skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
"What makes you think it's impossible to design such a language?"

1. An interactive shell bases its error handling on the human being right there to handle the error. A programming languages bases its error handling on a human not being right there to handle it. This is a fundamental difference, and a language must privilege one or the other. Shell languages currently privilege the first, which is a non-trivial element of why they're dangerous to program in.

2. An interactive shell prioritizes keystrokes, because a human is right there in the moment tapping the keyboard trying to do something. A programming language won't necessarily ignore this, but it's definitely down the list of priorities.

3. An interactive shell bases its expectations of what state the user has in their head as being based on the live session state and the user's experience. A programming language bases its expectations of what state the user has based on the parameters to the functions and other language environment stuff. "cd" is really quite dangerous in shell scripts, especially once you start feeding it variables, but generally safe in interactive use because you see where you are (unless your PS1 is too bare, but you should fix that). Yes, obviously, we've all still messed that up at some point but I don't think it's necessarily above the baseline for any other human messup.

4. An interactive shell expects you to base your grounding of what's going to happen when you hit enter on the contents of the line when you hit enter. Again, yes, there are human messups, but that's the model. You don't wrap a whole bunch of defensive programming around every command line you type, you just use your eyes and your own understanding. A programming language does expect defensive programming. Defaults that make sense in one case are incredibly annoying or dangerous in the other. In my shell scripts, I want an empty (or perhaps "undefined") variable to be an error. In my interactive use, I may like a button to expand them all in place so I can see what I'm actually running but don't want it to necessarily be an error. And that's just one example of the sort of differences I'd expect. Another is string handling; there is a reason that almost all programming languages require all strings to be delimited via quotes (and the ones that don't generally consider it a mistake), and almost all shells do not. I wouldn't be surprised this criterion alone could be used as a razor to separate the categories with very high accuracy.

I suspect that were I to take the time to examine the 6 things you cite as things that are putatively both good scripting languages and good shell languages that I could tell you which category I put them in quite easily and why I wouldn't consider using them for the other thing, but that's rather more than I can take on for an HN post.
Reminds me of playing Sim City.
I think that amongst the "high end," counterfeits are probably not that common. Dealers tend to have a reputation to maintain and even the best clones are easily distinguishable once the case-back is opened up and the movement inspected.

There are a few rare Rolex models with "1:1" clones which can have an authentic movement installed. There may be some "high profile" counterfeits of these pieces floating around, but it's hard to say.

I think that in the mid-market, counterfeits are probably more common than we would hope. Modern Rolex and especially Panerai clones are quite good, far from the Canal Street "folex" type watches of old. I bet that a large number of Panerai watches seen worn are fake. Panerai have an especially major problem with this because for years, they used commodity movements from ETA, sometimes lightly decorated (although sometimes not - see the "Brooklyn Bridge" Panerai scandal), rather than proprietary movements like Rolex. So movements were widely cloned, and for an even more accurate copy, one could engrave an authentic ETA movement with the Panerai finish and have an extremely difficult fake.

This hobby is surprisingly open and very interesting - you can find forums like Replica Watch Info or /r/RepTime and learn in great detail the specific, minute differences between each replica factory's attempt at a counterfeit vs. the original.
Glad you enjoy it!
Edit: I'm no longer trusting my memory lol. Apparently security was why LOS didn't integrate it (see https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31171788). I'm still leaving my original reply below.

The SafetyNet part is something I read from somewhere else, though unfortunately I don't remember if that was LOS or some random developer on reddit/XDA. You can treat most of this as (oft-repeated) speculation by users.
> Considering the fact that the vast majority of students aren't going to go onto 4 year STEM degrees, it doesn’t make sense to track all students towards that goal.

It sounds like we agree 100% on that point.

I'm mostly thinking about the students who are going into STEM degrees later in life, who will (hopefully) come from varied backgrounds in high school and middle school. If you decide in high-school that you're interested in STEM, then it makes sense to develop solid foundations in algebra during high-school. Just like it doesn't make sense for all people to take math like a STEM major, it doesn't make sense to fast-track all future STEM majors to take calculus in high-school, and it doesn't make sense to make decisions in middle school that lock students out of high-school calculus.

The thing that confounds this is that people overvalue high-school calculus as the ticket to a STEM degree, when (like the article says) many people would be better served by developing stronger foundations in algebra. And public schools are generally not good at educating students at their own rate & level.
No, none of those things. And I have absolutely no interest in impressing others. I own basically nothing except 256-bit numbers. Never owned a watch.

If you saw me IRL you would think I am a bum. It’s much better that way to hide in plane sight.

