skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I've found that it's pretty easy to slowly enable mypy checking. You can mark modules with "type:ignore" to make mypy ignore them. Then, you can move to marking individual statements with "type:ignore". Finally, you can start marking modules with "mypy: disallow-any-generics" at the top. That requires that functions are annotated with types.

In a large code base, our team has found type annotations and mypy to be quite helpful. If you are writing a quick-and-dirty script, forget about wasting time with type annotations. However, for long-lived and important code, it seems to be worth adding the types.

Another thing I noticed, if your type annotations are hard to write, e.g. lots "Union", "Optional" or deeply nested type expressions, it's probably a sign that your code is poorly designed. Think about what types you actually want to consume and return. Define new containers using dataclasses or attrs to keep the types simple, if required.
This is the kind of thing that happens when a language that used to be niche starts gaining more widespread use. People from other languages come along and want the niceties they enjoy to exist in the new language they are learning. The same thing happened to JavaScript; it used to just be a browser language for running scripts, and then it turned into a server side language with a module system and everything else. There were a lot of growing pains involved in that transition.

Now people who use other languages are coming to Python and thinking "Wouldn't it be great if..." and that's how Python the language is going to evolve. But we're going to have to go through this interim phase of awkward adolescence before type annotations mature as a feature.
Yet, any company who open sources an algorithm can simply apply any private alternative algorithms using any alternative/undisclosed data sources to any undisclosed subset of users as they wish.

Hell, whose to say that some people aren't chosen for long term "experiments" with different behavioral/belief modification goals? That's what I would do.
I'd love for twitter to take a more active role in this, but from what I understand, twitter employees are forced to be pretty tight-lipped about these things.

I tried to reference as many of the official sources as possible (in addition to drawing on my past experienced at Amazon + Facebook).
There have been several real issues not just one, but I don't think colocation was one of them.
There are others. 6 months ago a small ISP called 4th Utility (https://the4thutility.co.uk/) wired my building. I think it’s GPON, their max offering is 300 Mbps symmetrical, which is a whole lot better than OpenReach’s lousy “super fast fibre” that painfully did 40 down and 8 up despite promising 72 down.
The easiest way to implement “open source the algorithm” is to delete the AI algorithm, revert the defaults to reverse-chronological feed, then release that.
The fairness doctrine produced a lot less polarization, or at least that's the widespread belief.
Sure, but the idea behind gradual typing is that 'Any' should only be temporary. IMO if you're serious about it, stable code should at least pass strict type checking, if not completely forbid even explicit Any.

>There’s a reason I brought up the JSON example: loading and manipulating JSON of varying structure is something I do a lot at work.

Do you have a specific example that you find troublesome? For JSON with a fixed, regular structure (i.e. no subtyping) something like Pydantic works well, otherwise using unions + protocols with custom validation code has covered even my most esoteric use cases so far.

If we're talking about unstable JSON, a recursive union type works well enough in my experience, though defining that type gets a bit ugly if your type checker doesn't directly support recursive types.
Use "dmypy", it is fast.
That's simply ISPs seeing a lucrative revenue stream and wanting in on it. Let's put company size and market cap out of the picture and think of the network architecture. I set up a server in Romania. Someone from USA makes a request to it and gets a response. Can their ISP (Comcast or AT&T or whoever else) now send me a bill at the end of the month?
I also recently though about this problem and came to the same hypothesis, which fits the Dunning-Kruger data perfectly.
What if you do not want to leave any evidence of your incursion? Seems quite useful in that case.
I agree with your sentiments. Just keep in mind that the whole point of this discussion is to move towards more transparency and optionality around how Twitter works.

As you pointed out, not everything is algorithmic. There are definitely human factors at play, but without a more solid understanding of how twitter's algorithmic feed actually works, the discussion will remain hand wavy at best.

Just my 2 cents :)
Hannity and Colmes look like macho type A and dweeb from central casting - if it was an over-the-top comedy routine, it would be fitting. There's no way that was lost on the show's producers, and thus was intended to some degree.
Drugs, planes, bail: The wild story of George Jones’s lost recordings [video]
Crashes increase when motorists are confronted with number fatalities in area
Some CGA graphics assumed you would connect it to a TV via composite: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_artifact_colors
That's true. But a hundred years ago, different questions were there.

We've largely automated and optimised many jobs into minimal work or non existance across industrial production, agriculture, all sorts of areas. There's no reason not to think we don't keep automating to solve the problems you've mentioned.
Um, obviously a lot of people. Lightning is ten years old. People have ten years' worth of docks and cables and specialized accessories.

Another thing most mindless USB-C promoters aren't aware of is, the Lightning port is significantly smaller than a USB-C port. Moving to USB-C would mean that the most vulnerable part of the metal iPhone frame, which is the area surrounding the charging port, would be significantly thinner.

