skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I work as OAuth2 implementor, I found this guide to be excellent because it links all the necessary RFC's and categorizes them. It's really easy to navigate and I believe it took a while to write it up, this is some quality work. Thanks for writing it up, it's pretty much BRUTALLY useful for me personally and as a reference guide / explanation guide. Great work, 10/10 will read multiple times :)

Looking forward to part 2!
This really isn't about "algorithms", so much as it is about xenophobia and ethnic discrimination. The "algorithm", is just another plausible deniability cover for institutionalized discrimination against various minorities and the poor who are least able to fight back.

Those in charge, know exactly what they are doing when they create their "blacklists" and "targets". They know the names, they have the bias and prejudices, and they want to target those minority groups. The poorer and less able to fight back, the better. They know the type of damage they are doing to those peoples lives, and sadistically enjoy inflicting it.

It's only when they get caught, do they start running around and pulling out excuses from their orifices, and "it was the algorithm" is just one of them.
Sweden and Finland PMs held joint press conference outlining plans to join NATO
It’s like how when I was a kid, nobody in our neighborhood locked their doors at night. There was no need. Until there was.
Better to let them quit then force they to stay and be sh*tty doctors who might end up endangering their patients. A mechanism for a leave allowing them to decompress and hopefully return would be a win. Particularly as many health professionals had to deal with covid and the hostility from those disbelieving it.
Feel free to downvote but please tell me why I am wrong. I legitimately struggle with this as is obviously clear from my tone.
when start to feel less motivated - don't want to go out - struggling at work- I take ~3 grams - usually lasts about 2 months or so - find this much better than microdosing personally
> behind as a means for illegal activities

which are less than 1% of the yearly transaction volume according to Chainalysis lol
You also don’t get to vote on how HN, Twitter, or Facebook operate, no matter how many posts you write. None of these belong to you, so you don’t get a say. You are, of course, welcome to build your own and take payment however you please.
This book is great if you are in a relationship but also if you are single. It allows you to learn how you receive love. Often you express love in the ways you receive it which is critical to understanding if you are struggling to maintain relationships.
It's kind of surprising that AlphaFold has some success with random sequences of amino acids:

> "Baker’s team gets AlphaFold and RoseTTAFold to “hallucinate” new proteins. The researchers have altered the AI code so that, given random sequences of amino acids, the software will optimize them until they resemble something that the neural networks recognize as a protein. In December 2021, Baker and his colleagues reported expressing 129 of these hallucinated proteins in bacteria, and found that about one-fifth of them folded into something resembling their predicted shape."

20% is not that great but it has potential. One long-standing goal is the de novo design of protein-based industrial catalysts for specific chemical transformations. Proteins from bacteria that live in boiling sulfur vents etc. have been used to some extent, but the idea is that similar proteins could be designed for a much wider variety of industrial processes. As the article notes, specificity remains a challenge (and designed proteins don't approach the efficiency of the evolutionary selected proteins), but it still seems promising.

P.S. I'm a bit more skeptical about the drug-design programs. It's not so much that novel drugs can't be designed that bind to the desired targets, it's that they might bind to a whole lot of undesired targets as well, leading to nasty side effects. Now if you could screen against the whole proteome, perhaps.
Ask HN: Which password is more secure?
If I ask my password manager to generate a 20 character password with lowercase, uppercase, symbols, and numbers... it gives me a password like:

`nNqP4nnvMs!HCL@*z3cm`

In real world use-cases, is that a more secure password than:

`aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa`

Theoretically speaking, does it have a lower entropy than the first password? How does the entropy calculation know that the 20 'a' characters weren't randomly generated from the same set of characters that generated the first password?
I agree with both the op AND this criticism. It's a pretty good tool in a relationship toolbox -- and also this definitely happens. Just don't treat it as gospel.
What does this even mean? I’m a crypto fan but I dont want to deregulate finance completely. So maybe i’m not a crypto fan. Or maybe the crypto fan online isn’t really representative of reality like most online communities that are largely based off what reddit is spouting.

Im not close to being alone on this. I don’t know anyone in my life who is a “crypto fan” and doesn’t think rules should exist around exchanges.

It’s easy to fight the boogeyman and the HN boogeyman is one of the silliest ones I have seen.
Seems like Texas will go blue as the population changes. They almost elected one in 2018. They may also flip North Carolina and Pennsylvania to permanent blue as well.
Isn't the term "control" more accurate than "placebo" in these contexts? I thought that a placebo was inactive, while a control is used to set a baseline for judging improvement. A placebo is a type of control, but not vice versa.
Wait until you start looking at transmission values...

f-stop doesn't mean much other than the maximum that the aperture for that lens can open.

It doesn't indicate lens or element quality, or aberrations. There's a reason that pixel peeping, gear games, and reviewers are so prevalent in high end photography.

