skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Ask HN: How are OS able to support such a number of devices?
I have been reading about computer architecture and device drives and it is very fascinating on how a processor functions and how are operating systems created to abstract the low level details of the CPU. I was able to understand about the processor, memory and basic devices (like the Hard Disk and Display) using the Writing a simple operating system from scratch book (https://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~exr/lectures/opsys/10_11/lectures/os-dev.pdf) shared recently on HN (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30800715). Understanding this provides a good grasp of the fundamentals of the hardware and software.

But, even after this, I am not really sure on an Operating System can support such a massive number of devices, that just simply work on plug and play basis. If feels like magic. I understand that the operating system has in build drivers to a lot of these devices, but still don't understand how are such a massive number of devices covered using just by the inbuild drivers. Also, how does this related to PCI Express and other kinds of busses ? What there the generic interfaces which enable such massive number of devices to be able to work with the operating system ?

Does anyone have any good resources for explaining this from first principles, for eg. How would one go about designing a system that can work with so many devices out of the box at runtime ? It'll be really great is anyone has analogies for understanding the various parts involved in such a system.

Thank you!
Given the context here (a World Cup awarded to _Qatar_ of all places) it's arguably more of a good faith assumption that FIFA is indeed corrupt, because the alternative assumption is that its members are mind-blowingly incompetent, to the point where you'd be assuming they required assisted living programmes and round-the-clock care.
Another case of someone's use of F12 being described as "hacking". Not a great state of affairs.
If you have to fight against your distro, you have a bigger problem than one package, and working around that one package doesn't fix the larger proble which is that they tried, and will try again, and will always be trying.

You need your tools goals to be aligned with your own, and reject any that aren't, not cater to them.

Working around the FF package by installing from elsewhere is no answer.
Don’t waste your time… the Wookiee posted that ivermectin is an effective treatment for Covid just 12 days ago!
Charging trucks is a more frequent and time consuming process than refueling them, which probably more than offsets these savings.
The example image of the post is carefully done to make appear one side of the political spectrum worse than the other. I don't like this stuff. Specially if this people is aiming for an open place.
Not much point owning stuff if you can't afford a house to keep it in.
They knew perfectly well they weren't complying with the order the first time, they're wilfully wasting everyone's time and they deserve every fine they get for it.

They've gone from "I picked up one sock so technically I've now cleaned my room" level of compliance to "OK, OK, I picked up the other sock as well."
Ah, so the article mentions “A/B testing” but doesn’t realize that Apple has actually been rolling out IAP trials for macOS features. Subscriptions baked right into the OS, with feature flags to make sure they are extracting maximum profit. Eddy Cue is personally overseeing this because services revenue is so critical to Apple that they’re willing to hurt the user experience to get some money out of this.

Ok, seriously, y’all need to tone it down with the speculation. Spotting the word “trial” and immediately jumping to the worst conclusion is dumb and how misinformation spreads. As some commenters have mentioned below, triald manages CloudKit asset packs for Siri to allow it to change its local behavior independent of an OS update. That’s all it is. I don’t really have a problem with “oh let’s poke into this thing on my computer and figure out what it does” but I am kind of sick of just looking at log entries and coming to a misleading conclusion without really understanding what’s going on behind the hood. Yeah, it uses space on your disk and Apple could describe what it is better, but it’s not secret spyware or a plot to fill up your disk for no reason.

(Fun fact: a lot of the assets in the ~/Library/Trial directory are transparently compressed at the filesystem level using a new “LZBITMAP” compressor type in macOS Monterey. Without this it would take more space, so they are definitely aware of the disk usage at Apple.)
Bank of England claims that barely 0.0022% of notes are counterfeit. [1] And that going digital is what’s driving YoY decreases.

If you claim that ETH’s role is purely to be a replacement for the BoE (which is debatable) - surely they’ve solved counterfeiting, and can move on other things? Do we need to bike shed this forever?

[1] https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/banknotes/counterfeit-bankno...
Yes, re-read what I wrote
This is a pretty bad take, I want to use the word "ignorant" but that carries accusatory and negative connotations, I don't mean to call you names.

At least in English, the word "race" does not apply to animals, the word we use for them is "breed". Race is used exclusively for human beings.

It has been largely accepted that there are very little inherent anatomical or behavioral differences between races and that race is not a reliable indicator of genetic similarity or difference. But the concept of race is primarily a sociological concept and has social implications. It is easy to disregard this aspect of it in a region of the world that until recently was largely racially homogenous.