I agree that a lot of tech is conspicuous consumption — phones are classic example.
I hadn’t considered the longevity of the devices. This does increase their value.
The lack of resources for public education, coupled with the every increasing level of competency that students are required to internalize over time drives many of the fights in education.

I can understand how an electrical engineering professor like yourself is rightly concerned about your incoming students having less calculus proficiency. On the other hand, there many (possibly far more numerous than EE) education and career paths that would benefit from better general numeracy but not necessary calculus.

The terrible thing here is that these goals should be set against one another due to resource limitations. The blame for that lies with the broader societal inequities and their reflection on the educational funding system.
Did that dyscalculia prevent you from learning and attaining familiarity with the standard algorithms? That's the sensible goal of "drill and kill" in early grades, not doing routine arithmetic with high amounts of significant digits.
That's a totally different argument. I mean, did arithmetic "algebra" prepare you for abstract algebra or even linear algebra in college?
I utterly adore your project. Thank you so much.

Are there plans for SMTP or IMAP proxying?

Do you do SNI proxying too?

I would love for Caddy to be my one stop shop for all TLS termination.
I would also like to see this. I tried my hand at a patch, but not sure if it would work.

https://gitlab.com/onli/sustaphones/-/merge_requests/2
"Reduce your quality of life and distance yourself from your friends and family, it's cheaper."
Cars are in the exact same place. Everything, even "mid-range" or "practical" cars, has gone ballistic valuation-wise, and owners are left trying to figure out whether to drive their cars or mothball them.
> The open web allows for direct online distribution with no middlemen, that's always been the beauty of it.

I'm still surprised considering it's basically WebKit under the hood. What are some of the things that don't work on iOS? Are they part of WebKit and removed for arbitrary reasons or is WebKit worse than I imagine?
In my experience hobbies are typically far more expensive than paying someone else to do it purely due to economies of scale.
What does "calculus" here mean? I'm not American, no idea what's included in that word and what's outside, in this context. Does it mean limits, derivatives, integration (Newton), maybe even some high level talk about ODEs for the "very best" schools? Anything more, anything less?

Also, in case anyone is also wondering, 8th grade means 13-14 years old.
Line of business apps are definitely already this way, it's why I know the apocalypse is coming for the web when this goes through.

My favorite was being told we had to use Chrome on iOS for a site to work... even though obviously it's still just Webkit.
I think Ruby on Rails was the killer app that kept Ruby relevant. This kept Ruby relevant for a while but has fallen off in a lot of developer surveys. I think enough competitors in major programming languages have emerged to the point where I would consider it dying.
Doubt it, considering that Firefox single-handedly defeated the IE monopoly and no one was forced to use it like they're forced to use Safari.
France does.
One thing I notice in NJ is that although there are plenty of private schools and academy's, you still see a lot of people in multi-million dollar homes paying 60k a year in property taxes sending their kids to the public high school. Even the most progressive mother wouldn't do that if the schools weren't at least up to snuff at offering the curriculum that can get their kids into "good" universites.
There's an old saying that goes roughly: When an old engineer tells you something is possible, they are definitely right. When an old engineer tells you something is impossible, they are only probably right.
Is this really true, in practice? For example, given its importance in every day life, I think everyone should understand test sensitivity and specificity, and how these relate to but are quite different from predictive value positive and predictive value negative. All of those topics can be understood with basic algebra. Similarly, I recall my introduction to biostatistics class I took at an Ivy League institution, and I don't really recall using calculus much in any of it.
Each switch does have a different feel based on the spring constant, even within the same category. It's often hard to tell from one keypress, but fatigue becomes a key differentiator when typing all day. I found that out the hard way when a switch felt perfect in the tester kit, but rendered my fingers dead tired after a full day's work.
yuup

> Altogether, this study provides some evidence that contract changes are associated with the educational opportunities of school districts’ diverse and economically disadvantaged students.