This is in addition to the connector itself also being more fragile.

There's just not a good enough reason to change ports. If there were, Apple would have changed it already, like they did for the iPad eventually.
> Why does Windows userbase care more about Linux drive interop than Mac userbase does?

Mostly it doesn't. And in any case, Windows doesn't ship with native support for mounting ext either. Only recently by installing WSL can it do so. So a very tiny minority of Windows users care about it.

https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/access-linux-file...
A great read. I had the same experience proving (toy) software correct: the act of formally specifying what you want to prove and proving it makes you understand the problem and the solution much better. It’s like your brain gains super powers.
I wanted the conspiracy guy to answer :)
I've tinkered with coming up with my own algorithm for YouTube using their API (albeit very basic ones) and I quite liked the results. I _tried_to make a front end and gave up because of the scope creep.

I wonder why platforms wouldn't just offer different algorithms. e.g. historical, maximise-time-on-screen or exploration. Most of the users would be nudged into what the platform wants anyway, and they will be able to claim moral superiority over other platforms that doesn't offer this. Heck, you could even charge for this feature.
Answer: if they really believe it, yes.
A Man in Transit: The Many Lives of Billy Wilder
I have a technique I use to get around videos that are supposed to be seamless with their backgrounds.

First I figure out which edges of the video will have website background next to them. Some video edges won't need any if the video itself is touching the side of the webpage.

Inside the video, do either or both of these two things:

a) Make the background of the video the same as the background of the website (impossible for live action, useful for product spin-arounds / pull-apart animations)

b) Place a gradient layer over the video to make the edges of the video that meet the website content blend into the website's background color. The gradient should go from transparent to the website's color.

Render out the video.

Now comes the part where people usually get frustrated. The video either doesn't blend in with the website's background, or only blends in on certain browsers. (This is due to a combination of the video losing color information when it is rendered and due to the whole web color spacing issues the Original Post goes into.

Now to fix it: Place a css/svg gradient over the <video> element itself that also goes from transparent to the website's color.

Why put the original gradient over the video?

Two reasons:

1. Depending on the css/svg gradient shape and stopping points, some browsers will render a hard edge through the gradient, allowing the border of the video to still be seen. Human eyes are great at seeing very minute changes in brightness/color when they're next to each other, especially when they're arranged in a straight line. Baking a gradient into the video itself actually helps out the css/svg gradient to hide the video's edge

2. Rendering a colored transparent gradient inside a video actually lowers the amount of colors in the final video, leading to a smaller file size and faster loading time. If the user's aren't actually going to see the original colours, there's no point rendering out the original video and all its much larger amount of color information if the user's aren't going to see it.

Example time:

Here's the last website I achieved this effect on: https://myoresearch.com/en-au

(Yes I'm aware there are some other issues with the website, but this is more to demonstrate the video effect itself)
And Sonic has its own fiber in the Sunset.
Good point.

Even if there were some sort of open source spec like the W3C specs, for instance, Twitter would still be a black box that could choose to conform to the spec or not choose to.

What we need is something more enforceable. So either you do something completely green field like https://blueskyweb.xyz/, or you spend $43B & roll up your sleeves to try and fix the problems with the current platform.
> I worked at a company that used the phrase "getting jamf'd" as a verb to describe when the management system broke things on your macbook.

It's just a management framework - Do developers who use windows say "getting sccm'd" or "getting Intuned" when SCCM/Intune does management actions on their devices?

> I got Jamf'd pretty hard this morning and now my build is broken...

If the IT department is pushing stuff out through the management framework on the devices that is "breaking builds" - they are doing device management wrong.

And if the IT department is pushing out Config Profiles which break things people use every day, thats more a people problem than technology/Jamf problem. (as in the IT dept are morons)
The reality is that most organisations choose Microsoft server products for legacy reasons. They aren't that good for their eye-watering cost.

If they were to start from scratch, they'd go Linux or cloud.
That's double dipping on both the rate and the amount. Charge for one or the other.

We already have massive media conglomerates which have consolidated even more in the last decade.

In order to maintain a competitive space, a neutral internet must be maintained. Otherwise you're cementing the position of those who own the content and means to provide it.
The NY Times opinion page is very successful, afaik, and has writers from the entire spectrum. A history I read said that it was created in the 1960s to attract readers, seemingly by publishing controversial opinions.
> … there is no source-file telling you how that image was derived…

Yes there is — the .changes file!

.image is a snapshot/cache

.sources is source code text for the vanilla .image snapshot

.changes is recovery log text of what has been done with the vanilla .image file

> That is the reason why…

No.

See https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31116640
This article captures a lot of the rationale behind why we're building Static Python within Cinder: https://github.com/facebookincubator/cinder#static-python
Python can't be said to enforce types at runtime. AFAIK, it doesn't say that. In fact, the original article starts off with "I'm expecting to be able to run a static analyzer", then it goes on to say "This isn't caught at runtime".