Now in many parts of Europe you have vastly different cultures living together and you're seeing the social impact of this and experiencing living in an environment like that for the first time. In the Americas it has been that way for hundreds of years. We have many culturally distinct, native ethnic groups that are easily identifiable. Using outwardly visible characteristics as an easy indicator of cultural difference is very reliable, it is not that Americans want segregation, it is that all of the groups that live on the continent have identified their communities primarily using race for a very long time, it's not easy to force them all to abandon that heuristic.
Between this, supply chain issues, and geopolitical instability, I'm starting to become concerned about food crises in a way I haven't for decades.
Best News in a while
We're developing green energy to phase out fossil fuel usage, not to build more industry.
Host it on Raspberry PI at home. That's what I did.
Only on Google store, and an open source google store client (Aurora) just says "failed to fetch app details"... why is it so hard to just put an apk on your website if you actually want people to use your app?

> As well as helping to create new Earth and space weather forecasting models, participants are also in with the chance to win prizes

They seem to be quite keen on getting users and I'd be interested in the data myself (don't care for prizes), but then they make it a Google ecosystem exclusive?

Edit: sent them an email using the address on the contact page. Let's see.
You do know that you can peek at closed source binaries and figure out what they do? It’s not even all that hard in this case and it would quickly tell you what the software does, assuming it’s not intentionally trying to cloak its behavior, which it is not in this case.
Microsoft Wants to Change TypeScript
This proposal backed by Microsoft could change TypeScript as we know it. Microsoft plans to handle Types in TypeScript as Comments.
The worst group project I did in course of my studies didn't have the same level of forced interaction as pair/mob programming. In fact, I'd say it tended to have less than normal work from the office.
> This is likely by choice

It's likely because of inertia. I don't work for EA, but the majority of games studios use Perforce for source control which has... awful support for branches. They've got streams which are a huge improvement, but still nowhere near as flexible or easy to use as branches in git.
From what I can see, public keys are checked by examining a signature chain which must terminate in the TrustedRoot.

This sounds more like a traditional PKI than a web of trust. Could you comment further on how this is a web of trust, and who is allowed to sign keys?
Web and iOS app's are not responding. Will emails, sent to me on Proton, be lost?
> Nah, couldn't be. Not dirty enough for FIFA.

In utilitarian net terms the (BAFTA award winning) scenario you posit is far, far, far, better than the current situation where an estimated 6500+ exploited migrant workers have died building out the stadiums and infrastructure.
Nah they def use Instagram, but more as a landing page, Its not cool to post a lot, people in their 20s will have their old posts,rarely posting new ones, but with updated stories.. Teens will have 1 or ZERO actual posts(much cooler), and sparingly use stories, and the stories collections/archive on display above posts are the 'new' way to post. Hardly know any teen or 20 something that uses snapchat as tiktok replaced it years and years ago
From the title, I was hoping this would be some parody about pop idols, kind of like First and Last Idol -- https://j-novel.club/series/last-and-first-idol .

But pleasantly disappointed and going to check out more of the author's work later.
No. They get lots of subsidies. Besides the energy, there simply is not a lot of space here in NL, and a huge datacenter won’t add anything to the country. Jobs, nature, view, spatial planning.

The only reason it was allowed before is that politician get a hard on from dealing with big tech. Aka corruption
"Trial" will gather and store the voice samples if you have "Improve Siri & Dictation" turned on in the Privacy settings. This showed up in Big Sur and is probably the exact same thing from iOS. If you have Siri and that disabled the folder should be pretty small.
Good analogy - portscanning and email spoofing was considered a relatively benign issue decades ago, but would be quite serious now and does lead to jail time, and I'm sure the same will be true with cryptocurrencies (unless you're in a failed state where the rule of law is a bug not a feature).
In fact, depending on regulations, it can happen that you end up with somewhat junior team member having to sign off on all materials because they are the only one with necessary accredited title...
Why write so confidently about something you know nothing about? Some of the footballs are wildly different in how they curve when you hit them, for instance, which even an amateur will notice.
They have a generous free tier.

I haven't used it professionally.
I did not notice that. Maybe because I wasn't looking for it.
I've created a trial account and they really have tidied up that part of the experience, they offer a downloadable profile for macOS that will set up Apple Mail, that's really neat and something I haven't seen with other providers yet. Will give them an in-depth check, this looks promising.
TweetDeck may become a paid Twitter Blue option
Show HN: Open-source automation scripts for DevOps community
You are seriously misunderstanding what triald does.
Maybe they don’t want those email addresses anyway. People who are aware of spambots may not be the ripest targets for spam, so it’s not worth the cost of targeting them.
One could speculate the dns resolver for the reverse proxy is causing the time outs. Could be an emergency maintenance check, but I am skeptical considering it's noon in Geneva. Additionally, A-level domains are down but subdomains are up, probably because each are hosted on different dns name servers. I.e amazon aws dns name servers are partitioned in 'zones'.
No, you won't "get to speed million times faster" by getting answers immediately. You have to learn system before you can ask sufficiently important questions.

