skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
>The only bad aspect of biomass fuel

Let's not forget the simple logistical difficulty of using biomass. It is not as energy dense, which makes moving its own weight around more expensive too.

"The net energy ratio between energy output and input was 10.41.. Energy used for hauling hog fuel represented the largest part (36.27%) of the total energy input. The net energy ratio decreased 0.11 with each additional transportation mile

the net energy ratios reported here were on the high end of this range as energy
input for possible active drying, storage, and final delivery was not included.
" [0]

"The energy content was taken at 137,000 BTUs per gallon for diesel, and
125,000 BTUs per gallon for gasoline (Adams 1983)...

output: the mean HHV ranged from 8,946 to 9,105 BTUs/pound
" [0]

A gallon weighs about 6 pounds, so it seems like pound-for-pound (pine-tree) biomass is less than half as productive as gasoline.*

Honestly, I was expecting worse. But over doubling energy costs isn't negligible, especially for poorer countries.

*this is at a glance work, not an actual deep dive

[0] Net energy output from harvesting small-diameter trees using a mechanized system
Fei Pan
Han-Sup Han
Leonard R. Johnson

FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL VOL. 58, NO. 1/2
William J. Elliot
I have some ideas for RTS games that are somewhat different from the usual norm. I've been thinking about doing something with Spring RTS and old Total Annihilation assets. Wondering if this engine might be more amenable to conceptual experimentation?
All fungi are edible! Tho some you can eat only once.
> You can still have pauses of arbitrary duration with ref counting. When the last reference to an object that is the sole owner of a large graph of other objects gets decremented, the entire object graph must be immediately deallocated. It's possible for a single dereference to trigger an unbounded amount of deallocation.

When people say "with reference counting there are no pauses", they are not talking about the bookkeeping cost of releasing the allocations when their last reference is dropped; they are talking about unrelated code (which might for instance be running a tight numerical loop with no allocation or deallocation at all) being arbitrarily stopped.

Also, it's misleading to call the amount of deallocation "unbounded". The amount of deallocation is precisely the size of the graph of objects being released at that point; no more, no less.
> I guess you can say they're compressed on the wire, but they're not compressed in my RAM or cache.

You don't really need to have very much of a book decompressed at once, and in your average program handling that book there's going to be much more RAM dedicated to layout and display than the actual character bytes.

> Well alright, you can jam bytes pretty much into anything. And you get luckier with UTF-8 than you do with probably any other encoding. But lucky isn't robust, is all I'm saying.

It won't work in all systems but it'll work in most of them. And you can check beforehand.
I took offense to your comment. I found the title a complete clickbait. I couldn’t find any humor in it that would make me think otherwise. The content of the text is completely unrelated to any part of the title. And I don’t think I am pedantic.
The fundamental difference between (proof-of-work) blockchains and the examples that you mentioned is that (pow) blockchains not only must consume ever increasing amounts of electricity by their very design, but they also incentivise doing so as much as possible, the only limit being whether you can afford it.

Let's take Bitcoin for instance. I'm pretty sure that the electricity required to perform one single BTC transaction has grown by multiple orders of magnitude since Bitcoin first appeared, regardless of the possible efficiency improvements in GPUs or ASICs, and will continue to grow—hence, profitability will always scale linearly with the willingness and capability to waste.

On the other hand, dryers, Christmas lights, appliances, cars and laptops etc. have, if anything, all become more energy-efficient in the past decade, being able to perform the same funcion or better while using less power. On top of that, there's only so much washing you want to dry, or so many places you want to drive to—you don't want to indefinitely scale up the size of your dryer, or the number of cars you drive. And if you were to find a reason to scale up either of them, it would be because there is a business opportunity in providing a material service to customers, either laundry or transport. In that case, your profitability would be limited by how many people want their clothes dried or to be driven somewhere, and not just by how big you can afford the dryer or how many cars you can accumulate.
> kinda a monopoly

"thanks" to patents is 100% a monopoly.

But maybe there is hope https://blog.the-ebook-reader.com/2015/03/02/german-court-fi...
that was my thought as well ("yay marketing") but apparently it's actually structurally different so that it maintains contrast. I ordered one in early march and if it ever actually arrives I'll try to remember to reply on visible difference :D (not kidding, it was due late march, then slipped to Aripl 22-27, and today moved to May 23-?? )
Vantage Launches Issues: Coordinate with Your Team on Cloud Costs
Toxic, yes, but also probably highly useful too otherwise there would be no reason to use them in the first place. For example:

> Chemical category groups like PVC plastics, flame retardants and bisphenols are included in the EU's plan.