Yes, but is it caught at static analyzer run? Yes, I typed it into vi and ran mypy on it and it said "error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "str", variable has type "int")."

But I didn't have to run mypy on it, my editor told me: "Expression of type "Literal['hello']" cannot be assigned to declared type "int"".

Maybe the word "educated" wasn't the right choice in this case, can you offer a better one? I honestly couldn't make it through the entire article, despite several attempts. It is full of inconsistencies and what seem like wilful misunderstandings to justify the authors conclusion.

Particularly as the author starts off saying "run a static analysis tool" as if knowing that's how you go about it, and then saying "it doesn't catch it at runtime".
Sounds great. But it will never happen because of business incentives. I'm focused on trying to move the conversation towards more practical solutions.
a lot of the no-management/dumb-pipe stuff comes from the fact that we've had some scummy ISPs.

This is true, but that's how politics works. ISPs abused their position and lost the public's trust so now there's going to be an overreaction in the opposite direction.

...1% of the users end up consuming 50-75% of the bandwidth...

The correct and neutral solution to this is per-customer fair queueing. (It's not my problem that there isn't any equipment to implement that.)
There's a lot more users of millimeter waves, including crazy shit like this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Denial_System

No idea where people get this idea of "megacorps blocking information because profits", the electromagnetic spectrum and all its applications as well as potential harm that it can bring are all very well researched. Conspiracy thinking has its own unshakable logic, I guess.
The design of a given artefact in the real world won't change unless specifically acted on. A garment, or an automobile, or a building remains as it was originally designed, modulo wear, until and unless it is altered, modified, or renovated.

With digital artefacts, especially SAAS, where each individual use is fetched anew from a server, there's no such material stability.

Product lines are subject to revision, though even here, changes seem to follow marketing rather than functional logic. This is especially true when comparing, say, industrial vs. consumer products, particularly those with a common underlying design or base.

Examples which come to mind are Hobart vs. KitchenAid mixers (both manufactured by the same company), consumer automobiles vs. the Checker Taxicab. The last production year of Checker, 1982, could have graced a dealer's lot in the late 1940s:

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Checker_...

Commercial jet airliners have seen at best marginal evolution since the introduction of the 707 in 1958 (and arguably for a decade prior to that). More recent design changes have finally begun to emerge largely thanks to advances in materials technology. Yes, there's been a great deal of change in avionics, flight control systems, overall infrastructure, and powerplants, but the overall design of a sausage on wings with gets slung from wings or fixed to the fuselage has remained fundamentally unchanged, largely due to laws of aerodynamics.

Railroad oil tank cars strongly resembling the present-day DOT-111 standard emerged by the late 1860s. It turns out that there are only so many viable arrangements of material for handling bulk liquids on standard-gague rails given car dimensions, curve radius, braking, bogey capacity, and the like.

The modern high-tension electric transmission line pylon dates to the early 20th century. It was the failure of what seems to have been an orginally-installed hanger hook which seems to have precipitated the 2018 Camp Fire in California, responsible for destroying the town of Paradise, CA, amongst numerous others.

https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/hook-on-pge-tower-eyed...

https://blog.thinkreliability.com/case-study-californias-dea...

Clothing, particularly in an age of disposable ("fast") fashion does change quickly, yes. But that's through continued iteration and replacement of individual items, not, generally, by the repurposing of existing garments (accessorising and similar modifications excepted).

Matter has persistence. Digital does not.
> Perhaps Mike Judge could produce it?

Matt Stone and Trey Parker.
I'm confused. What does it mean to "look scanned"? Normally i want documents that were scanned to look like they weren't.
I agree that they're setting up a revenue stream. I also think that a business that charges customers on both sides isn't as crazy as you want it to be. For example, a customer of our pays SAP Ariba to be the SaaS for their procurement process. We also have to pay SAP Ariba to submit invoices to this customer. In your example I expect they wouldn't send you a bill for the request. I do expect they would send you a notice to join whatever program they run or they will stop routing to your server.

Again, I don't agree with what the ISP is doing, but I can rationalize how they think it makes sense.
Also, the reason the bank suddenly wants to reclaim that money might be that the wealth has vanished. If Tesla drops 99% for whatever reason, they will have a big problem getting their money back from stocks.
I used to play Sim City on the monochrome 640x200 IBM PC Convertible.

There was a program called "SimCGA" which would fool programs into thinking you had a color CGA graphics adapter so it would run.

Visually, it was awful. But the novelty of playing games on a battery-powered IBM made up for it.
They can't. The data model in Drive will no longer support hardlinking, period.
Establish a working relationship with a recruiter in your area and get them to review your resume. There are good recruiters and many times your goal of getting a job or contract and their goal of placing you can align.

Do a test interview: have a friend ask you typical questions while video recording. Then review...