As a simple extension to this, most of my lenses work better a few stops before maximum f-stop.

So, yes, but no.
> it adds up.

It really, really doesn't.

According to UTS #51, as of unicode 14 (and its ~140000 allocated codepoints) there are under 3500 codepoints classified as emoji.

And do keep in mind that #, or ®, are classified as emoji.

And incidentally, U+2654 "white chess king" (♔) was in unicode 1.0. The moral panic around emoji is really tiring, it's absolute, utter nonsense, every single time.
Which is totally on-brand for Haskell.
I thought the marriage vows were "till death do us part".
Or maybe the Tax office isn't equipped to hand out money.

I'm not joking here, but an office that has been focused on extracting money for literally centuries, with a strong emphasis on detecting fraudsters and sticking to laws and rules, doesn't have the culture to handle allowences for people in need.

The latter is a very human function. With lots of interpretations. The former is a very strict and rigid function.

which is why previously the latter was done by local authorities, often they even did it through proxies in the neighborhoods: something done by people, close to the people.
Hotdogs and drinks are probably a loss leader for Costco. What Apple product would you suggest they sell below cost as an enticement to people to make other Apple purchases?
New compiled languages like zig, jai, roc also focus in fast iteration. I remember a tweet by the Zig creators about it compiling and running a piece of code faster than python interpreted it.

Edit: here it is https://nitter.net/andy_kelley/status/1483677253682675713
Earlier discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30991278
What happens with regards to informed consent? Do you give them permission to administer you with literally any drug?
I can't answer your question but like green hydrogen I'd guess there are practical reasons.. but my question is wouldn't that just contribute to greenhouse gasses?
> Im 99% sure the wife in this story used the glass as an excuse to get out.

I'm 99% sure she would never even mention the glass if you asked her why she left.
The author said his marriage "... bled out from 10,000 paper cuts." The glass was 1 minor thing amongst far too many things.
> without the upfront capital paid by the shareholders, facebook would not exist

It’s pretty debatable how much of the money they raised was critical. They needed a bit of seed money, no question - and without regular injections of cash they would have had a much slower growth curve, for sure. They might not have been able to buy out instagram and whatsapp - but that didn’t create much value - those things existed without facebook. We might even need to account for the value that facebook’s rise took away from other firms, if we’re trying to calculate how much net value facebook’s investors have created - rather than just how much value has been enveloped into the firm - but let’s stay on point.

Overall, giving money to someone starting a business, well that sounds like you’re describing a loan. A loan entitles you to get paid back, with interest. The interest is there to cover the risk that you might not get paid back.

What we have instead is “ownership”, which seems to entitle you to the profits of a company’s workers in perpetuity.

Numbers are a little thin, but it seems like facebook took on something like $1bil in various investments before their ipo, and raised about 16bil with their ipo (tho unclear if that 16bil went to the company, or investors + the company).

Facebook has posted profits in the billions for years now. If you only count earnings since their ipo, about $173bil cumulative going to investors.

At what point is the loan paid back? How much interest are they entitled to? At 9 years post investment they’ve paid back 10x what was given to them - that’s well over a 100% interest rate - and that is set to never end.
I first want to say that I cringed reading the entire original article.

But I want to address something you said as well, "TLDR Women are more picky than Men".

This is highly age-dependent... On average:

A 21 year old woman on a dating site has to be picky. She's getting constant messages from men anywhere from 18 years old to 100 years old.

A 40 year old woman is still a bit picky on a dating site but is starting to realize that things are vastly different than they used to be.

A 47 year old woman is generally willing to date just about anyone that messages her. Or she’s given up on dating.
I like tools that come with nice defaults, so that I don't have to learn tricks like that. To make a somewhat bad analogy, one of the reasons that Ubuntu is so popular vs other distributions is that you have to futz with it less.

Which isn't to say that it wasn't neat to learn that top can do that, but I'm probably still going to continue using htop.
I migrated data off a dying PC once onto a new one in a pinch by using two paperclips to cross the TX/RX pins of both computers' serial ports while they were back to back. Then I used PC Anywhere (another fine bit of software) to do the file transfer. Took about 24 hours but moved everything fine.

Year was 1997 I think.
If you're a nutjob like me who runs Linux-libre instead of the normal Linux kernel, you'll be interested in checking the h-node database. https://www.h-node.org/
But please don't share this with your partner if you fight about the dish by the sink. It will come off like you are rubbing their face in it.
Yes exactly! This is huge. Hessian optimization is really easy with JAX, haven't tried it in Julia though
There was a related service around this time that basically paid you to use the internet. But they only paid you if you were actively running their banner ads. Of course, this was rife for abuse through scripts that faked your activity. I ended up writing some of my own before they went bankrupt.
https://brush.ninja/ is fast and nice if you just want to do quick stick figure type animated gifs. Start by drawing something simple in the current frame, then down at the bottom, use the "duplicate" to make the next frame and add some changes, then rinse/repeat.