So... building houses are going to get a lot more expensive? (I'm assuming this means you now have to use copper piping for new houses instead of PVC since it would be banned).
It sure would suck to have to engage in some kind of discussion with my own children.
Insomnium is my go-to music for late night coding. It instantly puts me in a flow state.
Replacing art is usually a big challenge, but they have good documentation on it:
https://github.com/OpenRA/OpenRA/wiki/Creation-of-a-new-unit...

https://github.com/OpenRA/OpenRA/wiki/Adding-a-voxel-unit-in...

https://github.com/OpenRA/OpenRA/wiki/Creating-a-new-unit
Taxes too. I have a relative who works as an auditor for the California Department of Revenue. Her job is to go into business in other states and determine if they are paying sufficient CA sales tax on their business.
Edward Snowden Was Zcash's John Dobbertin
I can't help but be impressed by the remarkable hoops people will jump through to make everything about US politics.

Here we have a simple story about Twitter's financials, but nope, apparently we gotta debate US political party structure...
That seems like a poorly thought out theory considering the $500 12900K needs 50 watts to beat the 2 year old M1 in single core performance. Whether you're a laptop user or an enterprise server customer you care about efficiency.
Not a BoA user, but how does iOS work? Do they bypass the auth requirements?
Losing GH automation did cost me exactly 20min. changing the alias from push github to push to both was trivial.

I think Heroku did the right thing, but Travis still hasn't responded and changed anything, whilst the exploitation is still going on. If only I got get rid of Travis in my GitHub integrations. Deleting the app and actions and hooks hadn't changed anything. Travis has no access anymore, but PR's still block on the not existing Travis CI.
You shouldn’t log personal data but you may do it without planning to do so. For example you may log some error messages that contain personal data.
We (Livepeer) switched to self-hosted Loki recently for this and couldn't be happier. Completely S3-backed, cheapest option possible, adjusting your retention is as easy as setting an expiration rule on the bucket. Queries are as fast as the hardware you feed it 'cause it's just all your nodes doing a brute-force search.

Query language is a bit of a PITA compared to some of the other options, but you get used to it.
> I would be surprised if "millions" actually handle their keys themselves.

I think Ledger, the french company, sold millions and millions of hardware wallets. And with these you absolutely have to handle the keys yourself (well, the keys are "hidden" behind a "seed", which is list of 12, 18 or usually 24 words chosen randomly, with a checksum in the last work, among a dictionary of 2048 words).

That's millions of people basically having a 256 bits integer on paper (or metal sheet etc.) that never ever made it to anything else but a HSM.

That's quite an achievement I think.

And Ledger ain't the only player in the space.

Now of course there are fuckups. Some people are losing their list of 24 words, for example.

But it's still quite something.
Just tell them they'll learn about it in 8th grade from the goths that hang out next to the Arby's.
> Is HN a professional context?

I think the parent was referring to "financial agent" being a professional context, not HN.
DD pricing is a f^<king mess for larger organisations. I’ve spent more energy figuring out DD bills than I have AWS. And it doesn’t help that DD Account Managers are just as clueless.
How should I take it? I failed to think about any interpretation other than being clickbait (by looking contrarian and exaggerated, withou the text corroborating this take).

What is your interpretation of the title?
Like I said, it's a choice. Everything that has been built has been because people channel their cynicism into an improvement. This particular space is inherently built to incentivize that, and thats what has occurred over the last decade and is only accelerating now that the builders are capitalized well enough to hire more builders.
Ah yes, there’s council tax - but tenants pay that too, so it’s not a difference between the scenarios. Also I wouldn’t want or expect to stop contributing to local services just because I don’t have a mortgage!
As an expert in a particular area, this is exactly what I want.

Even the same total comp and benefits but half the hours would be good. If I could do one week on and one week off or two weeks on and two weeks off that would be awesome.
If your idea involves ballistic physics, then it will be better to use Spring RTS. You can try making a prototype of your idea using the map editors from Warcraft 3 or Starcraft 2, as they let you do a ton of customization.
"Penn and Deutsch looked at the consequences of several scenarios, from global warming remaining at the minimum expectation to high emission scenarios that would result in 32 degrees Fahrenheit of warming during the next three hundred years."

32 degrees Fahrenheit (17.8 degrees Celsius) is far beyond what the latest IPCC report considers likely. The AR6 report gives the likely Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (eventual temperature increase from doubling of CO2) as 2.5-4.0 C. The response to CO2 is roughly logarithmic, so the effect of each doubling is about the same. So 17.8 Celsius corresponds to between 4.5 and 7.1 doublings. Current CO2 levels are less than double pre-industrial levels, and it is very, very unlikely that we will ever get to 4.5 doublings.
Can someone please explain to me how this is a $50B business
And even if you just call them islands, you'll run into ambiguous territory somewhere. Is Manhattan really an island? If so, then is Harlem River really a river? (and there are also islands which become part of the mainland at low tide)

BTW, the state of Rhode Island was originally "the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations" which made sense but was unwieldy. Now the actual island of Rhode Island is called Aquidneck Island.
Socket: New tool takes a proactive approach to prevent OSS supply chain attacks
Can someone ELI5 what this the RPI patent (US9936086B2) even tried to patent? Their claims look like the description of just any digital camera and a connected web service (Google Photos).

