress in this space.
I think it is purposeful in order to counteract ghosting.

But indeed at the end of the day e-ink is suitable for slow changing content (mainly reading blocks of text).
Index fund: VOO, FXAIX, etc.
Oddly enough, I kind of enjoy it.
Is this also true for places like Detroit, small inner towns in the mid ? West... my impression was that once banks got involved lending money the prices took off, I was under the impression that getting a house loan directly contributes to the amount of money in circulation...thereby increasing ? inflation.... another myth?)
I heard was that in China houses are leased for x years (80?) thereby leading to a lot of Chinese buying foreign Real Estate....
if
RE has the reputation of accruing value surely it'd be a good thing to put the brakes on companies from investing in it? I mean seeing endless same housing is kind of mind numbing....

I also have a theory that high RE prices are a perfect vehicule for stashing/laundering large sums of money....

Also to what extent isn't it political cronyism with the construction industry that leads to such shitty urbanistic decisions like we have in Romania where people are pawns to short term greed ...
Considered by whom? I happen to agree, it's a very silly term. However it's still in widespread use, and if it's losing ground at all it's to "Black" and "Black American", which is reverse to the direction you originally indicated.
>The trick is that all of this is true no matter how you partition phase-space. Though that does mean that what is and isn't a high entropy state depends on your perspective.

That seems to be correct.

>Yeah the author is conflating low entropy with a low number of microstates

Since entropy is found by counting micro-states (for example your third paragraph), that should be ok. What am I missing?
The thing that always bothers me about these articles, and I completely accept it may just me reading into it what I want to see, is I immediately assume the dollar figure is annual. $160k/yr sounds like great passive income. You could certainly stop working a 9-5 and build out a really great lifestyle business.

But then I look at the article. Oh, it's over six years? Okay, $26k/yr is a lot less and all of a sudden it's a big risk to try and turn that into a real business. Wait, what's that in the screenshot? 78 books? $341 per book, per year. And my thought goes from "that sounds like a great little business!" to "fuck that" within about fifteen seconds.

And such is the lifecycle of these "how I made $n doing x" articles. Great claims that when you dig into them, the resulting wisdom is basically "do a lot of work, and have a little bit of luck. And don't forget the marketing!"

I don't mean to tear down what the author did by any stretch, it's impressive regardless of the time frame. But if you're already making $150-200k/yr from a tech job, do you really want to bust your ass for another couple grand?
If you’ve not seen this site, it will tell you : https://rpilocator.com/

Spoiler alert, availability is very poor! They are making 500k units a month and can’t keep up with demand.

https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/production-and-supply-chain...

My advice would be to preorder and wait - I guess it’s going to be 2023 before they are generally available again.
> If the rate doubles (to 2x%) you can refinance and you now only owe half ($n/2)

FYI you're describing a bond loan. Most countries, including America, don't really offer these, so most people won't understand what you're talking about.
#define CLEARBIT(a,p) = ((a) &= ~((typeof(a))1 << (p)))
I grew up in West Michigan in the farming country of Michigan, more specifically apple orchard/fruit orchard country. Michigan is the third largest producer of apples after Washington and NY. Also further up near Traverse city they produce a lot of grapes and cherries, and have some very good wineries. I think a big part of why there is not as much farming as the west is simply a matter of space, Michigan is large but nothing like the plains states.
An electronics labs needs very little space but I will say one huge thing that helps is a dedicated desk surface to allow you to "save your state". In my last apartment I found moving around tons of tiny components and half finished projects gets very frustrating and makes the hurdle to doing the hobby too high.
I'm in Taiwan, _and_ currently have COVID (at home quarantining now, feel completely fine). The spike is higher than it's ever been for infections, but hospitalizations and deaths are basically zero. There were two deaths _in the whole country_ today both over 70 years old, vaccinated, with previous complications. Hospital beds are sitting at 30-40% empty. Things are going just fine.