Also interviewing.io does some free interesting things if your skill set is right
https://stratechery.com/2022/back-to-the-future-of-twitter/ has a great breakdown of Twitter's history in this respect.

TL;DR they used to have an open API and various third-party clients, each of which had their own flavor. BUT this made it really hard for twitter to guarantee a good UX and even harder for twitter to implement an ad-driven business model.
Oh, that’s good to hear. You should be in a good position to add support for FedNow having your own in-house connectivity solution. How are you feeling about being ready for that?
Wow, I wonder if these will work in DOS via the HX DOS Extender ?
It seems to me more about charging extra or artificially throttling.

If a streaming provider has massive connection at a shared upstream peering location as an ISP, but their competitor doesn't, the result could likely be that the bandwidth is better to that provider, while it's congested going to anywhere else on the internet (including competitors). Is this a violation of net neutrality, and if so, by who?

Some other situations I can think of that are less clear:

"Sorry streaming service, we can't host your CDN appliance because we already have an appliance from your competitor and our agreement with them disallows it"

"Sorry streaming service, we can't host your CDN appliance because we have no more physical space"

"Sure we'll host your CDN appliance, if you pay $$,$$$,$$$ to cover the cost of expanding our datacenter"

"Sure we'll host your CDN appliance, it will cost you $,$$$,$$$ per year"

"Sure we'll host your CDN appliance, it will cost you $$ per month per client IP"
Why should the companies pay for it? There are agreements in place for bandwidth between the peering companies and last mile providers. They shouldn’t care how it’s consumed.

The issue is not use it’s prioritization. That’s the danger.

Netflix pays to prioritize their traffic over Discovery+ or your video streaming startup. Now when it’s busy and the pipe is fully consumed, Netflix is perfect and your company is dropping frames and buffering.
We use pre-commit and you can't even commit until it passes mypy. It can be a bit frustrating sometimes, but overall it has saved us from a lot of issues.
Useless tangent:

Did anyone else look at the graphic above "Funding High-Risk, High-Reward Science" and immediately see the codepen logo?

(for reference: https://codepen.io)
And "brutal" similarly comes from "coarse, brutal, raw, crude".

The etymologies diverge for a bit, but come from the same root.

https://www.etymonline.com/word/brute
That doesn't really matter, you don't really need to convert between different color spaces that much. Whatever the user specifies you convert into one color space, say CIE XYZ or whatever suits the interpolation you want to perform, and then you convert the interpolation result into whatever you need as the output color space. The only real requirement is that the interpolation space covers all input spaces, then it does not matter that not all input spaces cover the same colors or have non-unique representations.
> CNN has declined precipitously in general quality, in the last couple of years

Remember the 2016 campaign, when they covered Zucker's friend Trump 24/7?
Gradients in a better colorspace indeed make more sense to me (all of HSL/HSV/Lab are way more useful for practical applications than what sRGB does), same as HSL palettes in tools like Photoshop, but this transparency example I don't understand. Admittedly, I never gave it much of thought, but all these "my browser" examples look MUCH better and more intuitive to me, than the "correct" case. Well, I don't know, maybe 25% opacity should look a little bit more potent, but these "my browser" examples are actually usable, they look good, even though I agree they should all look the same (they don't for me). But each one of them looks better to me, than the "correct" example, which simply cannot be used to shade a picture. It doesn't look like a glass. It's ugly.
In spirit I agree with you. The reality gets more complicated. The canonical example here is Netflix. Netflix's traffic is _mostly_ outbound and because it's video streaming, there's lots of it. If an ISP has a 10G circuit, then Netflix may end up taking up 50% of that circuit during prime after-work time. Because the circuit is limited in throughput, if Netflix takes up 50%, then remaining internet services need to fit in the other 50%, which can lead to a bad time for everyone (dropped packets from Netflix, dropped packets while trying to fetch your email, it's whatever the router decides to prioritize.) Now of course the ISP can add another circuit or upgrade their current circuit, but that costs them money. Or, the ISP could choose to drop Netflix packets first, which may degrade Netflix quality but not make it completely unusable the way dropping email packets might. The latter is an opposing perspective to net neutrality (the ISP is specifically choosing to drop Netflix packets at a higher rate than other packets.)

I'm not against net neutrality myself, just trying to add a bit of background behind why certain folks may oppose it.
There is also an administrative cost to auditing and paying these royalties.
Also for those curious here's the C++ query planner for Mongo: https://github.com/mongodb/mongo/blob/master/src/mongo/db/qu...

Checking whether the key pattern matches an index:
https://github.com/mongodb/mongo/blob/master/src/mongo/db/qu...

I wish Mongo could use intersecting indexes for queries and sorting...
If Amazon pays out everything it makes to its vendors and employees, then the vendors and employees pay taxes on income, no? Whats so bad about that?