[1] https://patents.google.com/patent/US9936086B2/en
https://archive.ph/Ryj14
Ask HN: Any ad network that allows handpicking of ads?
I haven't found any but I'm looking for something like AdInPlay but where I can cherrypick which ads I want on my website. Is this possible?
Now this is an answer I can work with!

I completely agree they represent a language deficiency and that should be rectified within the language, but that's not always practical than or even possible. Sometimes you have to fiddle with the language at the lexeme level [edit: at the token level, messing about with single keywords for example], which most (all?) most templates/generics won't allow you to do. Also the input to a code generator can be heck of a lot more compact and readable than the code it outputs, as that's a win.

Heavily modified example based on my actual code (no animals harmed):

makeClasses = [
("Dog", "chases", "Cat"),
("Fox", "eats", "Chicken"),
...

each line of which produces a small class.

Also completely agree they come with their own costs, but sometimes the cost is lower than the cost of not using code generation.
Any details on those?

I ferment beer, wine, mead, and sometimes veggies but I pgenerally prefer the vinegar pickles. I started beekeeping a few years ago so I could have good honey to make mead with. I planted hops last year and am planting wheat and barley to make truly homemade beer this year.

I hunt mushrooms, grow them on logs, and grow in bags (shiitake, lions mane, king oyster, black poplar, and trying nameko and maitake).
It’s basically suicide to compete against DJI.
They have plenty of videos, here is one without any music: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qpz8Q2spioo

I was positively surprised, despite the music. Some time ago I was very annoyed by all these "drone projects" on kickstarter or concept artist sites about drones following you all day as personal assistants, for example. IMHO, drone noise is just as limiting factor as the battery life and products should have it on their promotion materials, even if it is for a split second.
I can't find any source that says Fed stopped buying MBS.
ARKK, the top performing ETF of 2021, is down 60% over the last year. Tech, in general, has declined substantially, mostly due to interest rates rising.
that's a country size of Sacramento. Even if it was a societal paradise (don't know much about that, life expectancy seems not great at 71), a sample of 700k people doesn't seem to crush the predictive power of GDP per capita.
Cheap LED christmas lights flicker because they don't have a bridge rectifier, so half of the input waveform is zero, at 60Hz. You're not going to see that kind of flicker in anything that requires real DC power (PWM frequencies for brightness control are generally way higher than 60Hz).

Some displays do this as a feature though (known as backlight strobing, motion blur reduction, etc.): LCDs take time to transition, so if you keep the backlight on at all times, you'll potentially see blurring from persistence of vision while the display is mid-transition. Instead, you can turn the backlight off until the screen has transitioned and then turn it back on so that you never show a partially transitioned image.
> Sometimes people lose their phones.

Oh you mean based on the idea that people know their passwords? The password manager is a software too? How do you think people are using blockchains and their keys there? They may be using mnemonic phrases mentally and that also doesn't require using their phone to regenerate their private key (and also doesn't require the user having internet to sign something), seems to cover your criteria but if you can articulate what use cases you are imagining that might help. Mnemonics are supposed to be potentially catchier to memorize, but we/I/users can be realistic and back them up other ways.
Archived: https://archive.ph/5Lhde
Yeah, DJI is much more capable, but their drone pairing process (remote, drone, and app) is very painful & confusing.
The Mini SE requires the use of a controller. It's small and folds up. I didn't look into it enough to see if Snap's offering requires a controller or just uses a cell phone.
> “offers a number of ways to wirelessly share photos online such as through social media.”

How was it possible to patent this in 2018?

https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/01/50/f8/a8e7c12...
‘Unprecendented’ Drought Restrictions Enacted in Southern California
Seems like most folks can barely avoid the monthly payment on a 30Y fixed; wouldn't 10Y being the norm just cause a lot of people to be unable to buy at all?
There is also GNU zile.
they already can, and don't, so that settles that
Doesn't toxicity depend on dose? Have studies been done on maximum allowable dose of these chemicals?
I need to build this for my company for our reporting - not as a standalone product but just to show in our own reports how Paiger has delivered traffic.