Government called up the businesses I'd been to over the last couple of days and got them to take a test and quarantine at home for a couple of days. I'm at home quarantining for 10 days which I would have done anyway. They even sent me a box of snacks, some garbage bags, and extra tests.

Honestly I can't think of a better, more reasonable policy, and result than what we're doing right now over here.
'Al Qaeda is on our side': How Obama-Biden team empowered terrorists in Syria
Ah, this is such a good textbook! I still have my hardcover 2nd ed. left over from my college days and reference it when I'm trying to figure something out for my hobbies. Thanks for the link to the 3rd ed., I didn't know that existed!
Think of it like a split-flap display. It physically must “rotate” something to the right color. I’m no e-ink expert, but there may always be some level of “shimmer”.
Ask HN: Gender Slider iOS/Google App
A couple of years ago I had an idea for a gender slider. The basic idea is that instead of a dropdown different specific values, you slide along a slider between two values. So in it's most basic form, you'd slide between male and female, somewhere inbetween is where you are.

Initially I thought this would be a one-time entry thing. But then I thought that it be nice to track gender over time. I.e. sliding each day over a month would give you an average of how you felt that month.

Then I realised that if other people were going to do this, then I didn't want to know what their average meant nor their gender nor anything else. So I decided to replace the specific gender values with colours. So you slide between two colors, their meaning is up to you, and at the end of the month you get a "average" colour.

Ironically, it seems, that there is a real need for such a slider. A child of a brother-of-different-mother would love to use it but because it's not an app (i.e. iOS dungeon ..err.. market or Google cave ..err... store) she won't use it (its just a web page - in fact a large SVG). Basically it needs to be a button on the home screen (I know, browser can put bookmarks on screens but try explaining that to a non-tech teenager).

I really don't want to get into building apps for android nor iOS, so if anyone is interested in doing this, then please do.

Monetisation would definitely not come from selling data (even that isn't possible in the current implementation [1]). A couple of things I was thinking about was perhaps being able to change colour would a premium feature. Or perhaps using a circle, i.e. 2 dimensional sliding could also be premium.

But of course, the premium feature that would be the cash cow would be an edit button ... if you forget to slide on a particular day, then you pay to change history.

Anyway a semi tongue-in-cheek write up[1] and the webapp[2] are both available. Thanks for reading this far!

[1]=https://gregorius.rippenstein.art/works/slider
[2]=https://gender.sldr.in
It’s not rare for large volume companies like this to fail on edge cases. I’m sure they have an algorithm to calculate rates and risk and there was little anyone could do to change the output. I imagine it wasn’t designed with the self employed as a high priority. I’m not convinced any of that means they are destined to fail.
I do. I have a Pi I run as a server where it runs PiHole, PiVPN (Wireguard), and a personal Node environment. My main use case is to have a system I can SSH into and develop personal projects. This works well because I have a few machines that I can’t develop locally. A work machine that I cannot mix personal work with. An iPad that has no local shell (I use https://blink.sh for this). It works fantastically!

I’ve made a home “Are you in a meeting” website that everyone on my WiFi can point their browsers to. I have https://tiddlywiki.com instances running there. It manages my VPN when I’m out of the house. And I block a huge portion of ads when I use it as a DNS server.
> not improved privacy

gl
Also speaking from a European perspective. Virtually all of those problems you mention do exist to some extent, but have existed in many worse forms before. Life in Europe is today objectively, by almost all objective measures, better than at any time in its very long history and it continues to improve in most ways (even with events like the Ukraine invasion). In case you do have children, barring a truly black swan type catastrophe, the overwhelming likelihood is that their contexts when they're adults, in Europe or otherwise, will be still better than those of us today.