No forced sign up, ads, etc.
There is a standard for storing EXIF metadata in PNG files, buried in an obscure corner: https://ftp-osl.osuosl.org/pub/libpng/documents/pngext-1.5.0... . I'm not sure if there are any files in the wild that make use of this feature.
You're going to need such software whether you use an iphone or a DSLR. There's no difference in cost except the hardware.
... Why does this matter? GP asked about whether you can use Bitcoin to receive goods and services. Nobody asked what Expedia puts in their balance sheet, you're moving the goalposts.
To be honest, it feels like a lot of the descriptions of the volumes on that page are strawmen or cherry picked bad examples.

Nobody gets divorced for leaving a dish by the sink. They might get divorced because they just don't do anything around the house (aka unequal distribution of work/chores).
Acting as if the tea was the core of the problem here is a sure way to get nowhere.
Sweden's Social Democrats already decided to submit application in June

https://www.svd.se/a/Wj5gW2/uppgifter-till-svd-magdalena-and...
Depending on the situation and speeds, I can even see situations where a motorcycle may be safer; you can accelerate out of many dangerous spots where on a an e-bike you just wouldn't have the speed to do so.
That's part of why Julia is so exciting! Building it specifically to be a differentiable programming language opens so many doors ...
what the article really misses is why this is happening, and it boils down to 3 things: soft power, hard power, and ideal.

The decline of soft power was a direct consequence of Washington moving from a pragmatic good-faith actor to a rhetorical dogmatic broken record. nations increasingly couldnt count on washington to meet them on common ground in a disagreement, and instead saw lawmakers ritualistically park the USS blow-you-up carrier off their coast as a crass enforcement of their capitulation. equally onerous was the famed US economic sanction which showed up unannounced for everything from poorly structured oil sales to overly socialist domestic policy. Countries instead bolstered their anti-ship defenses and turned to alternative markets, leaving Washington hollow. The number of countries we currently sanction yet depend on for financing our debt is practically a boys club nodding halfheartedly to US fist-shaking, and the prospect of parking a carrier outside any country worth the dosh is really only enticing if you expect it to patrol the ocean floor a half hour after its arrival.

Hard power is similar. The soviet union was only ever 5-6 years behind the US at best, and so long as you understand your adversary then its pretty easy to counter them. Russia has fifty years of tailor-made doomsday arsenal specifically purposed for deterring the US, which it openly shares with most nations that find themselves in the crosshairs of the stars and bars. similarly, the US hasnt won any of the foreign excursions its found itself since perhaps the first gulf war. Afghanistan was a black eye, Iraq was a road map to a sectarian holocaust, and the combination of low morale and low recruitment has made the US an almost ghostly figure of what it was in the seventies. perhaps the most damning coffin nail here however is that virtually no one in leadership at any level will admit outright that recent wars failed, or that any lessons could be learned.

rounding third base into home we have ideal; its a little intangible at first. The US is a first world nation that struggles with food insecurity, homelessness, healthcare, and a living wage. it holds the worlds highest prison population, routinely shuffles past the weekly gun crime atrocity, and rarely holds its lawbringers to account. you'd move here, but only if it were your last option as housing is unaffordable at any level. Traffic in major cities is unbearable yet somehow no new works projects can ever commence as the might of singular senators gridlocked in endless partisan debate can be enough to torpedo funding entirely. The iris of government seems hopelessly fixed on a forty year old culture war as the doddering gerontocracy we call a legislature tables such groundbreaking resolution as to affirm 'in god we trust' on the dollar, or advance a ban on critical race theory.
This is correct for Mexico:

Mid-tier income people will pay from 20% to 35% (in a progressive tax setting, granted). This is people whose taxes are collected automatically and they don't have any say in that money.

Whereas rich people, they will invest in Stocks and REITS (FIBRAs in Mexico), the former has a 10% Tax while the latter (FIBRAs) doesn't have any tax (for generated "dividends"). So, rich people have better instruments to make their money grow and pay less taxes, while the average Joe is bled.
Yeah there was a Vice where they ask school children in rural america what they know about Unions and it's all standard media bs
Just like any other group of people, crypto fans are not a monolith.

There certainly are some extreme libertarians that think nothing in the financial world should be illegal and that the Free Market(tm) will sort everything out on its own. To them, insider trading isn't unethical, quite the opposite. People should be using every advantage at their disposal. To them, getting a job at Coinbase to get the inside scoop on upcoming coin listings would be a genius move.
Hence why I'm a casual hobbyist, I'm not trying to win competitions or anything here.
The proof is easy, look at the times the US has had balanced budgets and then look for recessions following a year or so later. Works all the way back to Andrew Jackson's time.