If you’re open to selling the source code to save me a job, ping me a note. Happy to include a caveat that it can never be sold as a standalone product by ourselves so it doesn’t compete.
For sure, something like a stock still has a real-life counterparty that you can't get rid of. Trading it on a blockchain eliminates only the counterparty risk from the person you trade with, not with the party issuing the token / asset. This is true for basically everything except the native token.
Pretty much. They stink at doing targeted deletions. It required manual deletion of data in batches the last time we needed it.
There needs to be anti-SLAPP style legislation for patent trolls. I honestly don't understand why there isn't: it seems like an easy PR win for legislators. Who would be against this (except patent trolls)?
I note that you seem to prefer Irish whiskey to Scotch. Would you like to expand on which whiskies you tasted just for some inspiration? Ref. your question, I have not taken on any new hobbies but continued with the ones I was happy with e.g. mountain-biking, kayaking, tree-climbing, chess, puzzles that sort of stuff.
But if it accumulates in the environment ?
Curious where do you look for jobs? I’m in the mortgage industry and might be a good time to start looking.
>It would be nice to see some more effort put into noise. The tradeoff is shorter flight time, so I imagine that's why they're all loud.

This is not necessarily true - the noise is a waste of joules, after all.
I have to respectfully disagree with you there.
A missing thing in this article: How do I know that public key X is associated with entity Y? The answer is not “contact entity Y” because I don’t know who Y really is or how to contact Y. This is the fundamental issue which causes centralization (aka “trusted entities” who certifies a claim).
Whiskers were an early problem, but the biggest issues right now are:

- Lead-free solders don't wet/flow as well as leaded, which causes lower manufacturing yields.

- Lead-free solders are generally more brittle and subject to earlier fatigue failures than leaded solders, so the lead-free units often fail prematurely (compared to leaded ones).
Makes sense. I think it's less about speed of response and more that for many SWEs, we don't necessarily have the authority to reach out and create relationships between our companies and another vendor. I certainly am not going to bother trying to get that process started unless I can do a little legwork before involving other parties at my company.
I agree that leveraged manual moderation is the future, and there is no way around it.

The problem for Facebook is that the requirement for more moderators grows roughly linearly with the userbase, but the attractiveness to abusers grows exponentially.
Okai sorry
What hub are you using?
I think this is temporary. For a few reasons.

So much of the US economic system is tied to commercial real estate. Small business loans to sandwich shops, parking garages, office building and the people and companies that support them, build them, plan them, etc. It’s an industry that is not going to die.

I think the “kids” today will swing the pendulum back to working in the office after having spent significant periods of their adolescence on lockdown. People who think remote is forever will resent the next generation for these reasons. Resentment leads to replacement, the tech stacks aren’t as technical as they used to be. The cloud can make beginners rockstars.

When data can be produced to show quarterly earnings from non remote companies (Msft, Amazon, Apple, Tesla, presumably Twitter and more Morgan Stanley, Charles Schwab, Exxon Mobile) are “better” than remote, the CEO will demand everyone back to the office. I think the ones that will remain remote are more call centers, insurance, billing and customer support. I don’t think that those jobs are very compelling to folks with CS degrees and backgrounds.

It’s crazy to think employees have the power here by going remote. Once you’re locked into living out of state and your company goes back to the office, those remote salaries in the US will rival remote salaries elsewhere in the world, and remote developers will work multiple remote jobs, poorly further depressing earnings or revenue.

We’re just well on one side of the pendulum. The middle is not hybrid, but telework (like one day a week), and the extreme opposite is no jobs due to recession and employees fighting for a space in a cubicle.

As an example, I bought a house in the Bay Area in 2009. The market was so depressed that they gave me an $8000 tax credit and a low interest rate for doing it. When I talk about that now people think I am a crazy person. Things change because we make the stuff up as we go along.
Atticus is that you?
They probably don't consider Scala an imperative language.
The bond promise is not covered in the law that was effectively repealed by SB-4C which is s. 189.072(2), which covers how special districts could be dissolved prior to SB-4C. The bond issue is covered elsewhere, hence the "obscure provision" designation.

[1]: SB-4C text: https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2022C/4C/BillText/er/P...

[2]: 189.072(2) text: http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?mode=View%20St...
I see, interesting! Agreed, on such a system it becomes more of a gamble to pick what might be best long term.

In the USA there is no penalty to pay off a loan and refinance (there might be exceptions but never seen one) so you can do it at any time as frequently as you like and keep ratcheting the rates down.

There's also not such a huge difference. Looking at zillow today, 30-year fixed shows 4.95% and a 7-year adjustable at 4.81%
I use Interactive Brokers for my investments (can also be a checking account since it supports ACH and debit card). They have an app “Ibkr key” feature where you get a push notification to auth.

They also allow different uname/Pword combos with different auth levels. (Enterprise level granularity).

Eg I keep the read-only combo on my phones password manager, a general read/write to investments on my computer, and an “admin” level access (change permissions add banks move money) in offline storage.
Nice. I see, you improved mine.
> C++ does have lifetimes and pinning semantics, they're just implicit and (largely) taken for granted.

C++ does have pinning, but it is much rarer than in Rust because of user-defined move constructors.