Essentially, if you want to prioritize your child's education above all else, get them into the richest school district you can manage.
$100 is fine, I’ve spent more on beer in a night. I can see the charm in a $100 toy you wear on your wrist for fun. Thank you for your perspective.
Lets say you need to find the probability of something happening 10% of the time to 40% of the time, you need to perform definite integration of the curve ( lets say normal curve ) from 0.1 to 0.4 on the x axis multiplied by the normal curve function. This is one of the easiest examples I could remember from my undergrad. We could solve these problems with ease at undergraduate level because we grinded hard during our high school. And also these type of problems were just a subset of the huge variety of problems presented during our undergraduate. But lets say they started teaching calculus only during Undergrad it would have become a tremendous task just to first learn about calculus then start with applying it on other subjects. I am all in for teaching calculus during high school.
Stress erodes our buffer against external shocks. We can't avoid all stresses in life, nor would we want to (some acutre stress is great), but chronic stress can consume any additional slack we have to deal responsibly with adverse events.
That could be because there are less and less of them. I don't think there is enough money in the world to convince me to take on a legacy RoR system.
It doesn't matter. Even if Safari is competitive, Google will force everyone to use Chrome on iOS and it won't matter what Safari can and can't do.
I wonder if you and I and the sibling commenter are talking about
dyslexia without realising it? I don't know much about it. A friend of
mine has a similarly wired brain. Definitely there's a spectrum from
very language orientated minds to those who greatly prefer picture,
sound and face to face spoken communications. I wonder if smartphones
and iconic interaction are making us all more dyslexic?
You familiar with how shitty card companies make that for vendors when you charge back?

Not everyone would want to do that to their weekly butcher shop.
Yeah there's examples of bugs and bad optimisations that are easy to come across of course.
Gen Z, not sure...maybe crypto.

Millennials partly yes, especially the high earners who can afford it and therefore treat them as investments instead of homes, not for living, but for profit (flipping, renting, etc.).

And coincidentally, this demographic shapes the narrative, employed by big tech's ad industry...
I have what I call my 80/80 rule of early-stage startups, which is that for 80% of new startups, 80% of what they need is CRUD operations (create, read, update, delete). So basically, input data in this format, store it in this format, then display it in this format.

I think Rails is one of the most productive and capable frameworks for building and evolving CRUD applications, which is the reason it still remains my recommendation for new startups.
Good point ... however, 7z*8z=56z^2.
I don't doubt that the people crafting these proposals care. I think they truly believe they are doing the right thing. I personally think it's just increasingly popular, mistaken moral beliefs that inform these types of proposals. Some of the underlying beliefs:

1. Blank slate - All humans are of equal ability

2. Any observable differences between humans are merely the result of social factors

3. Any observable differences in outcomes between groups of humans are the result of oppression from the majority group

4. If you observe differences at your org/institution, it's your moral duty to create policies which disfavor groups of humans performing better and to favor groups of humans performing worse, as those performance differences are due to oppression.

If these beliefs undergird your worldview, and your social groups/information environment reinforce and reward these beliefs, it is of no surprise that we'll see a lot of people soberly propose the types of policies we see here. I can empathize that they really do think they are fighting the good fight, and are doing the right thing for society.
I have been working on a Rails app at a rapidly growing organization for the past 6 years and I consider myself very lucky to be able to do so. Shopify, GitHub, and Stripe (to name some of the more prominent companies) all regularly contribute to the Ruby and/or Rails ecosystem, and there have been loads of wonderful improvements to both over the last several years: vastly improved performance in Ruby 3, support for static typing using RBS and Sorbet, Hotwire in Rails 7 for super low-lift client-side interactivity, and many, many more.

It’s a great time to start using Ruby for web projects.
I've read this, and I am currently working through Fink's _The Lacanian Subject: Between Language And Jouissance_.

There are some interesting points in the work (enough to keep me looking at it over the years), but I find this area of thought to be a deep and confusing set of ideas.

At this point, I am not sure there's really a lot of "there" there in general. I've been trying to figure out this line of thought for more than a decade and some change.

But I've never been in a position where I could afford to engage in psychoanalysis, so maybe the Lacanian practitioners I know who tell me I won't really get "it" without actually practicing as an analysand or analyst are right. I suppose they'd know.

However, I've really enjoyed a lot of the cultural marginalia generated by psychoanalysis. Other than Zizek, I think that Alone's writing here was quite interesting:

https://thelastpsychiatrist.com/
Find something interesting. Apply your skills to a side project. Take a break? Change jobs? There's always a new mole hill to examine or mountain to climb. Try teaching someone new programming. I know some of my friends have rediscovered that spark of wonder by seeing it through a newcomer's eyes via teaching a layperson or child.
Curious to hear your thoughts on corepack.

Personally I'm very concerned about the lack of control over its highly opinionated behaviour, the intentional silent/background execution, the whole shimming concept, its opaque and unorthodox distribution, etc.

A supply chain is difficult to secure when your supplier starts things off by silently curl-piping an unverified yarn installation script in your userdir, instead of simply executing the `npm install` command you told it to run (e.g. because `package.json` lists yarn as a compatible package manager but not npm).
Everyone talking about calculus, but they also seem to want to cut logrithms?? That seems super fundamental to me.
constexpr should just try to evaluate stuff at compile time. In D, most sensible code works at compile time automatically, I don't think about it.