As for stopping printing money, the Fed did that last summer.
Sweden's Social Democrats already decided to submit application in June

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31016003
I agree. The problem is that the bad chases away the good.

This is the problem with everything in crypto. There's so much scamming, crime, gambling, and other bullshit that legitimate artists have become wary of the entire ecosystem.

Do you want to live in a bad neighborhood? Same principle works in markets. When a market or market venue gains a reputation for being full of crap, legitimate players don't want to be associated with it. It doesn't matter how brilliant it is.

One of the problems with cryptocurrency is that it's a product of technical people who think everything is a technical problem. A lot of it is technically brilliant, but they overlook the social, political, and economic angle.

I often argue that Bitcoin was actually hacked very quickly. It wasn't hacked by targeting the cryptographic algorithms or the software but via social engineering. It was hacked by targeting people with scams and schemes. As with other security systems the humans are often the least secure part of the system. People are much easier to target than algorithms and code unless the latter has some serious zero-day or is just grossly insecure by design.
Even if it is 0.8% of their donations, it is still a lot. They are pretty direct with how drastic is for them to receive donations in order to survive. This decision is just dumb.
#2 is less secure, not because of entropy per se., but because it will already be present in existing password test files and/or is trivial to create and test (i.e., JohnTheRipper's ability to generate test candidates based upon patterns).
>China repeatedly threatens Taiwan on an almost daily basis.

[citation needed]

As for Tibet - they did, 70 years ago. And they changed it from a theocratic, medieval shithole with economy based on slavery, into a proper place to live. For comparison, US invaded Afghanistan a decade ago and failed to improve it in any noticeable way. Not to mention that Chinese didn't drone random weddings in Tibet.
Coinbase would be frontrunning every trade you make. This would be a direct tangible loss to you. Think of it like a GME level fiasco but carried out every few weeks or so. Compared to that any insider trading Nancy does would be diffuse and unlikely to affect you personally.
The entropy is calculated with knowledge of the process that generated the password.
Sweden and Finland PMs held joint press conference outlining plans to join NATO

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31015962
Using the word "peak" to describe anything with a social component is nonsense, essentially soothsaying. The term 'peak oil' at least is rooted in empirical analysis of consumption and production of a tangible resource. But 'peak capitalism' or 'peak homogenization' are both far too presumptuous to have real meaning. The truth is we have no idea how much further these things will go. Ten years ago some of my friends were telling me we were at peak capitalism. If that was the peak 10 years ago, then what are we at now? The trends they claim were peaking 10 years ago have only continued, they didn't peak. You can't read the future, so you can't pinpoint this sort of peak except in retrospect.

If you think 'something's GOT to give' you might be right, but when? When is anybody's guess.
> the government would just say that old token was no longer authoritative and that some new token is... which is no different from how a standard title or deed also can't be blindly trusted

So why do we need blockchain in the first place? Just upload a digitally-signed file to a conventional file repository. In the end, you're trusting a third party, centralized peer, not the chain, to hold the de facto truth.

> And yet, forging your sheets of paper or invalid transfer signatures on the real sheet of paper (how classic titles and deeds work, as in when I signed over ownership of a car once) is way easier than forging this blockchain record

You don't need blockchain to have a better replacement than paper. Digital signatures in a centralized repository can do it faster, cheaper and with reversibility as a feature.
How do you measure out 3 grams? I would think it would be difficult to control that level of granularity.
Maybe the bakeries in India don’t offer this service/product for some reason? If so, a website like this could put some pressure on them to introduce half-loaves.
I mean, you have to go to the classic point of rhetoric here. Do you want to win all the arguments, or do you want to have your way? Strategically losing arguments, or even just "lots of admitting when you're wrong (and also subconsciously reminding and modeling the fact that it's okay to be wrong)" is worth so much.
It's a specific case but not a very specific case, and one that is becoming more common as core counts are exploding.

And anyway, even if it were a very specific case it's still an existence proof that disproves the assertions that "all that abstraction is being turned into loops and jumps." as one other poster put it. The replies here are speaking in very absolute terms ("you don’t have any choice", "loops and jumps cannot ever go away regardless of the higher level abstractions"), which are not true in an absolute sense.

The OP said:

> Do you mean for all imperative languages? Functional or declarative languages can do away with loops and jumps

And everyone here is answering them so far from the perspective of imperative languages. But depending on the program, it's not necessarily the general case in declarative languages, where we have much more freedom to compile things as we want, including without loops where they would be used in an imperative language.

Since this is a thread about language design and we're talking about alternative paradigms and how things get compiled to instructions, it's absolutely true that if our problem can be parallelized we don't have to loop at all. This is not a special case, but something that is generally applicable to many kinds of situations. Now that we're entering a world of potentially 1000s of cores available on consumer CPUs in the near future, what I'm saying is going to become the general case more and more.