I recently learned that some database system, internally, always performs two operations in the specific consecutive order. It was quite critical for my task at hand and no-one on the team was able to answer this precise question about the order, including team leader with deep historic knowledge. I had to read code, I had to prove that this sequence will be exactly as I need in cases that are important for me. And I read and reread the code before that "proof process" even to get the understanding that I can implement my solution if I can guarantee that order somehow.

"All easy problems are already solved", if I may quote fortune program.

The hard problems take time for research. By doing that research yourself, you learn how to do research, you learn code better and, finally, you are not doing research with someone who, well, may not know solution for your problem and may not even have a clue on what may help you with the solution.

The last point means that you are not wasting someone's time and you are not wasting your time too.

You say "A team with one expert and pairing is now a team full of experts" and I cannot agree with that for any problem domain that requires any kind of research.
I was checking the UI, and started to notice some political keywords, like "MAGA" and others, and then I followed the thread just realizing it. Coincidence? Maybe, but…
Link doesn't work for me and the URL is obscured for some reason. Is my guess correct that you're linking the GPSTest app?
People in Israel, Brasil, Colombia, use it very regularly as it is a means of commerce and basically the only way to find apartments or do so many essential activities. Especially in Israel. I notice that Colombians and Brazilians use Instagram more to make online stores, and home delivery for all kinds of stuff from clothing to beauty products
Bribes. False promises about job creation. Politicians with wrong incentives, being starstruck, or who simply don’t understand what a datacenter is
> As of writing the Debian stable release has 96.729 packages in stable and 149.976 packages in unstable

That's a meaningless number because every distribution has different way of packaging things.

What should be counted is the number of source packages, because curl would still be counted as one package regardless of whether your distro split it into 8 (https://packages.debian.org/source/buster/curl) or 3 (https://archlinux.org/packages/core/x86_64/curl/)

Even when not doing a comparison between distributions (like when author complains about # of packages per # of LTS maintainers ) this is still the more meaningful count because package maintainers don't deal with every binary package separately, they deal with source packages.

As of today, Debian has 31306 source packages in stable and 34179 in unstable:

udd=> select count(source) from sources_uniq where release='sid';
count
-------
34179

udd=> select count(source) from sources_uniq where release='bullseye';
count
-------
31306
Bought your course and I really like it! Good job :)
it's less about democracy and more about the economical systems and hierarchy in use. i suspect an encounter with china for example would go quite differently
I think 2C-B varies in its effects from person to person a bit more than some of the others. What you describe sounds like what's happened to me when I've pushed the dose a bit high.

I've friends who swear by taking it when coming down from MDMA; where for me doing that always ends up with large chunks of my visual field being replaced with oozing neon magma & me needing to go & have a "lie down..."
Ask HN: Anyone else had their Medium Partner Program turned off this week?
Medium turned off my Medium Partner Program access without warning! Looking at their current live policy, it appears I'm below their 'following' count threshold they've implemented after I joined, so perhaps this was an automated task they've actioned to backwards-apply the rules. Surprised there was no warning...

Anyone else experienced this?

Leaves me convinced that you cannot treat a single platform as a reliable source of income, only ever passive or grouped with many providers.

This won't stop me posting on Medium, as it's a great platform to share technical knowledge with others.
There's a big difference between "free flow of information" between engineers and enforced mob programming. The former often works quite well with just regular unstructured meetings, whether face to face or online.
> Asking a creator to somehow factor in environmental impact isn't going to work.

That attitude doesn't leave a great impression for me. I take your points about how difficult it is, but I think we can all do better than throw our hands up in the air. For instance, you could talk about how easy containerization of CI/CD makes it easier to move your pipeline where impact is lowest. Or that you can control your own impact rather than leave it up to the whim of someone like CircleCI.

There's no silver bullet with environmental impact, which is why we all have to collectively apply whatever wins we can, wherever we can.
The en_GB one on my machine includes words like smeg, squits, and argie – all of which are mild yet anachronistic terms at worst. And, curiously, "poe" – I know Apple doesn't like power over Ethernet, but really..
Piece has a rather simplistic view of western democracy. Regular replacement of leaders isn’t useful if they all believe the same general doctrine and work toward the same goals over many decades. The will of the people is not expressed in the western system either.
> The difference is that transactions on those benefit cards are processed through the banking system. Transactions on the proposed new Treasury cards would be strictly peer to peer, like cash. Funds could also be uploaded onto phones or other hardware.

> There’s no cryptocurrency blockchain or distributed ledger technology involved in the proposed Ecash system. Also, no internet is required. Presumably, chips on the cards or phones would communicate with chips on other cards or phones or on point-of-sale devices to deliver or receive funds between them.