It's not to say that catastrophes don't happen (both of the World Wars were very real and serious tragedies, as were our last two pandemics), but they're nowhere near as likely as people claim in advance and many other things can continue to improve even when they do unfold. Life can go on and keep improving and it's not necessary, for the sake of a reasoned, mature life, to fixate on the very old human urge to predict apocalypse at any turn.
>In the pre-Internet era, when you were curious about tech X, you'd walk to a store, skim through a bunch of books, pick the one you liked the most, and take it home

Nothing prevents you from still walking to a store, skimming the titles, and picking one (more-or-less at random, it sounds, from your description)

Or going to your local library

Or checking what book(s) are required/suggested reading for a course on the topic at a local college/university

It can be just as hard to pick a "good book"[0] as a "good web page"[1] .. but I find it easier to determine relative quality of a book faster than a website - and a good book will have multiple citations (other books, papers, websites, etc)

A less-expensive option than the book route (unless you're visiting your local library, of course), is to browse through the magazine racks at a good newsstand or bookstore

And don't forget the power of borrowing books on your Kindle[2] or similar :)

---------------

[0] https://antipaucity.com/2012/12/10/finding-your-niche/#.YmqQ...

[1] https://antipaucity.com/2006/10/23/authority-issues-online/#...

[2] https://theexceptioncatcher.com/blog/2012/11/varying-your-re...
Oh my god, this explanation is gold. Thank you. I'm going to save it and refer to it in the future.
it’s funny to think that there is anything valuable about twitter’s code. twitter’s value is in its userbase, its code is useless on its own, not to mention that it’s a fairly simple piece of software in its essence. sure, there are probably interesting solutions in there for the problem of twitter’s scale, but no users, no scale, and it’s not 2009 anymore, we know how to solve “web scale” problems, especially when building from scratch
I'm not sure what you're arguing.

I was only explaining how busybox does not do what the previous commenter thought.

The authors entire point about sort was to show just how little it's speed matters, because the job is rarely 90% within sort, or any other util like that (I don't count awk because awk is a fully functional language like sh, you could do the entire job in awk). How fast sort sorts 100 lines of text doesn't matter next to the cost of forking to execute sort, especially if it will happen repeatedly to do small jobs, treating it like a function.

The reason it's bad is that there are so many and so small such things, and it adds up, and the shell is specifically designed to hide the cost of forking a process by making keywords and executables indistiguishable. And so you end up with a zillion forks just to get the current time or to strip a few bytes off of a few bytes long string, or even to do nothing but simply store a value in a variable (date, basename/dirname, foo=`generatefoo`)

Sure, that doesn't mean don't use sh, nor does it mean do the contortions necessary to write in sh but avoid that problem, all that means is don't write non-trivial apps in sh. ... well unless you need the ubiquity more than the performance or readability. So it doesn't even necessarily mean that automatically.

temp files - It would make no sense in most cases to go through pains to avoid forks only to use temp files instead. Creating and destroying a file, even in tmpfs(ram), is as bad or maybe even worse than a process.

{} - I didn't forget {}, it had no special bearing on an explaination of what the author was talking about that makes shell scripts slow, and why busybox does not change that. It's just a branching structure like any other.
I've been trying to reconcile these perspectives, and I think it really is both. And they are both physically relevant.

Consider the subjective entropy perspective. If you know the exact microstate of a system, then you can in theory play the part of Maxwell's demon. You could have a little gate that you open only for fast particles, and using your knowledge of the microstate, you can predict exactly when they will arrive.

But consider the objective perspective. If you take this very same system and put it in thermal contact with another system, then an objective entropy perspective is the relevant one. Those systems will equilibrize and your subjective knowledge is irrelevant to that process.

I haven't fully wrapped my head around it yet, but I do think that acknowledging both is a step in the right direction at least.
I have a 32" 4K monitor in an upstairs room where I work from home with my work laptop. It's away from my main compute infrastructure but I did want a personal device, and a Raspi can drive 4K. So I bought a 4GB Raspi4 and overclocked it to 2GHz.

As long as you can live with slightly sluggish mouse click response, it's OK. Make that very sluggish on heavy Javascript web stuff like Gmail or Facebook. But it all works.