Having to mark everything as evaluatable at compile time is a stupid, stupid, decision that only C++ could think was a good idea.
Because it's usually right? See also: cynicism.

Reads article

Oh, this is about a very specific kind of pessimism in which a statement like "new economically-valuable technologies will emerge" is purely the domain of optimism.
> who don't want to fork over a 30% tax to Apple

a) It's 15% for most developers and not a tax by any definition.

b) It only applies to applications which accept money from users.

c) No government has ever said that Apple is not entitled to this.

d) You would have to be crazy to think Apple will allow b) without them being compensated. What is likely to happen is that Apple will have a Payment API that you as a developer will need to call every time you accept a payment. They will then bill you for the 15% each month and ban you for non-payment. And reconciliation is easy because they can simply download your app, trigger a payment and make sure they see a corresponding request for their API.
Bitcoin Pullback Deepens, Support at $37K
That’s true, CVE is just the classification. I should have used “vulnerability” twice.

But that people are finding them and padding resumes doesn’t actually make you less secure, the opposite. At least we can know.
You can't even define arithmetic on natural numbers without some pretty advanced notions of logic and set theory. But you can definitely get a lot of value from arithmetic without those definitions.
> I don't know if your response was intended to deflect on an eta

Lol it was. I don't know - it's research it's open ended.
I don't think Safari's market share will drop as much as Firefox's did. Safari brings some features for mac/iOS users that Chrome struggles to emulate. The Apple's laser focus to make their stuff work on their devices and their devices alone makes Safari have some decent value for people who bought into their ecosystem.

If anything, I think it'll drive Apple to pay more attention to their browser. They can afford to leave their bug reports open because users don't have a choice in browser, but once they can't anymore, they'll have a reason to use some of their excessive wealth to improve their browser.

Also remember that this law only applies to EU sales. Apple will likely still block real browsers in markets outside the EU just like they're setting up different systems for each government that takes action against their walled garden. Big web applications often come from the USA and they'll need to support the American general public.
It's not whether people are more suited for vocational or "standard track." It's our aptitude for judging that in children.
He is using the dictionary definition of science: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/science

Specifically 1. The use of the scientific method, which is concerned with the physical world and its phenomena.

I'm not going to debate your incorrect assumption about his statement. To anyone who practices science it's abundantly clear what he was saying, and it is in no way saying that "intuition" or anything else somehow doesn't exist, only that these are not valid ways to knowledge about the physical world. I agree with that.

Again, these other things can be useful, but they should not be confused with knowledge of the world as learned through science.
> Apple doesn't have more than 25% share in mobile or desktop market

This is incorrect. In the US, Apple has over 60% of the mobile OS marketshare[1], and 60% of the market is therefore forced to use Safari and only Safari.

[1] https://www.pcmag.com/news/ios-more-popular-in-japan-and-us-...
> But mostly it's middle aged middle class professionals - dentists, doctors, lawyers, some software developers - buying equipment as a hobby in itself, because buying is a lot easier and less stressful than creating.

This hits a bit too close to home.

I thought that it was a nice touch in Silicon Valley (the TV show), for their corporate lawyer to have a fancy Gibson Les Paul guitar (with a bunch of autographs on it) in his office that he touched exactly once on camera. All while having no amps or pedals or speakers or anything else to use it with at all.
I took calculus in High School, it was a dual credit course with a state university. I got credit at the university for the first semester of calculus (which was taught over the entire year in High School, so at a slower pace, but also allowed the High School class to spend more time on review in the first month or so, compared to college courses which basically dive right in). We took the same exams as the university course.

I felt I was prepared for 2nd semester calculus when I took that as my first math course in college.
Then I have no idea what my school was doing then because as a senior you either took Calc or Stats.
I hate to defend plotly, because this is awful. But you can also embed interactive plotly plots, rather than depending on their service.
i’d argue that you can’t properly define probability without notions in measure theory, which is obviously far too advanced for a high school student. i’m not an educator, but some middle ground needs to be struck. i think it’s clear to many that the quality of education in american colleges far exceeds the quality of education in the average middle or high school. that’s the issue, imo
"The Little Schemer" (https://www.programmingbooks.dev/#the-little-schemer) is a classic that has stood the test of time.

Otherwise I think "The Golden Ticket: P, NP, and the Search for the Impossible" is a hidden gem about a very interesting CS topic.