What a beautiful dreams! So sorry that modern technologies can not solve these problems.
If you install this app, you'll see exactly what GPS data your phone is picking up.

https://github.com/barbeau/gpstest

I can see GPS, Galileo, Chinese, Russian, and Japanese ones.
This goes for (almost?) all dog breeds. Most of the working dogs of the past are now kept for different reasons, if you apply that kind of reasoning you will likely get rid of all dogs, especially purebreds because they all have their share of problems, some more than others.
American cash is hoarded abroad, so I don't think that's very informative.

For the UK [1] (graph on page 2) shows the number of cash transactions made per year. There's a continual decline since 2012: "Since 2017 cash use had been declining by around 15% each year, so 2020 represented an acceleration of this decline ... Nevertheless, cash remained the second most frequently used payment method in the UK in 2020, being used for just under a fifth of the total number of payments made"

"At the same time there were 1.2 million consumers who mainly used cash, choosing this payment method when doing their day-to-day shopping (although the majority still use other payment methods to pay their regular bills). It should be noted that while these people prefer to use cash when paying for things, they are not necessarily unwilling or unable to use other methods of payment. The majority of them have a debit card"

[2] is the same for the USA (page 6). It shows similar cash use as the UK (1 in 5 transactions), plus credit cards used instead of debit cards.

For a much more cashless society, see Denmark [3]. Roughly a third of people don't carry any cash, and half carry less than 100kr ($15).

"There are differences in the use of cash between the youngest and the oldest Danes, but the tendency to move away from cash is seen in all age groups. In particular, senior citizens’ use of cash has declined in recent years: Among the 70 to 79-year-olds, 40 per cent of payments were made in cash in 2017. This figure was almost halved to 22 per cent in 2019.

"By comparison, the share of cash payments in physical trade fell from 9 per cent to 4 per cent among the 15 to 29-year-olds. Young people thus opt out of paying with cash in stores, but it is a change in behaviour among the oldest citizens which has been driving developments since 2017."

(Denmark has a national law requiring staffed businesses to accept cash, with some exceptions.)

[1] https://www.ukfinance.org.uk/sites/default/files/uploads/SUM...

[2] https://www.frbsf.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2021-findin...

[3] https://www.nationalbanken.dk/en/publications/Documents/2020...
Show HN: Tracking free, FOSS, URL shortener
There have been tons of fake apps that claim to do everything from microwaving food to measuring blood pressure. Not everyone knows everything about how things work in principle. I could imagine that GP doesn't know whether this is anywhere near realistic and just assumes it's a joke, maybe?
I think they used underscores in their links originally and then changed them to dashes at some later date but broke things. (You can see this in the second article which links to the first using an underscore, but the redirects they've put in place are broken.)
Hi there, Marco and David here,

This project has started as a joke, still is, but as we got some feedback from our entourage, we love to share it with you.

As a free toy, the service will remain up and running in our infrastructure (what we use for our main project). There are some ideas like setting expiration date, creating a namespace and storing a bit of data.

Thanks for your time
Because up to this point on the evolutionary scale the brain UX hasn't been a sufficient enough deterrent to reproduction.

You're not owed a good experience, or a healthy brain, or a nice life. There isn't a manager to complain to. I'm sorry.
> It's worthless for trying to find an app. The descriptions are terrible and often misleading

2 notes:
- the google playstore is even worse to find something and much more misleading. Hey you can't even sort out apps that include ads.
- You usually get the necessary info quickly even though it might take an additionnal step. The project repo/website is always mentioned, you can consult it.

But yes regardless of the store, sometimes it is faster to check for an app and eventually install it using a regular search engine and follow the "playstore/f-droid/iOS/direct apk link".
Emails are retried for a while before being dropped. Usually a day or two. After that, the sender is normally notified by his mail provider.
why is it so hard to just put an apk on your website

Then you'd have to field all the "How do I use this file?" and "Why doesn't this work on my phone?" questions yourself.
One of the stunning things to me in the last few years was our collective inability to explain why democracy is a good thing.

The best short statement I can come up with is that a functional democracy is the best system of accountability that we have come up with. It is the system most likely to keep morons from positions of power. It is the system most likely to eject corrupt leaders.
>I also use it to see which relatives are now Qanon or Qanon-adacent.

I kept my parents off it because I know they would succumb.
Pfizer, Moderna vaccines aren’t the same; study finds antibody differences
Provigil solves the sleep issue. But I’m a bit younger and I also cannot read dark themes. It’s especially infuriating that half the default font colors appear to be dark shades as well, so it’s dark on dark.
Maybe I misremember things, but most websites related to counter-culture were very dark and "omniscient" from the very beginning (at least when I first discovered the web, around 2000). It was mostly "proper" businesses that had white or otherwise bright designs. Although in general the web was much more colorful back then overall.