Video playback is an issue. First I ran the default 32-bit Raspi OS, and 1080 was marginal (forget 4K - it does drive the resolution but it's not fast enough to really do video - fullscreen Youtube for example at that resolution). So I applied various copypasta from the internet to fully enable hardware accelerated video - the framerate of glxgears confirmed that GL was faster than before. Video was now performant but with horizontal tearing issues that weren't there previously.

After the official 64 bit Raspi OS came out, I started over with that. Performance is not noticeably different. Not all the copypasta from before worked; no tearing issues now, but again if you want to play local media with VLC or mplayer, better stick to 1080 and if you want to comfortably watch fullscreen Youtube, go to 720. I have some quick command line aliases to switch the display resolution for this.

The device doesn't do suspend/resume, but on the other hand, desktop idle uses about as much power as a night light, so it's simply left on all the time. It's in the open (screwed to the bottom of a desktop) with a pair of small heat sinks stuck to the main integrated circuits. Thermal is OK; about the only way to drive it to thermal throttling is the "stress" command; otherwise heat is not a limiting factor.

One thing that was mostly impossible last time I tried it with Raspi OS (32-bit mode) was video calling with the common web-based tools. Skype, for example, didn't offer it, no matter what the system configuration. This may be a deal breaker for "main computer".

Others have said that the Wifi on Raspis is solid, but in my own experience they always end up plugged into a hardwired ethernet connection.
The idea is that the strontium-90, carbon-14, etc can be filtered out, leaving just the tritiated water to be discharged.
I've used a Pi4/4mb as my main desktop for a few days while waiting for parts for the "big" system; it kept up with HN and discord, let me access my text files, and that was about all I expected from it. I had to use a different device to access web stores and track the replacement parts.

Far, far better than nothing, but limited enough that there's things you just can't do.

(I've also got 3 on TVs, one as the house fileserver, and a couple that get thrown down whenever im doing a project that can use them. those aren't "main")
We share this objective! I am sharing my thoughts on that here: https://practal.com
You could probably make a more conventional aircraft with a high lift wing concept that could spend most of its time gliding above the clouds. And a small electric motor to provide thrust when needed. But it would mostly ride currents and glide. Given how thick the atmosphere is on Venus, you could probably get very high lift figures.
The seach result speedtest is unrelated and was being developed at the same time IIRC. It has a similar philosophy to the Ookla speedtest: just to test if your connection is sufficient and not test the max capacity.
> Or when was the last time a religion forced your hand?

There was this sort of pivotal day in September circa 20 years ago..

Also tax cuts and handouts to religions and cults cause a huge misallocation of the tax burden because it means that other parts of society have to fit the bill for them as they free ride. To the tune of trillions of dollars.

Also this is a startup board. Do we want to really talk about the cults of the Valley ranging from WeWork to crypto to other phenomenons which attract people talking crazy?

Scientology anyone? That's just one and evades taxes for hundreds of billions.

WEF, Economic Club of NY, Fed's Jackson Hole...all these events are like the celebration of moderation, equilibrium and balance, some would say boring.

It's the very last place a would-be global dictator would emerge from. They emerge from layer zero. At the population level, eg. from unions, new political parties, climbinng the ranks within secret services, or a non-member of the political establishment taking over from outside.
Reminds me of this Veritasium episode.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1_OpWiyijU
Your old phone doesn't get nearly the battery life of a new one. The iPhone 13 Pro Max will stream video for 25 hours on battery.

https://www.apple.com/iphone-13-pro/specs/

Also the new iphones are waterproof, your old phone was not.
The universal part is human greed, and I’m just not sure if we’re going to survive long enough to get over that.
Do they also fight the Atlantic Alliance - a network of global seas whose task is to suck the land dry?
In jest. A large part of runoff leads to the Arctic oceans = warm water = melts ice. Southern diversion would help the southwest.
Since it is political, it will be delayed ad infinitum until there is only dry dust to pump.